An Introduction to Handicap Play by Larry Kaufman

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Introduction to Handicap Play by Larry Kaufman Front Cover Introduction to Handicap Play Larry Kaufman (amateur 5 Dan) July 2020 The bulk of the material in this document is authored by, and is the intellectual property of Larry Kaufman. It has been prepared with his permission but the copyright resides with him, and the document (which is 'protected'), may not be edited or changed in any way. There are no authorised 'alternative' versions – eg: translations. Larry Kaufman's original material is unchanged. 'Additional Material' may be updated periodically. For the current version, please see Eric Cheymol's Shogi page, or contact me at [email protected] This document is free and may be freely shared on a no-cost basis. If you have paid for this document, you have been ripped-off!! This release (July 2020) incorporates changes to the Bibliography and Shogi Resources section (p. 303). Table of Contents [5] Acknowledgments [6] Editors Preamble An Introduction to Handicap Play by Larry Kaufman [10] Introduction [20] Six Piece Handicap [39] Five Piece Left Handicap [51] Five Piece Right Handicap [64] Four Piece Handicap – Part 1 [93] Four Piece Handicap – Part 2 [111] Two Piece Handicap [121] Two Piece Handicap – Variation I [123] Two Piece Handicap – Variation II [130] Two Piece Handicap – Variation III [134] Two Piece Handicap – Variation IV [139] Two Piece Handicap – Variation V [143] Rook & Lance Handicap – Main Line [156] Rook & Lance Handicap – Blocking Lines [170] Rook & Lance Handicap – Other Lines [185] Rook Handicap [209] Bishop Handicap [257] Lance Handicap [275] Appendix: LK on the relative merits of Chess and Shogi Additional Material [281] Glossary of Shogi Terms [287] Computer Shogi [299] Shogi Equipment [303] Bibliography and other Shogi resources Acknowledgements. I am grateful to Larry Kaufman for granting permission to make this compilation of his articles on handicap Shogi play available in a single book format. Also, I am grateful to Eric Cheymol for hosting the compilation on his web site, thus making the compilation available to a wider audience. Thank you both! Any errors in the resulting text are entirely the responsibility of the editor! Editors Preamble. There is little material on handicap Shogi easily available in English. The two main sources of information of which I am aware are: a series of articles by Larry Kaufman (amateur 5- dan and Chess Grandmaster) which originally appeared on Eric Cheymol's web pages (http://www.eric.macshogi.com/). a series of articles in the now defunct magazine Shogi, published by the late George Hodges This document is an edited compilation of the first- mentioned articles by Larry Kaufman, who has given his permission for this version to be released publically. The rationale for creating the compilation in the first place was that I wished to gather this material together in one convenient place, in order that I can easily carry it around with me when I travel. My editing has been extensive, but largely 'cosmetic', and (I hope) unobtrusive, being mostly stylistic – capitalising piece names, re-numbering moves in the Japanese style, replacing black with Sente, white with Gote, etc. A very few textual errors have been detected and silently corrected.1 Otherwise, I have made very few changes to the original text. I have added a few footnotes to explain points which seemed (to me!) to be obscure, but I have tried hard to keep these to a minimum. I have added a significant number of additional diagrams (approx. 70). I hope these footnotes and extra diagrams clarify, rather than obscure the meaning of the text! I have numbered moves individually (in the Japanese style), in order to facilitate playing through the sequences with a Shogi program such as Shogidokoro.2 Playing through sequences of moves using such a program is extremely useful if you do not have a board and pieces to hand, (it also enabled me to detect some errors in the original text). However, do remember that (unfortunately!) in handicap games, Shogidokoro counts Gote's first move as 1 not 2, so the move numbers recorded by Shogidokoro are 'off by one'. Where individual moves, or sequences of moves (usually variations to the main line), are un-numbered, I have numbered them, or flagged them with a (Sente), or a (Gote). Move numbers for variations from the main line are 'greyed-out', or occasionally, the whole 1 These were at the level of adding a missing 'x' or '*' in a capture or drop, or correcting an erroneous move number. 