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Nutritional Status of Children Under Five in Jharkhand, India: a Review of Nutrition Programme in Relation to Malnutrition and Poverty

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Nutritional Status of Children Under Five in Jharkhand, India: a Review of Nutrition Programme in Relation to Malnutrition and Poverty NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE IN JHARKHAND, INDIA: A REVIEW OF NUTRITION PROGRAMME IN RELATION TO MALNUTRITION AND POVERTY BY VICTOR SORENG MASTER OF PUBLIC HEALTH (LMIC) AUGUST, 2005 i DECLARATION “This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for award of Master of Public Health. The examiners cannot, however, be held responsible for the views expressed, nor the factual accuracy of the content”. Signed…………………………….. Course Director The University of Leeds Declaration of Academic Integrity I declare that in the attached submission I have not presented anyone else’s work as my own. Where I have taken advantage of the work of others, I have given full acknowledgement. I am aware of and I understand the University rules on cheating and plagiarism as published in the Taught Student’s Handbook, and also any more detailed rules specified at School or module level. Signed:__________________________ Date _______________________ FORMAT APPROACH Prescriptive Explanatory TYPE OF STUDY Programme review and/or plan Study design Research proposal In-depth study Information process other (Please specify) OUTPUT Action Plan Draft article Research proposal Other (Please specify) i DEDICATION My sincere thanks to God Almighty, this work is dedicated to my family for their support and love and to complete my master of Public Health course at the Nuffield Institute for International Health and Development Centre, University of Leeds, United Kingdom. Particularly to my wife – Juliana, Uncle - Julius and Unity – Veronica for their strength and courage in facing hardships of life in my absence from home. I thank you all and May love of God Bless you. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many people have contributed and helped me to complete my course and this dissertation. I would like to thank them and acknowledge with my heart felt gratitude to the following persons and office: Ford Foundation International Fellowship programme India office for giving me opportunity to study in the University of Leeds. Maye Omar, Jaffer and Nancy Gereen for their support while choosing my dissertation topic and for supporting in outlining it. A special thanks to Kathi Pullan course coordinator for her encouragement in my study while I was not well. A special thanks and appreciation to Janet Cade, being my dissertation supervisor and guiding me through my dissertation. All academic staff and lecturers at the Nuffield Institute for International Health and Development Centre, University of Leeds. All library staffs of University of Leeds and staffs at KMC University of Leeds. My colleagues at the Nuffield Institute for International Health and Development Centre and my friend back home in India for their support. iii TABLE OF CONTENT Page DECLARATION, THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS DECLARATION OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND FORMAT………………………………………..……………………………..i DEDICATION………………………………………………………………...ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………iii TABLE OF CONTENT……………………………………………………iv-vi KEY TO ABBREVIATION…………………………………………………vii LIST OF TABLE AND FIGRES……………………………………………viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………………...ix CHAPTER 1: UNDER FIVE MALNUTRITION IN INDIA AND STATE OF JHARKHAND ................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 1 1.2 AIM OF DISSERTATION ........................................................................ 1 1.3 OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................ 1 1.4 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................. 1 1.5 STRUCTURE OF DISSERTATION ............................................................ 1 1.6 LIMITATION OF STUDY ........................................................................ 2 1.7 CLIENTS .............................................................................................. 2 1.8 OUTCOME OF DISSERTATION ............................................................... 2 1.9 NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN INDIA AND JHARKHAND STATE .................... 2 1.10 FACTORS INFLUENCING NUTRITIONAL STATUS .................................... 3 1.11 WHY MALNUTRITION .......................................................................... 4 1.12 POVERTY ............................................................................................ 4 1.13 DEFINITION OF POVERTY ..................................................................... 5 1.14 CAUSES OF POVERTY ........................................................................... 6 1.15 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION .................................................................. 8 1.16 PROBLEM STATEMENT ........................................................................ 8 1.17 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER 2: FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA AND STATE OF JHARKHAND, NATIONAL AND LOCAL ......................... 9 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 9 2.2 BACKGROUND OF INDIA ...................................................................... 9 2.3 BACKGROUND OF JHARKHAND ........................................................... 9 2.4 PROBLEM ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 10 2.4.1 Agriculture ................................................................................... 10 2.4.2 Ministry of agriculture ................................................................. 11 2.4.3 Food insecurity at household level .............................................. 11 2.5 CONCEPT OF FOOD SECURITY ............................................................ 11 iv 2.5.1 Food security programme in India (National) ............................. 12 2.5.2 India’s public distribution system ................................................ 12 2.5.3 Providing midday meals to children ............................................ 12 2.5.4 Food for work programme ........................................................... 12 2.5.5 Improving agricultural productivity ............................................. 13 2.5.6 Enhancing rural non farm employment ....................................... 13 2.5.7 Food stamp programme ............................................................... 14 2.6 HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY IN JHARKHAND (LOCAL) ..................... 14 2.6.1 Decentralised food production system ......................................... 14 2.6.2 Decentralised distribution system ................................................ 14 2.6.3 Women’s role in food security ..................................................... 15 2.6.4 Self Help Group (SHG) and micro credit .................................... 15 2.7 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 3: FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMMES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES .......... 17 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 17 3.2 DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY ............................................................. 17 3.3 INVOLVING COMMUNITY ................................................................... 17 3.4 IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IN NUTRITION DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................................. 18 3.5 MAJOR NUTRITION PROGRAMME IN JHARKHAND .............................. 18 3.5.1 Integrated child development services programme (ICDS)......... 18 3.5.2 Special nutrition programme (SNP)............................................. 18 3.5.3 Balwadi nutrition programme ...................................................... 19 3.5.4 Creches for children of working and ailing women..................... 19 3.5.5 World food programme (WFP) .................................................... 19 3.5.6 UNICEF assistance for women and children ............................... 20 3.6 FACTORS FOR SUCCESSFUL NUTRITION PROGRAMME ........................ 20 3.6.1 Political willingness ..................................................................... 20 3.6.2 Decentralisation ........................................................................... 20 3.6.3 Local organisation ........................................................................ 20 3.7 FACTORS FOR NOT INVOLVING IN NUTRITION PROGRAMME ............... 21 3.7.1 Sustainability of the programme .................................................. 21 3.7.2 Factors promoting sustainability in nutrition programme ........... 21 3.8 FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME IN DEVELOPING COUNTRY .................. 22 3.8.1 Tamilnadu women development project (India) .......................... 22 3.8.2 Nutrition improvement project (Vietnam) ................................... 22 3.8.3 Child survival project and development programme (Tanzania) 23 3.8.4 Programme for improving nutrition (Ghana) ............................... 23 3.8.5 Food security and nutrition programme (Benin) ......................... 23 3.9 CONCLUSION ..................................................................................... 24 CHAPTER 4: APPROACHES FOR IMPROVING NUTRITION OF CHILDREN UNDER FIVE .................................................. 25 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 25 4.2 PROBLEM IN IMPLEMENTING NUTRITION PROGRAMME .....................
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