DOCSLIB.ORG

Valiky's+Bivalve+Report.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Valiky's+Bivalve+Report.Pdf etermination and Comparison tf Bivalve Growth, with Emphasis on Thailand and Other Tropical Areas J.M. Vakily /'( * .' INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES Determination and Comparison of Bivalve Growth, with Emphasis on Thailand and Other Tropical Areas J.M. VAKILY 1992 Printed in Manila, Philippines Published by the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MC P.O. Bax 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. Vakily, J.M. 1992. Determination and comparison of bivalve growth, with emphasis on Thailand and other tropical areas. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 36, 125 p. ISSN 01 15-5547 ISBN 971 -8709-24-X ICLARM Contribution No. 801. CONTENTS List of Tables .................................................................................................... vi List of Figures .......................................................................................................vii Foreword .........................................................................................................................ix Abstract ....................................... .................................................................x Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Chapter 2 . The Role of Bivalves as Fisheries Resource .................................... 2 Worldwide ........................................................................................................2 Thailand ..................... .................................................................................3 Chapter 3 . Review of Growth Studies on Bivalves ............................................. 6 Chapter 4 . Microgrowth Analysis of Bivalve Shells . Application and Relevance to Tropical Bivalve Resources Management ....................................... .............................. 8 General Theory of Growth Pattern Formation in Bivalve Shells ................................................... 8 History ..........................................................................................................................8 External Growth Marks ........................................................................................................9 Internal Growth Marks .......................................................................................................10 ... Anaerobic metabolism ~n bwalves .... .- ..................................................................... 10 Formation of internal growth lines ............................................................................ 11 Microgrowth Analysis in Tropical Bivalves - The Thai Experience ................... ... ............. 15 Introduction ....................,., ................................................................................................. 15 Material ........................... ....................................................................................... 16 ... .. Perna vlr~dls............................................................................................................. 16 Anadara granosa ..................................................................................................... 16 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 17 Tagging .................................................................................................................... 17 Marking ..................................................................................................................... 18 Surveys .................................................................................................................. 18 ... Perna vlrldls ............................; ....................................................................... 18 Anadara granosa ............................................................................................ 19 Tide readings .......................................................................................................... 19 Preparation of acetate peels .................................................................................... 19 Analysis of shell microstructure ................................................................................ 20 iii Results ........................................................................................................................22 Perna vifidis......................................................................................................... 22 Growth experiments ........................................................................................22 Analysis of the shell microstructure .............................................................. 23 Periodicity of growth line formation ................................................................ 25 Anadara granosa ...................................................................................................... 27 Growth experiments ........................................................................................ 27 Analysis of the shell microstructure ............................................................... 28 Periodicity of growth line formation .................................................................31 Discussion ........................................................................................................................ 34 Chapter 5 . Growth of Bivalves in Different Climatic Zones .A Comparative Approach ........................................... 38 Introduction ........................................................................................................................38 The von Bertalanffy Growth Theory: Can it be Applied to Bivalve Growth? ............................. 