DOCSLIB.ORG

Civic Belonging and Contagious Disease in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Civic Belonging and Contagious Disease in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg Outside the Walls: Civic Belonging and Contagious Disease in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Newhouse, Amy Melinda Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 01:22:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579035 1 OUTSIDE THE WALLS: CIVIC BELONGING AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASE IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY NUREMBERG by Amy Newhouse __________________________ Copyright © Amy Newhouse 2015 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2015 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Amy Newhouse, titled Outside the Walls: Civic Belonging and Contagious Disease in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Susan C. Karant-Nunn _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Ute Lot-Heumann _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Paul Milliman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (Enter Date) _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (Enter Date) Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Dissertation Director: Susan C. Karant-Nunn ________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Dissertation Director: Ute Lotz-Heumann 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Amy Newhouse 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation was written with the support of many individuals and institutions. Primary assistance was provided by the Division for Late Medieval and Reformation Studies and the History Department at the University of Arizona. Long-term research in Germany was possible through fellowships from the Ora DeConcini Martin and Morris Martin Scholarship, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), and Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG). I would like to thank the late Dr. Gerhard Rechter and Dr. Peter Fleischman for their guidance at the Staatsarchiv Nürnberg; Dr. Christine Sauer at the Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg; and Dr. Michael Diefenbacher at the Stadtsarchiv Nürnberg. I am particularly grateful for special access to the Johannes Müllner Chronicle from Herr Diefenbacher. I would also like to thank Bertold von Haller for entrance and a special tour of the Haller family estate and archives in Grossgründlach. For administration and research support in Germany, I need to thank Prof. Dr. Irene Dingel, Dr. Henning Jürgens, and Ulrike Moritz at the IEG, and Prof. Dr. Birgit Emich at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. In the writing of this work special inspiration and editorial assistance was offered by Paul Milliman, Fritz Dross, Hannah Murphy, Mitchell Lewis Hammond, Richard Eaton, Leslie Newhouse, Hersh Sangani, Patrick Allen, Lisa Gollenberg, Adam Wagner, Kate Cotnam, and Elizabeth Nicole Garcia. This dissertation would not have been possible without the unending support and direction of my advisors Susan C. Karant-Nunn and Ute Lotz-Heumann. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to my family: Shannon and Dustin Laich (Summer, Alissa, and Drew) and Nancy and Matt Sorrell (Anna, Elizabeth, Rebeca and Benjamin) for their continual encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank my parents Linda and Leslie Newhouse for not only providing occasional practical assistance but for always being in my cheering section. 5 CONTENTS FRONT MATTER LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 11 PART 1. OUTSIDE THE WALLS Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATION OF NUREMBERG’S LEPROSY HOSPITALS 41 Chapter 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE PLAGUE AND SYPHILIS HOSPITALS 77 PART II. WORKING BODIES AS MOBILE BOUNDARIES Chapter 3. WORKERS ACTING AS BUFFERS IN THE HOSPITALS 129 Chapter 4. WORKERS PROCESSING AND PURGING IN THE CITY 165 PART III. THE BOUNDS OF RESOURCES Chapter 5. ON FOOD, FINANCES, AND FAITH 200 PART IV. THE BODY OF CHRIST Chapter 6. ON SPIRITUAL AND BODILY CARE 251 CONCLUSION 326 BIBLIOGRAPHY 344 6 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Dudelsackpfeiffer – Dudelsackpfeiffer-Brunnen, bronze sculpture, c 1880 (replica 1959). Unschlittplatz, Nuremberg. 12 2. Nuremberg - Georg Nöttelein “Karte des Waldbesitzes der Reichsstadt Nürnberg” chalcography. 