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Krikor Tersakian: Murex: the Imperial Purple Dye of Tyre

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Krikor Tersakian: Murex: the Imperial Purple Dye of Tyre 12/14/11 Krikor Tersakian: Murex: The Imperial Purple Dye of Tyre Krikor Tersakian Select Language Powered by Translate Home Dec 28, 2010 Murex: The Imperial Purple Dye of Tyre E-mail contact (please indicate your e-mail adress in message) Subscribe / Follow this website / !"#$%$&'()*+,'- Join this site with Google Friend Connect Members (36) More » Already a member? Sign in Dye Murex, Trunculariopsis (Murex) trunculus can be frequently seen on the muddy-rocky and/or algae WebSite visitors from around our covered intertidal-sub-tidal zones of the Mediterranean - Aegean system. A gland situated under the gills secretes small World: a mucous liquid which may produce yellow, green, blue, red or the famous "royal purple" colors of the ancient Mediterranean peoples, according to the method used. (Photo credit: Mehmet Atatur http://www.treknature.com For Kings only: the Tyrian Purple The Emperors of Byzantium made a law forbidding anybody from using Tyrian Purple except themselves. The www.ktersakian.com/2010/12/murex-imperial-purple-dye-of-tyre.html 1/26 12/14/11 Krikor Tersakian: Murex: The Imperial Purple Dye of Tyre expression ‘born in the purple’ rose from this practice. But what is the amazing story behind these prohibitively expensive and legendary dyes today costing over 3 Million US$ a liter? Three thousand years ago the Phoenicians controlled trade in purple dyed silks. The gland of the sea-snail Murex trunculus secretes a yellow fluid that, when exposed to sunlight, turns purple-blue. A similar dye, the Tyrian Purple was made from the Murex brandaris yielding purple red colors. Both dyes were extremely expensive. Ancient Phoenicia is renowned to have given the world the first phonetic (non syllable) based alphabet, a Mediterranean mercantile tradition with colonies like Carthage, and flourishing civilization the ancient Greeks owed a lot to. One lesser known contribution of the ancient "Lebanese" is the Purple Dye which came to be known as the Imperial Purple, that the Phoenicians of the city state Tyre extracted from the sea snail mollusks called Murex".The word 'purple' comes from the Old English purpul which originates from the Latin purpura. This in turn is derived from the Koine Greek !"#$%#& (porphyra), name of the Tyrian purple dye manufactured in classical antiquity from a mucus secreted by the spiny dye-murex snail such as Murex trunculus and Murex brandaris. This extremely expensive dye was prized since ancient times and by the time of the Romans, the noblemen had already used it to color ceremonial robes and that became a royal "tradition" around the world. The most unusual aspect of Tyrian purple is the extracted color itself and its variations. In solution, the snail secretion color is blue but as a dye in the solid state it is purple. Just in case you just have to touch up an original Roman textile you can get genuine Tyrian purple dyes for $3,900 a gram or more than $3,000,000 a liter (2)! About me Silk and Murex Dye: Krikor Tersakian Among the more unlikely “marriages” arranged by human ingenuity is the one between the Chinese domesticated Montreal, Quebec, silk moth, Bombyx mori, and the Mediterranean sea snails Murex. The Murex dye, when brought together with Canada silk, led to the world’s longest-lasting fashion statement.This fragment from an 11th-century Byzantine robe I have an obsessive shows griffins embroidered on a delicate silk woven of murex-dyed threads. (6). Sion Switzerland, Église de Valère, interest in Humanities and History. The Riggisberg (Philippa Scott, Saudi Aramco World) complex and intricate interrelation of all these fields fascinates me. The Harvesting The Tyrian Purple Murex: creative genius of humans along with The mollusks needed by the Phoenicians were obtained with great difficulty. The Mediterranean sea has no tides the good and not-so-good instincts and therefore does not uncover its shores at low water like the oceans. The mollusks prefer tolerably deep water puzzle me and leave me amazed and and to procure them in any quantity it was necessary that they should be fished up from a certain depth: A long a bit worried about our future.I am a rope was let down into the sea, with baskets of reeds or rushes attached to it at intervals, constructed like lobster- career Agricultural Engineer and traps baskets, with an opening that yielded easily to pressure from the outside, but resisted pressure from the History Major (Honor, Concordia University, Montreal). Contact: inside, and made escape, when once the trap was entered, impossible. The baskets were baited with mussels or [email protected] frogs, both of which had great attractions for the Murex /Purpuræ/, and were seized and devoured with avidity. At the upper end of the rope was attached to a large piece of cork, which, even when the baskets were