—ANNOUNCEMENT—

IACO 2017 ANNUAL MEETINGS Abidjam, Côte d’Ivoire, 4th - 9th December 2017 Theme of the 5th Symposium: << Sustainable Coffee Development for the Emergence of the African Economy >>

4th-5th December 2017 5th African Coffee Symposium ACRN Coordination Committee Meeting 6th December 2017 IACO Technical Committees Meetings

IACO Board of Directors Meeting 7th December 2017 African Coffee Policy Forum IACO Annual General Assembly 8th December 2017 Field Visits to African Coffee Projects in

NB:The exhibition opens on 4th December and closes on 9th December 2017 His Excellency Mr. Alassane Ouattara President of the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire

|TABLE OF CONTENTS

P-7 A WORD BY THE CHAIRMAN - Souleymane Diarrassouba Chairman of IACO

P-9 EDITORIAL - The Time Has Come for Action

P-11 KEY HIGHLIGHTS - World Coffee Producers’ Forum: Final Declaration

P-14 ECONOMIC AFFAIRS - Challenges in Coffee Value Chain

P-16 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - Brief Description of TaCRI to IACO

P-18 GOOD TO KNOW - An Overview of Côte d’Ivoire - Grand-Bassam: Universal Value

Periodical of the Inter-African Coffee Organization - IACO Editor-In-Chief: Frederick S.M. KAWUMA, IACO Secretary General Copy Editor: Dominic K. Kamanan Associate Editor: Auguste J.M. AOUTI Address: IACO General Secretariat, Caistab Building 3rd Floor, P.O.BOX V 210 Abidjan - Cote d’Ivoire Tel: +(225) 20 21 61 31 / +(225) 20 21 61 85 Fax: +(225) 20 21 62 12 E-mail: [email protected]

| 5 |

A Word by the Chairman|

“We hope that the meeting in Abidjan will be a real success in ensuring the effective imple- mentation of previous recom- mendations and those that will be made in the course of this week, for a profitable and sustainable coffee industry in Africa.“ Souleymane DIARRASSOUBA Chairman of IACO

Distinguished guests, 1980s. Africa, with the largest number of coffee produ- Dear delegates from IACO Member States, cing countries in the world, produced an average of 1.3 million tons per year during this period. It ranked On behalf of the President of the Republic of Côte second after South America among the major produ- d’Ivoire, His Excellency Mister Alassane OUATTARA, cing regions. I extend to you a warm welcome and a very good stay in Côte d’Ivoire, on the Inter-African Coffee This development dynamic was grossly disrupted after Organization (IACO) 2017 Annual Meetings, under the decade of 1980-1990. Since then, African coffee the theme: «Sustainable Coffee Development for the production recorded a continuous decline. Today, it Emergence of the African Economy». produces about 900,000 tons with a corresponding decrease in export earnings that are less than 10% These Annual Meetings, in addition to Representatives of total export earnings from all producing countries of Governments, bring together producers, traders and in the world, compared with 21% in 1990. This coun- roasters, and all the stakeholders in the African coffee ter-performance was induced by the withdrawal of value chain. Your massive and qualitative presence at the Government from the technical supervision of pro- this session not only shows the unity that prevails within ducers and by the reduction of budgets allocated to the Organization, but also the importance you attach research and development activities. to the development of African coffee and the coffee industry generally. Concurrently with this, global coffee consumption is increasing. Estimates are expected to reach 10.6 The African coffee industry is a very important sec- million tons in 2020 against the 2015 global produc- tor in the economies of African producing countries. tion of about 8.6 million tons. Thus, the African coffee Indeed, our continent has 25 producing countries with industry, with its potential, should put its together and a population of 716 million inhabitants, and for some take advantage of this opportunity to fill the expected of these countries, coffee is a major agricultural pro- shortfall. duct because of export earnings, as well as the reve- nues it provides to small producers. It should be noted Yet, it should be recognized that there are many challen- that this sector experienced an upturn until the late ges. These include:

Inter-African Coffee Organization | 7 || 5 | |A Word by the Chairman

- Low farm-levelproductivity; In addition, IACO should take into account the rele- - fluctuations in prices on international market, vant question of partnerships with the private sector resulting in the decline of coffee production and in pursuit of the following: to finance new agricultu- its tragic impact on small producers, women ral infrastructure and research initiatives; support the and children and its consequences on the eco- creation of a regional supply chain of sustainable nomies of African producing States; coffee; promote investment in value-added activities; - decline in coffee production in our region promote the adoption of climate change mitigation (although it accounts for almost 50% of the wor- initiatives, and adapt to environmental good practice; ld’s arable land, and is the origin of Arabica and and, disseminate information that will guide the sector Robusta coffees, Africa exports only 11% of glo- to achieve a sustainable coffee industry in Africa. bal coffee exports -- well below 23% in the 1980s), while the other producing regions of the world Effective implementation by member countries of the (Latin America, Asia, and the Caribbean) have above measures, by common and effective actions, increased theirs; will undoubtedly contribute to raise the level and per- - aging and diseases of coffee orchards; formance of the African coffee industry. - problem of limited coffee processing for final Therefore, we hope that the meeting in Abidjan will be consumption; a real success in ensuring the effective implementa- - Replacement of most of coffee farms with other tion of previous recommendations and those that will perennial crops, unavailability of labor nega- be made in the course of this week, for a profitable and tively influencing investments in coffee farms; sustainable coffee industry in Africa n - limited funding for research; Souleymane DIARRASSOUBA - Limited domestic consumption; Minister for Commerce, Craft and Faced with these and other challenges, with a mission Promotion of SMEs of Republic of Côte d’Ivoire to guarantee an environment that promotes market Chairman of IACO access and remunerative prices, among others, aimed at improving the living conditions of small-scale far- mers who produce most of our coffee, IACO works in a framework of perspectives of which some are pre- sented as follows:

• encourage the structuring of small farmers into agricultural professional organizations (OPA) for efficient and cost-effective group work; • encourage the creation of good working condi- tions in rural areas and a good standard of living for producers, as an effective means of comba- ting rural exodus and extreme poverty; • support to coffee producers by developing new sources of income and year-round employment for youth and women; • encourage women and youth integration in cof- fee industry in Africa; • encourage capacity-building for coffee produ- cers to adopt better agricultural, entrepreneurial and environmental practices; • establish a Special Fund for Coffee with the African Development Bank (AfDB) as part of a partnership aimed at boosting coffee producti- vity, production and quality in Africa.

| 8 | EDITORIAL|

THe time has come for action

Within three years’ time, IACO will celebrate its 60th anni- versary. Therefore, there is a need to pause and look back to see what the Organization has done for the Member States and mainly, for the farmers. The study has already highlighted the areas that require close attention and, that include critical services that should be provided to the Member States in view of declining production, aging coffee population and, the need for transformation of the coffee value chain. All the iden- tified concerns expressed would be addressed once the resources are available. A key aspect of IACO’s strategic plan is resource mobilization and partnership development. To achieve this objective, one the preoc- cupations of the General Secretariat, is to address the issue of sustainability of the organization as well as that of the African coffee industry. A solution to this challenge could be the Africa Coffee Facility launched last year through a workshop that gathered many cof- fee sector stakeholders. The construction of the new IACO Headquarters, which will also serve as an endow- ment to the organization, is an instrument that will play Frederick Kawuma a critical role in enhancing the sustainability of the organization. Secretary General of IACO The 5th edition of the African Coffee Symposium will On the occasion of the 57th Annual Meetings of the deal with “Sustainable Coffee Development for the Inter-African Coffee Organization (IACO) scheduled to Emergence of the African Economy”. The venue this be held this year in Abidjan, Republic of côte d’Ivoire, year, Grand Bassam (Côte d’Ivoire) comes after the it is the pleasure of the General Secretariat to warmly ones held in Lomé (Togo) in 2013, Kampala (Uganda) welcome all our esteemed delegates and guests. As in 2014, Luanda (Angola) in 2015 and Yaoundé expressed in the common lingua, we say AKWABA to (Cameroon) in 2016. The purpose of these sympo- all of you. sia, in addition to the usual African Coffee Research Network (ACRN) meetings, and IACO’s Annual General I will also take the opportunity to express the Assembly, is to bring key private sector players both Organization’s gratitude to the African Development local and international including coffee experts, coffee Bank (AfDB) for financing a study to revitalize the advocates and policy makers, to discuss the impact African Coffee Industry. This study has been under- of the global trends on African coffee, and the impact taken at a critical time for IACO, and more impor- of these on livelihoods of women and children in sub- tantly examines the challenges as well as prospects Africa to share their experiences with the par- of the organization, as well as African coffee industry ticipants. Given that IACO is an inter-governmental at large. The report from this study, which includes organization that provides an avenue for discussion the Strategic Plan for 2017-2022, will be presented of policy issues, the symposium directly feeds into the at IACO’s 57th Annual General Assembly during this policy discussions that can be immediately taken up year’s Annual Meetings. by the government representatives. Many problems

| 9 | |EDITORIAL

have been identified in African Coffee industry African Union Commission (AUC) in 2016. Thereafter, including low productivity and quality challenges, the IACO Secretary General has made follow-up with poor domestic consumption, shortage of affordable the Department of Agriculture and Rural Economy at finance for the industry, limited cooperation between the AUC, and there is good progress being made. The the Members particularly in the sharing of genetic Secretary General has also appealed to the various materials, and slow adoption of the public-private governments of the Member States to support the partnership approach in solving problems in the motion when it is moved on the floor during the AU African coffee industry. To address these challenges, Council of Ministers and the Heads of State Summit, appropriate resolutions and decisions have been respectively. made in the past. Therefore, it is about time that action is taken to implement whatever has already been The Symposium, which discussions split into five panels, agreed upon, and perhaps, it is possible to state that aims at taking concrete measures to implement those “The time has come, for action in Strengthening decisions, and for that, policy makers have a critical the African Coffee industry!!” role to play. With our pursuit of the position at African Union (AU) as the agency responsible for coffee, com- The other important issue within the Organization is bined with the role of spokesperson for the African cof- how to strengthen the external coordination man- fee industry, we hope that Grand Bassam will give a date, and be the spokesperson for the industry at kick- off to a new move of the Organization n the African Union (AU) level. For four years, under ins- tructions given by the different Annual Meetings, the Frederick Kawuma General Secretariat has pursued the objective to reposition IACO as a specialized agency for coffee in the African Union (AU). To this effect, the Declaration of Luanda of 2015, was officially submitted by the Government of Angola to the Chairperson of the

| 10 | KEY HIGHLIGHTS| World Coffee Producers’ Forum Final Declaration —Medellin Colombia, July 10 - 12, 2017—