1562/63. Bavarikon, accessed April 14, 2015. http://www.bavarikon.de/de/image/kpbO-GDA-OBJ-0000000000000027#. 13 3. Nuremberg’s walls - Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, “Nuremberga” painted woodcut, 1493. 41 4. Leper houses- Johann Alexander Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” chalcography. Stadtbib N. Stoer. 1259. (edits are mine). 51 5. Jesus and the Leper - StadtAN A 1-4 Nr. 3 1. 54 6. Excerpt Lepraschau Confession – Excerpt “Lepraschau 1493 Broadsheet” woodcut, 1483. Reprinted in Luke Demaitre, Leprosy in Premodern Medicine: A Malady of the Whole Body (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 48. The Broadsheet was originally published in Casimir Tollet, les edifices hospitalier depuis leur origine jusqu’à nos jours (Paris, 1892), 45. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. 57 7. Map Nöttlein Hallerwiese - Edited from George Nöttlein “1563/1564 Stadtplan von Nürnberg,” drawing, 1563/4. Stadtatlas Nürnberg: Karten und Modelle von 1492 bis heute, Franz Schiermeier Verlag, accessed April 14 2014, http://www.stadtatlas-muenchen.de/stadtatlas-nuernberg/1563-nuernberg-stadtplan- georg-noettelein.html. (edits are mine). 61 8. Leprous Woman - StadtAN A 1-4 Nr. 31. 63 9. Excerpt Lepraschau Feast – Excerpt from “Lepraschau 1493 Broadsheet.” 64 10. Siechhaus - “Nürnberg, Partie an der Pegnitz” postcard, 1903. 66 11. Map Nöttlein Neu Bau - George Nöttlein “1563/1564 Stadtplan von Nürnberg,” drawning, 1563/4. (edits are mine). 67 12. Diagram - Georg Ketzl, “Diagram,” sketch, 1558. StadtAN A26 Rep 90 Nr.1 09 53. 72 7 13. Lazaret - “Lazaret” sketch, 161 . Reprinted in St. Johannis: Geschichte eines Stadtteils (Nuremberg: Sandberg, 2000), 86. 97 14. Dürer’s Syphilitic Man - Albrecht Dürer, “The Syphilitic Man,” painted woodcut, c.1496. 103 15. Map Syphilis Geography - Edited from Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” chalcography. Stadtbib N. Stoer. 1 59. 121 16. Home Remedy - StB. N Med 86.4˚. 133 17. Diagram of Sebastian’s - Charlotte Bühl and Georg Ruhl, “Grundriß: Erdgeschoß des Sebastianslazaretts nach Sebald Schreyers Beschreibung” computer image, 1990. Charlotte Bühl, “Die Pestepidemien des ausgehenden Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit in Nürnberg (1483/4 bis 1533/34)” in Nürnberg und Bern: Zwei Reichsstädte und ihre Landgebiete, eds. Urs Martin Zahnd and Rudolf Endres Erlangen: niversit tsbund Erlangen-Nuremberg, 1990), 148. 143 18. Body Carriers - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613, illustrated chronicle, c.1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 48r. 165 19. Path to Lazaret - Andres Albrecht and Paul Pfinzing d.j. “Geomertischer Grundriß: “Was von dem Hallerthrlein am Wasserflüs der Pegnitz, ” painted drawing. Stb N. B.I.1 172 20. Map Blue Arrows - Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte.” (edits are mine). 173 21. Map Red Arrows - Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” edits are mine). 177 22. Map Yellow Arrows - Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” edits are mine). 179 23. Body Carriers 2 - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 100r. 197 24. Poor Food - Pieter Bruegel, Fat Cuisine, sketch, 1563. 203 25. Rich Food - Pieter Bruegel, A Poor Man’s Banquet, sketch, 1563. 204 26. Beaneater - Annabale Carracci, The Beaneater, oil painting, 1583-1585. 208 27. Food measures - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 87r. 225 8 28. Excerpt Lepraschau Feast – Excerpt from “Lepraschau 1493 Broadsheet.” 247 29. Flagellant - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 25r. 259 30. Ars Moriendi – “Ars Moriendi (The Art of Dying),” woodcut, c.1470. Web Gallery of Art. Accessed March 16, 2015. http://www.wga.hu/html_m/m/master/zunk_ge/zunk_ge5/1arsmori.html. 261 31. Chart 1 – Regular Maintenance. 263 32. Chart 2 – Sacrament and Devotion. 263 33. Haller - “Dormition of Mary: for the widow of Wilhelm Haller,” oil painting, c. 1490. Picture taken with permission from the Haller 265 Estate Grossgründlach, Germany. 34. Jesus and Leper 2 – StadtAN A21 Nr. 31 1r. 267
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ratner Kills Mr
