DOCSLIB.ORG

Immigrant Settlements and Social Organization in South Dakota J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Immigrant Settlements and Social Organization in South Dakota J South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange South Dakota State University Agricultural Bulletins Experiment Station 6-1-1937 Immigrant Settlements and Social Organization in South Dakota J. P. Hohansen Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins Recommended Citation Hohansen, J. P., "Immigrant Settlements and Social Organization in South Dakota" (1937). Bulletins. Paper 313. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins/313 This Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. J Bulletin 313 June, 1937 IMMIGRANT SETTLEMENTS AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IN SOUTH DAKOTA By John P. Johansen Department of Rural Sociology Agricultural Experiment Station_ South Dakota State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts Brookings, S. D. � """'••• 6 i. t • • •••••••• ¢, + • + • • , ........ ... + • + •• r.. + .............. Table of Contents Page I. Introduction Aim and Scope of the Present Study ----------------------- 3 The Conservation of the Immigrant Heritage --- ------------ 4 II. Immigrant Settlements in Dakota Territory and in South Dakota The Censuses of 1860 and 1870 --------------------------- 6 Norwegian Settlements and Their Social Organization _______ 8 Norwegian Pioneer Settlements in Dakota Territory ____ 8 Persons Born in Norway, 1860-1935 ___________________ 9 Churches and Related Organizations ___________________ 12 Sons of Norway Lodges and the "Bygdelag" ____________ 14 The Norwegian Singers' Association of America ________ 15 Swedish Settlements ------------------------- ------------ 16 Danish Settlements and Their Social Organization __________ 17 Danish Immigrants in South Dakota, 1870-1936 _________ 19 Denominations Represented in Danish Settlements ______ 19 Societies Which Function in Danish Communities ____ _:___ 21 Bohemian Settlements and Their Social Organization _______ 23 Beginnings in Southwestern Yankton County, 1869 ______ 23 The Village of Tabor ------ -- ------------------------ 24 The Westward Trend of Bohemian Settlements _________ 25 Social OrganiZation in Bohemian Settlements __________ 26 Immigration of German-Russians, 1873 -------------------- 29 Sub-groups among German-Russians __________________ 29 The Coming of the Mennonites and the Hutterites ______ 30 Hutterite Branch Colonies along the James River _______ 33 A Visitor Describes One of the Colonies in 1912 _________ 35 Principles of Hutterian Social Organization ____________ 37 Swiss-German Mennonites from Russia Transplant Whole Villages ---------- --------------------- -- --------- 39 Later Immigration of German-Russians ________________ 41 III. The Pattern of Nationality Settlements of the State, 1890-1930 The Concentration and Dispersion of the Foreign-born ______ 44 The Westward Expansion of Settlement ----- - ------------ - 4 7 IV. The Assimilation Process, Its Nature and Extent The Concept of Assimilation -- ------ ---- -- -------------- - 32 The Assimilation of Immigrant Churches ------------------ 52 The Language Problem in the Immigrant Church __ ____ 53 The Displacement of Norwegian by English ____________ 54 Stages of Levels in the Formation of Foreign Church Organizations ------------------------------------- 57 Tendency Toward Union and Federation --------------- 58 Factors Affecting the Assimilation of Churches _________ 60 V. Summary: Immigratio� and Social Organization Immigrant Settlements and Social Organization In South Dakota By John P. Johansen Introduction Aim and Scope of the Present Study In a previous study, "Immigrants and Their Children in South Da­ kota," we discussed mainly the influence of immigration upon the com­ -position and growth of the population of the state. In the present study, we are not so much concerned with the numerical or statistical aspects of immigration, but we aim rather to describe the historical, social, and cultural aspects of immigration into South Dakota. We make a brief ac­ .count of the historical circumstances that led to the establishment of immigrant settlements in that part of Dakota Territory which later be­ came South Dakota. We aim to answer the question "Where were these settlements located and by what nationalities were they made ?" Having answered that question, we outline the system of social organization of the foreign settlements. , We pay special attention, therefore, to those group bonds which unite immigrant settlements into churches and church related associations; into lodges based upon nationality consciousness; and into a great variety of other associations organized