2 I have experimented with several free Shogi programs and Shogidokoro seems to me to be the best, see page 287. block of text is highlighted in grey. Such sequences may safely be passed over on a first read-through (but will surely repay careful study on a second read- through!!!). An important (vital!) resource used to create this document has been the Shogi diagram generator at: http://wormz.free.fr/kifugen/ I have used this program to add a significant number of diagrams to the original text, and to replace most of the original diagrams (because of formatting problems with the originals). I have also added short sections on Japanese terminology, Computer Shogi, Shogi literature, Shogi equipment and Shogi on the Internet I have used Open Office3 to prepare the document in PDF format as this is likely to afford the greatest portability across devices.4 The document should be easily readable on Windows PCs, Android tablets, Apple laptops iPads, and e-book readers such as the Amazon Kindle. Whichever PDF reader you elect to use,5 it will 3 The version on the PortableApps web site. 4 Dedicated formats for different e-book readers are simply too specific. For example, masochists with too much time on their hands may care to try to convert a PDF document to other formats using software such as Calibre – it is possible, and I have tried it briefly, but I'm not convinced that the result is reader-friendly. In particular, diagrams seem not to scale properly, and text 'objects' such as tables are 'mangled'... 5 I use Sumatra – it is small and fast. Available from the PortableApps web site. almost certainly have a 'View Bookmarks' facility which will display a Table of Contents at the side of the display window, allowing easy navigation through the document. The 'hand-crafted' (partial) Table(s) of Contents are provided for the benefit of anyone who chooses to print the document,6 but they are 'active', and clicking on a page number from within a PDF reader will navigate you to the desired page. If you read this document and find any errors, typos, or other howlers, please let me know at [email protected]. Finally, for lovers of Japanese art, the image on the cover page is a Giga-e (Comic) image from the series of woodblock prints 'Parodies of Shogi, Japanese Chess' (Koma kurabe shôgi no tawamure) by Kuniyoshi Utagawa (1798-1861). Publisher: Gusokuya Kahei; Censor: Fukatsu Ihei. RJH May 2020 6 Try printing 4-up, double sided to save paper... Introduction to Handicap Play by Larry Kaufman Introduction. Handicap Shogi is a great way to learn Shogi, for two reasons. First of all, as you learn the techniques needed to break through and win at each handicap, working from largest to smallest, you will learn most of the techniques needed to do well in the opening and middle game of even-game Shogi. You will learn the most important castles and how to attack them, and you will learn how to judge material sacrifices and how to evaluate positions. I myself learned Shogi primarily in this way. The strategies of even-game Shogi are far too difficult for the amateur player to understand without the proper background afforded by handicap study. The second reason to study handicap Shogi is that it is widely played. Most clubs in Japan and in the United States stipulate that handicap games should be played in formal club play and in many tournaments whenever there is more than a single rank difference between the opponents. Moreover, the Shoreikai (professional training organization) also follows this practice in all official games, though except for special events only the smallest handicap is used. There is also the tradition of an annual game between the Japanese champion (Meijin) and the Japanese Amateur champion, at Bishop handicap. The Basic Rules. When a handicap is given, the stronger player removes the specified pieces from the board, and they are retired from the game. The player with the extra piece(s) is called Sente and the player without is Gote. Gote always moves first in a handicap game, as if Sente's first move was the "capture" of the handicap pieces. In the rare case of mutual entering Kings (Jishogi), when the time comes to count points, Gote gets credit for the pieces removed at the start. In some events, it is stipulated that in case of a draw by repetition or a tied Jishogi count, Gote wins, but this rule should not be assumed. Because the extra piece(s) for Sente are on their initial squares, which may not be ideal, the handicaps are not quite as large as they seem; the extra pieces though useful are also targets for Gote sometimes. Some people feel that to make the handicaps fully valid the extra piece(s) should be in hand rather than on the board, which would be much more difficult for Gote, but this is not the way it is done. One must also keep in mind that Gote need only recover half the handicap to equalize the material, since he will get to use the captured material himself.