full, could not View my complete profile be drawn under water. It was usual to set the traps in the evening,and after waiting a night, or sometimes a night and a day, to draw them up to the surface, when they were generally found to be full of the coveted Murex. (3).The snails were collected in large vats and left to decompose. Member, Golden Key Intl. Honour Not much is known about the subsequent steps, and the actual ancient method for mass-producing the two murex Society - Academics dyes has not yet been successfully reconstructed; this special “blackish clotted blood” colour, which was prized above all others, is believed to be achieved by double-dipping the cloth, once in the indigo dye of H. trunculus and once in the purple-red dye of M. brandaris (5). The Phoenicians established also a production facilities outside their traditional Lebanese shores, such as the one at Iles Purpuraires at Mogador, in Morocco. www.ktersakian.com/2010/12/murex-imperial-purple-dye-of-tyre.html 2/26 12/14/11 Krikor Tersakian: Murex: The Imperial Purple Dye of Tyre Blog Archive ! 2011 (4) Murex Purple dye and closely associated "royal" colors, so difficult to get in ancient times. There has been much speculation as to the precise colour the process actually produced by the Murex. Because of many variables " 2010 (5) in the process, Murex didn't produce any one colour. Sometimes the colour was the same as the flower “violets”, " December (1) sometimes very similar to fuchsia. But garments of Tyrian Purple were supposedly produced by double-dyeing the Murex: The Imperial fabric, which gave a darker colour. Consequently, the colour produced in that process wasn't “purple” as we Purple Dye of Tyre understand purple but a dark crimson or even maroon (8). ! September (1) Worth its Weight in Diamond ! May (1) ! March (1) ! January (1) It is believed that it generally takes 12,000 snails to produce just 1.4 grams of this dye. Because of this, it was so expensive, that the historian Theopompus reported that,“Purple for dyes fetched its weight in silver”. Yet, there ! 2009 (19) was a craze for this dye as a status symbol. In fact the Emperors of Byzantium made a law forbidding anybody from using it except themselves. The expression ‘born in the purple’ rose from this practice. Dyes ancient, Dyes modern Until modern times, all dyes were made in a similar manner, from animal sources and more often, plant sources. For example, cochineal (which gives a crimson colour) was made from the scale insect Kermes vermilio. To make one pound of dye, 70,000 insect bodies were boiled, dried, powdered and boiled again in ammonia. The red dye was then extracted by filtration and precipitation by alum. Indigo was extracted from leaves of the indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria). In 1909, Paul Friedländer discovered the chemical structure of Tyrian Purple (now called 6,6-dibromoindigo) and by then, the nature of the dye industry had completely changed. New dyes were now being made from the by-products of coal extraction. The first of these was mauve, synthesized by the British chemist William Henry Perkin from coal tar in 1856. As these dyes were cheaper and offered a wider range of colors, the need for natural dyes disappeared. And that’s why the clothes we buy today and no longer priced on the basis of colour! (1) "Born in the Purple": Aristocracy and Power Selected recent Comments / Post a comment Comments There are no comments posted yet. Be the first one! Post a new comment Enter text right here! Comment as a Guest, or login: facebook Name Email Website Born in Purple: Byzantium Emperor Justinian I dressed in a robe dyed with Tyrian Purple. Interestingly, unlike (optional) other dyes that faded in sunlight, Tyrian purple would become darker. Displayed next to Not displayed If you have a your comments. publicly. website, link to it here. Imperial Subscribe to Submit Comment Purple: None From www.ktersakian.com/2010/12/murex-imperial-purple-dye-of-tyre.html 3/26 12/14/11 Krikor Tersakian: Murex: The Imperial Purple Dye of Tyre Search by LABELS / !"#$"#%&$# '(&)*" Abdulaziz (1) AbdulHamid (1) Abkhazia (1) Acropolis (1) Ahmanedijad (1) Akoya (1) Al Sabah (1) Ali (1) alphabet (1) Anabaptist (1) Anadolu Kavagi (1) Antrim (1) Appropriation (1) Aqaba (1) Arabian Gulf (1) Aram (1) Arianism (1) Armenia (4) Armenian (3) armenian church (1) Armenian Genocide (1) ashura (1) Assyrian (1) Athenagoras (1) Athens Constantine: until the half of Fifthcentury, the emperors were buried in immense red porphyry sarcophagi . (1) Avebury (1) Azov (1) Bachir Gemayel (2) Marcian (450-457) was the last to be honored with such a burial. For many emperors this stone was the first thing Bachir. Bashir (1) Badarak (1) Baghdad (1) they saw, and the prestigious title “Porphyry Born” common within the emperors of Constantinople, meant they Bahrain (1) Balkan (1) Basj (1) Battle of Sinop (1) saw the light in the magnificent room called “born in the purple room”.
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