by immigrants for social, charitable, and cultural purposes, both in the local communities and at large in the United States. Immigrant nationality groups are not divisible according to state lines. On the contrary, they are united by many bonds and in­ fluences, such as newspapers, educational institutions, radio broadcasting stations, fraternal societies and synodical affiliations which have head­ quarters in other states, if not in South Dakota. Another objective of the present study is to discuss the process of assimilation as it affects immigrants individually and in groups, and as it conditions the social and cultural life of the people of the state. One large aspect of the assimilation process is social-psychological in nature. It comprises those gradual changes whereby immigrants and their children become American in sentiments, ideals, and behavior. Another large as­ pect of assimilation is that which pertains to the material culture of the immigrants, the things they bring from the old world. With regard to this process of assimilation, we may seek to answer various inquiries: To what extent has it taken place, not only in regard to individuals, but with regard to immigrant institutions ? How may this process of assimi­ :ation be promoted ? And lastly, how may these immigrant settlements with their varied cultural heritage be considered assets or sources of ma­ terial, social and cultural enrichment of the life of the people of the. state ? 4 BULLETIN 313 SOUTH DAKOTA EXPERIMENT STATION The tendency .is to forget this heritage and to fail to appreciate its significance. Immigrants, in a certain sense, live in two countries, the new and the old. They occupy marginal positions in relation to two so­ cieties and cultures. Their children, in a slightly different sense, do like­ wise. Culturally there is a break, a lack of continuity, or even an es­ trangement between the two generations. Generally speaking, if we are to live fully we must make careful use of the heritage of our fathers. Certainly we should seek to understand the various origins from which we have come. In the public schools, children study the cultural foun­ dations of the United States laid by English, French, Spanish, Dutch, Swedish, and other nationalities. In a similar manner the history of South Dakota may and should be studied. Through this approach to our own background and origins, history can be related quite directly to our fathers and forefathers and to the great movements and trends of their times. In this bulletin, therefore, we have aimed in some measure to bridge this gap in the history of the state. We have sought to assemble ma­ terials from numerous sources and publications which are not available to the general public. Out of these materials, we have put together our discussion of the various immigrant settlements in Dakota Territory and in South Dakota. The Conservation of the Immigrant Heritage In the homes of immigrants many objects are found which were brought from the old country, such as pieces of furniture, trunks, spin­ ning wheels, kitchen utensils, garments, footwear, tapestries, linen, et cetera.1 Many of these objects possess great beauty of design and ex­ cellence of workmanship. To let them be forgotten or destroyed would be a great waste of cultural resources. Here and there certain individ­ uals have gathered private collections. Some historical societies, notably the Norwegian "Bygdelag", have evinced an interest in establishing mu­ seums for such collections. While it is desirable that private initiative f.hould undertake such efforts at the outset, in the long run the cost of proper display, care, cataloguing, and storage of such objects is too great for private enterprises. In the larger cities of the state public museums have been established and beginnings have also been made in various county seats. A great task, however, remains undone in reaching and de­ veloping the interest and good will of the foreign contributors. Similarly in immigrant settlements there are likely to be many valu­ able records of parishes, congregations, and affiliated societies .. Some of these records may have considerable legal value for persons as well as for corporations. There are also likely to be found records of the organiza­ tion and activities of early farmers' associations and farmers' coopera­ tives. The records of townships, school districts, and the like are often kept in the vaults of public offices at county seats. Yet there is great need for the services
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Historical Geography of Lake Kampeska in the City of Watertown, South Dakota Joanita M