FINAL DECLARATION BY THE PARTICIPATING DELEGATES Decisions: OF THE FIRST WORLD FORUM FOR COFFEE PRODUCING 1. To work with all the agents/parties of the global COUNTRIES coffee chain and, with the support of the WTO, on the generation of an Action Plan that shall ini- In the city of Medellín, Colombia, the first forum for cof- tiate with an accurate diagnosis of the problems fee producing countries took place on July 12th, 2017, that coffee growers of the different regions of considering that: the world are facing: Extremely low prices for the producer and excessive volatility, with the larger 1. The profitability of coffee growing has reached a fraction of the value being left in the other links critical point in many producing countries facing down the chain, adaptation to climate change, even negative profitability periods on account scarcity of hand labor, troublesome genera- of factors such as: lower international prices for tio-nal gap and transition, along with precarious the coffee grain which has affected the trade social conditions of farmers. terms for coffee dramatically, meaning a lower 2. The Action Plan shall define the goals to achieve purchase power for the coffee grower; low agro- concerning each issue, the timeframe to achieve nomic yield and an increase in the production them and the financing required. costs associated to climate change and weather variability along with the increase in hand labor 3. These negotiations must be held with the highest costs for tasks such as harvesting/picking. level industrial representatives, donors, interna- tional cooperation agents, multilateral bodies 2. The loss of profitability has translated into impo- and national/local governments, as a shared verishment of a significant percentage of coffee responsibility commitment to pull forward the growers worldwide, limiting their quality of life Action Plan and engage the necessary financial (deprivation of housing conditions and public resources in order to execute it. utilities, educational lagging and low attendance rates, low access to healthcare system, etc.) and 4. As starting point of the Action Plan and based reducing their capacity to reinvest in their crops. on the inputs from the First Forum for Coffee Pro- ducing Countries, a study to be performed by an 3. Although the development of special coffees in independent entity shall take place and in order the last decades have generated special primes to analyze the behavior of prices in the past 40 for the producers, these have failed to compen- years, the behavior of costs during the same sate for the costs associated to certifica-tions period and the correlation between the two. and the value chain analysis of the global coffee The study shall include analysis that verify if the chain evidences that the fraction that reaches inter-national prices of coffee, both in the New the farmers/growers is very low compared to the York and the London stock exchange, reflect the one left for the parties that trade, roast and distri- reality of the physical market. Such study shall bute to the final consumers. also include solution alternatives for the pro- blems des-cribed in the Forum. 4. If no corrective actions are aimed to counter the issues here described, in a coordinated manner 5. A Committee shall be created to develop these and assuring their financing, in the medium term actions. It shall be composed by 2 representatives the world might be facing a generalized crisis of producer associations from African nations, 2 characterized by a structural reduction in the wor- from Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, ld coffee offer with consequential repercus-sions 2 South American representatives and 2 from Asia, in the quality of life for farmers. The latter, while the along with at least one representa-tive from the fol- world demand continues to grow and remains lowing regions: North America, Europe and Asia. unsatisfied, fact that shall generate undesirable 6. This Committee shall present a report about the unbalances in the coffee market that may jeopar- advances, making use of the next WTO Council dize the sustainability of the global chain. meeting as a venue to present these on March 2018.

| 11 | |KEY HIGHLIGHTS

7. The next Forum for Coffee Producing Countries until the higher learning stages through pro- will take place in 2019. The committee shall coor- grams focused on entrepreneurship and com- dinate with the countries regarding who shall be pany develop-ment. The latter, distinguishing the host nation. the importance of the role of coffee producing This declaration is issued in Medellín, on July 12th, 2017. families in transmit-ting culture and conveying knowledge to children, to achieve a sense of ANNEXES: belonging and vocation for coffee growing. CONCLUSIONS OF THE WORKING GROUPS 2. Generate an instrument that enables all produ- Production and Productivity Conclusions: cing countries to share experiences and good practices, replicate successful models and 1. Improve productivity through technological generate interactions between young coffee modernization and nutrition of the crop. Improve leaders, to face globalized challenges in a more technological transfer, technical assistance and share experiences. organized manner. 2. Create a Commission to put into effect the 3. Consolidate the public-private alliances that Action Plan for the Initiatives of the World Forum permit leveraging productivity and profitability of for Coffee Producing Countries supported by col- the business, prioritizing the necessities of young laborative information originated from the diffe- coffee growers, such as: education, access to rent stakeholders. land, production factors and working capital. 3. Collaborative research between producing 4. Create public policies for rural development that countries focusing on genetic and technologi- respond to the generational gap challenges for cal improvement. coffee growers. 4. Increase the internal consumption of producing countries. Price Volatility Conclusions: 5. Improve rural education with an entrepreneurial 1. Concentrate the efforts from the WTO on the approach. interests of producing nations to achieve an 6. Public policies in producing countries oriented improvement in the incomes and attain better towards: financing, environment, rural social remunerative prices for the producer. security, education and infrastructure. 2. Promote the increase of coffee consumption in 7. Connectivity and access to new knowledge, the current markets and in new ones. technologies and scientific development. 3. Independent price and cost analysis that serves 8. Promote coffee quality. as input for the promotion of compensation poli- 9. Reduce production costs. cies for producers by the WTO. 4. Definition of exchange markets or transaction Climate Change Conclusions: mechanisms that adequately incorporate the 1. Create an instrument to strengthen scienti- realities of the different types of coffee, decou- fic research, promote education, exchange of pling it from financial market dynamics and tying good practices and resource management that it to the reality of the coffee trade chain and cof- allows mitigating the effects of climate change. fee costs. 2. Establish public policies for environmental control 5, Approach the commercial and development in the coffee value chain, along three fronts: banking sector to find better financing alterna- Reduction of water consumption in production, ii) tives, alternative uses for coffee, harvest insu- Reforesting, and iii) Access to renewable energies/ rance and tools that add value to producers n power. 3. Generate actions for preserving, conserving and managing water.

