Outside the Walls: Civic Belonging and Contagious Disease in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Newhouse, Amy Melinda Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 01:22:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579035 1 OUTSIDE THE WALLS: CIVIC BELONGING AND CONTAGIOUS DISEASE IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY NUREMBERG by Amy Newhouse __________________________ Copyright © Amy Newhouse 2015 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2015 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Amy Newhouse, titled Outside the Walls: Civic Belonging and Contagious Disease in Sixteenth-Century Nuremberg and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Susan C. Karant-Nunn _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Ute Lot-Heumann _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Paul Milliman _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (Enter Date) _______________________________________________________________________ Date: (Enter Date) Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Dissertation Director: Susan C. Karant-Nunn ________________________________________________ Date: (5/14/2015) Dissertation Director: Ute Lotz-Heumann 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Amy Newhouse 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation was written with the support of many individuals and institutions. Primary assistance was provided by the Division for Late Medieval and Reformation Studies and the History Department at the University of Arizona. Long-term research in Germany was possible through fellowships from the Ora DeConcini Martin and Morris Martin Scholarship, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), and Leibniz Institute of European History (IEG). I would like to thank the late Dr. Gerhard Rechter and Dr. Peter Fleischman for their guidance at the Staatsarchiv Nürnberg; Dr. Christine Sauer at the Stadtbibliothek Nürnberg; and Dr. Michael Diefenbacher at the Stadtsarchiv Nürnberg. I am particularly grateful for special access to the Johannes Müllner Chronicle from Herr Diefenbacher. I would also like to thank Bertold von Haller for entrance and a special tour of the Haller family estate and archives in Grossgründlach. For administration and research support in Germany, I need to thank Prof. Dr. Irene Dingel, Dr. Henning Jürgens, and Ulrike Moritz at the IEG, and Prof. Dr. Birgit Emich at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. In the writing of this work special inspiration and editorial assistance was offered by Paul Milliman, Fritz Dross, Hannah Murphy, Mitchell Lewis Hammond, Richard Eaton, Leslie Newhouse, Hersh Sangani, Patrick Allen, Lisa Gollenberg, Adam Wagner, Kate Cotnam, and Elizabeth Nicole Garcia. This dissertation would not have been possible without the unending support and direction of my advisors Susan C. Karant-Nunn and Ute Lotz-Heumann. I also owe a great debt of gratitude to my family: Shannon and Dustin Laich (Summer, Alissa, and Drew) and Nancy and Matt Sorrell (Anna, Elizabeth, Rebeca and Benjamin) for their continual encouragement. Finally, I would like to thank my parents Linda and Leslie Newhouse for not only providing occasional practical assistance but for always being in my cheering section. 5 CONTENTS FRONT MATTER LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 6 INTRODUCTION 11 PART 1. OUTSIDE THE WALLS Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATION OF NUREMBERG’S LEPROSY HOSPITALS 41 Chapter 2. THE FOUNDATION OF THE PLAGUE AND SYPHILIS HOSPITALS 77 PART II. WORKING BODIES AS MOBILE BOUNDARIES Chapter 3. WORKERS ACTING AS BUFFERS IN THE HOSPITALS 129 Chapter 4. WORKERS PROCESSING AND PURGING IN THE CITY 165 PART III. THE BOUNDS OF RESOURCES Chapter 5. ON FOOD, FINANCES, AND FAITH 200 PART IV. THE BODY OF CHRIST Chapter 6. ON SPIRITUAL AND BODILY CARE 251 CONCLUSION 326 BIBLIOGRAPHY 344 6 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Dudelsackpfeiffer – Dudelsackpfeiffer-Brunnen, bronze sculpture, c 1880 (replica 1959). Unschlittplatz, Nuremberg. 