Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land)
On behalf of Nichols 3N Limited
Project Ref: 34296-3501 | Rev: - | Date: August 2015
Office Address: 11 Prospect Court, Courteenhall Road, Blisworth, Northampton NN7 3DG T: +44 (0)1604 878 300 E: [email protected] Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
Document Control Sheet
Project Name: Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire Project Ref: 34296/3501 Report Title: Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Doc Ref: R001 Date: August 2015
Name Position Signature Date
Prepared by: L Truslove Senior Engineer L Truslove 7/8/15
Reviewed by: D Bissell Associate Engineer D Bissell 7/8/15
Approved by: R Thomas LLP Director R Thomas 7/8/15
For and on behalf of Peter Brett Associates LLP
Revision Date Description Prepared Reviewed Approved
- 7/8/15 First full issue LT RT RT
Peter Brett Associates LLP disclaims any responsibility to the Client and others in respect of any matters outside the scope of this report. This report has been prepared with reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the Contract with the Client and generally in accordance with the appropriate ACE Agreement and taking account of the manpower, resources, investigations and testing devoted to it by agreement with the Client. This report is confidential to the Client and Peter Brett Associates LLP accepts no responsibility of whatsoever nature to third parties to whom this report or any part thereof is made known. Any such party relies upon the report at their own risk.
© Peter Brett Associates LLP 2015
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
Contents
1 Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Brief and Purpose of Work ...... 1 1.2 Scope of Work / Terms of Reference ...... 1 1.3 Site Location and Setting ...... 2 1.4 Proposed Development ...... 2 1.5 Sources of Information ...... 2 2 Land Use Information ...... 3 2.1 Introduction ...... 3 2.2 Current Land Use ...... 3 2.3 Historical Land Use ...... 4 3 Environmental Setting ...... 6 3.1 Introduction ...... 6 3.2 Published Geology ...... 6 3.3 Naturally Occurring Geological Hazards ...... 6 3.4 Controlled Waters - Groundwater ...... 8 3.5 Controlled Waters - Surface Water ...... 8 3.6 Environmental Data - Consultations and Searches ...... 9 3.7 Environmental Data From Nearby Developments ...... 10 3.8 Services and Drainage ...... 11 3.9 Ecological Systems ...... 11 3.10 Ancient Monuments ...... 11 4 Ground Stability Assessment ...... 12 4.1 Ground Stability ...... 12 4.2 Geotechnical Investigation ...... 13 5 Tier 1 Contamination Risk Assessment ...... 15 5.1 Introduction ...... 15 5.2 Conceptual Site Model ...... 15 5.3 Hazard Identification Based On Potentially Contaminative Land Uses ...... 15 5.4 Hazard Assessment ...... 17 5.5 Risk Estimation ...... 18 5.6 Risk Evaluation ...... 19 5.7 Confidence and Uncertainty ...... 19 6 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 20 6.1 Conclusions ...... 20 6.2 Recommendations...... 21 7 References ...... 23 8 Essential Guidance for Report Readers ...... 24
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire Figures Figure 1 - Site Location Plan Figure 2 - Site Features Plan Figure 3 - Figure 4 - Extract of Geological Map Figure 5 -
Tables (Within main report text)
Table 3.1 - Summary of the Potential for Geological Hazards Identified in the Envirocheck® Report ... 7 Table 3.2 - Summary of Hydrogeology and Groundwater Vulnerability Related Information ...... 8 Table 3.3 - Summary of Surface Water Related Information ...... 8 Table 3.4 - Summary of Environmental Information ...... 9 Table 5.1 - Potential Sources of Contamination (PSC) ...... 16 Table 5.2 - Identification of Potential Receptors...... 17 Table 5.3 - Estimated Risks...... 18
Appendices Figures Appendix 1 - PBA Methodology for Assessing Contaminated Land Appendix 2 - Site Photographs (July 2015) Appendix 3 - Landmark Envirocheck Report Appendix 4 - Coal Authority Report Appendix 5 - High Peak Borough Council Environmental Search Data Appendix 6 - Summary of Pollutant Linkages & Risk Estimation
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
1 Introduction
1.1 Brief and Purpose of Work
1.1.1 Peter Brett Associates LLP (PBA) has been commissioned by Nichols 3N Limited (the Client) to carry out a Ground Conditions (Ground Stability & Contaminated Land) Desk Study to support a planning application for land at Dinting Road, Dinting, near Glossop in north-west Derbyshire.
1.2 Scope of Work / Terms of Reference
1.2.1 The scope of work undertaken by PBA comprises:
Collection of desk study information relating to the geological, environmental and historical setting of the site.
A walkover survey to examine the existing condition of the Site and surrounding area.
A qualitative Tier 1 risk assessment utilising a Conceptual Site Model to identify 'source – pathway - receptor' linkages to assess the potential risk and hazards, if any, associated with existing or potential future contamination in the ground.
A ground stability assessment of the risk of subsidence arising from; artificial cavities; natural cavities; and potential adverse foundation conditions.
1.2.2 Attention is directed to the final section of this report entitled Essential Guidance for Report Readers.
Contaminated Land Desk Study
1.2.3 The principal components of this assessment are generally as described in Section 6.2 of BS 10175:2011+A1:2013 and guidance given in CLR 11 Model Procedures for the Management of Contaminated Land (EA, 2004). CLR 11 sets out a process based on a tiered risk assessment with increasing level of detail required to progress through the tiers. Due regard is also paid to guidelines detailed in the publication of the Derbyshire Contaminated Land Sub- Group ‘Developing land within Derbyshire: A guide to submitting applications for land that may be contaminated’ (DCLS, 2010).
1.2.4 In order to identify the current conditions and land use on the site and in the surrounding area, readily available information in the public domain has been obtained and reviewed, and a site reconnaissance has been carried out. This report presents a review of the acquired information, together with the developed preliminary conceptual site model (CSM) and the associated Tier 1 risk assessment. This element of the study has been carried out in accordance with PBA’s ‘Methodology for Ground Condition Assessment’, a copy of which is included in Appendix 1.