Generation Gap/Succession Conclusions: 1. Foster quality and pertinent education for the coffee producing sector since early childhood

| 12 | | 11 | |Economic Affairs

Challenges across the Coffee Value Chain —Medellin Colombia, July 10 - 12, 2017—

From July 10th - 12th, 2017, the global coffee industry the country, where the studies have been done. The gathered in Medellin, Columbia, for the World Coffee second thing that becomes evident is that the income Producers Forum to discuss issues related to sustainabi- from coffee farming depends on the price the farmer lity, labor, price volatility management, improvement of gets for his coffee, which depends on “the market.” coffee productivity and yields, with the purpose of stren- So, what is “the market”? gthening farmers. Frederick Kawuma, Secretary General of the Inter-African Coffee Organization (IACO), partici- According to Investopedia, a market is: pated in the National Coffee Association of America’s blog to provide an overview of the challenges across 1. A medium that allows buyers and sellers of a spe- cific good or service to interact in order to facili- the coffee value chain from the Producers’ Perspective, tate an exchange. This type of market may either as a contribution to the discussions in Medellin. The be a physical marketplace where people come article is hereby is presented for the readers of the together to exchange goods and services in per- African Coffee Magazine. son, as in a bazaar or shopping center, or a virtual There has recently been a spate of studies analyzing the market wherein buyers and sellers do not [physi- income of coffee farmers. The first thing that becomes cally] interact, as in an online market. evident is that the income from coffee farming varies 2. The general market where securities (or commo- depending on the country, and even the region within dities) are traded. This form of the term may also

| 14 | Economic Affairs|

refer to specific securities markets and may take • The total economic impact of the coffee industry place in person or online. in the United States in 2015 was $225.2 billion 3. People with the desire and ability to buy a specific • Coffee-related economic activity comprises product or service. approximately 1.6% of the total U.S. gross domestic For the coffee farmer, the ultimate meaning of “the mar- product ket” is the price received for his goods. It can be offered by • Consumers spent $74.2 billion on coffee in 2015. international traders or even roasters in some instances, • The coffee industry is responsible for 1,694,710 but usually the price the farmer receives comes from inter- jobs in the US economy. mediary, be it an organized exchange or local brokers. • The coffee industry generates nearly $28 billion in According to economic theory, the price is set by the sup- taxes (including ancillary goods).” ply and demand for a good. For coffee, we have the ICE And according to research from the International Coffee New York “C” contract and the London Robusta contract Organization done in 2014 that serve as proxies for the global supply and demand (source: ICO ICC 111-5 Rev.1 for Arabica and Robusta coffee, respectively. But both 24 February 2014): these contracts are financial instruments, not coffee per • An aggregation of total consumption value gives se. These financial instruments are used by professional an estimated gross value of US $173.4 billion in all coffee people (including some growers) to offset price exporting and importing countries in 2012 risk but they are also used by professional investors who make a living from “buying low and selling high.” • From 2000 to 2012, theoretical gross earnings by producers totaled US$11.6 billion for an average For instance, the volume of futures contracts traded on annual production of 121.8 million bags. the ICE “C” contract for 2016 (note: this is futures only, no From the producer’s perspective, we need to somehow options included and only NY “C”, no Robusta contracts) increase the flow of income to producers. Growing coffee was 9,856,314 contracts. At approximately 250 bags must be a profitable endeavor for everyone. Otherwise, equivalent per contract, that represents 2,464,078,500 fewer and fewer of us will be able to continue growing bags or about 16 times more than all the 155 million coffee, and our children will leave for greener pastures in bags produced globally. other more promising sectors of the economy n How can we characterize these financial instruments as Frederick Kawuma being representative of the supply and demand for cof- fee – and should we continue using them as proxies for setting the price for our coffee?

As producers, we must rely on the information available to us. Back in the old days, we relied on coded cables, then the telex machines, telephones with direct dialing. Now we have texting, AIM/AOL, Skype, WhatsApp – and instant gratification.

It used to take days to send a bid and get a reply, some- times a week or more depending on how close the farm was to the central post office. Now the information and disinformation flow back and forth incessantly.

But one piece of information we know we can rely on is that the coffee business has grown and continues to grow, but many producers still receive the same income as we did 40 years ago.

A recent Economic Impact study published by the National Coffee Association of USA noted that:

| 15 | |RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Brief description of TaCRI to IACO

ECHO OF THE IACO’s RESEARCH CENTERS

The Inter African Coffee Organization (IACO) is an Inter- Governmental Organization created in December 1960 in Madagascar. After twenty-three years of operation, the IACO decided to create a technical branch, the African Coffee Research Network (ACRN), whose objec- tives are to:

• Improve cooperation, consultation and sharing of scientific information among its members Encour- age common research objectives. • Organizes the training and retraining of scientists, extension workers and other partners. Exchange and disseminate information and technologies especially plant material. Mobilize funds to finance network programs and activities. To achieve its objectives, ACRN works closely with its 21 research centers. The recent appointment of focal points in the various centers has made it possible to (Coffee Zones in Tanzania) know more about the research centers of the network. The IACO decided to share the first information gathe- red on the research centers by publishing a brief overview, the research programs and projects, the main publications and the list of researchers from the research centers. This publication, which is the first, is about Tanzania, a country in Southern Africa. This publi- cation is part of our policy of dissemination and sha- TANZANIA COFFEE RESEARCH INSTITUTE ring of information. P.O. Box 3004, Moshi, TANZANIA. Coffee production in Tanzania is an important activity of Phone 255-27-2756868/759; Fax 255-27-2756773; Tanzania’s economy. It is the most important export crop. E-mail: info@-tacmprg. Website: www:tacr-lzorg Coffee production averages 50,000 tons per year, of which about 70% is Arabica and 30% is Robusta. The main 1. Description of the research institute production areas of Arabica are in northern Kilimanjaro, Mbeya, Matengo Highlands, Mbinga, Usambara, Iringa, The Tanzania Coffee Research Institute (TaCRI) is the Morogoro, Kigoma and Ngara. The main growing area sole institute charged with coffee research and devel- of Robusta is the Bukoba region of the Kagera region opment in Tanzania. It was incorporated as a company (map). Ninety percent of the country’s coffee farms are limited by guarantee under the Tanzania Companies small. The industry provides direct income to more than Ordinance and became legally constituted and opera- 400,000 farmer households thus supporting the liveliho- tional in 2001. TaCRI, as a stakeholder-led and demand- ods of an estimated 2.4 million individuals. Upstream of driven research institution, is responsible for coffee this important activity is the Coffee Research Institute research and technology transfer to support the reju- of Tanzania (TaCRI), which vve will discuss in this brief venation of the coffee industry in Tanzania to sustain- communication. able prosperity. Since its incorporation, TaCRI has been

