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The Hispanization of Chamacoco Syntax
DOI: 10.26346/1120-2726-170 The hispanization of Chamacoco syntax Luca Ciucci Language and Culture Research Centre, James Cook University, Australia <[email protected]> This paper investigates contact-driven syntactic change in Chamacoco (a.k.a. Ɨshɨr ahwoso), a Zamucoan language with about 2,000 speakers in Paraguay. Chamacoco syntax was originally characterized by a low number of conjunc- tions, like its cognate Ayoreo. Although Chamacoco shows transfers from other neighboring languages, a turning point in language change was the beginning of regular contacts with Western society around the year 1885. Since then, Spanish has exerted a growing influence on Chamacoco, affecting all levels of linguistic analysis. Most speakers are today Chamacoco-Spanish bilingual, and the lan- guage is endangered. Chamacoco has borrowed some conjunctions from Spanish, and new clause combining strategies have replaced older syntactic structures. Other function words introduced from Spanish include temporal adverbs, dis- course markers, quantifiers and prepositions. I discuss their uses, the reasons for their borrowing and their interaction with original Chamacoco function words. Some borrowed function words can combine with autochthonous conjunctions to create new subordinators that are calques from Spanish compound subor- dinating conjunctions. This resulted in remarkable syntactic complexification. Chamacoco comparatives, modeled on the Spanish ones, are also likely instances of contact-induced complexification, since there are reasons to surmise that Chamacoco originally lacked dedicated comparative structures. Keywords: Chamacoco, clause combining, comparatives, coordination, function words, language contact, South American Indigenous languages, subordination, syntax, Zamucoan. 1. Introduction This study analyzes the influence exerted by Spanish on the syntax of Chamacoco, a Zamucoan language of northern Paraguay. -
PUEBLOS INDÍGENOS AISLADOS En La Amazonia Y El Gran Chaco “™"!2008
www.flacsoandes.edu.ec \J S e ‘X x o l 8 PUEBLOS INDÍGENOS AISLADOS en la Amazonia y el Gran Chaco “™"!2008 UN APORTE DE ECUADOR A LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE UNA POLÍTICA REGIONAL m 3 o S . S g 5 É > 2 > e Publicado por ■ Ministerio del Ambiente de Ecuador - Plan de Medidas Cautelares para la Protección de los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados ■ Programa para la Conservación y Manejo Sostenible del Patrimonio Natural y Cultural de la Reserva de la Biósfera Yasuní FLACSO N E : ... NB: . 5IS 1... BÍBLIÜTECA-FLACSO-EC F echa ... ./. ¿zJ& c-tsP . Z P fR . ., P r e c i o ........... .................................................... P roveedor............... .................. C a n je ............................................................ .Jonación. ...m .v ........................ Levantamiento de textos ■ Poema Carrión Revisión y edición de textos ■ Alejandro Aguirre Edición final ■ Alejandra Adoum ■ 2010 Quito, Ecuador PUEBLOS *JDÍGENAS A 3LAD0S EN LA AMAZCArA y EL GRAN CHACO Prólogo Pueblos Indígenas Aislados y 7 en Contacto Inicial en la Amazonia y el Gran Chaco Beatriz Huertas La salud como problema clave 15 en la situación de los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados Neptalí Cueva La Política Pública 33 para Indígenas Aislados y de Contacto Reciente en Brasil Antenor Vaz Los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados 45 en Paraguay y Bolivia 4 Bernardo Fischermann I La Iniciativa Amotocodie 53 y los pueblos Ayoreo 5 del Paraguay Miguel Ángel Alarcón El Plan de Medidas Cautelares 69 como parte de la política específica de protección a los Pueblos Indígenas Aislados en -
Captive Communities: Situation of the Guaraní Indigenous People and Contemporary Forms of Slavery in the Bolivian Chaco
INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 24 December 2009 Original: Spanish CAPTIVE COMMUNITIES: SITUATION OF THE GUARANÍ INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF SLAVERY IN THE BOLIVIAN CHACO 2009 Internet: http://www.cidh.org E‐mail: [email protected] OAS Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. Comunidades cautivas : situación del pueblo indígena guaraní y formas contemporáneas de esclavitud en el Chaco de Bolivia = Captive communities : situation of the Guaraní indigenous people and contemporary forms of slavery in the Bolivian Chaco / Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights. p. ; cm. (OEA documentos oficiales ; OEA/Ser.L)(OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L) ISBN 978‐0‐8270‐5433‐2 1. Guarani Indians‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 2. Guarani Indians‐‐Slavery‐‐ Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 3. Indigenous peoples‐‐Slavery‐‐Bolivia‐‐Chaco region. 4. Indigenous peoples‐‐Human rights‐‐Bolivia. 5. Indigenous peoples‐‐Civil rights‐‐ Bolivia. I. Title. II Series. III. Series. OAS official records ; OEA/Ser.L. OEA/Ser.L/V/II. Doc. 58 Approved by the Inter‐American Commission on Human Rights on December 24, 2009 INTER‐AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS MEMBERS Luz Patricia Mejía Guerrero Víctor E. Abramovich Felipe González Sir Clare Kamau Roberts Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro Florentín Meléndez Paolo G. Carozza ****** Executive Secretary: Santiago A. Canton Assistant Executive Secretary: Elizabeth Abi‐Mershed The IACHR thanks the Governments of Denmark and Spain for the financial support that made it possible to carry out the working and supervisory visit to Bolivia from June 9 to 13, 2008, as well as the preparation of this report. -
“Black Tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) with a Remarkable New Country Record
https://doi.org/10.30456/AVO.2019205 Avocetta 43: 149-158 (2019) Status and distribution of Paraguayan “Black Tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) with a remarkable new country record PAUL SMITH1,2, KEVIN EASLEY3 1 FAUNA Paraguay, Encarnación, Dpto. Itapúa, Paraguay; www.faunaparaguay.com Contact email: [email protected] 2 Para La Tierra, Centro IDEAL - Mariscal Estigarribia 321 c/ Tte. Capurro, Pilar, Dpto. Ñeembucú, Paraguay www.paralatierra.org. 3 Costa Rica Gateway - San José, Costa Rica Abstract – “Black-tyrants” (Tyrannidae: Knipolegus) are a distinctive Neotropical genus of flycatchers with black or dark grey males and brownish or reddish females. Five species have previously been reported in Paraguay and a discussion of all verifiable reports is provided. Knipolegus striaticeps is considered resident and a presumed breeder, but no nest has yet been reported. Knipolegus hudsoni is consid- ered a passage migrant in September and October. Knipolegus cyanirostris is considered a winter visitor. Knipolegus aterrimus is known from few records in the Chaco region, and is possibly a rare altitudinal migrant. The status of Knipolegus lophotes requires further inves- tigation, with Paraguay representing the western extreme of its known range. The first report of Knipolegus poecilurus for the country is documented with photographs. This high-Andean species is considered to be a vagrant pending further information. Key-words: Knipolegus aterrimus, Knipolegus cyanirostris, Knipolegus hudsoni, Knipolegus lophotes, Knipolegus poecilurus, Knipo- legus striaticeps. INTRODUCTION In order to coordinate observer effort and update pub- lished distributional data, here we critically review the dis- The genus Knipolegus consists of 10 species that are dis- tribution of the genus Knipolegus in the country (Fig.1a), tributed throughout most of South America (Farmsworth comment on their status and report an additional and quite & Langham 2004). -
Paraguay: Indigenous Peoples' Survival at Risk
UA: 284/14 Index: AMR 45/010/2014 Paraguay Date: 10 November 2014 URGENT ACTION INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ SURVIVAL AT RISK Land that the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous people claim as their traditional territory has been invaded in the department of Alto Paraguay in the north of the country. This threatens the survival of the Indigenous peoples living in voluntary isolation in this area. During an inspection carried out on 21 October, the Ayoreo Totobiegosode Indigenous people verified that the owner of the neighbouring estate, a cattle ranching company, was building a fence in the land they claim as part of their traditional territory. This particular piece of land was registered in 1997 as property Registration Number RO3 236 of the Ayoreo Totobiegosode, in the department of