Ground Stability Desk Study
1.2.1 The objective of a ground stability assessment is to identify the likely ground conditions of a defined site and assess the information to identify potential issues that may have associated geotechnical liabilities or other ground engineering constraints that could affect site development.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
1.2.2 The study is a minimum requirement of the National Planning Policy Framework and includes the assessment of potential hazards arising from artificial cavities, natural cavities, coal and non-coal (underground) mining/ extraction activities and adverse foundation conditions (ranging from soft weak sediments to hard strong rocks).
1.2.3 Available published geological information has been obtained and reviewed, together with data acquired from public databases and a Coal Authority Mining Report.
1.3 Site Location and Setting
1.3.1 The site is located to the south of the Dinting Road adjacent to Dinting Railway Station approximately 1.5km to the north-west of Glossop in Derbyshire. It is centred approximately on Grid Reference 401980, 394800 (SP 019 948).
1.3.2 A map showing the site and its general location is presented as Figure 1 and a plan showing the general setting of the site and salient local features is presented as Figure 2. The site lies on high ground on the northern side of the Dinting Vale within which flows the Glossop Brook watercourse.
1.4 Proposed Development
1.4.1 The proposed development is for residential properties and associated infrastructure.
1.5 Sources of Information
1.5.1 The following primary sources of information were used in the preparation of this report:
A site visit undertaken in July 2015.
Landmark Information Group (LIG) was commissioned to provide historical maps (1:10,000 scale, 1:2,500 scale) and computerised data searches (Envirocheck report) (LIG, 2015).
An Environmental Search Enquiry Report from High Peak Borough Council in response to an environmental data enquiry for information on potentially contaminative current and historical land uses on and in the immediate vicinity of the site.
Current and recent-past satellite imagery accessed through the web-hosted Google Earth and Bing maps portals;
Review of public register environmental database information on the Environment Agency website through the ‘my backyard’ portal, the Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) webhosted database.
Additional local historical data obtained from internet searches and review of planning applications for adjacent developments accessed through the High Peak Borough Council Planning website.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
2 Land Use Information
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 This section presents a summary of current and historical land uses on and immediately adjacent to the site. Land use is used to inform the hazard identification element of the contaminated land risk assessment. For the purposes of this report “on-site” is defined as within the site boundary shown in Figure 2 of this report and features described in Section 2 are shown on Figure 2.
2.1.2 The current land use information is based on a walkover inspection undertaken on the 2nd July 2015. Photographs taken during the visit are included in Appendix 2.
2.1.3 The historical land use information is based on the Ordnance Survey (OS) maps, aerial photography, database searches provided by LIG and information obtained from internet searches.
2.2 Current Land Use
On-Site
2.2.1 The site comprises a triangular shaped car park (Photographs 1 to 3) serving the nearby Dinting Junction railway station. The car park is surfaced with fine stone chippings and is accessed via Dinting Road on the north side of the site. The surface of the car park is generally smooth and does not exhibit particular signs of settlement or any potholes. Occasionally in places the stone surface of the car park has worn away by the passage of vehicles to reveal large cobble and boulder sized lumps of brick, concrete and tarmacadam (Photograph 4).
2.2.2 The car park lies at grade relative to Dinting Road and the adjacent land to the north-east. The site however is elevated above the adjacent public footpath to the south-west by up to (an estimated) 5m (Photographs 5 and 6) and above the adjacent public footpath to the south and south-east by up to (an estimated) 2 to 3m. The slopes forming the edges of the car park down to these footpaths are heavily vegetated with grass and weeds and stand at steep slope angles estimated to be up to 1 vertical in 1 horizontal. The elevation of the car park above the surrounding land to the west, south and east suggests that material has been imported to the site to raise site levels and provide a more level surface for the car parking area.
2.2.3 The surface of the car park slopes downhill to the south-west with an estimated maximum fall across the surface of the car park of up to 1.5m.
2.2.4 At the southern tip and along the south-western edge of the car park heavily vegetated bunds standing up to 1m high above the car park surface surround the parking area, presumably to prevent vehicles driving over the edge of the steep slopes.
Off-Site Adjoining Land Use
2.2.5 The current off site land uses immediately surrounding the site are summarised below:
North – Dinting Road with farm land beyond.
West – Public footpath with farmland beyond and a former ‘Mill Pond’ approximately 90m to the north-west.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
South-west – Overgrown grass land with a reservoir beyond approximately 150m to the south-west of the site boundary and a further reservoir 200m to the south-west adjacent to the northern and southern sides of Glossop Brook respectively.
North-east – Overgrown strip of land with parking and railway land beyond.
South-east – Public footpath with residential property and railway land beyond.
2.2.6 The overgrown strip of land adjacent to the north-east comprises a steep sided heavily overgrown embankment that stands up to 2m above the surface of the car park (see Photograph 3).
2.2.7 Approximately 240m to the north-east of the study site Mouselow Quarry is situated. This quarry extracts shale for use in the brickmaking industry.
2.3 Historical Land Use
2.3.1 This section presents a summary of the identified historical land uses on and immediately adjacent to the site. The historical maps are included in the Envirocheck report in Appendix 3.
On Site
2.3.2 The following observations are made from review of historical maps and historical Google Earth satellite imagery.
No obvious changes to the study site in terms of land use are shown on any of the historical maps reviewed (covering the period 1882 to 2015).
Google Earth satellite imagery available on line shows the study site in 2000 and 2003 to comprise an overgrown field.
Satellite imagery from 2005 (see Figure 3) shows the site in the process of being turned into the present day car park by the placement of fill material seemingly comprising granular material. The image shows that the embankment adjacent to the north-east of the site that exists presently had apparently been recently created at that time.
Off Site
2.3.3 Other than the general rural land uses the following observations are made from the historical map review and other data sources:
Dinting Junction Station is present on the earliest O.S. map dated 1882. The station was enlarged with the addition of new railway lines and the station buildings moved to occupy new buildings at their present position in the late 1890’s. The development included large scale earthworks associated with the construction of railway embankments on sloping ground.
