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CA 26 Moluscos Nudibranquios De La Costa Tropical

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CA 26 Moluscos Nudibranquios De La Costa Tropical CUADERNOS N0 26 Ao 12 amBientales Octubre 2015 EDITA DOS POR LA CO NCEJ ALCA DE URBA NISM O Y OBR AS PP BLIC AS , Y MEDIO AMBIE NTE E INIC IATIV A UR BAN Moluscos Nudibranquios de la Costa Tropical CUADERNOS amBientales MOLUSCOS NUDIBRANQUIOS DE LA COSTA TROPICAL Aso cia ció n Bu xu s 2520 15 Fernando Aguado Hernández Sergio López González EDITADO POR LA CONCEJALCA DE U RBANISMO Y O BRAS P PBLICAS , Y M EDIO A MBIENTE E INICIATIVA U RBAN DEL A YTO . DE M OTRIL CUADERNOS Mlc ndibani de la Ca Tical am Bien tales cA mi ade, Jan Anni Encanaci(n, a l e d le deb Mlc ndibani 3 in c a nnca hbiea did cneca mi e#i cn el gan a l: EL MAR. (Segi L(e Gn le ) Los nudibranquios o babosas marinas son Estn presenten en todos los mares y oc a- cA mi made, Rai, abajada infaigable, de la e aend# a ama unos seres realmente atractivos, tanto por nos del mundo con unas 5000 especies dife- la ida a enfename al mnd cn na nia (Fenand Agad su variedad de formas, como por sus vivas rentes. En el Mediterrneo existe un nmero Hennde ) coloraciones y comportamiento. Estn consi- indeterminado de especies de estos maravi- derados como los invertebrados ms bellos llosos seres, aunque se cree que podra ser del mar. superior a las 200. cr éditos :F ERNANDO A GUADO H ERNNDEZ Y S ERGIO L PEZ G ONZLEZ :F OTOGRAFA : F ERNANDO A GUADO H ERNNDEZ Y SERGIO L PEZ G ONZLEZ :D IBUJOS : A LEJANDRO S NCHEZ T ALLN EDITA : CONCEJALA DE U RBANISMO Y O BRAS P BLICAS , Y M EDIO A MBIENTE E INICIATIVA U RBAN COORDINADOR DE LA COLECCIN : F ERNANDO A LCALDE R ODRGUEZ ISSN: 1695-8780 DEP . L EGAL : G R. 301-2003 DISEO Y MAQUETACIN : E DUARDO C RUZ C ASANOVA . WWW .VISIONNATURAL .ES 2015 IMPRIME : I MPRENTA C OMERCIAL . M OTRIL PRINTED IN S PAIN -I MPRESO EN E SPAA Agadecimien: Qeem da la gacia a la Cncejal#a de Medi Ambiene a la Aciaci(n B la nidad e n binda de de cmai nea ai(n el ma cn ne cncidadan. No están reservados los derechos. Está permitido reproducir o transmitir esta publicación, total o parcialmente, por cualquier medio. Por favor, difúndalo. 4 Mlc ndibani Fenand Agad-Segi L(e 5 colores vivos, bonitos y llamativos, en la na- advertencia a un posible depredador Ocuidado, Caracteristicas Generales turaleza estos mismos colores se utilizan con soy peligrosoP, asociando el depredador estos carcter defensivo, con un mensaje claro de colores con mal sabor e incluso con veneno. Los Nudibranquios son moluscos que cons- Dependiendo de la especie las fuentes de ali- tituyen un Orden dentro de la Subclase de los mentacin son variadas, algunos se alimentan Opistobranquios, pertenecientes a la Clase de exclusivamente de esponjas, otros de algas y Sistematica los Gasterpodos del Phylum de los Moluscos. otros de hidroides. Para comer utilizan su len- Carecen de concha total o parcialmente aun- gua cornea llamada OrdulaP caracterstica de DENDRONOTACEA ARMINACEA que algunas especies cuando eclosionan pre- todos los gasterpodos, cada especie la adap- sentan un primitivo caparazn larvario que se ta al tipo de alimentacin que tenga, actuando Presentan los rinforos retrctiles; suelen tener Se compone de un grupo pequeo de especies. reduce rpidamente, por lo que en su estadio sta como un cepillo rayador, un cortador o un el borde del manto con numerosos ap ndices Rinforos poco retractiles. Presenta ap ndices adulto se convierten en animales desnudos y raspador. Para las diferentes especies que se dorsales en nmero par. dorsales aunque stos carecen de cnidosacos. aparentemente desprotegidos. alimentan sobre un mismo organismo, evitan Cuenta con unos divertculos digestivos carga- En algunas familias a ambos lados del cuerpo pre- Tras una larga evolucin han desarrollado carac- la competencia con la alternancia temporal de dos de c lulas urticantes de sus vctimas, que senta unas laminillas cuya funcin es respiratoria. tersticas espec[cas como rganos sensitivos sus ciclos de vida, de manera que unas espe- el animal expulsa cuando es hostigado. como los tentculos ceflicos, que adems de cies aparecen en una determinada poca del AEOLIDACEA servirles para orientarse, portan unos primitivos ao y otras en pocas distintas. DORIDACEA ojos. Los rinforos actan como rganos olfati- Todos son hermafroditas simultneos. La fe- Presenta numerosos ap ndices dorsales, casi vos y pueden ser lisos, pinnados o con lamelas. cundacin es cruzada y las puestas tienen una Se caracterizan por presentar la corona bran- siempre [lamentosos y acabados en punta, Otras especies presentan cerca de la boca otros forma espiral con miles de huevos los cuales quial en forma de crculo alrededor del ano en la con cnidosacos. ap ndices llamados tentculos labiales. abandonan a su suerte. parte posterior del noto. Las branquias bipinna- Puede