Recommended publications
  • Ada Lovelace Articles S
    ADA Volume 36 USER Number 1 March 2015 JOURNAL Contents Page Editorial Policy for Ada User Journal 2 Editorial 3 Quarterly News Digest 4 Conference Calendar 24 Forthcoming Events 32 Bicentennial Ada Lovelace Articles S. Charman-Anderson “Ada Lovelace: Victorian Computing Visionary” 35 Articles from the Advances on Methods Special Session of Ada-Europe 2015 J. Sparre Andersen "Persistent Containers with Ada 2012" 43 F. Sánchez-Ledesma, J. Pastor, D. Alonso and B. Álvarez "A Task-Based Concurrency Scheme for Executing Component-Based Applications" 49 Ada-Europe Associate Members (National Ada Organizations) 56 Ada-Europe Sponsors Inside Back Cover Ada User Journal Volume 36, Number 1, March 2015 2 Editorial Policy for Ada User Journal Publication Original Papers a wider audience. This includes papers Ada User Journal — The Journal for Manuscripts should be submitted in published in North America that are the international Ada Community — is accordance with the submission not easily available in Europe. published by Ada-Europe. It appears guidelines (below). We have a reciprocal approach in four times a year, on the last days of granting permission for other March, June, September and All original technical contributions are submitted to refereeing by at least two publications to reprint papers originally December. Copy date is the last day of published in Ada User Journal. the month of publication. people. Names of referees will be kept confidential, but their comments will Commentaries Aims be relayed to the authors at the discretion of the Editor. We publish commentaries on Ada and Ada User Journal aims to inform software engineering topics.
    [Show full text]
  • Random Positions in Go Benard Helmstetter, Chang-Shing Lee, Fabien Teytaud, Olivier Teytaud, Wang Mei-Hui, Shi-Jim Yen
    Random positions in Go Benard Helmstetter, Chang-Shing Lee, Fabien Teytaud, Olivier Teytaud, Wang Mei-Hui, Shi-Jim Yen To cite this version: Benard Helmstetter, Chang-Shing Lee, Fabien Teytaud, Olivier Teytaud, Wang Mei-Hui, et al.. Ran- dom positions in Go. Computational Intelligence and Games, Aug 2011, Seoul, North Korea. inria- 00625815 HAL Id: inria-00625815 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00625815 Submitted on 22 Sep 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Random positions in Go Bernard Helmstetter, Chang-Shing Lee, Fabien Teytaud, Olivier Teytaud, Mei-Hui Wang, Shi-Jim Yen Abstract—It is known that in chess, random positions are However, the board is always “almost” empty in the sense harder to memorize for humans. We here reproduce these that there is enough room for building classical figures. Also, experiments in the Asian game of Go, in which computers are it is sometimes said in Go that the fact that Go moves from much weaker than humans. We survey families of positions, discussing the relative strength of humans and computers, and an empty board to a full board is in the spirit of the game then experiment random positions.
    [Show full text]
  • Project: Chess Engine 1 Introduction 2 Peachess
    P. Thiemann, A. Bieniusa, P. Heidegger Winter term 2010/11 Lecture: Concurrency Theory and Practise Project: Chess engine http://proglang.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/teaching/concurrency/2010ws/ Project: Chess engine 1 Introduction From the Wikipedia article on Chess: Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. Each player begins the game with sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The object of the game is to checkmate the opponent’s king, whereby the king is under immediate attack (in “check”) and there is no way to remove or defend it from attack on the next move. The game’s present form emerged in Europe during the second half of the 15th century, an evolution of an older Indian game, Shatranj. Theoreticians have developed extensive chess strategies and tactics since the game’s inception. Computers have been used for many years to create chess-playing programs, and their abilities and insights have contributed significantly to modern chess theory. One, Deep Blue, was the first machine to beat a reigning World Chess Champion when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997. Do not worry if you are not familiar with the rules of chess! You are not asked to change the methods which calculate the moves, nor the internal representation of boards or moves, nor the scoring of boards. 2 Peachess Peachess is a chess engine written in Java. The implementation consists of several components. 2.1 The chess board The chess board representation stores the actual state of the game.