| 16 | RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT|

organizing its activities through 5-year strategic action tility laboratory provides reliable analytical, dia- plans (SAPs),placing emphasis in administration of gnostic and advisory services to coffee farmers research, improving scientific standards and reinforcing and other clients. the linkages between TaCRI, the farmers and industry 2.3 The Technology Transfer and Training Programme, stakeholders. supported by zonal extension agronomists in each of the six TaCRI sub-stations (Lyamungu, TaCRI currently has a total of 21 coffee researchers, Kilimanjaro; Maruku, Kagera; Mwayaya, Kigoma; including five (5) PhD holders, eight (8) MSc holders and Sirari, Mara; Mbimba, Mbeya &Ugano, Ruvuma) eight (8) BSc holders. Including the 38 research support staff, it makes a total of 59 staff members. disseminates appropriate and financially viable, proven technologies to farmers and supporting 2. The coffee research programmes and projects agencies; forges linkages between research, extension and farmers; and develops participa- TaCRI has three core Research and Development tory research methodologies, including farmer programmes: managed nurseries for the accelerated mul- tiplication and distribution of seedlings. TaCRI 2.1 The Coffee Improvement Programme deve- has immense expertise and over 10 years’ expe- lops high yielding varieties with large bean size rience in preparation of training materials and and good cup quality in addition to resilience against biotic stresses (diseases) and abiotic training of farmers, extension officers and other stresses (like drought). In the 15 years of exis- stakeholders n tence, a total of 23 new improved varieties were released, including 14 tall Arabicas, 5 compact Arabicas, both with proven resistance to coffee berry disease (CBD) and coffee leaf rust (CLR); and 4 Robustas with proven resistance to coffee wilt disease. Research on drought tolerant varie- ties is in high gear, in response to the changing climate. Seedling multiplication techniques were perfected, including clonal propagation (cuttings), grafting, somatic embryogenesis and production of hybrid seeds. 2.2 The Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) Research Programme develops, evaluates and packages appropriate crop husbandry techno- logies including integrated pest management (IPM) and integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) to go with the new varieties so that they realize their yield potentials in different farming systems. Various IPM techniques have been perfected, including use of bio-pesticides like neem and fishbean, use of different types of traps and lures for coffee berry borer and leaf miner. Research on biological control (use of predators, parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi) is ongoing. A sound soil fertility database for coffee growing areas was generated countrywide, for purposes of gauging the ISFM research and recommendations to farmers. A draft model, called SAFERNAC, was developed and its validation is in the pipeline. The soil fer-

| 17 | |GENERAL INFORMATION / GOOD TO KNOW An overview of Côte d’Ivoire

The Republic of Côte d’Ivoire covers a surface area of 322,462 km2. It is bounded to the north by Mali and Burkina Faso, to the west by Liberia and Guinea, to the east by Ghana, and to the south by the Atlantic Ocean. Its population is estimated at 26,578,367 inhabitants. Its political and administrative capital is and Abidjan is the main economic center. French is the official language and the CFA Francs is the currency used in the country.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION

There are two (2) self-administered districts in Côte d’Ivoire namely, Abidjan and Yamoussoukro, and 31 regions which are sub-divided into sub-prefectures.

Region Capital DIVISIONS Sub-prefectures

Aboude, , Grand More, Loviguie, Rubino, , AGNEBY-TIASSA Oress-Krobou, Ananguié Cechi, , Agboville, Azaguié, Kpacobo, N’douci, Gbolouville, , , , Niokosso, BAFING TOUBA Koro, , Touba , Gouekan, Saboudougou, Guinteguela, Baya, Kassere and Siempurgo, , , , BAGOUE BOUNDIALI Blessegue, , , Sanhala, , M’bengué, Tengrela , Debete, , Papara Boli, Didievi, Molonou-Ble Tie N’diekro, Didievi, Djekanou, BELIER Angoda, Kpouebo, Kokumbo, Lomokankro, Tiebissou, Toumodi Molonou, Tiebissou, Yakpabo- , , Dianra and Diarra-Village, Mankono, BERE MANKONO Marandallah, , Tieningboue, Koungasso , Ondiefidouo and Youndouo , Bouna, , Kalamon and Nimoue, Bogofa , BOUNA , Tehini , Nassian and Sominasse, Gogo, Tehini and Blolequin, Diboke, Tinhou and Zeglao, Blolequin, Guiglo, Bedy-Goazon, Kaade and Niazahon, Guiglo, CAVALLY GUIGLO Toulepleu Tai and Zagne, Bakoubli, Meo, Nezobly, Pehe, Tiobly and Toulepleu Abobo, Adjamé, Attécoubé, Cocody, SELF-ADMINISTERED Koumassi, Marcory, Plateau, Port-Bouët, ABIDJAN Abidjan DISTRICT OF ABIDJAN Treichville, Yopougon, Anyama and Brofodoume, Bingerville, Songon Attiegouakro, SE YAMOUSSOUKRO YAMOUSSOUKRO Attiegouakro and Lobo Kossou Yamoussoukro Yamoussoukro , , Mahandiana-Sokourani, FOLON , Minignan Kimbrila Nord Kaniasso Minignan and Ando-Kekrenou Beoumi and , , Lolobo and N’guessankro, Beoumi, GBEKE BOUAKE Krofoinsou, and , , Botro Bouake Sakassou and , Djebonoua, Ayaou-Sran, Dibri-Assikro, Sakassou and Toumodi-Sakassou

| 18 | GENERAL INFORMATION / GOOD TO KNOW|

Region Capital DIVISIONS Sub-prefectures

Dakpadou and Sago, , Medon GBôKLE Sassandra, Fresco and Sassandra, Dahiri, Fresco and