    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Geography Faculty Publications Department of Geography 2007 A Historical Geography of Lake Kampeska in the City of Watertown, South Dakota Joanita M. Kant South Dakota State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/geo_pubs Part of the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Kant, Joanita M., "A Historical Geography of Lake Kampeska in the City of Watertown, South Dakota" (2007). Geography Faculty Publications. 2. https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/geo_pubs/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Geography at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Geography Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i A Historical Geography of Lake Kampeska in the City of Watertown, South Dakota 2007 by Joanita Kant copyright ii “Never forget that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.” Margaret Meade i ABSTRACT Many alterations in the hydrology of Lake Kampeska began with the arrival of masses of Anglo settlers in the 1870s. Why the lake has been altered is a complex issue linked to various natural physical processes which would have occurred even without the introduction of those settlers into the ecosystem. Those processes include weather, climate, sedimentation rates, lakebank erosion, chemical and mineral transport from soils, and flooding, among others.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 25, No
    VOLUME 34, NO. 2 March 2014 http://vipclubmn.org FUTURE EVENT CALENDAR March 5 10:00 AM Board Meeting UNISYS, Eagan March 12 7:00 PM Social hour and speaker UNISYS, Eagan April 2 10:00 AM Board Meeting UNISYS, Roseville April 16 9:00 AM FREE Volunteer Breakfast VFW, Roseville May 7 10:00 AM Board Meeting UNISYS, Eagan May 14 7:00 PM Social hour and speaker UNISYS, Eagan MARCH PROGRAM: APRIL PROGRAM: Organic Farming Cooperatives Volunteer Recognition Breakfast March 12th, 7 PM - at the UNISYS, Eagan Visitors’ April 16th, 9:00 AM – The VIP Club will host the conference room. Preston Green is our invited speaker. annual Recognition Breakfast at the Roseville VFW for Mr. Green grew up on an Organic Valley Farm. Since Club members who performed volunteer services in 1992 his family has farmed the land organically and 2013. [Please review the “Volunteer Breakfast takes a certain pride in doing so. His family has since Schedule and 2013 Survey Form” on Pages 6 & 7 or moved to Virginia and is farming with the same on-line at http://vipclubmn.org/volunteer.html.] principles there as they did in Southwest Wisconsin. April is National Volunteer Month; our Breakfast Being a part of the Farmer-Owned Cooperative allows honors all VIP Club members who perform volunteer his family and many others access to a market place services wherever they reside. Last year, the 101 VIP that individually the over 1800 farmers would not have Club members who responded to our 2012 Survey, the opportunity to enjoy. donated over 21,000 hours to various organizations in Organic Valley and CROPP Cooperative is governed Minnesota, Arizona, Illinois, Texas, and Wisconsin.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishes of South Dakota
    MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 119 Fishes of South Dakota REEVE M. BAILEY AND MARVIN 0. ALLUM South Dakota State College ANN ARBOR MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN JUNE 5, 1962 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY 01; MICHIGAN The publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, consist of two series-the Occasional Papers and the Miscellaneous Publications. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcomb. The Occasional Papers, publication of which was begun in 1913, serve as a medium for original studies based principally upon the collections in the Museum. They are issued separately. When a sufficient number of pages has been printed to make a volume, a title page, table of contents, and an index are supplied to libraries and indi- viduals on the mailing list for the series. The Miscellaneous Publications, which include papers on field and museum tech- niques, monographic studies, and other contributions not within the scope of the Occasional Papers, are published separately. It is not intended that they be grouped into volumes. Each number has a title page and, when necessary, a table of contents. A conlplete list of publications on Birds, Fishes, Insects, Mammals, Mollusks, and Reptiles and Amphibians is available. Address inquiries to the Director, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan No. 13. Studies of the fishes of the order Cyprinodontes. By CARL L. HUBBS. (1924) 23 pp., 4 pls. ............................................. No. 15. A check-list of the fishes of the Great Lakes and tributary waters, with nomenclatorial notes and analytical keys.