    [Show full text]
  • — I Believe Hostage the Most Interesting, Exciting Variant That Can Be Played with a Standard Chess Set. Mating Attacks Are the Norm
    — I believe Hostage the most interesting, exciting variant that can be played with a standard chess set. Mating attacks are the norm. Anyone can hope to discover new principles and opening lines. Grandmaster Larry Kaufman 2008 World Senior Chess Champion — Fascinating, exciting, extremely entertaining—–what a wonder- ful new game! Grandmaster Kevin Spraggett Chess World Championship Candidate — Probably the most remarkable chess variant of the last fi ft y years. Captured men are hostages that can be exchanged. Play is rarely less than exciting, sometimes with several reversals of fortune. Dramatic mates are the rule, not the exception. D.B.Pritchard author of “Th e Encyclopedia of Chess Variants” — Chess is not yet played out, but it is no longer possible to perform at a high level without a detailed knowledge of openings. In Hostage Chess creativity and imagination fl ourish, and fun returns. Peter Coast Scottish Chess Champion — With only a few rule changes, Hostage Chess creates a marvelously exciting variant on the classical game. Lawrence Day International Chess Master — Every bit as intriguing as standard chess. Beautiful roads keep branching off in all directions, and sharp eyed beginners sometimes roll right over the experts. Robert Hamilton FIDE Chess Master Published 2012 by Aristophanes Press Hostage Chess Copyright © 2012 John Leslie. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re- trieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, digital, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or conveyed via the Internet or a website without prior written per- mission of the author, except in the case of brief quotations em- bedded in critical articles and reviews.
    [Show full text]
  • Dragon Magazine #100
    D RAGON 1 22 45 SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS In the center: SAGA OF OLD CITY Poster Art by Clyde Caldwell, soon to be the cover of an exciting new novel 4 5 THE CITY BEYOND THE GATE Robert Schroeck The longest, and perhaps strongest, AD&D® adventure weve ever done 2 2 At Moonset Blackcat Comes Gary Gygax 34 Gary gives us a glimpse of Gord, with lots more to come Publisher Mike Cook 3 4 DRAGONCHESS Gary Gygax Rules for a fantastic new version of an old game Editor-in-Chief Kim Mohan Editorial staff OTHER FEATURES Patrick Lucien Price Roger Moore 6 Score one for Sabratact Forest Baker Graphics and production Role-playing moves onto the battlefield Roger Raupp Colleen OMalley David C. Sutherland III 9 All about the druid/ranger Frank Mentzer Heres how to get around the alignment problem Subscriptions Georgia Moore 12 Pages from the Mages V Ed Greenwood Advertising Another excursion into Elminsters memory Patricia Campbell Contributing editors 86 The chance of a lifetime Doug Niles Ed Greenwood Reminiscences from the BATTLESYSTEM Supplement designer . Katharine Kerr 96 From first draft to last gasp Michael Dobson This issues contributing artists . followed by the recollections of an out-of-breath editor Dennis Kauth Roger Raupp Jim Roslof 100 Compressor Michael Selinker Marvel Bullpen An appropriate crossword puzzle for our centennial issue Dave Trampier Jeff Marsh Tony Moseley DEPARTMENTS Larry Elmore 3 Letters 101 World Gamers Guide 109 Dragonmirth 10 The forum 102 Convention calendar 110 Snarfquest 69 The ARES Section 107 Wormy COVER Its fitting that an issue filled with things weve never done before should start off with a cover thats unlike any of the ninety-nine that preceded it.
