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Lolium Remotum (Poaceae) – Archeofit Wymar³y Na Dolnym Śl¹sku

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Lolium Remotum (Poaceae) – Archeofit Wymar³y Na Dolnym Śl¹sku 159 Lolium remotum Lolium(Poaceae)-remotum-(Poaceae) archeofit wymar³y 159 na Dolnym l¹sku Lolium remotum (Poaceae) an archaeophyte extinct in Lower Silesia EWA STEFAÑSKA-KRZACZEK1, JADWIGA ANIO£-KWIATKOWSKA2 Instytut Biologii Rolin, Uniwersytet Wroc³awski, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wroc³aw; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Lolium remotum is a specialized weed of flax crops, which belongs to the group of archaeophyta anthropogena. In Poland, it is critically endangered species. Before 1945 it had only 17 localities in 14 ATPOL squares. Between 1945 and 1985 it had 7 localities in 6 ATPOL squares. The species has not been observed since the 70s of the 20th century. It is then categorized as regionally extinct species. S³owa kluczowe: Lolium remotum, Dolny l¹sk, archeofit, wymar³y w regionie Key words: Lolium remotum, Lower Silesia, archaeophyte, regionally extinct species Wstêp Ziarniak 34 mm d³ugoci, szerokoci 1,251,5 mm, ¯ycica lnowa Lolium remotum Schrank. jest jasnobrunatny, drobno bruzdowany. Kwitnie chwastem upraw lnu o bardzo w¹skiej specjali- VIVII. 2n = 14 [6, 7]. zacji zwi¹zanej z przystosowaniem do rozprze- Uwagi taksonomiczne: okazy z ocist¹ plew- strzeniania razem z materia³em siewnym. W latach k¹ doln¹ reprezentuj¹ odmianê aristatum (Döll) 50. i 60. by³a stosunkowo czêsto notowana, lecz Asch. [8]. na skutek stosowania herbicydów, udosko- Podobne gatunki: Lolium temulentum bê- nalenia oczyszczania materia³u siewnego, a tak¿e d¹ca jednorocznym chwastem w uprawach zbo- zaniechania upraw lnu gatunek ten znalaz³ siê ¿owych ró¿ni siê od L. remotum ciemnozielon¹ na granicy wymarcia [1]. W skali Polski jest to barw¹, d³ugoci¹ plewy, która jest tak d³uga jak gatunek krytycznie zagro¿ony (CR) [2]. Na k³osek lub d³u¿sza, a tak¿e zwykle d³ugoocis- l¹sku Opolskim jest gatunkiem wymar³ym (RE) tymi plewkami dolnymi [6]. [3], podobnie jak na terenie Wielkopolski [4]. Siedlisko: rolina jest chwastem w uprawach We wczeniejszym opracowaniu gatunków lnu, ale mo¿e tak¿e pojawiaæ siê na siedliskach zagro¿onych Dolnego l¹ska równie¿ mia³ ruderalnych [6, 7]. Jest to gatunek charakterys- kategoriê RE [5]. tyczny zanikaj¹cego zespo³u chwastów lnowych Spergulo-Lolietum remoti [9]. Charakterystyka gatunku Rozmieszczenie geograficzne: gatunek (synonimy: Lolium linicolum A. Braun [6]) nale¿¹cy do grupy archaeophyta anthropogena [10], powsta³y w wyniku ukierunkowanej selekcji Morfologia i biologia: terofit. w trakcie uprawy i pozyskiwania materia³u siew- Rolina o wysokoci 3060 cm, bez pêdów nego. Notowany by³ w Europie, pó³nocnej Afryce, p³onnych przy ziemi, ¿ó³tawozielona. db³o na Syberii, Dalekim Wschodzie, w Chinach, proste cienkie, w górze szorstkie. Licie równo- Australii, Ameryce Pó³nocnej i Ameryce Po³ud- w¹skie, 23 mm szerokie, pochwy liciowe niowej [7, 11, 12]. zwykle g³adkie, jêzyczek krótki. K³os 715 cm W Polsce jego rozproszone stanowiska d³ugoci, k³oski do 9 mm, 48 kwiatowe, szeroko- odnajdywano na ca³ym obszarze, najrzadziej na eliptyczne, zwykle nieco oddalone od siebie, ni¿u w pasie Wielkich Dolin [13]. Na po³udniu boczne z jedn¹ plew¹, szczytowy z dwiema gatunek wystêpowa³ g³ównie w czêci ni¿owej plewami. Plewa prawie zawsze krótsza od k³oska, siêgaj¹c jedynie piêtra pogórza [14]. plewki dwie, drobne, eliptyczne, zwykle bezostne. STEFAÑSKA-KRZACZEK E., ANIO£-KWIATKOWSKA J. 2011. Lolium remotum (Poaceae) archeofit wymar³y na Dolnym l¹sku. Acta Botanica Silesiaca, Supplementum 1: 159161. 160 Ewa-Stefañska-Krzaczek,-Jadwiga-Anio³-Kwiatkowska 160 Informacje dodatkowe: ziarniaki pora¿one grzybami mog¹ powodowaæ zatrucia, z tego wzglêdu wiêksza domieszka ziarniaków ¿ycicy wród nasion lnu dyskwalifikuje je jako spo- ¿ywcze i paszowe [8]. Wyniki Wystêpowanie w regionie: do 1945 r. ga- tunek mia³ 17 notowañ w 14 kwadratach ATPOL. Wystêpowa³ w okolicach Lwówka l¹skiego (P³óczki, Rad³ówka, P³akowice, Mojesz, Zby- lutów) [15], w Legnicy, Zgorzelcu, Z³otnikach Lubañskich [16], Bolkowie, Wojcieszowie [16, 17], Jeleniej Górze, cinawie, Strzegomiu, Niem- czy, Mieroszowie [16], Wawrzyszowie [18] oraz we Wroc³awiu, w dzielnicy Grabiszyn (WRSL, zielnik szkolny). Z lat 19451985 podawanych by³o 7 notowañ w 6 kwadratach ATPOL: z dzielnicy Oporów we Wroc³awiu, Wójcic w okolicach O³awy, Su³owa w okolicach Milicza, z K³odzka [19] i z miejsco- woci Lutomia w powiecie widnickim [13]. W bazie ATPOL [13] podanych jest tak¿e 5 noto- wañ (bez daty) opartych na etykietach okazów zielnikowych pochodz¹cych z Uniwersytetu Wroc³awskiego (4) i Akademii Medycznej we Wroc³awiu (1), których nie ma obecnie we foto/photo E. Szczêniak (WRSL) Wroc³awiu i autorkom nie uda³o siê do nich dotrzeæ. Stanowiska te to: Sosnówka ko³o Jeleniej Góry, G³ogów, Konradówka ko³o Chojnowa, Wo³ów i Wroc³aw O³taszyn. Ze wzglêdu na brak daty zbioru na mapie zosta³y oznaczone jako ?. Populacja regionalna: brak danych na temat populacji obserwowanych do roku 1945. Na stanowiskach podanych przez Tymrakiewicza [19] gatunek wystêpowa³ przewa¿nie nielicznie lub z rzadka, a jedynie we Wroc³awiu-Oporowie by³ doæ liczny. Aktualny zasiêg w regionie: brak. Zagro¿enia: gatunek wygin¹³ w regionie na skutek stosowania herbicydów i udoskonalenia oczyszczania materia³u siewnego oraz znacznego ograniczenia lub zaniechania upraw lnu. Status na Dolnym l¹sku: gatunek wymar³y RE [2] ZAJ¥C M., ZAJ¥C A., TOKARSKA-GUZIK B. 2009. Extinct and endangered archaeophytes and the ród³a informacji: dynamics of their diversity in Poland. Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 13: 1724. [1] KUCHARCZYK M. 2005. Lolium remotum nowe [3] NOWAK A., NOWAK S., SPA£EK K. 2008. Red list stanowiska starego chwastu. Fragm. Flor. Geobot. of vascular plants of Opole province. Nature 12(1): 179180. Journal 41: 141158. 