    [Show full text]
  • Paternal Genetic Structure in Contemporary Mennonite Communities from the American Midwest Kristine G
    Wayne State University Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints WSU Press 4-1-2016 Paternal Genetic Structure In Contemporary Mennonite Communities From The American Midwest Kristine G. Beaty Laboratories of Biological Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, [email protected] M. J. Mosher Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, [email protected] Michael H. Crawford Laboratories of Biological Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, [email protected] Phillip Melton Curtin/UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, and Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia, [email protected] Recommended Citation Beaty, Kristine G.; Mosher, M. J.; Crawford, Michael H.; and Melton, Phillip, "Paternal Genetic Structure In Contemporary Mennonite Communities From The American Midwest" (2016). Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints. 112. http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol_preprints/112 This Open Access Preprint is brought to you for free and open access by the WSU Press at DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Biology Open Access Pre-Prints by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. Paternal genetic structure in contemporary Mennonite communities from the American Midwest Kristie Beaty1, MJ Mosher2, Michael H. Crawford3, Phillip Melton4 1University of Kansas, 2Western Washington University, 3University of Kansas Main Campus, 4University of Western Australia. Corresponding author: Phillip E. Melton, Ph.D Curtin/UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease University of Western Australia 35 Stirling HWY (M409) Crawley, WA, 6009 Australia Tel: 61 (8) 9224-0367 e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Anabaptist, Y-Chromosome, Mennonites, Kansas, Nebraska, Population Structure, Anthropological Genetics Running header: Y-chromosome variation in Mennonites.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Nonprofit Organizations of Color in Minnesota
    Directory of Nonprofit Organizations of Color in Minnesota edited by Michael D. Greco Fifth Edition January 2005 Center for Urban and Regional Affairs A publication of the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA), an all- University applied research and technical assistance center at the University of Minnesota that connects faculty and students with community organizations and public institutions working on significant public policy issues in Minnesota. The content of this publication is the responsibility of the author and is not necessarily endorsed by CURA or the University of Minnesota. © 2005 by The Regents of the University of Minnesota. This publication may be reproduced in its entirety (except photographs or other materials reprinted here with permission from other sources) in print or electronic form, for noncommercial educational and nonprofit use only, provided that two copies of the resulting publication are sent to the CURA editor at the address below and that the following acknowledgement is included: “Reprinted with permission of the University of Minnesota’s Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA).” For information regarding commercial reprints or reproduction of portions of this publication, contact the CURA editor at the address below. Publication No. CURA 05-1 (1500 copies) This publication is available in alternate formats upon request. Cover art by Pat Rouse Printed with agribased inks on recycled paper with a minimum of 20% postconsumer waste. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA) University of Minnesota 330 HHH Center 301—19th Avenue South Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 phone: 612-625-1551 fax: 612-626-0273 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.cura.umn.edu The University of Minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, disability, public assistance status, veteran status, or sexual orientation.
    [Show full text]
  • Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota
    Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Pleistocene Geology of Eastern South Dakota By RICHARD FOSTER FLINT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 262 Prepared as part of the program of the Department of the Interior *Jfor the development-L of*J the Missouri River basin UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1955 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price $3 (paper cover) CONTENTS Page Page Abstract_ _ _____-_-_________________--_--____---__ 1 Pre- Wisconsin nonglacial deposits, ______________ 41 Scope and purpose of study._________________________ 2 Stratigraphic sequence in Nebraska and Iowa_ 42 Field work and acknowledgments._______-_____-_----_ 3 Stream deposits. _____________________ 42 Earlier studies____________________________________ 4 Loess sheets _ _ ______________________ 43 Geography.________________________________________ 5 Weathering profiles. __________________ 44 Topography and drainage______________________ 5 Stream deposits in South Dakota ___________ 45 Minnesota River-Red River lowland. _________ 5 Sand and gravel- _____________________ 45 Coteau des Prairies.________________________ 6 Distribution and thickness. ________ 45 Surface expression._____________________ 6 Physical character. _______________ 45 General geology._______________________ 7 Description by localities ___________ 46 Subdivisions. ________-___--_-_-_-______ 9 Conditions of deposition ___________ 50 James River lowland.__________-__-___-_--__ 9 Age and correlation_______________ 51 General features._________-____--_-__-__ 9 Clayey silt. __________________________ 52 Lake Dakota plain____________________ 10 Loveland loess in South Dakota. ___________ 52 James River highlands...-------.-.---.- 11 Weathering profiles and buried soils. ________ 53 Coteau du Missouri..___________--_-_-__-___ 12 Synthesis of pre- Wisconsin stratigraphy.
    [Show full text]
  • Finnish Studies
    Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 23 Number 1 November 2019 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-7328298-1-7 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458, Box 2146, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TEXAS 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hilary-Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Tim Frandy, Assistant Professor, Western Kentucky University Daniel Grimley, Professor, Oxford University Titus Hjelm, Associate Professor, University of Helsinki Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Johanna Laakso, Professor, University of Vienna Jason Lavery, Professor, Oklahoma State University James P. Leary, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin, Madison Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, University of Helsinki Jussi Nuorteva, Director General, The National Archives of Finland Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury Beth L.
