Preliminary as a basis for language classification

01. we 24 11. hand 21. one 31. mouth 41. leaf 02. two 12. what 22. tooth 32. ear 42. kill 03. I 24 13. die 23. new 33. bird 43. foot 04. eye 14. heart 24. dry (e.g. of clothes) 34. bone 44. horn 05. thou 24 15. drink 25. eat 35. sun 45. hear 06. who 16. dog 26. tail 36. smoke 46. meat (as food) 07. fire 17. louse (head) 27. hair (of head) 37. tree 47. egg 08. tongue 18. moon 28. water 38. ashes 48. black 09. stone 19. fingernail 29. nose 39. rain 49. head 10. name 20. blood 30. not 25 40. star 50. night

Literature

Adams 1999 — Douglas Q. ADAMS. A Dictionary of Tocharian B. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Aikhenvald & Dixon 2001 — Areal Diffusion and Genetic Inheritance. Ed. by Alexandra Y. AIKHENVALD and R. M. W. DIXON. Oxford University Press. ASJP 2009 — André MÜLLER, Viveka VELUPILLAI, Søren WICHMANN, Cecil H. BROWN, Pamela BROWN, Eric W. HOLMAN, Dik BAKKER, Oleg BELYAEV, Dmitri EGOROV, Robert MAILHAMMER, Anthony GRANT, and Kofi YAKPO. ASJP World Language Tree of Lexical Similarity: Version 2. Available online at: http://email.eva.mpg.de/ ~wichmann/language_tree.htm (April 2009). Bastin, Coupez, & Mann 1999 — Yvonne BASTIN, André COUPEZ, Michael MANN. Continuity and Divergence in the Bantu Languages: Perspectives from a Lexicostatistic Study. Human Sciences Annals of the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Series in –8°, 162. Tervuren: RMCA. Baxter & Manaster-Ramer 2000 — W. BAXTER, A. MANASTER-RAMER. Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics // Time Depth in Historical Linguistics. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Re- search, Oxford Publishing Press, pp. 167–188. Bender 1998 — M. Lionel BENDER. The Eastern Jebel Languages of Sudan II. Comparative Lexicon // Afrika und Übersee, Band 81. Bergsland & Vogt 1962 — K. BERGSLAND, H. VOGT. On the Validity of // Current Anthropology, 3; pp. 115 — 153. Blažek 2006 — Vaclav BLAŽEK, Petra NOVOTNÁ. On Application of Glottochronology for Celtic Languages // Lin- guistica Brunensia. Sborník prací filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity A 54, pp. 71–100. Blažek 2008a — Vaclav BLAŽEK. On application of Glottochronology for Saharan Languages // Viva Africa 2007. Pro- ceedings of the IInd International Conference on African Studies (April 2007), ed. by Tomáš MACHALÍK & Jan ZÁHOŘÍK. Plzeň: Dryáda, pp. 19–38. Blažek 2008b: Vaclav BLAŽEK, Šárka KRPCOVÁ. On the Application of Glottochronology to Kartvelian languages // 12, pp. 125–133. Blust 2000 — Robert BLUST. Why lexicostatistics doesn’t work: the ‘universal constant’ hypothesis and the Aus- tronesian languages // Time Depth in Historical Linguistics. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Oxford Publishing Press, pp. 311–332. Burlak 2006 — Svetlana BURLAK. Kreol’skije jazyki i glottoxronologija [Creole Languages and Glottochronology] // Aspekty Komparativistiki 3 [Aspects of 3]. Moscow, RSUH, pp. 499–508. Campbell 1998 — Lyle CAMPBELL. Historical Linguistics. An introduction. Edinburgh University Press. Christiansen et al. 2009 — Morten H. CHRISTIANSEN, Chris COLLINS, Shimon EDELMAN. Language Universals: A Collaborative Project for the Language Sciences // Language Universals. Ed. by Morten H. CHRISTIANSEN, Chris COLLINS, Shimon EDELMAN. Oxford University Press, pp. 3–16. DEDR — T. BURROW, M. B. EMENEAU. A Dravidian Etymological Dictionary. Second edition. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

24 For personal pronouns, as an official exception, synonymity is allowed on the list by taking both the direct and indirect stem of the pronoun into account if they are suppletive (e. g. I — me). 25 Basic negation, particle or negative verbal stem/suffix.

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