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A Study of the Music Sector in Ghana Questionnaire for Traditional Folkloric Groups

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A Study of the Music Sector in Ghana Questionnaire for Traditional Folkloric Groups 1 Contents 1 Executive Summary 11 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 Country Profile 11 1.3 The Creative Industries in Ghana 11 1.4 Music Sector Overview 12 1.5 Market Characteristics 12 1.6 Regional and Local Sector Dynamics 13 1.7 Regulatory Framework 13 1.8 Economic Value Analysis 13 1.9 Social Contribution 15 1.10 Industry Infrastructure 16 1.11 International Dynamics 17 1.12 Linkage with other Sectors 17 1.13 SWOT Analysis 17 1.14 Recommendations 18 19 1.15 Conclusion 19 2 Introduction 20 2.1 Project Background 20 2.2 Objectives 20 2.3 Scope of Work 20 2.4 Justification 21 2.5 Methodology 22 2.5.1 Sources of Data 22 2.5.2 Sampling Techniques 24 2.6 Limitations 24 2.7 Conclusion 24 3 Country Profile 26 3.1 Introduction 26 3.2 Political Environment 26 3.3 Economic Environment 27 3.4 Social Dynamics 29 3.5 Technological Factors 31 3.6 Country Outlook 31 3.7 Conclusion 32 4 The Creative Industry in Ghana 33 4.1 Overview 33 4.2 Characteristics of the Creative Industry in Ghana 34 2 4.2.1 Overview 34 4.3 Conclusion 36 5 Music Sector Overview 37 5.1 Historical Perspective 37 5.1.1 Overview 37 5.1.2 Music Genres 37 5.2 Industry Oversight 42 5.3 Professional Organizations 45 5.3.1 Creators Associations 45 5.3.2 Producers Associations 46 5.3.3 Collective Management Organization (CMO) 47 5.4 Current State of the Sector – Challenges and Opportunities 48 5.5 Porter‘s Five Forces Model 48 5.6 Conclusion 49 6 Market Characteristics 51 6.1 Overview of Music Value Chain 51 6.1.1 Typical Music Value Chain around the World 51 6.1.2 Music Value Chain in Ghana 52 6.2 Volume of production by Type 75 6.3 Conclusion 78 7 Regional and Local Sector Dynamics 79 7.1 Regional Features of the Sector 79 7.2 Conclusion 93 8 Regulatory Framework 94 8.1 Review of Regulations 94 8.2 Review of Policy Documents 97 9 Economic Value Analysis 101 9.1 Introduction 101 9.2 Employment Characteristics 101 9.2.1 Size of the Sector 101 9.2.2 Characteristics of Employment 103 9.3 Value of Sector (Revenue Sources and Estimation) 124 9.3.1 Framework for Analysis 124 9.3.2 Domestic Revenue Estimation 126 9.4 Contribution to GDP 131 9.4.1 Summary of GDP 131 10 Social Characteristics & Contribution 132 10.1 Social characteristics of the sector 132 10.1.1 Creators 132 10.1.2 Business Category 133 10.2 Overview 141 3 10.3 Sociological aspects of music 141 10.4 Benefits of music 141 10.5 Social groups and events 142 10.5.1 Social circles in Ghana 142 10.5.2 Choral groups 142 10.5.3 Traditional/folkloric bands 145 10.5.4 Public bands 148 11 Industry Infrastructure 150 11.1 Introduction 150 11.2 Training Institutions 150 11.2.1 Educational Institutions 150 11.2.2 Capacity Building Institutions 153 11.3 Manufacturers 155 11.3.1 Local Instrument Manufacturers 155 11.3.2 Audio/Visuals 158 11.4 Digital Music Downloads 159 11.5 Event organisers and Venues 160 11.5.1 Data analysis – Event organisers 162 11.5.2 Data analysis – Venue operators 163 12 International Dynamics 166 12.1 Ghanaian music abroad 166 12.1.1 Live performances 166 12.1.2 International awards 166 12.1.3 Operational base of music distributors 167 12.2 Exposure of tourists to Ghanaian music 167 12.3 Volume of Exports 170 13 Linkage with other Sectors 172 13.1 Music as a subject – Musicology 172 13.2 Music as an art – Applied Musicology 172 13.2.1 Film 173 13.2.2 Theatre art 173 13.2.3 Fashion 174 13.2.4 Medicine & therapy 175 14 SWOT Analysis 177 14.1 Introduction 177 14.2 Strengths 178 14.3 Weaknesses 178 14.4 Opportunities 184 14.5 Threats 184 14.6 Conclusion 185 15 Recommendations 186 15.1 Observations and Recommendations 186 16 Conclusion 191 4 16.1 Objectives 191 16.2 Methodology 191 16.3 Findings 191 16.4 Observations and Recommendations 192 17 Appendices 193 17.1 Appendix A – Details of Educational Institutions 193 17.2 Appendix B – Questionnaires administered for the survey 198 17.3 Appendix C – Names of some sensational Ghanaian music professionals, music archives and the impact of colonialism 274 17.4 Appendix D – Ghanaian population according to age groups and regions 276 17.5 Appendix E - Categories and sub-categories of the Music Industry 278 17.6 Committee Members 288 17.6.1 Oversight Committee Members 288 17.6.2 Technical Committee Members 288 18 Bibliography 290 5 List of Abbreviations CNC Centre For National Culture CSMTDP Creative Sector Medium-Term Development Plan GAPI Ghana Association of Phonographic Industry GHAMRO Ghana Music Rights Organization GCF Ghana Culture Forum GSGDA Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda GSS Ghana Statistical Service GoG Government of Ghana IMD Institute for Music and Development MCTA Ministry of Chieftaincy & Traditional Affairs MoC Ministry of Communication MoTI Ministry of Trade & Industry MoF Ministry of Finance MJAGD Ministry of Justice & Attorney General MoE Ministry of Education MTCCA Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Creative Arts MNO Mobile Network Operator MUSIGA Musicians Union of Ghana NAFTI National Film and Television Institute NDPC National Development Planning Commission UNCTD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development VAT Value Added Tax 6 List of Tables Table 1.8.1 Size of the industry ............................................................................................................ 