Puerto Casado, Alto Paraguay, Chaco. According to the rganization People, Environment and Territory (Gente, Ambiente y Territorio, GAT) and the Organization Payipie Ichadie Totobiegosode (OPIT) in 2012 a licence was given by the Ministry of Environment (Secretaría del Ambiente, SEAM) allowing the neighbouring company to exploit an extension of land that included part of the Ayoreo property Registration Number RO3 236, and that is larger than the land legally owned by the firm. This situation puts the Jonoine–urasade, a group of the Ayoreo Totobiesgosode who live in voluntary isolation, in a particularly serious danger given the risk of unwanted contact, further deforestation and irreversible degradation of their natural territory, which puts their livelihoods and cultural and physical survival at risk. On 21 October, legal representatives of the Ayoreo Totobiegosode presented a formal complaint reporting the invasion of the land legally owned by the Indigenous peoples and demanding that the construction of the fence be immediately stopped. -
Bulletin — February 2017
Language and CuLture researCh Centre College of Arts, Society and Education — James Cook University PO Box 6811, Cairns, North Queensland, 4870, Australia Director: Distinguished Professor A.Y.Aikhenvald; Deputy-Director: Professor R.M.W. Dixon [email protected] [email protected] Bulletin — February 2017 The Language and Culture Research Centre (LCRC) is nested within the College of Arts, Society and Education (Dean, Professor Nola Alloway) and works in association with the Cairns Institute (Director, Professor Stewart Lockie) at James Cook University. Overview Now in its ninth year, the Language and Culture Research Centre maintained — and indeed enhanced — its stature as a leading international centre for the inductive study of linguistic typology. We are the only linguistics research centre (or department) in the world all of whose PhD students are producing a theoretically-informed grammatical description of a previously undescribed (or poorly known) language. The Directors were awarded another Discovery Project from the Australian Research Council on 'The integration of language and society'. Co- investigators are Dr Nerida Jarkey of the University of Sydney, Professor Maarten Mous, from the University of Leiden, and Professor Anne Storch, from the University of Cologne. This is in addition to the continuing Australian Laureate Fellowship, plus other ARC Discovery and Linkage grants, and also a competitive grant received under the Universities Australia-Germany Joint Research Co-operation Scheme. LCRC currently has three Post-Doctoral Research Fellows working on languages from South America. Two new Research Fellow positions will shortly be advertised: one for five years to work in any area of languages of the tropics, and to assist with the supervision of PhD students, and another for two years to work on a language from Papua New Guinea. -
The Giant Armadillo of the Gran Chaco
The Giant Armadillo of the Gran Chaco A giant armadillo Priodontes maximus at the Saenz-Peña Zoo in South America raises up, balancing with its tail, a common posture for this large species. Venezuela The Guianas: Guyana hat’s the size of Texas and Arizona combined, reaches temperatures Suriname French Guiana Wof 115 degrees Fahrenheit, has plants with 15-inch-long thorns, Colombia and houses an armadillo larger than a coffee table? The South American Gran Chaco, where giant armadillos wander freely. The Gran Chaco region covers more than 1 million square kilometers of Argentina, Bolivia, Perú Brazil Paraguay, and Brazil, with approximately 60 percent in Argentina and Bolivia just 7 percent in Brazil. The region is a mosaic of grasslands, savannas, Paraguay • open woodlands, dry thorn forests, and gallery forests that provide a GRAN CHACO 15 range of habitats where some diverse animal species flourish. • In the gallery forests of the humid Chaco, we regularly encounter animals Argentina that are associated with tropical and subtropical forests, like jaguars, owl monkeys, howler monkeys, peccaries, deer, tapirs, and various kinds of eden- tates, a group of mammals that includes sloths, anteaters, and armadillos. The Gran Chaco—from the Quechua Although there are no sloths in the Chaco, we regularly find lesser anteaters 2003 and sometimes come across giant anteaters. Both the nine-banded armadillo, Indian language of Bolivia for “great hunting ground”—crosses four coun- also found in Texas, and the tatu bola, or three-banded armadillo, which you tries and encompasses an area the can see at the Wild Animal Park’s Animal Care Center and the San Diego Zoo’s size of Texas and Arizona combined. -