The mill pond present to the north-west of the study site and public footpath adjacent to the west of the site are shown the (1882) earliest O.S. map.
The two current reservoirs (see Figure 4) are shown on the 1882 map approximately 150m to the south-west and 200m to the south-west of the study site. A third large reservoir is mapped in 1882 approximately 375m to the north-west of the study site (grid reference 401600E, 395000N). This reservoir remains in place until the 1982 map when it is labelled as disused and later the 2006 map shows a large industrial building to have been constructed over the reservoir (refer to Section 3.7). These three reservoirs served
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
the large printing works and cotton mill present in Dinting Vale adjacent to the Glossop Brook in 1882.
A large house (Dinting Lodge) lying approximately 250m to the west of the study site is shown on the mapping from 1882 to 1969 inclusive. Internet searches indicate the lodge was constructed in 1842 and demolished in the 1960’s. Today a wooded area occupies the site.
In 1887 a feature labelled on the mapping as a ‘ventilator’ is mapped south-west of the study site close to the nearest reservoir and later three further ventilators are mapped around the northern side of the reservoir up until the early 1970’s. These ventilators are possibly associated with pipes serving the reservoir.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
3 Environmental Setting
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Information on the environmental setting is used in the Hazard Assessment section of the risk assessment to identify potential pathways and receptors.
3.2 Published Geology
Geological Mapping
3.2.1 An extract of the 1:50,000 scale geological map of the area (Sheet 86 – Glossop (BGS, 2012)) is included as Figure 5).
3.2.2 In terms of the mapped bedrock, the site is underlain by Middle Carboniferous aged Millstone Grit strata of the Marsden Formation, that typically comprises mudstone and siltstone and the Huddersfield White Rock that typically comprises sandstone.
3.2.3 The geological map infers that the superficial drift cover overlying the bedrock comprises glacial till of Pleistocene Age.
3.2.4 The mapping records a single fault running roughly north to south through the eastern side of the site that downthrows to the east. The Marsden Formation subcrops beneath the glacial till on the western side of the fault and the Huddersfield White Rock on the eastern side of the fault.
3.2.5 The BGS digital geological mapping included with the Envirocheck Report (see Appendix 3) does not record any areas of ‘Artificial Ground’ (including; Infilled Ground, Landscaped Ground, Made Ground and Worked Ground) on the study site. The mapping does show the following areas of artificial ground within 250m of the study site:
‘Made Ground’ less than approximately 25m to the east of the study site at the site of the station and railway land to the east of the station. The BGS defines ‘Made Ground’ as ‘man-made deposits such as embankments and spoil heaps on the natural ground surface’ and it is likely that this area represents earthworks used to create railway embankments in the late 19th Century.
‘Worked Ground’ at the site of railway lines to the north and east of the station. The BGS defines ‘Worked Ground as ‘areas where the ground has been cut away such as quarries and road cuttings’. The worked ground shown coincides with railway cuttings.
‘Worked Ground’ associated with the Mouselow Quarry approximately 240m to the north- west of the study site.
BGS Borehole Records
3.2.6 The BGS’ web-hosted ‘Onshore borehole records’ database indicates that there are no borehole records within 300m of the study site.
3.3 Naturally Occurring Geological Hazards
Radon
3.3.1 The Envirocheck report identifies that the site is in a lower probability radon area, because less than 1% of homes are above the action level.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
3.3.2 The mapping in the BRE document ‘Radon: Guidance on protective measures for new buildings’ (BRE, 2007) indicates that the study site lies in an area where basic radon protection measures are not required.
Third Party Database Searches
3.3.3 An assessment of certain potential geological hazards that may give rise to adverse foundation or construction conditions, as supplied by the BGS from their National Geoscience Information Service, is included in the Envirocheck report. The assessment is generated automatically based on digital geological maps and the scope and the accuracy is limited by the methods used to create the dataset and is therefore only indicative for the search area.
3.3.4 The information contained in the Envirocheck report has been reviewed and where considered necessary reassessed considering the specific information available for the Site. The modified assessment of the potential for geological hazards to be present on the Site is summarised below.
Table 3.1 - Summary of the Potential for Geological Hazards Identified in the Envirocheck® Report
Hazard Envirocheck PBA Opinion/ Comment Hazard Potential Collapsible Very Low On the basis of the available data, PBA concur with this Ground designation. Compressible No Hazard to PBA consider the risk to be Moderate because the site has Ground Moderate been the subject of placement of fill material. Ground No Hazard On the basis of the available data, PBA concur with this Dissolution designation. Potential for Very Low PBA consider the risk of land slippage around the western and Landslide southern edges of the site to be Low to Moderate due to the presence of up to 5m of fill material that has been placed on sloping ground and that has steep slopes in the fill material around its edges. Running Very Low On the basis of the available data, PBA concur with this Sand Ground designation. Shrinking or No Hazard Around the northern edge of the study site where the fill Swelling Clay material is likely to be less than 1m thick clay soils of the Ground glacial till will be present near the surface. In this location the risk should be considered Moderate.
Artificial (Mining) and Natural Cavities
3.3.5 Consideration is given to cavities because they have ground stability implications and they have the potential to form preferential pathways for contaminant migration.
3.3.6 A search of the PBA Mining Cavities Database indicated that there are no recorded mining cavity locations within 2km of the site centre. The nearest recorded mining cavity is located 5.2km to the south-west of the site centre.
3.3.7 A search of the PBA Natural Cavities Database indicated that there are no recorded natural cavity locations within 2km of the site centre. The nearest recorded natural cavity is located 2.85km to the north of the site centre.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
3.3.8 The Coal Authority report (see Appendix 4) records no past or present coal mining in the vicinity of the study site.
3.4 Controlled Waters - Groundwater
3.4.1 Table 3.2 summarises information recorded in the Envirocheck report and from review of Environment Agency website regarding the hydrogeology of the site and groundwater vulnerability.