14 Table 1.8.2 Contribution of the music sector to GDP ........................................................................... 15 Table 2.5.1 Stratification of music industry ........................................................................................... 22 Table 2.5.2 Stakeholder interviews ....................................................................................................... 23 Table 3.3.1 Trends in interest rate and inflation.................................................................................... 28 Table 3.4.1 Population characteristics .................................................................................................. 29 Table 3.4.2 Population density .............................................................................................................. 30 Table 3.4.3 Age distribution .................................................................................................................. 30 Table 3.4.4 Music and Dance by Regions ............................................................................................ 30 Table 3.6.1 Economic indicator's forecast ............................................................................................ 31 Table 4.2.1 Characteristics of the creative industry in Ghana .............................................................. 34 Table 5.5.1 Porter's Five Forces model ................................................................................................ 48 Table 6.1.1 Volume of sales.................................................................................................................. 59 Table 6.2.1 Percentage of music production according to the various genres ..................................... 75 Table 6.2.2 Type of music product produced........................................................................................ 76 Table 6.2.3 Number of albums produced per annum ........................................................................... 77 Table 6.2.4 Average number of tracks per CD album .......................................................................... 77 Table 6.2.5 Average number of tracks per cassette album .................................................................. 78 Table 7.1.1 Regional characteristics of music and dance – Greater Accra Region ............................. 79 Table 7.1.2 Regional characteristics of music and dance - Ashanti and Brong Ahafo regions ............ 81 Table 7.1.3 Regional characteristics of music and dance – Eastern region ......................................... 83 Table 7.1.4 Regional Characteristics of music and dance - Northern Region ...................................... 84 Table 7.1.5 Regional characteristics of music & dance – Upper West Region .................................... 86 Table 7.1.6 Regional characteristics of music and dance - Western Region ....................................... 87 Table 7.1.7 Regional characteristics of music and dance – Volta Region ............................................ 87 Table 7.1.8 Regional characteristics of music and dance – Central Region ........................................ 91 Table 8.1.1 Regulatory review .............................................................................................................. 94 Table 8.2.1 Review of policy documents .............................................................................................. 97 Table 9.2.1 Size of sector ................................................................................................................... 101 Table 9.2.2 Details of song composition and recordings .................................................................... 106 Table 9.2.3 Regional Distribution ........................................................................................................ 115 Table 9.3.1 Value addition from production and sale of CDs ............................................................. 126 Table 9.3.2: Value addition from cassette production and distribution ............................................... 127 Table 9.3.3 Revenue generation from sale of instruments ................................................................. 128 Table 9.3.4 Revenue generation from Digital
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