    [Show full text]
  • A Directory of Nonprofit Organizations of Color in Minnesota
    A Directory of Nonprofit Organizations of Color in Minnesota Fourth Edition September 2001 A Directory of Nonprofit Organizations of Color in Minnesota Fourth Edition September 2001 A publication of the Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, an independent applied research and technology center that connects University of Minnesota faculty and students with community organizations and public institutions working on significant public policy issues in Minnesota. The content of this report is the responsibility of the author, and is not necessarily endorsed by CURA. 2001 Publication No. CURA 01-13 (2500 copies) This report is not copyrighted. Permission is granted for reproduction of all or part of this publication, except photographs or other materials reprinted with permission from other sources. Acknowledgement, however, would be appreciated, and CURA would like to receive two copies of any publication thus reproduced. Please send materials to the attention of "CURA editor" at the address below. Cover art by Pat Rouse This publication is available in alternate formats upon request. Printed with agribased inks on recycled paper with minimum 20% post- consumer waste. Center for Urban and Regional Affairs (CURA) University of Minnesota 330 HHH Center 301 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Phone: (612) 625-1551 Fax: (612) 626-0273 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cura.umn.edu The University of Minnesota is committed to the policy that all persons shall have equal access to its programs, facilities, and employment without regard to race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, disability, public assistance status, veteran status, or sexual orientation.
    [Show full text]
  • Meet Seattle's Skål-Worthy Akevitt
    (Periodicals postage paid in Seattle, WA) TIME-DATED MATERIAL — DO NOT DELAY Neighborhood Arts CLU honors The Norwegians « Men først en kaffe og avis farmer i morgenstundens stille bris. » tickles D.C. Read more on page 13 – Per Larsen Read more on page 15 Norwegian American Weekly Vol. 126 No. 14 April 17, 2015 Established May 17, 1889 • Formerly Western Viking and Nordisk Tidende $2.00 per copy Meet Seattle’s skål-worthy akevitt Story on page 8 What’s inside? News 2-3 Brooklyn revs up for Syttende Mai Business 4 VICTORIA HOFMO The second event has been a tradition theme and a journal. This year’s pin design Sports 5 Brooklyn, N.Y. since the parade’s inception: the Church Ral- is very elegant; a golden cross between two Opinion 6-7 ly. This year will be especially meaningful, axes on a crimson background, the shield of Taste of Norway 8 Brooklyn is revving up for its annual as the parade’s theme is “Celebrating 1,000 the Christian church of Norway, which was Travel 9 Norwegian Constitution Day Parade, to be Years of Christianity.” The rally will be held founded under King Olaf during the 1030s. held on Sunday, May 17. One interesting on Saturday, May 2, at the Norwegian Chris- The journal does more than raise funds Roots & Connections 10 change that has occurred at Brooklyn’s pa- tian Home, beginning at 6:30 p.m. The guest through advertising. It has meaty content: an Obituaries & Religion 11 rade is that an increasing number of specta- speaker is Doug Thuen from Sparta Evan- essay about the theme, messages from dig- In Your Neighborhood 12-13 tors and participants come from Norway to gelical Free Church, New Jersey.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany's Policy Vis-À-Vis German Minority in Romania
    T.C. TURKISH- GERMAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES EUROPE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT GERMANY’S POLICY VIS-À-VIS GERMAN MINORITY IN ROMANIA MASTER’S THESIS Yunus MAZI ADVISOR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Enes BAYRAKLI İSTANBUL, January 2021 T.C. TURKISH- GERMAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES EUROPE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT GERMANY’S POLICY VIS-À-VIS GERMAN MINORITY IN ROMANIA MASTER’S THESIS Yunus MAZI 188101023 ADVISOR Assoc. Prof. Dr. Enes BAYRAKLI İSTANBUL, January 2021 I hereby declare that this thesis is an original work. I also declare that I have acted in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct at all stages of the work including preparation, data collection and analysis. I have cited and referenced all the information that is not original to this work. Name - Surname Yunus MAZI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr. Enes Bayraklı. Besides my master's thesis, he has taught me how to work academically for the past