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The History of the Royal Company of Archers

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The History of the Royal Company of Archers Plate £. HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH AND O.UEENSBERRY, K.G., ETC. CAPTAIN -GENERAL OF THE ROYAL COMPANY OK ARCHERS, AND GOLD STICK OF SCOTLAND. IN THE MESS UNIFORM OF THE COMPANY. From the Portrait in Archers Hall, t,v Sir Francis Grout, P. ft..-1. r im mim$m OK THK (^ -J". Y Ei)t (Queen's Bolro=©uart» for ScotlanU l1Y JAMES BALFOUR PAUL ADVOCATE OF THK SCOTTISH BAH ONE OF THF. MEMBF.HS OF THE ROYAL COMPANY jpnblisbtb m1i1rr tbc Jutboritn :mi1 bn vlirrttion of tbt Council WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLXXV '*,/ ,1 37 1'K.NTKl BY Hll.i,I»M HI. UhV. t Kil) ASh miXs PREFACE. At an interval of nearly a hundred and fifty years since it was first talked of, the history of The Royal Company of Archers has been written, — with what success it is for the members of the Company, and those of the general public who may take any interest in the matter, to judge. The work, which has several times been taken in hand, but never till now completed, is simply a compilation from the minutes of meetings and other records, which have been kept with wonderful regularity since its embodi ment in 1676 ; these have been condensed as much as possible, a few remarks thrown in as connecting links, and some notes on the general history of Archery in Scotland inserted in the first chapter. The Royal Company may well be proud of the position which it at present holds. Few societies can boast of so long and so honourable an existence. It possesses authentic records covering a space of two centuries, and there is much reason to believe that the period of its original organisation extends considerably beyond the date of its first records. And it is yet far from sinking into the dotage of a too long extended life ; on the IV PREFACE. contrary, it not only exists with unimpaired vigour and undimin ished prestige, but with an increasing number of members, and a more and more widely-spread popularity. May it long continue to keep up its reputation both for skill in archery, and for un tarnished loyalty to that Sovereign Lady whose Body-Guard it has the honour to be ! CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE Claims of the Royal Company to have its history recorded— Early notices of the bow in Scripture — Egyptian bows — Homer's description of a bow — Ancient mode of shooting — Papingo competition described by Homer — The bow in Britain — Honourable Artillery Company — Progress of archery in England — Works upon archery — Roger Ascham, etc. — Archery in Scotland — Early Acts of Parliament on the subject — Discouragement of football and golf — The Scot tish Archer-Guard of France — Its mythical origin — Description of the body — Gradual decline — Scots Acts from James II. to James V. — "Christ's Kirk on the Green " — Decline of archery in Scotland as a military art — Queen Mary an archer — Ladies' archery clubs — Archers in the Royal Scots Regiment in 1699 — Old burgh arrows in Scotland — Institution of the Royal Company in 1676, . I CHAPTER II. First embodiment of Scottish Archers — Existence of an Archers' Company pre vious to 1676 — Early records of the Royal Company — Regulations for their government — Application to the Privy Council — Appointment of bowmaker — Captain-General the Marquess of Atholl — Uniform — Parade of 4th June 1677 — Competitions previous to 1676 — Tarbat elected Lieutenant-General — Blank in the history of the Company from 1679-1703 — Probable existence of the Com pany during that period — Tarbat appointed Captain-General — Shooting at the goose — New charter granted to the Company by Queen Anne — Letter of thanks to the Captain-General, . .18 CHAPTER III. Continued prosperity of the Company — Prize of Edinburgh Arrow instituted — Letter from the Earl of Cromarty — Public march— Butts at the Parliament House — Another letter from the Captain-General — Rule anent shooting — Uni form fixed upon — Chaplain appointed — Colours presented by officers — Grand VI CONTENTS. march to Leith, 1714 — Arrangements with bowmakers — Death of the Captain- General — Appointment of the Earl of Wemyss — Another march — The Royal Company attend the theatre — Expense of a last-century dinner — Death of the Earl of Wemyss — His son the first winner of the silver punch-bowl — Duke of Hamilton and Brandon appointed Captain-General — Allan Ramsay — Mussel burgh Arrow — Public march to shoot for Edinburgh Arrow — Yews procured from Loch Lomond— History of the Company proposed to be written, 1728 — New colours got, and grand march — The Governor of Damascus — March and court-martial of officers— David Beatt — Freebairn's French poem, . 