38 The von Bertalanffy growth model ................................................................................... 38 Allometric growth of bivalve gills .......................................................................................39 Oxygen consumption in bivalves ....................................................................................... 41 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................ 44 Source of data .................................................................................................................. 44 The seasonalized von Bertalanffy growth function ........................................................... 45 Analysis of growth data ...............................................................................................46 Length-frequency data .............................................................................................. 46 Length-at-time data ................................................................................................... 47 Length increment data ............................................................................................ 48 Temperature data ............................................................................................................. 49 Estimates of mortality rates from field experiments ..................................................... 49 Estimates of relative yield ................................................................................................. 50 Comparison of growth performance ................................................................................. 50 The phi prime ($') concept ......................... .. ................................................... 50 The growth index P and the auximetric grid .......................................................... 51 Results and Discussion ............................................................................................................... 52 Growth experiments with bivalves in Thailand .................................................................. 52 Perna viridis .............................................................................................................. 52 Estimation of growth parameters .................................................................... 52 Mortality ........................................................................................................... 55 Growth comparison ......................................................................................... 55 Anadara granosa ...................................................................................................... 56 Estimation of growth parameters .................................................................. 56 Mortality ........................................................................................................... 62 Growth comparison ......................................................................................... 64 Compilation of growth parameters of the VBGF from the literature ................................. 66 lntraspecific comparison of growth parameters:the use of the growth index I$' ....................................................................................... 68 The growth index I$' and its relationship to environmental temperature and geographic distribution .................................................................. 70 Comparison of bivalve growth: the potential of a growth index and its limitations ...........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tugas Biola Tridacna
    OLEH: MARIA ULFAH C551090101 MAYOR ILMU KELAUTAN SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR 2010 EKOLOGI DAN SISTEM REPRODUKSI KERANG KIMA (TRIDACNIDAE) MARIA ULFAH (C5510(C5510901019010190101)))) Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor PENDAHULUAN Berbagai jenis flora dan fauna hidup dan berkembang di lautan, baik di permukaan, di kolom dan juga di dasar perairan. Salah satu diantara biota tersebut ada kelompok bivalva yang dikenal dengan kerang raksasa. Disebut kerang raksasa adalah karena pertumbuhan cangkangnya dapat mencapai ukuran yang relatif sangat besar (mencapai 160 cm), kerang tersebut dikenal luas dengan sebutan kima. Kima merupakan makhluk laut tropis yang tersebar luas terutama di wilayah perairan Indo-Pasifik. Kima biasanya ditemukan hidup di daerah terumbu karang dengan sebaran dan ukuran yang berbeda-beda. Kima terdiri dari dua kelompok genus, yaitu Tridacna dan Hippopus . Kelompok Tridacna terdiri dari Tridacna crocea, T. derasa, T. gigas, T. maxima, T. verrucosa, T. rosewater, T. squamosa dan T. tevoroa . Sedangkan kelompok Hippopus terdiri dari Hippopus hippopus dan Hippopus porcellanus . Kima sudah cukup familiar dikalangan masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya masyarakat pesisir atau nelayan. Kima merupakan organisme bentik yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, memiliki kandungan gizi tinggi dan nilai estetika yang menarik. Permintaan pasar yang tinggi dan harga yang menjanjikan menjadikan kima sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan secara komersil. Perdagangan kima kini lebih mengarah untuk keperluan industry aquarium hias air laut, dengan pertumbuhan mencapai 9% pada tahun 1993-2002 (Cheshire dan Valeriano, 2004). Saat ini permintaan terhadap Kima cukup besar, terutama dari Jepang. Akibat permintaan yang tinggi ini terjadilah eksploitasi berlebihan yang menyebabkan populasi hewan ini menurun. Beberapa spesies kima yang sudah sulit untuk ditemukan adalah Tridacna gigas, Tridacna derasa, Tridacna squamosa , maupun dari genus Hipoppus seperti Hipoppus porcelanus dan Hipoppus hipoppus .