Bayota, Dahiepa-Kehi, and Yopoue, , Galebouo, Guiberoua, GOH Gagnoa, Oume Dougroupalegnoa Doukouyo, Gnagbodounoa and Serihio, Diegonefla and , Guepahou and Oume

Appimandoum, Pinda-Boroko, Bondo, Laoudi-Ba Sapli-Sepingo, and Yezimala, Goumere and , , Koun-Fao, and , Baohia and Kouassi-Datekro, BONDOUKOU Sandegue, Tanda, Kokoùian, Tankesse and Tienkoikro, Koun-Fao, Bandakagni, Tomora, Dimandougou, Sandegue, and , Daimba, Tanda and Tchedio, Assueferry, Kouassi-Niaguini Transua

Dabou and ToupahAhouanouBacanda, Grand-Lahou GRANDS PONTS DABOU , Grand-Lahou and , Atoutou and Jacqueville

Boohoo, Gbapleu and Guezon, Duekoue; Bangolo, Duekoue, Facobly, Guezon, Koua, Semien and Tieny GUEMON DUEKOUE Facobly, Kouibly Seably, Kouibly, Nidrou, Oulyably-Gnondrou and Totrodrou

Bassawa, Satama-Sokoro, Tendene-Bambarasso and Yaossedougou, , , Bonieredougou and , KATIOLA Katiola Timbe, Arikokaha, Niakaramandougou and Niedekaha and Tafire Bediala, and Gonate Gboguhe and Zahibo, Boguedia, and Tapeguia, , Issia, , HAUT-SASSANDRA DALOA Iboguhe and Namane Nahio and Saioua, Bazra Nattis, Dananon, Ketro-Bassam and Vavoua, Dania Sitifla Aakpassanou, Ananda, , Ouele and Samanza, , N’guattakro, Daoukro, M’bahiakro, DAOUKRO Bonguera Kondossou and M’bahiakro, Anianou, , Koffi-Amoikro, Nafana and Prikro Abengourou, Amelekia, Anianssue, Ebilassokro, Niable, Yakasse-Feyasse Abengourou, INDENIE-GJUABLIN ABENGOUROU and Zaranou, Agnibilekro, Akoboissue Agnibilekro, Bettie and Dame Douffrebo and Tanguelan, Bettie and Diamarakro Gbeleban and , , , Gbeleban, Madinani, And Ngoloblasso, Bako, and ODIENNE Odienné-, Dioulatiedougou, Kimbrila-Sud, Tieme, Seguelon Samatiguila and Samago, Odienne, Gbongaha and Seguelon

| 19 | |GENERAL INFORMATION / GOOD TO KNOW

Region Capital DIVISIONS Sub-prefectures

Chiepo, , Nobo and , Hire and Zebo, Dairo-Didizo and Guitry, and LOH-DJIBOUA DIVO Divo, Guitry, Lakota Yocoboue, , Gagore and , Goudouko and Niambezaria, Lakota Bagbessoun N’douffoukannro and Tibieta Bouafle and Zagueta Bazre MARAHOUE BOUAFLE Bouafle, , Zuenoula and Kouetinfla, , Iriefla and Kanzran Vouebouflan Zuenoula Adzope, Agou, Becedi-Brian and Yakasse-Me Annepe and Assikoi, Affery, Akoupe and Adzope, Akoupe, ME ADZOPE Becouefin, -Comoé Alépé, Allasso, Alepe, Yakasse-Attobrou Danguira and Oghlzapo, Abongoua, Bieby and Yakasse-Attobrou Arrah, Kotobi, Kregbe Bongouanou, Ande, Arrah, Bongouanou, MORONOU BONGOUANOU Assie-Koumassi, N’guessankro, Anoumaba, M’Batto Tiémélékro, Asahara and M’Batto Buyoand Dapeoua, Dabouyo and Gueyo Buyo Gueyo, Meagui, NAWA SOUBRE Gnamangui Oupoyo Grand-Zatry Liliyo and Soubré Okrouyo Soubre , , Kouadioblekro and Bocanda, , N’ZI DIMBOKRO N’zekrezessou, , Daingokro, and Kouassi-Kouassikro , Dimbokro, Kouassi- Kouassikro Boron, and Guiembe Katiali and Fofoin, Dassoungboho and Dikodougou, , , Karakoro, Niafoin and PORO KORHOGO Sinematiali , Kiemou and Napie, , Koni and , Korhogo Ville, Kagbolodougou, Sediogo and Sinematiali Doba and Gabiadji, Dogbo and Grand Bereby SAN PEDRO SAN-PEDRO San- Pedro, Tabou San-Pedro, Dapo-Iboké, Djamandioke, Olodio and Tabou, Djouroutou and Grabo Aboisso, , , end Mafere, Ayamé, and Yaou, Adiake, Aboisso, Adiake, SUD COMOE ABOISSO Assinie-Mafia and Etueboue, Bongo Grand-Bassam, and , Grand-Bassam, Noe, and Tiapoum Ferkessedougou, and Togoniere, Ferkessedougou, FERKESSEDOUGOU Bilimono, Kong and , , Nielle and Kong, Ouangolodougou Toumoukro, Kouara Ouangolo , , and Santa Gbangbegouine, Gbonne and Gouine, , Danane, Gbon-Houye and Ziogouine, Biankouma, Danane, Fagnampleu Gbangbenouine-Yati, MAN Man, , Zouan Podiagouine-Soba, Sangouine Zagoue Man, -Hounien Siplou and , , Teapleu, and Zouan-Hounien, Bin-Houye and Djibrosso, Fadiadougou and Morondo, Kani, SEGUELA Kani, Séguela Bobi-DiarabanaSeguela, Dualla and Massala, Kamalo, Sifie and Worola