Table 3.2 - Summary of Hydrogeology and Groundwater Vulnerability Related Information
Item Details
Aquifer Classification Superficial - Glacial Till – Secondary Undifferentiated1. Bedrock - Marsden & Huddersfield White Rock Formations - Secondary A Aquifers2 Groundwater Vulnerability Low. Depth to Groundwater Unknown. Groundwater Flow Direction Assumed to flow downhill to the south towards Glossop Brook. Groundwater Quality Current & Predicted 2015 Quantitative Quality3 - Good. Current & Predicted 2015 Chemical Quality3 – Not Measured. Predicted 2015 Chemical Quality3 - Poor. Source Protection Zone (SPZ) None within 1km of the site boundary. Licensed Discharge Consents None within 500m. Groundwater Abstraction None within 500m. Private Water Supplies None within 500m. 1. Secondary Undifferentiated - Defined by EA as ‘the layer in question has previously been designated as both minor [secondary] and non-aquifer in different locations due to the variable characteristics of the rock type.’ 2. Secondary A Aquifer - Defined by EA as ‘predominantly lower permeability layers which may store and yield limited amounts of groundwater due to localised features such as fissures, thin permeable horizons and weathering. These are generally the water-bearing parts of the former non-aquifers.’ 3. From Environment Agency website ‘My backyard’ portal.
3.4.2 The presence of the Secondary aquifers underlying the study site requires groundwater to be taken forward to the Tier 1 assessment as a potential receptor.
3.5 Controlled Waters - Surface Water
3.5.1 Table 3.3 summarises the information recorded in the Envirocheck report and from a review of the Environment Agency website with respect to the general hydrology of the site.
Table 3.3 - Summary of Surface Water Related Information
Feature/ Parameter Details
Glossop Brook Approximately 175m to the south-west of the study site. Water Quality Glossop Brook Current and Predicted 2015 Ecological Quality1 - Moderate. Current and Predicted 2015 Chemical Quality1 - Not recorded. Abstraction No live licenses within 500m.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
Feature/ Parameter Details
Recorded Pollution No significant or major incidents with 500m. Two Minor incidents Incidents recorded 150m to the north-west and 248m to the north-east involving spillages of oil into tributaries of Glossop Brook in the 1990’s. Licensed Discharge Two within 500m of the study site. Both at the same site approximately Consents 225m to the north-east for discharge of sewage effluent into a tributary of the Glossop Brook. 1. From Environment Agency website ‘My backyard’ portal’.
3.5.2 The presence of a watercourse down-gradient of the study site requires surface waters to be taken forward to the Tier 1 assessment as a potential receptor.
3.6 Environmental Data - Consultations and Searches
3.6.1 Table 3.4 below summarises environmental information recorded in the Envirocheck report and Coal Authority (CA) report (see Appendix 4), the Environmental Search Report obtained from HPBC (see Appendix 5) and from other searches.
Table 3.4 - Summary of Environmental Information
Category Details (Source of Information) Landfills There are three known landfills within 1 km of the property. (HPBC, EA, The ‘Dinting Lodge Industrial Estate’ Landfill Site (at grid reference 401951, Envirocheck) 394786) is present to the east of the study site and its mapped eastern extent boundary lies approximately 15m to the west of the study site. The site was licenced to accept ‘inert’ and ‘industrial’ wastes and the waste input dates were December 1992 to March 1993. HPBC report that part of the landfill area was redeveloped ‘during which ground gas consistent with CS31 was measured’ and they state that ‘it is advised to undertake gas monitoring on the target site [i.e. this study site] prior to developing it’. The ‘Land Adjacent to Shaw Lane’ Landfill Site lies approximately 190m to the north of the study site. The site accepted ‘inert’ waste from 1990 to 1996. HPBC report that it is believed that the site accepted construction waste from an adjacent development site. HPBC state that the landfill ‘is not considered to present a significant risk to the target site [i.e. study site] due to the underlying geology, volume of fill and distance [from the study site]’. The ’Simmondley Lane’ landfill is present approximately 430m to the south of the study site accepted domestic, commercial and industrial waste from 1926 to 1976. HPBC state that ‘Given the underlying geology it is not considered to present a significant risk to the target site [i.e. study site]’. Waste (EA) There are no registered waste transfer, management, treatment or disposal sites within 500m of the study site. Contaminated No land has been formally identified as Contaminated Land (under Part 2A of Land (HPBC) the Environmental Protection Act 1990) on or within 500m of the study site. There are no records of; contaminated land issues at the site, remediation notices being served on the site, nor any prosecutions of enforcements associated with the site with respect to contaminated land.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
Category Details (Source of Information) Pollution None recorded within 500m of the study site. Incidents (EA, Envirocheck)
Coal Mine There is no record of a mine gas emission requiring action by the Coal Gas (CA) Authority within the boundary of the study site. Fuel Station None recorded within 500m of the study site. (Envirocheck) 1. It is considered that ‘CS3’ refers to a characteristic gas situation of CS3 as defined by BS 8484: 2007 that was current at the time (2009) but has since been superseded. According to BS 8485 a characteristic gas situation of CS3 equates to the site having a ‘Hazard Potential’ defined as ‘Moderate’ based on the measured gas volumes and flow rates.
3.7 Environmental Data From Nearby Developments
3.7.1 The Environmental Search Report obtained from HPBC refers to a 2009 planning application (reference number HPK/2009/0496) andit states covered part of the Dinting Industrial Estate Landfill. The planning application was for the extension of a large factory building that was constructed in the early 1990’s on the site of the former reservoir (at grid reference 401600E, 395000N) referred to earlier in section 2.3. The factory extension proposed in 2009, extended the factory buildings and associated infrastructure eastwards across the remainder of the former reservoir site and on to the western edge of the landfill. Review of the 2015 O.S. mapping suggests that this planned extension did not take place. Figure 4 shows the location of the landfill and former reservoir sites.
