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Fishes of South Dakota

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Fishes of South Dakota MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 119 Fishes of South Dakota REEVE M. BAILEY AND MARVIN 0. ALLUM South Dakota State College ANN ARBOR MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN JUNE 5, 1962 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY 01; MICHIGAN The publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, consist of two series-the Occasional Papers and the Miscellaneous Publications. Both series were founded by Dr. Bryant Walker, Mr. Bradshaw H. Swales, and Dr. W. W. Newcomb. The Occasional Papers, publication of which was begun in 1913, serve as a medium for original studies based principally upon the collections in the Museum. They are issued separately. When a sufficient number of pages has been printed to make a volume, a title page, table of contents, and an index are supplied to libraries and indi- viduals on the mailing list for the series. The Miscellaneous Publications, which include papers on field and museum tech- niques, monographic studies, and other contributions not within the scope of the Occasional Papers, are published separately. It is not intended that they be grouped into volumes. Each number has a title page and, when necessary, a table of contents. A conlplete list of publications on Birds, Fishes, Insects, Mammals, Mollusks, and Reptiles and Amphibians is available. Address inquiries to the Director, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, Michigan No. 13. Studies of the fishes of the order Cyprinodontes. By CARL L. HUBBS. (1924) 23 pp., 4 pls. ............................................. No. 15. A check-list of the fishes of the Great Lakes and tributary waters, with nomenclatorial notes and analytical keys. By CARLL. HUBBS. (1926) 77 pp.,, 4 pls. .................................................... No. 16. Studies of the fishes of the order Cyprinodontes. VI. By CARLL. HUBBS. (1926) 79 pp., 4 pls. ............................................ No. 17. The structure and growth of the scales of fishes in relation to the inter- pretation of their life-history, with special reference to the sunfish Eupomotis gibbosus. By CHARLESW. CREASER. (1926) 80 pp.. 1 pl., 12 figs. .................................................... Out of Print No. 20. Materials for a revision of the catostomid fishes of eastern North America. By CARL L. HUBBS. (1930) 47 pp., 1 pl. ........................... $0.75 No. 28. Fresh-water fishes collected in British Honduras and Guatemala. By CARLL. HUBBS. (1935) 22 pp., 4 pls., 1 map ...................... $0.25 No. 30. The darters of the genera Hololepis and Villora. By CARLL. HUBBSAND Mow DWIGHTCANNON. (1935) 93 pp., 3 pls., 1 fig. ................ $0.50 No. 35. A revision of the lamprey genus Zchthyomyzon. By CARL L. HUBBSAND MILTONB. TRAUTMAN.(1937) 109 pp., 2 pls., 5 figs., 1 map ........ $2.00 No. 42. Studies of the fishes of the order Cyprinodontes. XVI. A revision of the Goodeidae. By CARL L. HUBBSAND C. L. TURNER. (1939) 80 pp., 5 pls. ............................................................. No. 48. A revision of the black basses (Micropterus and Huro) with descriptions of four new forms. By CARLL. HUBBSAND REEVE M. BAILEY. (1940) 51 pp.. 6 pls., 1 fig.. 2 maps ....................................... No. 63. Phylogenetic position of the Citharidae, a family of flatfishes. By CARLL. HUBBS. (1945) 38 pp., 1 fig. ...................................... No. 65. Endemic fish fauna of Lake Waccamaw, North Carolina. By CARLL. HUBBSAND EDWARDC. RANEY. (1946) 30 pp., 1 pl., 2 maps ....... No. 66. Revision of Ceratichthys, a genus of American cyprinid fishes. By CARL L. HUBBSAND JOHND. BLACK. (1947) 56 pp., 2 pls., 1 fig., 2 maps.. No. 67. A small collection of fishes from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. By A. LOURENCOGOMES. (1947) 39 pp., 3 pb., 2 figs. ..................... (Continued on back cover) MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, NO. 119 Fishes of South Dakota BY REEVE M. BAILEY AND RiIAKVlN 0. ALLUM Soullz Dakola Slale College ANN ARBOR MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN JUNE 5, 1962 CONTENTS PAGE 6 l'eti-omyzontidac .......................................................... 27 Acipenseridae .......................................................... 27 l'olyodontidae .............................................................. 28 Lcpisosteidae ............................................................. 29 Amiidac ................................................................... 30 Clupeidac .................................................................. 30 Salmonidae .............................................................. 31 Umbridae ............................................................... 