| 20 | GOOD TO KNOW / GENERAL INFORMATION|

POLITICS des Agents de la Santé [INFAS] (National Trai- President of the Republic: Alassane Ouattara ning Institute for Heath Workers), etc. Main political parties: Democratic Party of Cote d’Ivoire- • Bouaké: Alassane Ouattara University. African Democratic Rally [PDCI-RDA], Republicans’ • Daloa: Jean Lorougnon Guede University. Rally [RDR], Ivoirians Popular Front [FPI], and Union for • Korhogo: Peleforo-Gbon-Coulibaly University. Democracy and Peace in Cote d’Ivoire [UDPCI]. • Yamoussoukro: Félix Houphouet-Boigny National Telephone code: +225. Polytechnic Institute (INP-FHB). ECONOMICS Major private Universities and prestigious Tertiary GDP: 6.8% Institutions: Natural Resources: • Université Catholique de l’Afrique de l’Ouest [UCAO] (Catholic University of West Africa), Centre • Agriculture: Cocoa, coffee, palm oil, sugar cane, de Recherché et d’Action pour la Paix [CERAP rubber, cashew nuts, coconuts, cotton, food crops Inades] (Center for Research and Peace Action), (yams, cassava, plantains, maize, rice…), fruits (man- University of Grand-Bassam, l’Académie Régionale goes, pawpaw, pineapples, banana, avocados, des Sciences et Techniques de la Mer [ARSTM] and citrus fruits), horticulture and fishery products. (Regional Academy of Maritime Science and Tech- • Mining: Oil, diamond, gold, iron, magnesium, Nic- nology), and hundreds of universities and presti- kel, copper, etc. gious schools in Abidjan and across the country. Major Economic Partners: RELIGION • Imports: the USA, Columbia, , Germany, the The main religions in Côte d’Ivoire are: Netherlands, Spain, England, Belgium, Italy, Swe- • Islam which is practiced by 42.9 percent of the den, and Nigeria. population. Most of the Muslims in Cote d’Ivoire • Exports: the European Union, Economic Com- are Sunnite Muslims of the Maliki rite. Sufism also munity of West African States (ECOWAS) the USA, has a prominent place. There are four brothe- Canada, and Mexico (NAFTA). rhoods in the country, with the Quadiriyya and the Tidjaniyya being the most renowned. The massive Main Ports: Abidjan, San-Pedro. movement of Muslims from Mali and Burkina Faso EDUCATION AND TRAINING has significantly increased the number of Muslims Main universities and government schools in Abidjan: in Cote d’Ivoire. • Universities: Felix-Houphouet-Boigny (Coco- • Christianity is practiced by 33.9 percent of the dy), Nangui Abrogoua (Abob-Adjame), population • Major Colleges: Ecole Nationale d’Adminis- • Catholicism: 17.2 percent. The Catholic missio- tration [ENA] (National School of Administra- naries arrived at the end of the 19th century tion) Ecole Normale Supérieure ( Teacher’s through the African missions in Lyon. The apos- Training College) [ENS], Ecole Nationale tolic prefecture in Cote d’Ivoire was establi- Supérieure de Statistique et d’Economie Appli- shed in 1895. Today, the country is sub-divided quée [ENSEA] (National Advanced School of into four archdioceses (with the biggest arc- Applied Statistics and Economics), l’Institut hdiocese in Abidjan) and 15 dioceses. Their Pédagogique National de l’Enseignement high dignitary is Cardinal Jean Pierre Koutwa, Technique et Professionnel [IPNETP] (National the Metropolitan Archbishop of Cote d’Ivoire. Pedagogical Institute for Technical and Voca- tional Training), l’Institut National Supérieur des • Evangelical Protestantism: 11.8 percent. Arts et de l’Action Culturelle [INSAAC] (Higher • Animism (traditional religions), 3.6 percent and National Institute of Arts and Culture), Institut • 19.1 percent of the population belongs to no National de la Jeunesse et des Sports [INJS] religion. (National Institute of Youth and Sports), l’Institut des Sciences et Techniques de la Communi- WEATHER cation [ISTC] (Institute of Science and Com- The weather is generally warm and humid. The climate is munication Techniques) l’Institut National de equatorial along the coasts and semi-arid in the extreme Formation Sociale [INFES] (National Institute for north. There are generally significant temperature Social Training), l’Institut National de Formation changes in the country throughout the year, notably in