161 Lolium-remotum-(Poaceae) 161 [4] JACKOWIAK B., CELKA Z., CHMIEL J., LATOWSKI K., [14] MIREK Z., PIÊKO-MIRKOWA H. 2007. Trawy gór. ¯UKOWSKI W. 2007. Red list of vascular flora of W: FREY L. (red.), Ksiêga traw polskich. Instytut Wielkopolska (Poland). Biodiv. Res. Conserv. 5-8: Botaniki im. W. Szafera, PAN, Kraków, s. 203228. 95127. [15] DRESLER, E. F. 1883. Flora von Löwenberg in [5] K¥CKI Z., DAJDOK Z., SZCZÊNIAK E. 2003. Schlesien; nach dem natürlichen system bearbeitet. Czerwona lista rolin naczyniowych Dolnego l¹ska. Verlag von Paul Holtsch, Löwenberg, 162 ss. W: K¥CKI Z. (red.), Zagro¿one gatunki flory [16] SCHUBE T. 1903. Die Verbreitung der Gefäßpflanzen naczyniowej Dolnego l¹ska. Inst. Biologii Rolin in Schlesien preußischen und österreichischen Anteils. UWr & PTPP Pro Natura, Wroc³aw, s. 965. R. Nischkowsky, Breslau, 362 ss. [6] SZAFER W. 1919. Rodzina: Gramineae, Trawy [17] LIMPRICHT W. 1944. Kalkpflanzen des Bober- W: RACIBORSKI M., SZAFER W. (red.), Flora Polska. Katzbachgebirges und seiner Vorlagen. Englers Roliny naczyniowe Polski i ziem ociennych. 1. Bot. Jahres-Bericht 73(4): 375417. Paprotniki, iglaste i jednolicienne. Akademia [18] SCHALOW E. 1936. Ergebnisse der Durchforschung Umiejêtnoci, Kraków, s. 320365. der schlesischen Gefäßpflanzenwelt im Jahre 1935. [7] HUMPHRIES C. J. 1980. Lolium L. W: TUTIN T. Jahres-Bericht der Schles. Gesellsch. vaterl. Cultur 108: G., HEYWOOD V. H., BURGES N. A., MOORE D. M., 6681. VALENTINE D. H., WALTERS S. M., WEBB D. A. (red.), [19] TYMRAKIEWICZ W. 1952. Chwasty pól uprawnych Flora Europaea, 5. Alismataceae to Orchidaceae Dolnego l¹ska. PAU, Prace Rolniczo-Lene 72, (Monocotyledones). Cambridge University Press, s. 3127. s. 153154. [8] FALKOWSKI M. (red.) 1982. Trawy Polskie. Summary PWRiL, Warszawa, 564 ss. Lolium remotum is an archaeophyte of archaeo- [9] MATUSZKIEWICZ W. 2008. Przewodnik do oznaczania zbiorowisk rolinnych Polski. Wyd. phyta anthropogena group. This specialized flax Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, 536 ss. weed was quite frequent plant in Poland in 50s and 60s of the 20th century. At present, it is critically [10] ZAJ¥C A. 1979. Pochodzenie archeofitów wystê- puj¹cych w Polsce. Rozpr. Habilit. UJ 29, 213 ss. endangered species. After first evaluation in Lower Silesia it was [11] CLAYTON W. D., HARMAN K. T., WILLIAMSON H. 2010. GrassBase The Online World Grass Flora categorized as extinct species. Before 1945 it had http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html only 17 localities in 14 ATPOL squares. Between [12] USDA United States Department of Agriculture, 1945 and 1985 it had 7 localities in the region in 6 ATPOL squares. The species has not been observed Natural Resources Conservation Service Plants th Database http://plants.usda.gov since the 70s of the 20 century. After present verification of all localities Lolium [13] ZAJ¥C A., ZAJ¥C M. (red.). 2001. Atlas rozmiesz- czenia rolin naczyniowych w Polsce. Pracownia remotum was categorized as extinct species in the Chorologii Komputerowej Instytutu Botaniki region. Uniwersytetu Jagielloñskiego, Kraków, 714 ss..
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