3.7.2 The documentation submitted with the planning application has been reviewed and was noted to include the text of a ‘Phase II Geoenvironmental Report’ for the factory site, however the figures and appendices that accompanied the report could not be downloaded. The geoenvironmental study sunk exploratory holes to the east of the current factory building and in the wooded area where Dinting Lodge formerly stood and on the western edge of the landfill, although the exact locations of these cannot be verified without the exploratory hole location plan. The report states that material from the former reservoir was tipped in the ‘wooded area’ that lies adjacent to the west of the landfill and in the ‘open space area’. The open space area is not properly defined; however, it is likely to mean the area on the western part of the landfill. The tipping would have been coincident with the construction of the factory building in the early 1990’s that would have removed material from the reservoir site. This activity was licenced as a landfill between December 1992 to April 1993.
3.7.3 The report states that the Made Ground recorded ranges from 0.7m to 4.8m depth below ground level (bgl) and that it comprises ‘a mixture of soft to very soft organic clays, originating from the former reservoir area together with a granular mixture of ash and cinder, which probably originated from a boiler house on the site’. The depth to bedrock is reported as ranging from 1.5m to 17.9m bgl. The report summarises the ground conditions at the site as:
‘Made Ground’, over ‘Upper Clay’, over ‘Sand’ (not always present), over ‘Lower Clay’, over ‘Weathered Shale’ (bedrock).
3.7.4 The report does not differentiate whether the clay and sand strata are Glacial Till, Alluvium, or River Terrace Deposits, all of which outcrop on the factory site according to online BGS
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
geological mapping. It is possible that the sand could be a granular horizon in the Glacial Till or the Alluvium or could represent the River Terrace Deposits.
3.7.5 The report states that ground gas concentrations ‘are low, however within the area of the tipped former reservoir material, elevated methane and carbon dioxide concentrations have been recorded. The presence of elevated methane and carbon dioxide concentrations are most likely to be attributable to the organic nature of the former reservoir material, although there may be a minor component derived from deeper strata.’ The report shows that three boreholes recorded elevated gas levels when atmospheric pressure was below 1000 mB. Methane levels ranged from 6.4% to 25.6%v/v and carbon dioxide levels from 6.7% to 13.8%v/v with gas flow rates up to 4.9 litres per hour. The gas levels and flow rates explain the Moderate CS3 Hazard Potential for soil gas identified by HPBC (see Table 3.4).
3.7.6 Whilst the geoenvironmental report has confirmed that a spread of organic soils is present on the western part of the landfill site, that in 2009 was generating soil gases resulting in Moderate CS3 Hazard Potential, it is considered that the same hazard potential is not likely to apply to the whole landfill. This is because the landfill was only licensed to accept ‘inert’ and ‘industrial’ wastes.
3.8 Services and Drainage
3.8.1 No services were evident during the site walkover. Services will be constructed as part of the proposed redevelopment. Services will therefore be taken forward to the Tier 1 assessment as potential receptors.
3.9 Ecological Systems
3.9.1 The interactive map on the MAGIC website (www.magic.gov.uk) indicates that there are no local or national nature reserves, Ramsar sites, Sites of Special Scientific Interest or Special Areas of Conservation present within 500m of the study site. Ecological systems have therefore been eliminated as potential receptors for the purposes of ground condition assessment.
3.10 Ancient Monuments
3.10.1 According to the MAGIC website (www.magic.gov.uk) there are no world heritage sites or scheduled ancient monuments within 500m of the study site and therefore these have been eliminated as potential receptors for the purposes of ground condition assessment.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
4 Ground Stability Assessment
4.1 Ground Stability
4.1.1 The study site will be developed with residential properties and associated infrastructure that will include buried services and an access road.
4.1.2 The risk assessment requires consideration of the potential risk of:
a. Ground instability due to potentially unstable slopes;
b. Ground movements (subsidence) due to artificial or natural cavities, the presence of clay- soils or potential adverse foundation conditions.
Potentially Unstable Slopes
4.1.3 The study site is underlain by Fill associated with the car park construction in around 2005. Around the south-eastern and western sides of the site the Fill has been formed into steep slopes up to 3m and 5m high respectively at slope angles we estimated at 1 vertical in 1.5 horizontal. There is therefore at this stage considered to be a low to moderate risk of slope instability at the study site particularly around the edges of the site. This is because;
The composition of the fill material is unknown; It is not known whether the fill was placed to an engineering specification under the appropriate workmanship; The fill material was placed on sloping ground; and The slope angles at the edges of the fill are relatively steep.
Ground Movements (subsidence) due to Artificial Cavity Occurrence
4.1.4 As outlined in Section 3, there are no recorded artificial non-coal mining (underground) cavity occurrences recorded in the searched databases within 5km of the study site and the risk of occurrence of these can therefore be considered to be very low and to pose no potential hazard to development.
4.1.5 According to the Coal Authority Report (CA, 2015) (see Appendix 4) the study site is:
Not within the zone of likely physical influence on the surface from past or present underground coal workings and there are no known coal mine entries on or within 20m of the site; Not in an area for which the Coal Authority is determining whether to grant a licence to remove coal using underground methods nor is it in an area for which a licence has been granted to remove or otherwise work coal using underground methods; Not in an area that is likely to be affected at the surface from any planned future underground coal workings. Not within the boundary of a past opencast coal site and is not within 200m of a present opencast coal site. Not within 800 metres of the boundary of an opencast site for which the Coal Authority is determining whether to grant or has granted a licence to remove coal by opencast methods.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
4.1.6 According to the mining cavities database the nearest coal mining cavity is recorded as being 5.2km south-west of the site located at Goyt Trough Coalfield.
4.1.7 The risk of subsidence due to past coal mining can therefore be considered to be very low and to pose no potential hazard to development.
Ground Movements (subsidence) due to or Natural Cavity Occurrence
4.1.8 As outlined in Section 3, there are no recorded natural cavity occurrences recorded in the searched databases within 2km of the study site. The nearest cavity is recorded as 1 no. Gull/Fissure due to Cambering at Tintwitsle Quarry approximately 2.85km to the north of the study site. The geological formations present at this site are the Carboniferous aged Lower Kinderscout Group and the Hebden Formation neither of which is mapped as being present in the vicinity of the study site. The risk of occurrence of natural cavities can therefore be considered to be very low and to pose no potential hazard to development.