Deductions Suggested by the Geographcial Distribution of Some
Deductions suggested by the geographcial distribution of some post-Columbian words used by the Indians of S. America, by Erland Nordenskiöld. no.5 Nordenskiöld, Erland, 1877-1932. [Göteborg, Elanders boktryckeri aktiebolag, 1922] http://hdl.handle.net/2027/inu.32000000635047 Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google This work is deemed to be in the public domain in the United States of America. It may not be in the public domain in other countries. Copies are provided as a preservation service. Particularly outside of the United States, persons receiving copies should make appropriate efforts to determine the copyright status of the work in their country and use the work accordingly. It is possible that heirs or the estate of the authors of individual portions of the work, such as illustrations, assert copyrights over these portions. Depending on the nature of subsequent use that is made, additional rights may need to be obtained independently of anything we can address. The digital images and OCR of this work were produced by Google, Inc. (indicated by a watermark on each page in the PageTurner). Google requests that the images and OCR not be re-hosted, redistributed or used commercially. The images are provided for educational, scholarly, non-commercial purposes. Generated for Eduardo Ribeiro (University of Chicago) on 2011-12-10 23:30 GMT / Public Domain in the United States, Google-digitized http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-us-google Generated for Eduardo Ribeiro -
The “Person” Category in the Zamuco Languages. a Diachronic Perspective
On rare typological features of the Zamucoan languages, in the framework of the Chaco linguistic area Pier Marco Bertinetto Luca Ciucci Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa The Zamucoan family Ayoreo ca. 4500 speakers Old Zamuco (a.k.a. Ancient Zamuco) spoken in the XVIII century, extinct Chamacoco (Ɨbɨtoso, Tomarâho) ca. 1800 speakers The Zamucoan family The first stable contact with Zamucoan populations took place in the early 18th century in the reduction of San Ignacio de Samuco. The Jesuit Ignace Chomé wrote a grammar of Old Zamuco (Arte de la lengua zamuca). The Chamacoco established friendly relationships by the end of the 19th century. The Ayoreos surrended rather late (towards the middle of the last century); there are still a few nomadic small bands in Northern Paraguay. The Zamucoan family Main typological features -Fusional structure -Word order features: - SVO - Genitive+Noun - Noun + Adjective Zamucoan typologically rare features Nominal tripartition Radical tenselessness Nominal aspect Affix order in Chamacoco 3 plural Gender + classifiers 1 person ø-marking in Ayoreo realis Traces of conjunct / disjunct system in Old Zamuco Greater plural and clusivity Para-hypotaxis Nominal tripartition Radical tenselessness Nominal aspect Affix order in Chamacoco 3 plural Gender + classifiers 1 person ø-marking in Ayoreo realis Traces of conjunct / disjunct system in Old Zamuco Greater plural and clusivity Para-hypotaxis Nominal tripartition All Zamucoan languages present a morphological tripartition in their nominals. The base-form (BF) is typically used for predication. The singular-BF is (Ayoreo & Old Zamuco) or used to be (Cham.) the basis for any morphological operation. The full-form (FF) occurs in argumental position. -
Possessive Inflection in Proto-Zamucoan a Reconstruction