45 CHAPTER IV. Death of David Drummond, President of the Council — Poem in memory of him — Other verses in connection with him — Parade of Royal Company and ball — Death of the Duke of Hamilton, and appointment of the Earl of Wemyss as Captain-General — Royal Archers in the '45 — Lockhart of Carnwath — Expul sion of Murray of Broughton — Various prizes presented by private members — Dr Nathaniel Spens — Silver bowl enlarged — Maitland's History of Edin burgh — Death of Lord Wemyss, and appointment of the Duke of Queensberry as Captain-General — George Neilson — Angelo Tremomondo — Dr Carlyle — Archers' Hall built — Theatre patronised by the Royal Company — St Clair of Roslin — Indian long-bow — Ballot for entry introduced — Death of the Captain- General, and appointment of the Duke of Buccleuch — Stamping bows — Good shooting — Reindeer horns presented — Peebles Arrow — Distinguished intrants — Councillors' medals presented — Diploma from the Toxopholite Society, and answer from the Royal Company — " Two strings to your bow," . 75 CHAPTER V. Proposed history of the Company by Hugo Arnot and Alexander Brown — King's Prize instituted — Diploma to and from the Woodmen of Arden — Entry-money raised — Uniform changed — Dr Spens' portrait — Ludicrous duel — Riots in Edin burgh — Declaration of loyalty — "Pagoda" medals — Incidents of shooting — Wonderful shot of the Turkish Ambassador's Secretary at London — Sir James Pringle's portrait — Bugle-horn — Dinner-meetings altered — Mungo Park — Position and strength of the Company in 1805 — Earl Moira — Dr Spens elected President of the Council — Captain-General the Duke of Buccleuch succeeded by his son — Another alteration in the uniform — Snuff-boxes given as prizes — Challenge by the bachelors of the Company — Lord Elibank elected President of the Council — Address to the Prince Regent — Selkirk Arrow — North Amer ican Indians at Archers' Hall — Their mode of shooting — Performances at the theatre, .......... 106 CHAPTER VI. Notes of shooting — Earl of Hopetoun elected Captain-General— Earl of Dalhousie made President of the Council— Dinner to Dr Duncan— The King's visit to Scotland, 1822— Royal Company appointed Body-guard to his Majesty— Ar rangements for performing the duties — Alteration of uniform — Entry of CONTENTS. Vll George IV. into Edinburgh — Performing the "Reddendo" by presentation of barbed arrows to the King — Levee at Holyrood — Address to the King— Pro cession from Holyrood to the Castle — Letter to the Captain General — The Archers attend the embarkation of his Majesty at Hopetoun — Portrait of the Earl of Hopetoun — The Hopetoun royal commemoration vase presented by the Captain-General — Excursion to Selkirk and Peebles — A "bottomless riddle " — Death of Lord Hopetoun — The Royal Company offer to attend his funeral — Duke of Montrose appointed Captain-General — Dinner in his honour nearly interfered with by great fire in Edinburgh — Bust of the King presented by the Captain-General — Court-dress of the Company — Presentation of gold stick by the King — Qualification of membership altered, . 139 CHAPTER VII. Dinner arrangements — Disturbance among the members, 1829 — Member expelled —Question as to powers of Council — Memorial to counsel on the subject, and answers thereto — Two members of Council challenged — End of dispute — Report of committee on uniform — Remarks on the report — Early tartan dress — Letter from Oliphant of Gask' — Border-green cloth adopted — Dispute with the tacksman of the Meadows — Death of George IV., and proclamation of his successor — Presentation of official staffs by William IV. — Resignation of the Captain-General — Earl of Dalhousie elected to the vacant office — Royal Com pany put on the same footing as the Life-Guards as regards gold and silver sticks — Claim of Kilwinning Archers to guard the King in the west of Scotland — Disposal of the claims — Alteration of court-dress — Duke of Buc- cleuch elected President of the Council— Coronation of the King — Position of the Duke of Buccleuch at the ceremony as Gold Stick of Scotland — Fees of entry raised, .......... 169 CHAPTER VIII. Return of Captain-General from India — Ceremony of presenting the colours given by the King to the Company — Picture of the Captain -General receiving the colours — Spens Medal — Dalhousie Sword — Appointment of officers — Misunderstanding about the Selkirk Arrow — Sword added to uniform — Band resolved on — Death of the King, and proclamation of Queen Victoria — Death of the Captain-General — Offer to attend his funeral declined— Appointment of the Duke of Buccleuch as his successor — Fees of admission raised to £25 — Captain-General takes his place as Gold Stick of Scotland at the coronation — Prize-Badges introduced — Valuable bows — Visit of the Queen to Scotland — Account of the services performed by the Body-guard on that occasion — Pre sentation of the " Reddendo " of barbed arrows — Chinese standards presented — Curious match between an
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