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Selected Species Subject to Long- Standing Import Suspensions
    UNEP-WCMC technical report Review of selected species subject to long- standing import suspensions Part II: Asia and Oceania (Version edited for public release) Review of selected species subject to long-standing import suspensions. Part II: Asia and Oceania Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium Prepared February 2016 Copyright European Commission 2016 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2016. Review of selected species subject to long-standing import suspensions. Part II: Asia and Oceania. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision- makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in appropriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecological Significance of Giant Clams in Coral Reef Ecosystems
    Biological Conservation 181 (2015) 111–123 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Review The ecological significance of giant clams in coral reef ecosystems ⇑ Mei Lin Neo a,b, William Eckman a, Kareen Vicentuan a,b, Serena L.-M. Teo b, Peter A. Todd a, a Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore b Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore article info abstract Article history: Giant clams (Hippopus and Tridacna species) are thought to play various ecological roles in coral reef Received 14 May 2014 ecosystems, but most of these have not previously been quantified. Using data from the literature and Received in revised form 29 October 2014 our own studies we elucidate the ecological functions of giant clams. We show how their tissues are food Accepted 2 November 2014 for a wide array of predators and scavengers, while their discharges of live zooxanthellae, faeces, and Available online 5 December 2014 gametes are eaten by opportunistic feeders. The shells of giant clams provide substrate for colonization by epibionts, while commensal and ectoparasitic organisms live within their mantle cavities. Giant clams Keywords: increase the topographic heterogeneity of the reef, act as reservoirs of zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.), Carbonate budgets and also potentially counteract eutrophication via water filtering. Finally, dense populations of giant Conservation Epibiota clams produce large quantities of calcium carbonate shell material that are eventually incorporated into Eutrophication the reef framework. Unfortunately, giant clams are under great pressure from overfishing and extirpa- Giant clams tions are likely to be detrimental to coral reefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Clams (Bivalvia : Cardiidae : Tridacninae)
    Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 2017, 55, 87-388 © S. J. Hawkins, D. J. Hughes, I. P. Smith, A. C. Dale, L. B. Firth, and A. J. Evans, Editors Taylor & Francis GIANT CLAMS (BIVALVIA: CARDIIDAE: TRIDACNINAE): A COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION, CURRENT THREATS AND CONSERVATION STATUS MEI LIN NEO1,11*, COLETTE C.C. WABNITZ2,3, RICHARD D. BRALEY4, GERALD A. HESLINGA5, CÉCILE FAUVELOT6, SIMON VAN WYNSBERGE7, SERGE ANDRÉFOUËT6, CHARLES WATERS8, AILEEN SHAU-HWAI TAN9, EDGARDO D. GOMEZ10, MARK J. COSTELLO8 & PETER A. TODD11* 1St. John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, c/o Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore 2The Pacific Community (SPC), BPD5, 98800 Noumea, New Caledonia 3Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada 4Aquasearch, 6–10 Elena Street, Nelly Bay, Magnetic Island, Queensland 4819, Australia 5Indo-Pacific Sea Farms, P.O. Box 1206, Kailua-Kona, HI 96745, Hawaii, USA 6UMR ENTROPIE Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Université de La Réunion, CNRS; Centre IRD de Noumea, BPA5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia 7UMR ENTROPIE Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Université de La Réunion, CNRS; Centre IRD de Tahiti, BP529, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia 8Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P. Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 9School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia 10Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Velasquez Street, Quezon City 1101, Philippines 11Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore *Corresponding authors: Mei Lin Neo e-mail: [email protected] Peter A.
    [Show full text]
  • Concordance Between Phylogeographic And
    Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 2014 Concordance Between Phylogeographic and Biogeographic Boundaries in the Coral Triangle: Conservation Implications Based on Comparative Analyses of Multiple Giant Clam Species Timery S. DeBoer Maria Rio Abdon Naguit Mark V. Erdmann Maria Carmen A. Ablan-Lagman Ambariyanto See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_fac_pubs Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, Marine Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources and Conservation Commons Repository Citation DeBoer, Timery S.; Abdon Naguit, Maria Rio; Erdmann, Mark V.; Ablan-Lagman, Maria Carmen A.; Ambariyanto; Carpenter, Kent E.; Toha, Abdul Hamid A.; and Barber, Paul H., "Concordance Between Phylogeographic and Biogeographic Boundaries in the Coral Triangle: Conservation Implications Based on Comparative Analyses of Multiple Giant Clam Species" (2014). Biological Sciences Faculty Publications. 24. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/biology_fac_pubs/24 Original Publication Citation DeBoer, T., Naguit, M., Erdmann, M., Ablan-Lagman, M., Ambariyanto, Carpenter, K., . Barber, P. (2014). Concordance between phylogeographic and biogeographic boundaries in the Coral Triangle: Conservation implications based on comparative analyses of multiple giant clam species. Bulletin of Marine Science, 90(1), 277-300. doi: 10.5343/bms.2013.1003 Authors Timery S. DeBoer, Maria Rio Abdon Naguit, Mark V. Erdmann, Maria Carmen
    [Show full text]
  • PETITION to LIST the TRIDACNINAE GIANT CLAMS (Excluding Tridacna Rosewateri) AS THREATENED OR ENDANGERED UNDER the ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT
    PETITION TO LIST THE TRIDACNINAE GIANT CLAMS (excluding Tridacna rosewateri) AS THREATENED OR ENDANGERED UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT Dwayne W. Meadows, Ph.D. 9063 Dunloggin Rd. Ellicott City, MD 21042 Non-official communication of interest Giant Clam Petition 1 NOTICE OF PETITION 7 August 2016 Donna Wieting, Director Office of Protected Resources, F/PROD National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 [email protected] Dear Ms. Wieting, Pursuant to section 4(b) of the Endangered Species Act (“ESA”), 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b), section 553(3) of the Administrative Procedure Act, 5 U.S.C. § 553(e), and 50 CFR 424.14(a), Dwayne W. Meadows, Ph.D. hereby petitions the Secretary of Commerce, through the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMFS”, the lead office for implementing the ESA), to list the Tridacninae Giant Clams (excluding Tridacna rosewateri) as a threatened or endangered species under the ESA (16 U.S.C. §§ 1531 et seq.) throughout all or a significant portion of their ranges. Tridacna rosewateri occurs only in Mauritius and there is no additional information on the status of this species, so it is not considered further as part of this petition. NMFS has jurisdiction over this petition because the petitioned species are marine. This petition sets in motion a specific process, placing definite response requirements on NMFS. Specifically, NMFS must issue an initial finding as to whether this petition “presents substantial scientific or commercial information indicating that the petitioned action may be warranted.” 16 U.S.C. § 1533(b)(3)(A). NMFS must make this initial finding “[t]o the maximum extent practicable, within 90 days after receiving the petition.” Id.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Abundance of the Giant Clams (Cardiidae: Bivalvia) on Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 20, Number 3, March 2019 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 884-892 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d200337 Distribution and abundance of the giant clams (Cardiidae: Bivalvia) on Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia TEDDY TRIANDIZA1,2, NEVIATY P. ZAMANI2,♥, HAWIS MADDUPPA2, UDHI E. HERNAWAN3 1Tual Technical Management Unit for Marine Life Conservation, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Merdeka, Watdek, Southeast Moluccas 97611, Maluku, Indonesia. 2Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Raya Dramaga, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: : +62 251 8622909 – 8622911, Fax.: +62 251 8622907, ♥email: [email protected] 3Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Ancol Timur, North Jakarta 14430, Jakarta, Indonesia Manuscript received: 18 September 2018. Revision accepted: 27 February 2019. Abstract. Triandiza T, Zamani NP, Madduppa H, Hernawan UE. 2019. Distribution and abundance of the giant clams (Cardiidae: Bivalvia) on Kei Islands, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 884-892. Giant clams, ecologically important bivalves in coral reefs, are under anthropogenic pressures in most parts of their range, necessitating the study of population status for conservation management. Here, we assessed species composition, distribution, size density, and habitat condition of giant clams in Kei Islands. A total of 9 reefs around the islands (Dar 1, Dar 2, Pulau Kur, Pulau Tanimbar Kei, Pulau Adranan, Pulau Dullah Laut, Difur, Labetawi, dan Ohoidertoom), were surveyed using quadrat-transect line in September-December 2017. We found five species of giant clams, i.e., Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, T. squamosa, T. noae, and Hippopus hippopus.