Possessive inflection in Proto-Zamucoan A reconstruction Luca Ciucci and Pier Marco Bertinetto Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa This paper presents a comparative analysis of possessive inflection in the three known Zamucoan languages: Ayoreo and Chamacoco – still spoken in the Chaco area between Bolivia and Paraguay – plus †Old Zamuco, described by the Jesuit father Ignace Chomé in the first half of the 18th century. The comparison allows us to build a plausible reconstruction of Proto-Zamucoan possessive in- flection. Old Zamuco appears to be the most conservative language among the three, while Chamacoco appears to be the most innovative, although it exhibits relics of special importance for reconstructive purposes. Our analysis identifies in Zamucoan a series of features of general interest for the typology of person marking. Keywords: person marking, diachronic reconstruction, possessive morphology, verb morphology, Zamucoan languages, kinship terms, syncretism in person/ number marking, Chaco region 1. Introduction 1 This paper proposes a reconstruction of the possessive morphology of Zamucoan, an underdescribed language family spoken in the Chaco region, between Bolivia and Paraguay. The family consists of three documented languages: Ayoreo, Chamacoco 1. This paper is largely based on the comparative analysis of Ciucci (2016) [2013]. The authors share responsibility for any claims made. The Ayoreo and Chamacoco examples are offered in phonemic transcription (with no delimiting slashes) for ease of reading. The transcriptions of Old Zamuco are based on Chomé (1958 [ante 1745]) as reinterpreted according to our knowledge of Ayoreo and Chamacoco phonology (for a discussion, see Bertinetto 2014 [2009] and Ciucci 2016 [2013]). In the few cases of uncertain interpretation, we added Chomé’s transcription between angled brackets. -
World Bank Document
Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: PAD1365-BO INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT ON A PROPOSED LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF US$200 MILLION Public Disclosure Authorized AND A PROPOSED CREDIT IN THE AMOUNT OF US$30 MILLION TO THE PLURINATIONAL STATE OF BOLIVIA FOR A SANTA CRUZ ROAD CORRIDOR CONNECTOR PROJECT (SAN IGNACIO – SAN JOSE) Public Disclosure Authorized December 13, 2016 Transport and ICT Global Practice Public Disclosure Authorized Latin America and the Caribbean Region This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective June 1, 2016) Currency Unit = Bolivian bolivianos (BOB) BOB 6.91 = US$1.00 US$1.00 = SDR 1.40 FISCAL YEAR January 1 – December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ABC Bolivian Road Agency (Administradora Boliviana de Carreteras) AC Asphalt Concrete AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CReCE Contracts for Rehabilitation and Achievement of Standards (Contratos de Rehabilitación y Cumplimiento de Estándares) CUT Treasury Single Account (Cuenta Única Tesoro) DBMOT Design-Build-Maintain-Operate-Transfer DST Double Surface Treatment EMP Environment Management Plan EIA Environmental Impact -
Tribes of Eastern Bolivia and the Madeira Headwaters
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 143 HANDBOOK OF SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS Julian H. Steward, Editor Volume 3 THE TROPICAL FOREST TRIBES Prepared in Cooperation With the United States Department of State as a Project of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation Extraído do volume 3 (1948) Handbook of South American Indians. Disponível para download em http://www.etnolinguistica.org/hsai UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1948 For aale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Goyernment Frintinc Office. Washington 25, D. C. TRIBES OF EASTERN BOLIVIA AND THE MADEIRA HEADWATERS By Alfred Metraux THE CHIQUITOANS AND OTHER TRIBES OF THE PROVINCE OF CHIQUITOS TRIBAL DIVISIONS AND LANGUAGES It is extremely difficult to obtain a clear picture of the linguistic affili- ations or even of the exact locations of the tribes of the region known as the Province of Chiquitos, bordered on the south by the Chaco desert, on the east by the Paraguay River and by the marshes of its upper course, on the west by the Rio Grande (Guapay River), and on the north by a line more or less corresponding to lat. 15° W. (map 1, No. 2 ; map 4). The chronicles of the Conquest, the official documents and reports of local authorities, and later the letters and accounts of the Jesuits teem with names of tribes and subtribes, but seldom mention their linguistic affiliation and even their location. From the beginning of the Conquest, the Indians of the area just defined have been called Chiquito, "the small ones," irrespective of their linguistic family or culture.