    Brooklyn’s Real Newspaper BrooklynPaper.com • (718) 834–9350 • Brooklyn, NY • ©2008 BROOKLYN HEIGHTS–DOWNTOWN–NORTH BROOKLYN AWP/18 pages • Vol. 31, No. 8/9 • Feb. 23/March 1, 2008 • FREE INCLUDING CARROLL GARDENS, COBBLE HILL, BOERUM HILL, DUMBO, WILLIAMSBURG AND GREENPOINT RATNER KILLS MR. BROOKLYN By Gersh Kuntzman EXCLUSIVE right now,” said Yassky (D– The Brooklyn Paper Brooklyn Heights). “Look, a lot of developers are re-evalut- Developer Bruce Ratner costs had escalated and the num- ing their numbers and feel that has pulled out of a deal with bers showed that we should residential buildings don’t City Tech that could have net not go down that road,” added work right now,” he said. him hundreds of millions of the executive, who did not wish Yassky called Ratner’s dollars and allowed him to to be identified. withdrawal “good news” for build the city’s tallest resi- Costs had indeed escalated. Brooklyn. dential tower, the so-called In 2005, CUNY agreed to pay “A residential building at Mr. Brooklyn, The Brooklyn Ratner $86 million to build the that corner was an awkward Paper has learned. 11- to 14-story classroom-dor- fit,” said Yassky. “A lot of plan- “It was a mutual decision,” mitory and also to hand over ners see that site as ideal for a said a key executive at the City the lucrative development site significant office building.” University of New York, which where City Tech’s Klitgord Forest City Ratner did not would have paid Ratner $300 Auditorium now sits. return two messages from The million to build a new dorm Then in December, CUNY Brooklyn Paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Walls but on the Rampart Underneath and the Ditch Surrounding Them
    A walk through 1,900 years of history The Bar Walls of York are the finest and most complete of any town in England. There are five main “bars” (big gateways), one postern (a small gateway) one Victorian gateway, and 45 towers. At two miles (3.4 kilometres), they are also the longest town walls in the country. Allow two hours to walk around the entire circuit. In medieval times the defence of the city relied not just on the walls but on the rampart underneath and the ditch surrounding them. The ditch, which has been filled in almost everywhere, was once 60 feet (18.3m) wide and 10 feet (3m) deep! The Walls are generally 13 feet (4m) high and 6 feet (1.8m) wide. The rampart on which they stand is up to 30 feet high (9m) and 100 feet (30m) wide and conceals the earlier defences built by Romans, Vikings and Normans. The Roman defences The Normans In AD71 the Roman 9th Legion arrived at the strategic spot where It took William The Conqueror two years to move north after his the rivers Ouse and Foss met. They quickly set about building a victory at the Battle of Hastings in 1066. In 1068 anti-Norman sound set of defences, as the local tribe –the Brigantes – were not sentiment in the north was gathering steam around York. very friendly. However, when William marched north to quell the potential for rebellion his advance caused such alarm that he entered the city The first defences were simple: a ditch, an embankment made of unopposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Archival Spirit Society of American Archivists July, 2017
    Archivists of Religious Collections Section, of the The Archival Spirit Society of American Archivists July, 2017 What’s Inside From the Chair From the Chair 1 Dear Colleagues, Newsworthy 2 Thank you for allowing me to chair ARCS for the past year. It’s been an honor to Digitization Project work for and among you all and to meet you at our annual sessions. I look forward Preserving Century of Catholic newspapers to continuing these relationships, collaborating with you in the future as well. and Newsfeeds This is a difficult time for archives in general and certainly a trying time for 3 Mary’s Gardens at the religious archives since, to bend a cliché, we are the designated “keepers of the University of Dayton faiths” – all of them. In spite of public opinion, decreased funding, and what at 4 times seems like the rejection of history, we mustn’t be disheartened. We need to Pitts Theology Library and give our all to get the job done anyway, as hard as that may sometimes be. We the 500th Anniversary of the Protestant Reformation need more than ever to stand shoulder to shoulder, helping each other by sharing our expertise and experience. When we are told “no, you can’t,” we should New Collections at the Billy respond loudly, “yes, we will.” Graham Center Archives of Wheaton College There is always hope in the pendulum theory of time – what swings to one extreme will eventually swing back. Until then, we need to protect who we are Essay 5 and what we hold.