    [Show full text]
  • Oceanography and Marine Biology an Annual Review Volume 55
    Oceanography and Marine Biology An Annual Review Volume 55 S.J. Hawkins, A.J. Evans, A.C. Dale, L.B. Firth, D.J. Hughes, and I.P. Smith First Published 2017 ISBN 978-1-138-19786-2 (hbk) ISBN 978-1-351-98759-2 (ebk) Chapter 4 Giant Clams (Bivalvia: Cardiidae: Tridacninae): A Comprehensive Update of Species and Their Distribution, Current Threats and Conservation Status Mei Lin Neo, Colette C.C. Wabnitz, Richard D. Braley, Gerald A. Heslinga, Cécile Fauvelot, Simon Van Wynsberge, Serge Andréfouët, Charles Waters, Aileen Shau-Hwai Tan, Edgardo D. Gomez, Mark J. Costello, and Peter A. Todd (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 2017, 55, 2-303 © S. J. Hawkins, D. J. Hughes, I. P. Smith, A. C. Dale, L. B. Firth, and A. J. Evans, Editors Taylor & Francis GIANT CLAMS (BIVALVIA: CARDIIDAE: TRIDACNINAE): A COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION, CURRENT THREATS AND CONSERVATION STATUS MEI LIN NEO1,11*, COLETTE C.C. WABNITZ2,3, RICHARD D. BRALEY4, GERALD A. HESLINGA5, CÉCILE FAUVELOT6, SIMON VAN WYNSBERGE7, SERGE ANDRÉFOUËT6, CHARLES WATERS8, AILEEN SHAU-HWAI TAN9, EDGARDO D. GOMEZ10, MARK J. COSTELLO8 & PETER A. TODD11* 1St. John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, c/o Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore 2The Pacific Community (SPC), BPD5, 98800 Noumea, New Caledonia 3Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada 4Aquasearch, 6–10 Elena Street, Nelly Bay, Magnetic Island, Queensland 4819, Australia 5Indo-Pacific Sea Farms, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Tridacna Spp. and Hippopus Hippopus in the Philippines Using Mitochondrial CO1 and 16S Rrna Genes
    ARTICLE Updates on the status of giant clams Tridacna spp. and Hippopus hippopus in the Philippines using mitochondrial CO1 and 16S rRNA genes Apollo Marco D. Lizano1,2 and Mudjekeewis D. Santos1* 1Genetic Fingerprinting Laboratory, Marine Fisheries Research Division, 1National Fisheries Research and Development Institute 2The Marine Science Institute University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines he CO1 and 16S rRNA genes of six of the possible tion site at 367-370 bp (5’AGCT3’) for the species of T. maxima eight species of giant clams (Hippopus hippopus, as opposed to the species of Tridacna sp. YCT-2005. Alu I re- Tridacna gigas, T. crocea, T. squamosa, T. derasa, striction endonuclease was identified as a candidate diagnostic and Tridacna sp.YCT-2005) under the Tridacnidae enzyme to differentiate between these species. This study con- family found in the Philippines were sequenced for firmed the identity of giant clams found in the Philippines using Tmolecular approach -based species identification. We first report- molecular techniques. The use of DNA barcoding can be a useful ed here the CO1 sequence of H. hippopus and made it available tool to identify different species of giant clams which is needed online through GenBank. We also reported the first sighting of for their proper management and conservation in the Philippines, Tridacna sp. YCT-2005 in Philippine waters, an undescribed since they are all declared as endangered. species of giant clam, which has initially been reported to be a potentially new species that was thought to be found only in Tai- INTRODUCTION wan. Phylogenetic trees of CO1 and 16S rRNA gene sequences of giant clam samples from the Philippines were constructed Giant clams are one of the world’s largest bivalves, ranging using both the Neighbor-Joining approach and the Maximum- from 15 cm for Tridacna crocea Lammarck 1819 to 150 cm for Likelihood approach.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell Dimension–Live Weight Relationships, Growth and Survival of Hippopus Porcellanus in Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park, Philippines
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 604 SHELL DIMENSION–LIVE WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS, GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF HIPPOPUS PORCELLANUS IN TUBBATAHA REEFS NATURAL PARK, PHILIPPINES Roger G. Dolorosa, Segundo F. Conales, and Noel A. Bundal SHELL DIMENSION–LIVE WEIGHT RELATIONSHIPS, GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF HIPPOPUS PORCELLANUS IN TUBBATAHA REEFS NATURAL PARK, PHILIPPINES Roger G. Dolorosa, Segundo F. Conales, and Noel A. Bundal Atoll Research Bulletin No. 604 23 July 2014 All statements made in papers published in the Atoll Research Bulletin are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Smithsonian Institution or of the editors of the Bulletin. Articles submitted for publication in the Atoll Research Bulletin should be original papers and must be made available by authors for open access publication. Manuscripts should be consistent with the “Author Formatting Guidelines for Publication in the Atoll Research Bulletin.” All submissions to the Bulletin are peer reviewed and, after revision, are evaluated prior to acceptance and publication through the publisher’s open access portal, Open SI (http://opensi.si.edu). Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 www.scholarlypress.si.edu The rights to all text and images in this publication are owned either by the contributing authors or third parties. Fair use of materials is permitted for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify the content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Users are responsible for securing permission from a rights holder for any other use.
