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COA Supplement No. 1 a Review of National and International Regulations Concerned with Collection, Importation

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COA Supplement No. 1 a Review of National and International Regulations Concerned with Collection, Importation Page 2 COA Supplement No. 1 In 1972, a group of shell collectors saw the need for a national organization devoted to the interests of shell collec- tors; to the beauty of shells, to their scientific aspects, and to the collecting and preservation of mollusks. This was the start of COA. Our member- AMERICAN CONCHOLOGIST, the official publication of the Conchol- ship includes novices, advanced collectors, scientists, and shell dealers ogists of America, Inc., and issued as part of membership dues, is published from around the world. In 1995, COA adopted a conservation resolution: quarterly in March, June, September, and December, printed by JOHNSON Whereas there are an estimated 100,000 species of living mollusks, many PRESS OF AMERICA, INC. (JPA), 800 N. Court St., P.O. Box 592, Pontiac, IL 61764. All correspondence should go to the Editor. ISSN 1072-2440. of great economic, ecological, and cultural importance to humans and Articles in AMERICAN CONCHOLOGIST may be reproduced with whereas habitat destruction and commercial fisheries have had serious ef- proper credit. We solicit comments, letters, and articles of interest to shell fects on mollusk populations worldwide, and whereas modern conchology collectors, subject to editing. Opinions expressed in “signed” articles are continues the tradition of amateur naturalists exploring and documenting those of the authors, and are not necessarily the opinions of Conchologists the natural world, be it resolved that the Conchologists of America endors- of America. All correspondence pertaining to articles published herein es responsible scientific collecting as a means of monitoring the status of or generated by reproduction of said articles should be directed to the Edi- mollusk species and populations and promoting informed decision making tor. in regulatory processes intended to safeguard mollusks and their habitats. MEMBERSHIP is for the calendar year, January-December, late mem- berships are retroactive to January. 2017 DUES: $25; postal surcharge: USA OFFICERS none ($5 additional for USA first class), $5 for Canada and Mexico (total of $30), $15 for all other countries (total of $40). New members apply to Kar- President: Harry G. Lee Immediate Past President: José Leal lynn Morgan, Membership Director. Please pay in U.S. dollars ($), or with a 4132 Ortega Forest Dr. 3075 Sanibel-Captiva Road check on a U.S. bank with Transit Enrouting and Account Numbers printed Jacksonville, FL 32210 Sanibel, FL 33957-1580 at the bottom, or with money order. Make checks payable to: CONCHOL- [email protected] (239) 395-2233 OGISTS OF AMERICA. Notify Membership Director with change of ad- [email protected] Vice President: Wayne Humbird dress. 54 Tamarind Ct. Awards & Endowments Director: BACK ISSUES are available from Karlynn Morgan, Membership Direc- Lake Jackson, TX 77566-3127 Donald Dan tor. Prices: prior to 1999, $3 each, 2000 to 2008 $4 each, 2009 to current, $5 [email protected] 6704 Overlook Drive each; postage extra. Treasurer: Steven Coker Ft. Myers, FL 33919 202 Canyon Oak Dr. (239) 481-6704 Lake Jackson, TX 77566 [email protected] (979) 297-0852 Convention Coordinator: Advertising in AMERICAN CONCHOLOGIST is presented as a ser- [email protected] Anne Joffe vice to our membership, but does not automatically imply endorse- Secretary: Phyllis Gray 1163 Kittiwake Circle ment of the advertisers by the AMERICAN CONCHOLOGIST staff 1212 S. Eola Drive Sanibel, FL 33957-3605 or the Conchologists of America, Inc. Advertising space is avail- Orlando, FL 32806-2218 [email protected] able at the following rates: Black & White: 1/2 page, $600 per year (407) 422-0253 Member at Large: or $200 per issue; 1/4 page, $300 per year or $100 per issue; 1/8 [email protected] Jim Brunner page, $150 per year or $50 per issue. Color: 1/2 page, $1050 per Membership: Karlynn Morgan 2511 Parkwood Drive year or $350 per issue; 1/4 page, $525 per year or $175 per issue; PO Box 11703 Panama City, FL 32405-4444 1/8 page, $262.50 per year or $87.50 per issue. Deadlines are as [email protected] Winston Salem, NC 27116-1703 follows: #1 Jan 15, #2 Apr 1, #3 July 11, #4 Oct 1. High-resolu- [email protected] Member at Large: tion digital images, slides, or prints may be changed every