32 Esocidae ................................................................. 33 Hiodontidae .............................................................. 33 Cyprinidae ........................................................... 34 Comments on the Genera Sett~olilus and Hybofisis .......................... 36 Catostomidae ............................................................... 78 Ictaluridae ................................................................ 87 An.guillidae ............................................................. 91 Cyprinodontidae ............................................................ 91 Gadidae ................................................................ 93 Gasterosteidae .............................................................. 93 l'ercopsidae ........................................................... 94 Serranidac ................................................................ 94 Centrarchidac ............................................................ 95 Percidae .................................................................... 100 Sciaenidae .................................................................. 107 ILLUSTRATIONS I'LAI'E (I'late 1 follows pagc 131) I. I'hal.yngea1 apparatus in Mybug~~c~llru~/~lacilt~~ and if. 11. ~lt~cl~uli~. FIGURE 1. Map of Soutli Dakota . .. .. 2. I)istributio~iof Sett~otilz~snaargarila . 3. Distribution of CILI-0501nus72eogaeus 4. Distribu~ionof Igybopsis gelida . 5. Distribution of Hybopsis lneeki . 6. Distributiotl of Not~.ofiislopcka . 7. Regression of eye si~con sta~idartlletlgth and H. 11. ,lucltaEis . FISHES OF SOUTH DAKOTA DESPITEa generous amount of ichthyological exploration in the northern Plains region of North America in recent decades, there is a shortage of comprehensive faunal works and synthetic analyses that assemble informa- tion into conveniently usable form. This study does not qualify as a defini- tive work on South Dakota fishes, but we believe that it will contribute to such an objective. We have attempted here (1) to collect and identify published records of South Dakota fishes, (2) to present keys for the iden- tification of fishes known or expected to occur in South Dakota, (3) to record original distributional data based on 137 fish collectio~~staken throughout the state, (4) to solve some problems involving the systematic status of certain South Dakota species, (5) to clarify or extend information on the distribution of several species in the adjoining Plains area, and (6) to determine the geographic sources of origin of South Dakota fishes and to interpret routes of postglacial dispersal. We find that the known fish fauna of the state consists of 93 species of which one is represented by two subspecies. No species is restricted to the state. Six species owe their occur- rence here to introductions by man. We wish to thank the many persons who have contributed to this study. In the field we have had the companionship and help of Marian K. Bailey, Erwin Bartel, Robert C. Gibbs, Robert E. Harris, and G. B. Spawn. We owe gratitude also to the many others who have collected South Dakota fishes that are reported here. They include Charles E. Burt, Ned E. Fogle, William A. Gosline, Carl L. and Laura C. Hubbs, George S. Myers, James T. Shields, James W. Sprague, Laurence C. Stuart, and James C. Underhill (see also list of collecting stations). Information has been supplied or speci- mens have been loaned by Kenneth D. Carlander, Robert E. Cleary, Frank B. Cross, Ned E. Fogle, Warren C. Freihofer, Elmer R. Liebig, George A. Moore, John B. Moyle, William R. Nelson, and James C. 'Underhill. Many South Dakota fish collections received by -the Museum of Zoology during the period of his curatorship were identified by Dr. Carl L. Hubbs, to whom we are especially indebted. Unless indicated by subsequent systematic changes we have not re-examined such specimens. The entire manuscript was read by James T. Shields, who supplied constructive additions, par- ticularly as concerns recent changes in the fauna resulting from impound- ments and introductions. The drawings in Plate I were executed by Miss Suzanne Runyan, staff artist, Museum of Zoology. We wish to single out for particular mention the contribution to this study of Dr. Raymond E. Johnson, now Chief, Bureau of Sport Fisheries, 6 BAILEY AND ALLUM U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, who during 1939 to 1941 undertook a thor- ough distributional survey of Nebraska fishes (1942, University of Michi- gan, unpublished doctoral dissertation). Materials collected by him in waters bordering South Dakota have supplemented our own, and his find- ings have been utilized freely in the solution oE distributional problems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Abbreviations for museum collections are as follows: ISU, Iowa State University; KU, University
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