presentar tentculos labiales y propo- El Tamao de estos animales es reducido, os- La falta de concha de estos frgiles animales y das son retrctiles. diales. Tambi n con rinforos, aunque stos cilando entre unos pocos milmetros hasta los por lo tanto la falta de proteccin, es compen- Algunas especies poseen una cierta rigidez en el no se pueden retraer. El ano se encuentra en ms de 16 centmetros. Su ciclo de vida es cor- sada por defensas biolgicas y qumicas, como manto y en su super[cie dorsal. Gracias a la pre - posicin lateral. to, variando desde unas pocas semanas hasta por ejemplo la coloracin aposemtica o adver- sencia de pequeas espinas calcreas sus posi- Este grupo ha desarrollado una estrategia defen- un ao o ms en las especies de mayor tamao. tidora; lo que para nosotros, los humanos, son bles depredadores los rechazan como alimento. siva denominada OCleptodefensaP que consiste en Otros utilizan unas secreciones repelentes no la utilizacin de defensas robadas. Son capaces cidas que son expulsadas cuando el animal se de ingerir c lulas urticantes de sus vctimas, (los siente en peligro. cnematocistos de los hidroideos) e incorporarlas a su propio cuerpo, (ap ndices dorsales) los cuales utilizan para su propia defensa y poder rechazar cualquier ataque de un posible depredador. 6 Mlc ndibani Fenand Agad-Segi L(e 7 Peces serrnidos de la Costa Tropical Especies mas comunes DENDRONOTACEAE Tritonia nilsodhneri (Marcus Ev., 1983) Identi\cacin. Longitud hasta 3.5 cm. Color variable, puede ser blanco, rosa, verde, de- pendiendo de la gorgonia de la que se alimen- te. Adems, el mimetismo se acenta por el hecho de que los penachos branquiales son similares a los plipos del hospedador que puede ser Eunicella verrucosa, E. singularis, Leptogorgia sarmentosa. Biologa . Vive sobre Gorgoniaceos de cuyos plipos se alimenta. Tritonia manicata Tritonia nilsodhneri Tritonia striata Tritonia manicata Biologa . Se encuentra a poca profundidad, (Haefelfinger, 1963) (Deshayes , 1853) hasta 15 m. Identi\cacin. Cuerpo con seccin cuadran- sal negra y tres lneas laterales. Identi\cacin. Individuos muy pequeos, de gular de hasta 1,5 cm de longitud, con un velo Biologa . Hasta cuarenta metros de pro- menos de 1 cm. Cuerpo cuadrangular cuyo Marionia blainvillea de gran tamao con cuatro o cinco prolonga- fundidad. Se alimenta de Alcyonacea. Her- velo tiene cuatro o cinco prolongaciones en un (R ISSO , 1818) ciones. Con de tres a seis pares ap ndices mafrodita. solo plano. Tres o cuatro pares de ap ndices Identi\cacin. Presenta velo frontal, con franja dorsales. Color blanquecino con una lnea dor- dorsales. Cuerpo blanquecino con manchas corta y prolongaciones super puestas, con es- de color morado o negro. tmago masticador. Sus rinforos son retrc- tiles en vainas, Los ap ndices dorsales son Tritonia striata Marionia blainvillea alternos, dirigidos hacia fuera y hacia dentro. Su color es variable, verdoso con retculo rojo, pardo con retculo rojo en ambos casos con pequeos abombamientos en las mallas. Al- canza un tamao de hasta 5 cm. de longitud. Biologa . Fondos rocosos, arenosos y fango- sos a partir de los 10 metros de profundidad. Tambi n se suele observar sobre gorgonias. Posiblemente se alimente de octocorales como Alcyonaceos. Son hermafroditas. 8 Mlc ndibani Fenand Agad-Segi L(e 9 DORIDACEA necientes a la familia Ascophora. Son hermafro- ditas. Posiblemente su poca de reproduccin Diaphorodoris papillata se site entre los meses de Enero y Marzo. (Marcus Ev., 1983) Identi\cacin. Cuerpo ovalado y oval, el notum cubre casi todo el cuerpo y presenta papilas lar- gas y apuntadas. El pie es libre en su parte pos- terior. El penacho branquial se situa en el tercio posterior con cinco branquias pinnadas. Su color es blanco, el borde del notum est ro- deado por una banda amarilla, las papilas son de color rojo. Rinforos y branquias blanco. Alcanza una talla de hasta 1 cm de longitud. Biologa . Se localiza sobre fondos rocosos (a veces bajo pieras) y praderas de posidonia, a partir de los cinco metros de profundidad. Se ali- Trapania maculata menta de briozoos, preferentemente los perte- Diaphorodoris papillata Trapania maculata (Haefelfinger, 1960) Diaphorodoris luteocincta blanco, con el borde del notum amarillo. Pa- Identi\cacin. Cuerpo limaciforme de 1,5 cm (M. Sars, 1870) pilas de color blanquecino, rinforos y bran- de longitud de color blanco traslcido con man- Identi\cacin. Su cuerpo es aplanado y oval. quias tambi n Alcanza una talla de hasta 1 chas irregulares de color amarillo. Los rinforos El noto cubre casi todo el cuerpo, sobre ste cm de longitud. son grandes y tiene dos tentculos circundando presenta papilas cortas. El pie es libre en su Biologa . Se localiza sobre fondos rocosos las branquias. parte posterior. El penacho branquial se situa desde 5 hasta 20 metros de profundidad.
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