    [Show full text]
  • YEARBOOK the Information in This Yearbook Is Substantially Correct and Current As of December 31, 2020
    OUR HERITAGE 2020 US CHESS YEARBOOK The information in this yearbook is substantially correct and current as of December 31, 2020. For further information check the US Chess website www.uschess.org. To notify US Chess of corrections or updates, please e-mail [email protected]. U.S. CHAMPIONS 2002 Larry Christiansen • 2003 Alexander Shabalov • 2005 Hakaru WESTERN OPEN BECAME THE U.S. OPEN Nakamura • 2006 Alexander Onischuk • 2007 Alexander Shabalov • 1845-57 Charles Stanley • 1857-71 Paul Morphy • 1871-90 George H. 1939 Reuben Fine • 1940 Reuben Fine • 1941 Reuben Fine • 1942 2008 Yury Shulman • 2009 Hikaru Nakamura • 2010 Gata Kamsky • Mackenzie • 1890-91 Jackson Showalter • 1891-94 Samuel Lipchutz • Herman Steiner, Dan Yanofsky • 1943 I.A. Horowitz • 1944 Samuel 2011 Gata Kamsky • 2012 Hikaru Nakamura • 2013 Gata Kamsky • 2014 1894 Jackson Showalter • 1894-95 Albert Hodges • 1895-97 Jackson Reshevsky • 1945 Anthony Santasiere • 1946 Herman Steiner • 1947 Gata Kamsky • 2015 Hikaru Nakamura • 2016 Fabiano Caruana • 2017 Showalter • 1897-06 Harry Nelson Pillsbury • 1906-09 Jackson Isaac Kashdan • 1948 Weaver W. Adams • 1949 Albert Sandrin Jr. • 1950 Wesley So • 2018 Samuel Shankland • 2019 Hikaru Nakamura Showalter • 1909-36 Frank J. Marshall • 1936 Samuel Reshevsky • Arthur Bisguier • 1951 Larry Evans • 1952 Larry Evans • 1953 Donald 1938 Samuel Reshevsky • 1940 Samuel Reshevsky • 1942 Samuel 2020 Wesley So Byrne • 1954 Larry Evans, Arturo Pomar • 1955 Nicolas Rossolimo • Reshevsky • 1944 Arnold Denker • 1946 Samuel Reshevsky • 1948 ONLINE: COVID-19 • OCTOBER 2020 1956 Arthur Bisguier, James Sherwin • 1957 • Robert Fischer, Arthur Herman Steiner • 1951 Larry Evans • 1952 Larry Evans • 1954 Arthur Bisguier • 1958 E.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Jess Rudolph Shogi
    Jess Rudolph Shogi – the Chess of Japan Its History and Variants When chess was first invented in India by the end of the sixth century of the current era, probably no one knew just how popular or wide spread the game would become. Only a short time into the second millennium – if not earlier – chess was being played as far as the most distant lands of the known world – the Atlantic coast of Europe and Japan. All though virtually no contact existed for centuries to come between these lands, people from both cultures were playing a game that was very similar; in Europe it was to become the chess most westerners know today and in Japan it was shogi – the Generals Game. Though shogi has many things in common with many other chess variants, those elements are not always clear because of the many differences it also has. Sadly, how the changes came about is not well known since much of the early history of shogi has been lost. In some ways the game is more similar to the Indian chaturanga than its neighboring cousin in China – xiangqi. In other ways, it’s closer to xiangqi than to any other game. In even other ways it has similarities to the Thai chess of makruk. Most likely it has elements from all these lands. It is generally believed that chess came to Japan from China through the trade routs in Korea in more than one wave, the earliest being by the end of tenth century, possibly as early as the eighth.
    [Show full text]
  • GO WINDS Play Over 1000 Professional Games to Reach Recent Sets Have Focused on "How the Pros 1-Dan, It Is Said
    NEW FROM YUTOPIAN ENTERPRISES GO GAMES ON DISK (GOGoD) SOFTWARE GO WINDS Play over 1000 professional games to reach Recent sets have focused on "How the pros 1-dan, it is said. How about 6-dan? Games of play the ...". So far there are sets covering the Go on Disk now offers over 6000 professional "Chinese Fuseki" Volume I (a second volume Volume 2 Number 4 Winter 1999 $3.00 games on disk, games that span the gamut of is in preparation), and "Nirensei", Volumes I go history - featuring players that helped and II. A "Sanrensei" volume is also in define the history. preparation. All these disks typically contain All game collections come with DOS or 300 games. Windows 95 viewing software, and most The latest addition to this series is a collections include the celebrated Go Scorer in "specialty" item - so special GoGoD invented which you can guess the pros' moves as you a new term for it. It is the "Sideways Chinese" play (with hints if necessary) and check your fuseki, which incorporates the Mini-Chinese score. pattern. Very rarely seen in western The star of the collection may well be "Go publications yet played by most of the top Seigen" - the lifetime games (over 800) of pros, this opening is illustrated by over 130 perhaps the century's greatest player, with games from Japan, China and Korea. Over more than 10% commented. "Kitani" 1000 half have brief comments. The next specialty makes an ideal matching set - most of the item in preparation is a set of games featuring lifetime games of his legendary rival, Kitani unusual fusekis - this will include rare New Minoru.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Japanese Chess: the Game of Shogi Ebook, Epub