Ground Movements due to Clay-soils or Potential Adverse Foundation Conditions
General presence of ‘Clay soils’
4.1.9 The BGS mapping (see Figure 4) infers that the study site is directly underlain by Glacial Till (typically gravelly clays). The desk study has identified deposits of fill overlying the entire study site from less than 1m of fill at the northern edge of the site to potentially in excess of 5m at the southern end of the site. Therefore clay soils and the potential for compressible ground will require consideration.
4.1.10 All clay soils are to a varying degree susceptible to shrinkage and swelling due to both seasonal effects and due to the effect of trees and other vegetation. Standard geotechnical classification tests are likely to classify the clays of the Glacial Till as low volume change potential soils (BRE, 1993).
4.1.11 Design and construction protocols to manage the risk of shrinkage/ swelling movements on clay soil sites are well established with published guidelines produced by the Building Research Establishment and National House Building Corporation (NHBC) (NHBC, 2014). Adherence to these published guidelines, including guidelines on new proposed landscape plantings, should ensure no increased risk to structures or foundations as a result of a clay soil classification of the site.
Potential Adverse Foundation Conditions
4.1.12 Although traditional shallow foundations would be unlikely to be acceptable in the fill material due to the potential for differential settlements, it may be possible to use ‘special’ foundations deep trench fill foundations where the fill is thinnest or raft foundation bearing in the fill material. Rafts may be possible because the fill present on site is likely to have been granular and to have been well compacted based on the evidence of the site walkover that did not find evidence of differential settlements in the fill material. It is possible that ground improvement such as dynamic compaction or vibro treatment could be used to densify the fill if it is granular and thus allow shallow foundations to be used. If these potential solutions are not possible then piled foundations bearing in the natural ground beneath the fill material would be required.
4.2 Geotechnical Investigation
4.2.1 An intrusive geotechnical investigation will be required in due course to provide site specific information to assist in the design of foundations and infrastructure and to allow assessment
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
of long term slope stability around the south-eastern and western sides of the site. Specifically the investigation work should record:
The composition, thickness and geotechnical properties of the fill material; The thickness and geotechnical properties of the Glacial Till underlying the fill; and The geotechnical properties of the underlying bedrock formations. 4.2.2 The geotechnical investigations should be carried out in accordance with current best practice and the requirements of BS5930: 2015 Code of practice for ground investigations. BS5930 gives best practice recommendations on information gathering on ground related features that might affect the design and construction of development works.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
5 Tier 1 Contamination Risk Assessment
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 A Tier 1 qualitative contamination risk assessment has been undertaken for the study site. The methodology and criteria adopted by PBA for the preliminary geoenvironmental risk assessment is presented in Appendix 1.
5.1.2 When there is a pollutant linkage (and therefore some measure of risk) it is necessary to determine whether the risk matters and therefore whether further action is required. PBA provide an estimation of the level of risk but do not comment on whether or not it is an unacceptable risk because the significance or acceptability of a risk depends on the individual stakeholder. Risk estimation involves predicting the likely consequence (what degree of harm might result) and the probability that the consequences will arise (how likely the outcome is).
5.2 Conceptual Site Model
5.2.1 The Tier 1 Preliminary Risk Assessment includes the development of a conceptual site model (CSM). The CSM describes the types and locations of potential contamination sources, the identification of potential receptors and the identification of potential transport/migration pathways.
5.3 Hazard Identification Based On Potentially Contaminative Land Uses
On Site
5.3.1 One site wide hazard has been identified associated with a Potential Source of Contamination (PSC). This is associated with the presence of imported fill covering the entire study site imported to raise site levels during construction of the current car park and this recent land use as a car park. The filling was around 2005 when activities such as this would have been controlled and scrutinised by regulators and although it is considered relatively unlikely that the imported fill as a whole will contain significant levels of any potential contaminants, the possibility of a small number or rogue loads cannot be ruled out and therefore adopting a precautionary approach we have assigned the site a Low and hazard classification of 2 (out of 5) as defined in Table 1 of the PBA Assessment Methodology (see Appendix 1).
Off Site
5.3.2 Potential off site hazards have been identified as; the historical Dinting Lodge Industrial Estate landfill, the embankment of fill material adjacent to the north-eastern side of the study site and the large area of fill material associated with the railway embankments associated with Dinting Junction to the south-east of the study site.
5.3.3 One site wide hazard has been identified. This is the presence of the historical Dinting Lodge Industrial Estate landfill that at its closest lies less than 20m to the west of the study site. The western part of the landfill has been confirmed historically to contain organic material that is producing soil gases. The landfill is therefore considered to present a soil gas risk to the study site, however, this risk is likely to be limited by the following:
It is unlikely that the organic materials generating the soils gases are present throughout the entire landfill;
The landfill is apparently a land raise type landfill created by spread fill on the ground rather than filling a hole (for which no historical evidence exists);
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
The landfill materials are not likely to be very thick; and
The fill material is underlain by glacial till subsoil that is typically a clay that will present a potential barrier to gas migration.
5.3.4 The adjacent embankment comprised of fill material of unknown origin is considered to represent a localised hazard to the north-eastern side of the study site only.
5.3.5 The ‘Made Ground’ associated with the railway embankments of Dinting Junction is not considered to be a PSC because there is not deemed to be a viable pathway between it and the study site. This is because these structures are down gradient of the study site and therefore any contamination present would migrate downslope away from the study site. The age of the fill materials at over 100 years since placement, according to the historical mapping, are likely to mean that any soil gas generation within the fill materials is likely to have ceased long ago.
5.3.6 The potential for the small embankment adjacent to the north-eastern side of the study site to generate significant contamination is considered to be Low and is assigned a hazard classification of 2 (out of 5) as defined in Table 1 of the PBA Assessment Methodology (see Appendix 1).
5.3.7 The potential for the Dinting Industrial Estate Landfill to generate significant contamination is considered to be Low for the reasons described above and assigned a hazard classification of 2 (out of 5) as defined in Table 1 of the PBA Assessment Methodology (see Appendix 1). The hazard is considered to only apply to the potential for soil gas migration that could occur laterally on to the study site through any granular horizons (if present) in the Glacial Till, with the potential receptors being human health, buildings and property only on the study site. A pathway for the migration of contaminants from the landfill via groundwater flow is not considered plausible. This is because the location of the study site and the landfill lie on a sloping valley side that would result in contaminants transported by groundwater migrating southwards downslope away from the study site.