issue. Trustee: Everett Long Doug Wolfe 109 Shore Dr., Shell Landing Copy changes $25. Send advertising copy to the editor, Tom Eich- 422 Shoreline Drive horst, 4528 Quartz Dr. N.E., Rio Rancho, NM 87124-4908, USA, Swansboro, NC 28584-7204 Beaufort, NC 28516-7861 [email protected] (252) 728-3501 email: [email protected]. Payments should be made to: Betty [email protected] Lipe, 11771 96th Place, Seminole, FL 33772, USA. Make checks Editor: Thomas E. Eichhorst 4528 Quartz Dr. N.E. Member at Large: Ed Shuller (in US dollars on a US bank) payable to Conchologists of America. Rio Rancho, NM 87124-4908 409 S. Carroll Street (505) 896-0904 Apex, NC 27539-5360 [email protected] [email protected] Editor: Advertising Director: Tom Eichhorst Betty Lipe 4528 Quartz Dr. N.E. 11771 96th Place Rio Rancho, NM 87124-4908 Seminole, FL 33772-2235 (505) 896-0904 [email protected] Historian: Alan Gettleman Academic Grants Chairwoman: 2225 Tanglewood Lane Jann Vendetti [email protected] Merritt Island, FL 32953-4287 Twila Bratcher Endowed Chair in (321)-536-2896 Malacological Research Staff: Lynn & Richard Scheu COA Webmasters: [email protected] Nat. Hist. Museum of L.A. County Marcus Coltro & Website Administrator: 900 Exposition Blvd. Carlos Henckes Los Angeles, CA 90007 Marcus Coltro EDITORIAL BOARD 1688 West Avenue apt 805 [email protected] Miami Beach, FL 33139 Donald Dan José H. Leal Bruce Neville [email protected] Emilio Garcia Harry G. Lee G. Thomas Watters January 2017 American Conchologist Page 3 A Review of National and International Regulations Concerned with Collection, Importation and Exportation of Shells (Mollusca) Douglas A. Wolfe Harry G. Lee 109 Shore Drive 4132 Ortega Forest Drive Beaufort, NC 28516 Jacksonville, FL 32210 [email protected] [email protected] Contents Introduction --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Organizational Abbreviations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 U.S. and International Law Governing Protection of Mollusks and Prohibitions and Restrictions on Import to the United States ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 (1) 7 CFR 330.200 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 (2) 18 U.S. Code § 42 (Lacey Act) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 (3) 50 CFR 17.11 - Endangered and threatened wildlife - Endangered Species Act (ESA) ----------------------------- 5 (4) CITES: Enforced under 50 CFR Part 23 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 USFWS Permit and Declaration Requirements and Inspection Authority for Shells Being Imported to the United States -- 6 Discussion of Permitting, Declaration and Clearance Regs as They Pertain Specifically to Shells (Mollusca) and to Various Categories of Collectors & Importers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 Regulations and Information Sources pertaining to Restrictions on Collection and Export of Shells from Other Countries - 10 The IUCN Red List ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 12 Numbers of IUCN Red Listed Mollusk Species by Country for two Combinations of Assessment Category ---------------- 13 FAA restrictions of relevance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 Summary Conclusions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 Appendix 1: CITES Appendices 1 & 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 Appendix 2: ESA -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 Appendix 3: IUCN Red List ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 Front cover: Some of the 24 marine molluscan species banned from collection, possession, or trade in India (see: p. 12 and http://indiansacredconch.blogspot.com). Names (as listed by Indian authorities) clockwise from top left, inward spiral): Cassis cornuta, Charonia tritonis, Conus milneedwardsi, Cypraea mappa, Cypraea limacina, Cypraea talpa, Cypraecassis rufa, Fasciolaria trapezium, Harpulina arausiaca, Lambis chiragra, Lambis chiragra arthritica, Lambis crocata, Lambis millepeda, Lambis scorpius, Lambis truncata, Nautilus pompilius, Placuna placenta, Strombus plica- tus sibbaldi, Trochus niloticus, Turbo marmoratus, and Tudicla spirillus. Not shown are Hippopus hippopus, Tridacna maxima, and T. squamosa. Images from femorale.com, wikipedia.com, and the editor. Back cover: Some of the 36 marine molluscan species banned from collection, possession, or trade in the Philip- pines (see: p. 12 and http://www.conchology.be/?t=1000). Names (as listed by Philippine authorities) left to right:
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