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Children's Rights and the Media

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Children's Rights and the Media Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture Volume 28 (2009) No. 3 IN THIS ISSUE Children’s Rights and the Media Katharine Heintz, Guest Editor Santa Clara University AQUARTERLY REVIEW OF COMMUNICATION RESEARCH ISSN: 0144-4646 Communication Research Trends Volume 28 (2009) Number 3 Table of Contents http://cscc.scu.edu Children’s Rights and the Media Published four times a year by the Centre for the Study of Introduction . 3 Communication and Culture (CSCC), sponsored by the Guest Editor’s Introduction . 4 California Province of the Society of Jesus. Copyright 2009. ISSN 0144-4646 Rethinking and Reframing Media Effects in the Context of Children’s Rights: Editor: William E. Biernatzki, S.J. A New Paradigm Managing Editor: Paul A. Soukup, S.J. Michael Rich . 7 Subscription: Annual subscription (Vol. 28) US$50 A Rationale for Positive Online Content for Children Payment by check, MasterCard, Visa or US$ preferred. Sonia Livingstone . 12 For payments by MasterCard or Visa, send full account number, expiration date, name on account, and signature. Television as a “Safe Space” for Children: The Views of Producers around the World Checks and/or International Money Orders (drawn on Dafna Lemish . 17 USA banks; for non-USA banks, add $10 for handling) should be made payable to Communication Research Youth Media around the World: Implications Trends and sent to the managing editor for Communication and Media Studies Paul A. Soukup, S.J. JoEllen Fisherkeller . 21 Communication Department Santa Clara University Creating Global Citizens: The Panwapa Project 500 El Camino Real June H. Lee & Charlotte F. Cole . 25 Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA Transfer by wire: Contact the managing editor. Add $10 Convention on Television Broadcasting for handling. for Children and Youth: A Case Study of Academic-Professional Collaboration in Israel Address all correspondence to the managing editor at the Dafna Lemish . 31 address shown above. Tel: +1-408-554-5498 References . 33 Fax: +1-408-554-4913 Added Bibliography . 27 email: [email protected] Book Reviews . 42 The Centre for the Study of Communication and Culture (CSCC) is an international service of the Society of Jesus established in 1977 and currently managed by the California Province of the Society of Jesus, P.O. Box 519, Los Gatos, CA 95031-0519. 2— VOLUME 28 (2008) NO. 3 COMMUNICATION RESEARCH TRENDS Children’s Rights and the Media Introduction The United Nations Convention on the Rights of (c) Encourage the production and dissemina- the Child, approved almost 20 years ago in November tion of children’s books; 1989, extended the Universal Declaration of Human (d) Encourage the mass media to have partic- Rights by acknowledging “that childhood is entitled to ular regard to the linguistic needs of the child special care and assistance” (United Nations, 1989, who belongs to a minority group or who is ¶5). World bodies had already stated as much in “the indigenous; (e) Encourage the development of appropri- Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child of 1924 ate guidelines for the protection of the child and in the Declaration of the Rights of the Child adopt- from information and material injurious to his or ed by the General Assembly on 20 November 1959” her well-being, bearing in mind the provisions of (¶9). Among the rights of the child, this Convention articles 13 and 18. (United Nations, 1989). included communication rights. Article 12 acknowledges that a child has a right to In the years following the ratification of the expression in proceedings affecting the child. Article 13 Convention on the Rights of the Child, international extends this more generally to communication; it reads: groups have explored these communication rights and duties more directly. One, MAGIC (Media Activities 1. The child shall have the right to freedom of and Good Ideas by, with, and for Children), developed expression; this right shall include freedom to from the Oslo Challenge Network, a UNICEF working seek, receive, and impart information and ideas group. This group explored the issues connected with of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, children’s communication rights. in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of the child’s choice. In November 1999, young people involved in 2. The exercise of this right may be subject to media projects, media professionals, and child certain restrictions, but these shall only be such rights experts gathered in the Norwegian capital as are provided by law and are necessary: Oslo to discuss the role the media can play in the (a) For respect of the rights or reputations of development of children’s rights throughout the others; or world, under five headings: (b) For the protection of national security or • Children’s right of access to the media, of public order (ordre public), or of public health including new media or morals. • Children’s right to media education and lit- eracy Article 17 adds to this: • Children’s right to