| 21 | |GENERAL INFORMATION / GOOD TO KNOW

the north and south depending on the seasons. Average • Coffee: Ranked the world’s third largest Robus- temperatures hover around 28°C. ta coffee producer, Cote d’Ivoire has recorded a fall in production; from 250,000 tons in 1994 The sub-equatorial weather is characterized by low to be the 14th world producer. amplitude temperatures (25 - 30 °C), a high rate of humidity (80 - 90 percent), and heavy rain falls (some • Palm oil: the palm oil is exported after the 1,766 mm3 in Abidjan and 2,129 mm3 in Tabou). This processing of the kernels. Its production of area has two dry seasons and two rainy seasons. The 109,162 tons in 2004 has increased by 51.20 great dry and hot season is interspersed with a few rains percent. from December to April. The small dry season cover the months of August and September. The raining season • Rubber: The production of this export crop ranges from May to July with heavy rains and October is estimated at 136 776 tons in 2004, while to November with light rains. exported latex is estimated at 14,379 tons. • Sugar cane: Commercially produced, it is esti- The tropical humid savanna climate covers the nor- mated at 1,430,183,98 tons in 2005. thern forest area of the south and the south of the Savanna region. Temperatures with higher amplitudes • Food crops range between 14°C and 33°C at a humidity of 60 to According to statistics established in 2004, the main 70 percent and annual precipitation of 1,200 mm3 food crops (staple foods) consumed locally are: in Bouaké. There are also four seasons in this climatic region: two dry seasons from November to March and • Maize: 608,032 tons produced on 278,679 from July to August, and two raining seasons from June hectares; to October and March to May. • Rice: 673,006 tons produced on 340,856 The dry climate covers mainly the Savanna region. The hectares; daily and annual temperature variations are relatively high in the region; about 20°C, and the rate of humidity • Yams: 4,970,949 tons produced on 563,432 is less compared to the rate of humidity in the south of hectares; the country and varies between 40 and 50 percent. This • Cassava: 2,047,064 tons produced on 269,429 region is characterized by the intermittent presence of a hectares; dry and cool wind; the Harmattan. There are two seasons in the region: the dry season which goes from November • Plantains: 1,519,716 tons produced on 433,513 to June, punctuated by a few rains in April, and the rainy hectares. season which goes from July to October. Average precipi- • Other crops tations of 1,230 mm3 are recorded in Korhogo. Millet, sorghum, fonio groundnuts, sweet pota- AREA OF ACTIVITY toes and cocoyam, eggplant, cucumber, squash, The Ivorian economy is dominated by agriculture. The bean, okra, tomatoes are the other crops that the Ivorian industry sector constitutes only 23.1 percent of Government has encouraged domestic produc- the Gross Domestic Product with the exploitation of its tion since the 1970s, to reduce the dependence mining and petroleum resources. on importation of these products from foreign countries. They are intended for local consump- AGRICULTURE tion. However, in not being able to fully meet the Some 66 percent of the active population is involved local demand from domestic production, onions in agriculture which constitutes 70 percent of export are imported from Niger and the Netherlands. earnings. It is marked by the dominance of coffee and cocoa which represents 40 percent of export earnings • Mixed farming and 20 percent of the GDP. Some six million Ivoirians With a total production of 65,200 tons, Côte d’Ivoire also derive their livelihood from agriculture, with six hun- is the world’s largest producer of cola nuts. Cola dred active farms. nut consumption in Côte d’Ivoire is higher than • Cash crops its exportation, which stands at 14,616 tons. The country also produces Shea butter n • Cocoa: Côte d’Ivoire is the world’s largest cocoa producer with 40 percent, and cocoa (SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA and is the country’s main economic resource. THE IVORIAN MINISTER OF INTERIOR)

| 22 | GOOD TO KNOW / GENERAL INFORMATION|

Grand Bassam Universal Value

The good news is that Grand Bassam has recently been and lack of maintenance. The integrity of the urban classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. This is a landscape is sometimes threatened by land pressure significant achievement of the state of Cote d’Ivoire, and linked to beach tourism. adds to the impetus in the promotion of tourism in this country. The authenticity of the social fabric has been globally preserved, allowing a satisfactory expression of the The historic city of Grand Bassam is a colonial urban outstanding value of the property. While some buildings example of late nineteenth century and early twentieth which are generally public, have been properly restored century. It follows a planning by specialized neighbo- and re-used, the architectural integrity of many others, is rhoods for trade, administration, as well as European often poor and their authenticity is sometimes altered by and indigenous habitats. On the one hand, it offers func- inadequate adaptations. tionalist colonial architecture and urbanism adapted to the weather conditions and according to the hygienic The protection of the property and its management concerns of that time and, on the other hand, a Nzima system are appropriate and are being implemented village that highlights the permanence of indigenous through the institution of “la Maison du Patrimoine” and cultures. Grand-Bassam was the first colonial, port, eco- via the Transversal Commission of Building. It is however nomic and legal capital city of Côte d’Ivoire; It testifies to confirm the suspensive nature of the latter’s decisions to the complex social relations between Europeans and and to strengthen the human and financial resources Africans back then, and to the popular movements for dedicated to the conservation of the property. The boun- the independence of this country. daries of the unified zone should be extended around Petit Paris area and the light house n Grand-Bassam bears witness to its well-preserved urban organization of an important cultural tradition linked to Source: (Ministry of Culture and its role as a colonial capital, as an administrative cen- Francophony, Côte d’Ivoire) ter on the scale of the former French West Africa (AOF) and regional commercial center. From the 1880s to the 1950s, the city brought together and confronted various African, European and Middle Eastern populations in a simultaneously harmonious and confrontational cohabitation.

Grand-Bassam offers an outstanding example of ratio- nal colonial town planning through its specialized neighborhoods within an overall urban network where vegetation holds an important place. Colonial archi- tecture is characterized by a sober and functional style, using hygienic principles applied to a tropical situation. The organization of the vernacular house in the Nzima village echoes it in a way that it expresses the perma- nence of indigenous values.

The integrity of the urban fabric and its environment is quite good. The property comprises sufficient large assemblies of characteristic build-up elements which are well understood. However, the architectural integrity of some of the buildings is threatened by abandonment

| 23 | photo gallery

Dr. Nanga Coulibaly, an ivorian participant to the ICO meeting. Frederick Kawuma,Secretary General of IACO.

The Secretary General and Morris Akiri of Visitors at the Ivorian Stand of Café Terroir. CABI Africa.

Interpreters at their best. A view of the participants.

Café Terroir Côte d’Ivoire. Another Café Terroir Stand of Côte d’Ivoire.

Desk ready for a session. Chairman of IACO addressing the audience. photo gallery

The Secretary General and the Members of the Cup Tasting Center Conference of the Secretary General at the Headquarters of IACO. of Abidjan.

IACO Secretary General and Mr. Aly Touré.

The Secretary General and the Members of the Coffee Council. Frederic Kawuma and Dr. Nanga Coulibaly.