    [Show full text]
  • Figure 56A-B. Professors Theodore Allen Heinrich and Brayton Polka (York University), Bird Watching in Peru.1
    Figure 56a-b. Professors Theodore Allen Heinrich and Brayton Polka (York University), bird watching in Peru.1 1 19. Domains of Study and Mentors For the first sixteen years of my education, study was simply a passive exercise, doing the homework that others had imposed. The teachers were the bearers of knowledge: I was simply a receptacle. If I was a sufficiently good receptacle, I would one day know all there was to be known, at least in my field of study. 20.1 Undergraduate (1966-1969) In the second year of university, I took a course with Professor Theodor Allen Heinrich (fig.56a). He was an American, had studied with Roger Fry2, had been a Monuments Man during the war. He had found Nefertite (fig.10a) in a salt mine and carried her back to West Berlin three days before the new boundaries were set. He opened my eyes to the world of art. In the third year of university, I took a fourth-year course on intellectual history with Professor Brayton (Brady) Polka,3 who was also a “birder” (fig. 56b). It was a seminar. Each week we read a sample from a great thinker including Plotinus, Augustine, Abelard, Valla, Vico and each week we were plunged more deeply into the complexities of a Western tradition that continually built on Plato and Aristotle, while also transforming their original premisses. The most important thing that I learned was that the great texts were more than clever answers: The greater the text, the more it raised questions for which there were no simple answers.
    [Show full text]
  • How Is God Calling Us to Be a Christ-Centred Church That Is
    RESPONSES TO DISCERNMENT How is God calling us to be a Christ-centred Church that is prayerful and Eucharistic? Number of people in your Submission text group Prayerful & Eucharistic • An engaging homily that connects to daily life 5 • Engagement through music as a form of prayer and worship • Music that is simpler and connects to our message Concrete Actions: At Parish Level: Adult faith formation Faith sharing once a month Rosary Retreats eg New Norcia Invite speakers Bible Study for children, youth and adults Catechism for children Benediction Holy Hour Exposition of Blessed Sacrament Novena Keep Churches open 26 Booklets with suggested prayers Biblical movie night Special celebration of a Saint a month – Saint’s story to inspire us to do works in God’s name Youth mass Youth Groups Visiting parishioners and blessing of homes Volunteers to: - Support sick - Bring elderly to mass - Aged in own home - Meals - Companionship At Diocese Level: Have a Manual of each Parish with what was successful for other parishes to emulate SESSION 1 – PRAYERFUL & EUCHARISTIC Participants felt God revealed through His Son Jesus that we need to remain grafted to Him by keeping His commandments – To love one another as He loved us and laid down his life for us and like a branch cut off from the vine we too will not survive if we are cut off from Jesus. They felt that Jesus by washing of the feet showed that we are all equal in the eyes of God and upon this foundation we should build our love for one another.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Issues1 Wybrane Zespoły Bramne Na Śląsku
    TECHNICAL TRANSACTIONS 3/2019 ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING DOI: 10.4467/2353737XCT.19.032.10206 SUBMISSION OF THE FINAL VERSION: 15/02/2019 Andrzej Legendziewicz orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-296X [email protected] Faculty of Architecture, Wrocław University of Technology Selected city gates in Silesia – research issues1 Wybrane zespoły bramne na Śląsku – problematyka badawcza Abstract1 The conservation work performed on the city gates of some Silesian cities in recent years has offered the opportunity to undertake architectural research. The researchers’ interest was particularly aroused by towers which form the framing of entrances to old-town areas and which are also a reflection of the ambitious aspirations and changing tastes of townspeople and a result of the evolution of architectural forms. Some of the gate buildings were demolished in the 19th century as a result of city development. This article presents the results of research into selected city gates: Grobnicka Gate in Głubczyce, Górna Gate in Głuchołazy, Lewińska Gate in Grodków, Krakowska and Wrocławska Gates in Namysłów, and Dolna Gate in Prudnik. The obtained research material supported an attempt to verify the propositions published in literature concerning the evolution of military buildings in Silesia between the 14th century and the beginning of the 17th century. Relicts of objects that have not survived were identified in two cases. Keywords: Silesia, architecture, city walls, Gothic, the Renaissance Streszczenie Prace konserwatorskie prowadzone na bramach w niektórych miastach Śląska w ostatnich latach były okazją do przeprowadzenia badań architektonicznych. Zainteresowanie badaczy budziły zwłaszcza wieże, które tworzyły wejścia na obszary staromiejskie, a także były obrazem ambitnych aspiracji i zmieniających się gustów mieszczan oraz rezultatem ewolucji form architektonicznych.