    [Show full text]
  • COA Supplement No. 1 a Review of National and International Regulations Concerned with Collection, Importation
    Page 2 COA Supplement No. 1 In 1972, a group of shell collectors saw the need for a national organization devoted to the interests of shell collec- tors; to the beauty of shells, to their scientific aspects, and to the collecting and preservation of mollusks. This was the start of COA. Our member- AMERICAN CONCHOLOGIST, the official publication of the Conchol- ship includes novices, advanced collectors, scientists, and shell dealers ogists of America, Inc., and issued as part of membership dues, is published from around the world. In 1995, COA adopted a conservation resolution: quarterly in March, June, September, and December, printed by JOHNSON Whereas there are an estimated 100,000 species of living mollusks, many PRESS OF AMERICA, INC. (JPA), 800 N. Court St., P.O. Box 592, Pontiac, IL 61764. All correspondence should go to the Editor. ISSN 1072-2440. of great economic, ecological, and cultural importance to humans and Articles in AMERICAN CONCHOLOGIST may be reproduced with whereas habitat destruction and commercial fisheries have had serious ef- proper credit. We solicit comments, letters, and articles of interest to shell fects on mollusk populations worldwide, and whereas modern conchology collectors, subject to editing. Opinions expressed in “signed” articles are continues the tradition of amateur naturalists exploring and documenting those of the authors, and are not necessarily the opinions of Conchologists the natural world, be it resolved that the Conchologists of America endors- of America. All correspondence pertaining to articles published herein es responsible scientific collecting as a means of monitoring the status of or generated by reproduction of said articles should be directed to the Edi- mollusk species and populations and promoting informed decision making tor.
    [Show full text]
  • Updates on the Status of Tridacna Crocea in the Philippines with Notes on Molecular Approach Analysis
    Updates on the status of Tridacna crocea in the Philippines with Notes on Molecular Approach Analysis Jane Abigail Santiago1, Raymond Vincent Castillo1, Lota Creencia 2 and Ma. Carmen Lagman1,* 1 Biology Department, De La Salle University 2 College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines University *corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract: The collection sites of Tridacna crocea in the Philippines was listed based on the previous studies from 1986 up to the present date. Eighteen (18) studies showed the wide distribution of T. crocea within the country. New samples were also added to the collection by the present study from Ulugan Bay and Honda Bay in Puerto Princesa Palawan. First record of T. crocea in Batanes Island was also presented by this study using molecular approach identification. The amplified mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) sequences of T. crocea and the sequences from Genbank of the Tridacna maxima, Tridacna squamosa, Tridacna noae and outgroup were used to construct Neighbour Joining and Maximum Likelihood tree. The information in this study contributes to the growing data on genetics of the giant clams (Cardiidae: Tridacninae). This can serve as a guide to the possible population structure and adaptation patterns of habitat associated marine invertebrate species. Key Words: Tridacna crocea, Giant clam, Phylogenetics, Philippines, Checklist, COI 1. INTRODUCTION (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Brood-stock imported from Palau and Solomon Islands of Tridacna Giant clams (Cardiidae: Tridacninae) are were made to protect its population (Gomez and locally known as taklobo in the Philippines. Two Alcala, 1988; Gomez et al., 2006) although most of the extant genera are under Tridacninae subfamily which restocking efforts in the Philippine mainly focuses are Hippopus (2 species) and Tridacna (9 extant with Tridacna gigas.
    [Show full text]