    JAPANESE CHESS: THE GAME OF SHOGI PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Trevor Leggett | 128 pages | 01 May 2009 | Tuttle Shokai Inc | 9784805310366 | English | Kanagawa, Japan Japanese Chess: The Game of Shogi PDF Book Memorial Verkouille A collection of 21 amateur shogi matches played in Ghent, Belgium. Retrieved 28 November In particular, the Two Pawn violation is most common illegal move played by professional players. A is the top class. This collection contains seven professional matches. Unlike in other shogi variants, in taikyoku the tengu cannot move orthogonally, and therefore can only reach half of the squares on the board. There are no discussion topics on this book yet. Visit website. The promoted silver. Brian Pagano rated it it was ok Oct 15, Checkmate by Black. Get A Copy. Kai Sanz rated it really liked it May 14, Cross Field Inc. This is a collection of amateur games that were played in the mid 's. The Oza tournament began in , but did not bestow a title until Want to Read Currently Reading Read. This article may be too long to read and navigate comfortably. White tiger. Shogi players are expected to follow etiquette in addition to rules explicitly described. The promoted lance. Illegal moves are also uncommon in professional games although this may not be true with amateur players especially beginners. Download as PDF Printable version. The Verge. It has not been shown that taikyoku shogi was ever widely played. Thus, the end of the endgame was strategically about trying to keep White's points above the point threshold. You might see something about Gene Davis Software on them, but they probably work.
    [Show full text]
  • Shogi Yearbook 2015
    Shogi Yearbook 2015 SHOGI24.COM SHOGI YEARBOOK 2015 Title match games, Challenger’s tournaments, interviews with WATANABE Akira and HIROSE Akihito, tournament reports, photos, Micro Shogi, statistics, … This yearbook is a free PDF document Shogi Yearbook 2015 Content Content Content .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Just a few words ... .................................................................................................................................. 5 64. Osho .................................................................................................................................................. 6 64. Osho league ................................................................................................................................... 6 64th Osho title match ........................................................................................................................... 9 Game 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Game 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 12 Game 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 15 Game 4 ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vanguard FTSE International Index Funds Annual
    Annual Report | October 31, 2020 Vanguard FTSE International Index Funds Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Index Fund Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US Small-Cap Index Fund See the inside front cover for important information about access to your fund’s annual and semiannual shareholder reports. Important information about access to shareholder reports Beginning on January 1, 2021, as permitted by regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission, paper copies of your fund’s annual and semiannual shareholder reports will no longer be sent to you by mail, unless you specifically request them. Instead, you will be notified by mail each time a report is posted on the website and will be provided with a link to access the report. If you have already elected to receive shareholder reports electronically, you will not be affected by this change and do not need to take any action. You may elect to receive shareholder reports and other communications from the fund electronically by contacting your financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) or, if you invest directly with the fund, by calling Vanguard at one of the phone numbers on the back cover of this report or by logging on to vanguard.com. You may elect to receive paper copies of all future shareholder reports free of charge. If you invest through a financial intermediary, you can contact the intermediary to request that you continue to receive paper copies. If you invest directly with the fund, you can call Vanguard at one of the phone numbers on the back cover of this report or log on to vanguard.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Game State Retrieval with Keyword Queries
    Game State Retrieval with Keyword Queries Atsushi Ushiku Shinsuke Mori Kyoto University Kyoto University [email protected] [email protected] Hirotaka Kameko Yoshimasa Tsuruoka The University of Tokyo The University of Tokyo [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT learning (often complex) formats of search queries. Cur- There are many databases of game records available online. rently, however, retrieval systems that accept natural lan- In order to retrieve a game state from such a database, users guage queries for nonlinguistic data are available only for a usually need to specify the target state in a domain-specific few domains such as images [4] and videos [13]. language, which may be difficult to learn for novice users. One example of nonlinguistic data is stock charts. A stock In this work, we propose a search system that allows users trader may want to search for a stock chart similar to his to retrieve game states from a game record database by us- current situation in order to predict what will happen next. ing keywords. In our approach, we first train a neural net- Another example is records of games. A chess player may work model for symbol grounding using a small number of want to practice by using past game records for reference. pairs of a game state and a commentary on it. We then Building a natural language-based search system for such apply it to all the states in the database to associate each nonlinguistic data is viable if all of the data are already as- of them with characteristic terms and their scores.
    [Show full text]