participate in the media States Parties recognize the important function • Children’s right to protection from harm in performed by the mass media and shall ensure the media and violence on the screen that the child has access to information and • The media’s role in protecting and promot- material from a diversity of national and interna- ing children’s rights (MAGIC, n.d., briefing) tional sources, especially those aimed at the pro- The group issued what became known as the Oslo motion of his or her social, spiritual, and moral well-being and physical and mental health. To Challenge, a comprehensive examination of the rights this end, States Parties shall: of children vis-à-vis communication. The Challenge (a) Encourage the mass media to disseminate addresses governments, organizations, and individuals information and material of social and cultural working for children, media professionals, children and benefit to the child and in accordance with the young people themselves, media owners and the pri- spirit of article 29; vate sector, and parents, teachers, and researchers (b) Encourage international co-operation in (MAGIC, n.d., Oslo). the production, exchange, and dissemination of Professional media organizations have accepted such information and material from a diversity different parts of the challenge. The International of cultural, national, and international sources; Federation of Journalists developed “Guidelines and COMMUNICATION RESEARCH TRENDS VOLUME 28 (2009) NO. 3 — 3 Principles for Reporting on Issues Involving Children” (AIBD) has produced materials reviewing children’s at a meeting in Recife, Brazil in 1998 (IFJ, 1998). rights and the media. These include an historical Among other things, these call on journalists to work overview of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, with an awareness of the “vulnerable situation of chil- a description of particular challenges to the mass media, dren” and act with the “highest ethical standards.” and a plan of action (Mahkonan, 2006). Each of these Among their guidelines, they include the following: organizations has concentrated primarily on reporting 1. strive for standards of excellence in terms of about children. They acknowledge that children have accuracy and sensitivity when reporting on special rights as subjects of media coverage. issues involving children; Various religious entities, including the Centre for 2. avoid programming and publication of images the Study of Communication and Culture, the publish- which intrude upon the media space of children er of COMMUNICATION RESEARCH TRENDS, have typical- with information which is damaging to them; ly focused attention on media education and media lit- 3. avoid the use of stereotypes and sensational eracy (Kumar, 1985; Pungente & Biernatzki, 1993). presentation to promote journalistic material This year, SIGNIS, the World Catholic Association for involving children; Communication, expands its commitment to children 4. consider carefully the consequences of publi- by taking Children’s Rights as the theme for its 2009 cation of any material concerning children and World Congress. It plans to study them under three shall minimize harm to children; . headings: Current Global Issues on Human Rights and 6. give children, where possible, the right of access to media to express their own opinions Children’s Rights, Emerging Perspectives on Media without inducement of any kind; . and Social Transformation, and The Challenges of 9. use fair, open and straightforward methods for Growing Up in a Digital Age. obtaining pictures and, where possible, obtain Joining this effort, COMMUNICATION RESEARCH them with the knowledge and consent of chil- TRENDS offers this special issue on the theme of dren or a responsible adult, guardian, or carer; Children’s Rights and the Media. In a departure from 10. verify the credentials of any organization its usual format of one long review essay, Guest Editor purporting to speak for or to represent the inter- Katharine Heintz has invited five sets of scholars work- ests of children . (IFJ, 1998) ing with different aspects of media and children to The Soul City Institute for Health & Develop- introduce their work, particular projects, and the ment Communication in South Africa has published a important issues developed in relation to children’s similar resource guide for journalists, available as a free rights and communication. As usual, TRENDS has download (Singh, Naidoo, & Usdin, 2000). Finally, The assembled a bibliography to guide our readers in fur- Asia-Pacific Institute for Broadcast Development ther exploring these important topics. Guest Editor’s Introduction Katharine Heintz [email protected] Anniversaries are times that encourage reflection to modes of communication, although access is not and projection. We look back at what has happened equal for all children. Geographic, political, social, since the event being recognized, assess the current financial, and cultural circumstances all contribute to a state of affairs, and anticipate future challenges and global situation where some voices and perspectives opportunities.
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