    [Show full text]
  • The Response of Elite European Merchant Companies to European Expansion Into Asia and the Americas, C.1492-C.1530
    The Response of Elite European Merchant Companies to European Expansion into Asia and the Americas, c.1492-c.1530 Eleanor Marie Russell Pembroke College November 2019 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Declaration This thesis is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my thesis has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. 2 Abstract The Response of Elite European Merchant Companies to European Expansion into Asia and the Americas, c.1492-c.1530 Eleanor Marie Russell This thesis analyses the multi-national European merchant-banking companies who dominated European commerce at the beginning of European engagement with the Americas and with Asia via the Cape Route, focusing upon how they responded to these changes. In the first decades of the sixteenth century, it was these companies, mostly from southern Germany and the Italian city-states, who dominated the European trade in Asian and American goods, whose capital funded Spanish and Portuguese royal policies overseas, and whose agents played crucial roles in establishing the Spanish and Portuguese empires and colonial trade.
    [Show full text]
  • Philip Melanchthon in the Writings of His Polish Contemporaries
    ODRODZENIE I REFORMACJA W POLSCE ■ SI 2017 ■ PL ISSN 0029-8514 Janusz Tazbir Philip Melanchthon in the Writings of his Polish Contemporaries Over thirty years ago Oskar Bartel, a distinguished scholar of the history of the Polish Reformation, bemoaned how little was known about the relations between preceptor Germaniae and the movement. In an article about the familiarity with Melanchthon, both as person and his oeuvre, in Poland, Bartel wrote: “wir besitzen einige Werke, meist Broschüren über Luther, Calvin, sogar Hus und Zwingli, aber ich habe keine über Melanchton gefunden”.1 Bartel’s article provided a recapitulation, if somewhat incomplete, of the state of research at the time, and essentially stopped at the death of the Reformer. There- fore, in this study I would like to point to the results of the last thirty years of research, on the one hand, and highlight the post-mortem impact of Melanchthon’s writings and the reflection of his person in the memories of the next generations, on the other. The new information about the contacts Melanchthon had with Poland that has come to light since the 1960s is scattered across a number of articles or monographs; there is to date no separate study devoted to the German Reformer. Only a handful of contributions have been published. No wonder therefore that twenty years after the publication of Bartel’s article, Roman Nir begins his study of corre- spondence between Melanchthon and Krzycki thus: “Relatively little 1 O. Bartel, “Luther und Melanchton in Polen,” in: Luther und Melanchton. Refe­ rate und Berichte des Zweiten Internationalen Kongress für Lutherforschung, Münster, 8.–13.
    [Show full text]
  • Spiritual Aftereffects of Incongruous Near-Death Experiences: a Heuristic Approach
    SPIRITUAL AFTEREFFECTS OF INCONGRUOUS NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCES: A HEURISTIC APPROACH A dissertation presented to the Faculty of Saybrook University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Sciences by Robert Waxman San Francisco, California November 2012 UMI Number: 3552161 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI 3552161 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 UMI Number: All rights reserved © 2012 by Robert Waxman Approval of the Dissertation SPIRITUAL AFTEREFFECTS OF INCONGRUOUS NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCES: A HEURISTIC APPROACH This dissertation by Robert Waxman has been approved by the committee members below, who recommend it be accepted by the faculty of Saybrook University in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Human Sciences Dissertation Committee: ______________________________ ________________________ Robert McAndrews, Ph.D., Chair Date ______________________________ ________________________ Stanley Krippner, Ph.D. Date ______________________________ ________________________ Willson Williams, Ph.D. Date ii Abstract SPIRITUAL AFTEREFFECTS OF INCONGRUOUS NEAR-DEATH EXPERIENCES: A HEURISTIC APPROACH Robert Waxman Saybrook University Many individuals have experienced a transformation of their spirituality after a near-death experience (NDE).