12 2. Nuremberg - Georg Nöttelein “Karte des Waldbesitzes der Reichsstadt Nürnberg” chalcography. 1562/63. Bavarikon, accessed April 14, 2015. http://www.bavarikon.de/de/image/kpbO-GDA-OBJ-0000000000000027#. 13 3. Nuremberg’s walls - Michael Wolgemut and Wilhelm Pleydenwurff, “Nuremberga” painted woodcut, 1493. 41 4. Leper houses- Johann Alexander Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” chalcography. Stadtbib N. Stoer. 1259. (edits are mine). 51 5. Jesus and the Leper - StadtAN A 1-4 Nr. 3 1. 54 6. Excerpt Lepraschau Confession – Excerpt “Lepraschau 1493 Broadsheet” woodcut, 1483. Reprinted in Luke Demaitre, Leprosy in Premodern Medicine: A Malady of the Whole Body (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007), 48. The Broadsheet was originally published in Casimir Tollet, les edifices hospitalier depuis leur origine jusqu’à nos jours (Paris, 1892), 45. National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland. 57 7. Map Nöttlein Hallerwiese - Edited from George Nöttlein “1563/1564 Stadtplan von Nürnberg,” drawing, 1563/4. Stadtatlas Nürnberg: Karten und Modelle von 1492 bis heute, Franz Schiermeier Verlag, accessed April 14 2014, http://www.stadtatlas-muenchen.de/stadtatlas-nuernberg/1563-nuernberg-stadtplan- georg-noettelein.html. (edits are mine). 61 8. Leprous Woman - StadtAN A 1-4 Nr. 31. 63 9. Excerpt Lepraschau Feast – Excerpt from “Lepraschau 1493 Broadsheet.” 64 10. Siechhaus - “Nürnberg, Partie an der Pegnitz” postcard, 1903. 66 11. Map Nöttlein Neu Bau - George Nöttlein “1563/1564 Stadtplan von Nürnberg,” drawning, 1563/4. (edits are mine). 67 12. Diagram - Georg Ketzl, “Diagram,” sketch, 1558. StadtAN A26 Rep 90 Nr.1 09 53. 72 7 13. Lazaret - “Lazaret” sketch, 161 . Reprinted in St. Johannis: Geschichte eines Stadtteils (Nuremberg: Sandberg, 2000), 86. 97 14. Dürer’s Syphilitic Man - Albrecht Dürer, “The Syphilitic Man,” painted woodcut, c.1496. 103 15. Map Syphilis Geography - Edited from Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” chalcography. Stadtbib N. Stoer. 1 59. 121 16. Home Remedy - StB. N Med 86.4˚. 133 17. Diagram of Sebastian’s - Charlotte Bühl and Georg Ruhl, “Grundriß: Erdgeschoß des Sebastianslazaretts nach Sebald Schreyers Beschreibung” computer image, 1990. Charlotte Bühl, “Die Pestepidemien des ausgehenden Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit in Nürnberg (1483/4 bis 1533/34)” in Nürnberg und Bern: Zwei Reichsstädte und ihre Landgebiete, eds. Urs Martin Zahnd and Rudolf Endres Erlangen: niversit tsbund Erlangen-Nuremberg, 1990), 148. 143 18. Body Carriers - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613, illustrated chronicle, c.1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 48r. 165 19. Path to Lazaret - Andres Albrecht and Paul Pfinzing d.j. “Geomertischer Grundriß: “Was von dem Hallerthrlein am Wasserflüs der Pegnitz, ” painted drawing. Stb N. B.I.1 172 20. Map Blue Arrows - Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte.” (edits are mine). 173 21. Map Red Arrows - Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” edits are mine). 177 22. Map Yellow Arrows - Boener “Nürnberg Prospecte,” edits are mine). 179 23. Body Carriers 2 - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 100r. 197 24. Poor Food - Pieter Bruegel, Fat Cuisine, sketch, 1563. 203 25. Rich Food - Pieter Bruegel, A Poor Man’s Banquet, sketch, 1563. 204 26. Beaneater - Annabale Carracci, The Beaneater, oil painting, 1583-1585. 208 27. Food measures - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 87r. 225 8 28. Excerpt Lepraschau Feast – Excerpt from “Lepraschau 1493 Broadsheet.” 247 29. Flagellant - Neubauerschen Chronik um 1613. StadtAN F1 Nr. 42 25r. 259 30. Ars Moriendi – “Ars Moriendi (The Art of Dying),” woodcut, c.1470. Web Gallery of Art. Accessed March 16, 2015. http://www.wga.hu/html_m/m/master/zunk_ge/zunk_ge5/1arsmori.html. 261 31. Chart 1 – Regular Maintenance. 263 32. Chart 2 – Sacrament and Devotion. 263 33. Haller - “Dormition of Mary: for the widow of Wilhelm Haller,” oil painting, c. 1490. Picture taken with permission from the Haller 265 Estate Grossgründlach, Germany. 34. Jesus and Leper 2 – StadtAN A21 Nr. 31 1r. 267