Summary of Potential Sources of Contamination (PSC)
5.3.8 PSC identified on the site or within the vicinity of the Site are described on Table 5.1.
Table 5.1 - Potential Sources of Contamination (PSC)
PSC Description Potential Contaminants of Concern Reference 1 On Site – Imported Fill – Possible general industrial contaminants such as Site Wide. heavy metals and hydrocarbons. Potential for soil gas (carbon dioxide, methane) generation within fill materials and any topsoil buried by the filling. 2 Off Site – Dinting Lodge Potential for migration on to the study site of soil Industrial Estate Landfill – gases (carbon dioxide, methane) generated within Localised. the landfill materials. 3 Off Site – Embankment of Possible general industrial contaminants such as Fill Material adjacent to heavy metals and hydrocarbons leaching from the north-eastern side of the embankment on to the study site via rainwater runoff. site - Localised. Potential for migration on to the study site of soil gases (carbon dioxide, methane) generated within fill materials.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
5.4 Hazard Assessment
5.4.1 In order to determine whether the identified hazards pose a risk it is necessary to identify the presence of potential receptors and pathways by which they can be exposed to the hazard.
Identification of Potential Receptors
5.4.2 Details of the potential receptors considered and whether or not the receptor is plausible are presented in the following table:
Table 5.2 - Identification of Potential Receptors
Receptor Type Plausible Receptor (Y/N) Sensitivity/Value
Human Yes – Site is presently used as a car park. High / 4 [Current users]. Human Yes – Residential end use proposed. Very High / 5 [Future occupiers]. Human Yes - Workers will be present during High / 4 [Construction & construction and will occasionally visit for maintenance maintenance. workers]. Human Yes – Residential property approximately 25m High / 5 [Neighbouring to the south-east. resident]. Controlled waters Yes – Site is approximately 175m up gradient Moderate / 3 Surface water (north) of Glossop Brook. Controlled waters Yes - Secondary A aquifers underlie the site. Low / 2 Groundwater Buildings / Materials Yes - Residential properties are proposed. Very Low / 1 Property: Including Yes - Local buildings replaceable. Very Low / 1 buildings. Ecological Systems * No - None within 1km. - Designated No - None within 1km. - archaeological sites (other than listed buildings) and other ancient monuments*
*1 Internationally or nationally designated sites (as defined in the statutory guidance (Draft Circular on Contaminated Land, DETR, 2000)) “in the local area” will be identified as potential ecological receptors.
Identification of Potential Pathways and Pollutant Linkages
5.4.3 Table 2 in the PBA methodology describes possible pathways for each receptor type. Each of these possible pathways is then considered when assessing the possible pollutant linkage. The assessment of the potential pollutant linkages identified using information on potential sources, receptors and exposure pathways is presented as table within Appendix 6.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
5.5 Risk Estimation
5.5.1 When there is a pollutant linkage (and therefore some measure of risk) it is necessary to determine whether the risk matters and therefore whether further action is required. Risk estimation involves predicting the likely consequence (what degree of harm might result) and the probability that the consequences will arise (how likely the outcome is).
5.5.2 The table in Appendix 6 present assessments of consequence and probability for each potential pollutant linkage identified. Based on the information available, and assuming a worst case scenario, the estimated risks have been designated as follows:
Table 5.3 - Estimated Risks
Receptor Type Estimated Risk (see Table 1 in Appendix 6) Human Health Current Users (Car Park) Very Low Human Health Future Users (Residential Properties) Low Human Health Off-Site (Residential Properties) Low Human Health Construction Workers Moderate/ Low Groundwater Very Low Surface Water Low Buildings / Services Very Low to Low Property Very Low
5.5.3 There are long term risks to future site users from on site soil and groundwater contamination and soil gases and off site generated soil gases that are assessed as Low based on the Methodology.
5.5.4 During the construction phase the underlying ground will be exposed and there is an enhanced short term risk to off site human health from wind-blown dust which is assessed as Low.
5.5.5 During the construction phase there is an enhanced short term risk to construction workers from contact with soil gases, soil and groundwaters that are assessed as Moderate/ Low.
5.5.6 In the long term post construction there is a theoretical risk to buildings and services on the site and groundwater that is assessed as Low.
5.5.7 A moderate risk is defined as ‘It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard. However, it is either relatively unlikely that any such harm would be severe, or if any harm were to occur it is more likely that the harm would be relatively mild.’
5.5.8 A low risk is defined as ‘It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard, but it is likely that this harm, if realised, would at worst normally be mild.’
5.5.9 A very low risk is defined as ‘There is a low possibility that harm could arise to a receptor. In the event of such harm being realised it is not likely to be severe.’
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
5.6 Risk Evaluation
5.6.1 Possible pollutant linkages are determined using professional judgement. If a linkage is considered possible, it is considered that this represents a potentially ‘unacceptable risk’ and therefore requires further consideration. This may be through remediation or mitigation or through further tiers of assessment.
5.6.2 The highest estimated risk of Moderate/ Low for construction workers during redevelopment of the site should be reduced to Very Low with the adoption of basic mitigation measures during construction, such as the wearing of Personal Protective Equipment by site workers and the use of dust suppression during excavation works.
5.6.3 The highest estimated risk of Low for off site residential properties during redevelopment of the site should be reduced to Very Low with the use of dust suppression during excavation works.
5.6.4 The highest estimated risks of Moderate/ Low and Low for on site human health during and post redevelopment respectively will need to be assessed by geoenvironmental ground investigation of the identified PSC in advance of development of the site and further tier(s) of risk assessment.
5.7 Confidence and Uncertainty
5.7.1 The assessment presented herein is based on publically available land use and site reconnaissance data. There may be conditions and potential sources of contamination present on site that have not been identified as part of the current study. The ground condition data and risk assessment given in this report is qualitative in nature.