    [Show full text]
  • Musical Assemblies: How Early Christian Music Functioned As A
    Musical Assemblies: How Early Christian music functioned as a Rhetorical Topos, a Mechanism of Recruitment, and a Fundamental Marker of an Emerging Christian Identity by Jade Brooklyn Weimer A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department for the Study of Religion University of Toronto © Copyright by Jade Brooklyn Weimer 2016 Musical Assemblies: How Early Christian music functioned as a Rhetorical Topos, a Mechanism of Recruitment, and a Fundamental Marker of an Emerging Christian Identity Jade Brooklyn Weimer Doctor of Philosophy Centre for the Study of Religion University of Toronto 2016 Abstract This dissertation examines the various ways in which early Christ-followers incorporated music into their religious discourse and ritual practice. Scholars have primarily focused on two particular areas of inquiry: the cultural and religious 'origins' of early Christian music and the history of music within the context of church liturgy. Music, however, played a much greater role within Christian assemblies than simply existing as part of religious liturgy. I contend that music helped shape an emerging Christian identity within early Christ-following assemblies and collective singing became a vital component in defining in-group and out-group boundaries. Early Christian writings also demonstrate that hymn compositions were used as pedagogical tools, rhetorical devices, and mechanisms of recruitment to attract new members. I begin by examining Greco-Roman and Jewish primary source materials that reference or describe the nature of musical practice in antiquity in order to contextualize my study of musical references in early Christian texts. The next section utilizes recent developments in cognitive science to illustrate the importance of collective singing in establishing a group identity, creating cohesive social bonds, and evoking particular emotional responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Office Market Profile
    Office Market Profile Nuremberg | 4th quarter 2019 Published in February 2020 Nuremberg Development of Main Indicators High take-up thanks to large-scale lettings Nuremberg’s off ice space market remained a sought-aft er business location. Positive net absorption confi rmed the steady growth of the Franconian city. The market was char- acterised by strong demand for off ice space, but also by low supply. For the fi rst time, there was a clear alignment of two submarkets in terms of the prime rent. In 2019, 133,600 sqm of off ice space was taken up on the Nuremberg off ice space market - almost double the previous this size category was concluded by Design Off ices GmbH in year’s result of 67,300 sqm and the third-best result within the the City Centre Fringe submarket (approx. 10,000 sqm). last ten years aft er 2016 (142,000 sqm) and 2017 (137,900 sqm). This strong performance was attributable to fi ve leases The Nuremberg real estate market remains a sought-aft er in the large-scale size category. With a total volume of 76,500 business location and continues to expand. Over the past 12 sqm, these lettings accounted for more than half of the overall months, this has been evident from the net absorption fi g- result. By far, the largest letting was concluded by the City of ure which has improved by 59,000 sqm in terms of the vol- Nuremberg in “The Q” (approx. 42,000 sqm). Another lease in ume of occupied off ice space.
    [Show full text]
  • Johann Tetzel in Order to Pay for Expanding His Authority to the Electorate of Mainz
    THE IMAGE OF A FRACTURED CHURCH AT 500 YEARS CURATED BY DR. ARMIN SIEDLECKI FEB 24 - JULY 7, 2017 THE IMAGE OF A FRACTURED CHURCH AT 500 YEARS Five hundred years ago, on October 31, 1517, Martin Luther published his Ninety-Five Theses, a series of statements and proposals about the power of indulgences and the nature of repentance, forgiveness and salvation. Originally intended for academic debate, the document quickly gained popularity, garnering praise and condemnation alike, and is generally seen as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. This exhibit presents the context of Martin Luther’s Theses, the role of indulgences in sixteenth century religious life and the use of disputations in theological education. Shown also are the early responses to Luther’s theses by both his supporters and his opponents, the impact of Luther’s Reformation, including the iconic legacy of Luther’s actions as well as current attempts by Catholics and Protestants to find common ground. Case 1: Indulgences In Catholic teaching, indulgences do not effect the forgiveness of sins but rather serve to reduce the punishment for sins that have already been forgiven. The sale of indulgences was initially intended to defray the cost of building the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome and was understood as a work of charity, because it provided monetary support for the church. Problems arose when Albert of Brandenburg – a cardinal and archbishop of Magdeburg – began selling indulgences aggressively with the help of Johann Tetzel in order to pay for expanding his authority to the Electorate of Mainz. 2 Albert of Brandenburg, Archbishop of Mainz Unused Indulgence (Leipzig: Melchior Lotter, 1515?) 1 sheet ; 30.2 x 21 cm.
    [Show full text]