two years. I would also like to thank Dr. Hüseyin Alptekin and Dr. Osman Nuri Özalp for their constructive criticism about my master's thesis. Furthermore, I would like to thank Kazım Keskin, Zeliha Eliaçık, Oğuz Güngörmez, Hacı Mehmet Boyraz, Léonard Faytre and Aslıhan Alkanat. Besides the academic input I learned from them, I also built a special friendly relationship with them. A special thanks goes to Burak Özdemir. He supported me with a lot of patience in the crucial last phase of my research to complete the thesis. In addition, I would also like to thank my other friends who have always motivated me to successfully complete my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Domesticating the German East: Nazi Propaganda and Women's Roles in the “Germanization” of the Warthegau During World Wa
    DOMESTICATING THE GERMAN EAST: NAZI PROPAGANDA AND WOMEN’S ROLES IN THE “GERMANIZATION” OF THE WARTHEGAU DURING WORLD WAR II Madeline James A thesis submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the History Department in the College of Arts and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2020 Approved by: Konrad Jarausch Karen Auerbach Karen Hagemann © 2020 Madeline James ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Madeline James: Domesticating the German East: Nazi Propaganda And Women’s Roles in the “Germanization” of the Warthegau during World War II (Under the direction of Konrad Jarausch and Karen Auerbach) This thesis utilizes Nazi women’s propaganda to explore the relationship between Nazi gender and racial ideology, particularly in relation to the Nazi Germanization program in the Warthegau during World War II. At the heart of this study is an examination of a paradox inherent in Nazi gender ideology, which simultaneously limited and expanded “Aryan” German women’s roles in the greater German community. Far from being “returned to the home” by the Nazis in 1933, German women experienced an expanded sphere of influence both within and beyond the borders of the Reich due to their social and cultural roles as “mothers of the nation.” As “bearers of German culture,” German women came to occupy a significant role in Nazi plans to create a new “German homeland” in Eastern Europe. This female role of “domesticating” the East, opposite the perceived “male” tasks of occupation, expulsion, and resettlement, entailed cultivating and reinforcing Germanness in the Volksdeutsche (ethnic German) communities, molding them into “future masters of the German East.” This thesis therefore also examines the ways in which Reich German women utilized the notion of a distinctly female cultural sphere to stake a claim in the Germanizing mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewel Cave National Monument Historic Resource Study
    PLACE OF PASSAGES: JEWEL CAVE NATIONAL MONUMENT HISTORIC RESOURCE STUDY 2006 by Gail Evans-Hatch and Michael Evans-Hatch Evans-Hatch & Associates Published by Midwestern Region National Park Service Omaha, Nebraska _________________________________ i _________________________________ ii _________________________________ iii _________________________________ iv Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1: First Residents 7 Introduction Paleo-Indian Archaic Protohistoric Europeans Rock Art Lakota Lakota Spiritual Connection to the Black Hills Chapter 2: Exploration and Gold Discovery 33 Introduction The First Europeans United States Exploration The Lure of Gold Gold Attracts Euro-Americans to Sioux Land Creation of the Great Sioux Reservation Pressure Mounts for Euro-American Entry Economic Depression Heightens Clamor for Gold Custer’s 1874 Expedition Gordon Party & Gold-Seekers Arrive in Black Hills Chapter 3: Euro-Americans Come To Stay: Indians Dispossessed 59 Introduction Prospector Felix Michaud Arrives in the Black Hills Birth of Custer and Other Mining Camps Negotiating a New Treaty with the Sioux Gold Rush Bust Social and Cultural Landscape of Custer City and County Geographic Patterns of Early Mining Settlements Roads into the Black Hills Chapter 4: Establishing Roots: Harvesting Resources 93 Introduction Milling Lumber for Homes, Mines, and Farms Farming Railroads Arrive in the Black Hills Fluctuating Cycles in Agriculture Ranching Rancher Felix Michaud Harvesting Timber Fires in the Forest Landscapes of Diversifying Uses _________________________________ v Chapter 5: Jewel Cave: Discovery and Development 117 Introduction Conservation Policies Reach the Black Hills Jewel Cave Discovered Jewel Cave Development The Legal Environment Developing Jewel Cave to Attract Visitors The Wind Cave Example Michauds’ Continued Struggle Chapter 6: Jewel Cave Under the U.S.
    [Show full text]