5.7.2 Given the known history of the site, the site setting, scale of the identified PSCs and risk levels identified in the preliminary Tier 1 risk assessment, it is anticipated that the requirement to carry out the Phase 2 intrusive investigation (and associated quantitative risk assessment) can be satisfactorily dealt with through standard conditions attached to the planning consent.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
6 Conclusions and Recommendations
6.1 Conclusions
6.1.1 The study site comprises a car park that has been constructed by the placement of up to 5m thickness of imported fill materials of unknown origin resulting in steep slopes surrounding the western side and south-eastern edge of the study site.
6.1.2 The site lies within 20m of an historical landfill within which soil gas generation has been proven historically.
6.1.3 The study site is underlain by glacial till and bedrock deposits of the Marsden and Huddersfield White Rock Formations that are all classified as Secondary Aquifers. The Glossop Brook is present approximately 175m downhill to the south of the study site.
Ground Stability
6.1.4 The surface of the car park site slopes gently downhill to the south generally, however, steep slopes in the placed fill material are present along the western side and south-eastern edge of the study site and the fill material was laid on a sloping valley side. For these reasons the risk of unstable slopes occurring can be considered to be Low to Moderate.
6.1.5 The risks of coal and non coal mining cavities or natural cavities being present at the study site are assessed as very low.
6.1.6 The study site is underlain by clay soils that on the northern parts of the site where the fill material is likely to be thinnest will need to be taken into account in foundation design.
6.1.7 The presence of significant thicknesses of fill material present on site is likely to require the use of piled foundations or special foundations such as raft foundations or ground improvement to allow shallow foundations to be used.
Potential Land Contamination
6.1.8 One on site and two off site potential sources of contamination have been identified with potential pollutant linkages to the study site. These are; the fill materials present on the study site, an embankment of fill material adjacent to the north-eastern side of the study site and an historical landfill within 20m of the study site.
6.1.9 Potential pollutant linkages have been identified using the information on potential sources (contaminant types), receptors and exposure pathways. These are:
During the construction phase the underlying ground will be exposed and there is an enhanced short term risk to off site humans from soil contamination via windblown dust that is assessed as Low.
During the construction phase there is an enhanced short term risk to construction workers from contact with on site soil gases, soil and groundwaters that is assessed as Moderate/ Low and to surface waters from on site soil and groundwater contamination that is assessed as Low.
Long term risks to future site users from on site soil and groundwater contamination and soil gases and off site generated soil gases that are assessed as Low.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
In the long term post construction there is a theoretical risk to buildings and services on the site from contact with on site contaminated soils and groundwaters and off site soil gases that is assessed as Low.
6.1.10 It is considered that the risk to future site users can be can be managed and reduced to a very low level through the remediation or removal of identified contamination (if present) ahead of development, or the use of soil gas protection measures (if necessary) in new buildings if elevated soil gases are recorded on site.
6.1.11 It is considered that the risks to site workers can be managed and reduced to a very low level through the adoption of good practice measures during construction and remediation or removal of identified contamination (if present) ahead of development. These mitigation measures should include the adoption of good hygiene practices for workers coming into contact with the soil or groundwater during construction works and the employment of dust suppression during construction.
6.1.12 It is considered that the risks to groundwater, surface waters and off site human health can be managed and reduced to a very low level through the adoption of good practice measures during construction and remediation or removal of identified contamination (if present) ahead of development.
6.1.13 On this basis, there is no reason that the Site would be designated as Contaminated Land under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act 1990.
6.2 Recommendations
Geotechnical Investigation
6.2.1 A geotechnical ground investigation should be undertaken following planning consent as part of the development delivery process to provide information for foundation and infrastructure design. In particular the investigation should provide information on the following:
The spatial distribution, thickness and geotechnical properties of the Made Ground present on site. Confirm if the Made Ground overlies a buried topsoil layer. The thickness and geotechnical properties of the glacial till. Geotechnical properties of the bedrock deposits. Groundwater levels within the glacial till and bedrock strata. 6.2.2 The investigation should also provide on this clay soil site some soil plasticity data to assist with the design of foundations in the presence of trees and hedgerows to be retained or where new landscape planting is proposed.
6.2.3 The geotechnical investigations should be carried out in accordance with current best practice and the requirements of BS5930: 2015 Code of practice for ground investigations. Upon completion of the investigation assessments will be required of the following:
Potential foundation solutions and foundation design;
The potential for slope instability; and
The design of road pavements and infrastructure.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
Geoenvironmental Investigation
6.2.4 A Phase 2 intrusive (geoenvironmental) ground investigation will be required to fully characterise the ground conditions at the site and to target the identified PSCs. This should include a programme of chemical analysis of soil and (if present) groundwater and a soil gas monitoring programme. The gas monitoring should target both the on site fill material to determine if soil gases are being generated on the study site and the natural strata underlying the site to determine if soil gas being generated on the off site landfill is migrating on to the study site.
The work should be carried out in accordance with BS10175:2011+A1:2013 Investigation of potentially contaminated sites – code of practice, and the guidelines for Phase 2 Intrusive investigations outlined in the Derbyshire Contaminated Land Sub-Group publication ‘Developing land within Derbyshire: A guide to submitting applications for land that may be contaminated’ (DCLS, 2010).
The geotechnical and geoenvironmental ground investigation work should be combined into one investigation.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
7 References
BRE, 1993. Digest 240. Low-rise buildings on shrinkable clay soils: Part 1. BRE, Watford.
BRE, 2007. Radon: Guidance on protective measures for new buildings’. Building Research Establishment, 2007.
BS 5930: 2015 Code of practice for site investigation. British Standards Institution.
BS 8485: 2007 Code of practice for the characterization and remediation from ground gas in affected developments. British Standards Institution.
BS 10175:2011+A1:2013 Investigation of potentially contaminated sites – Code of Practice. British Standards Institution.
CA, 2015. Non-Residential Coal Authority Mining Report – Site at Dinting Road, Dinting, Derbyshire. Report 51000911274001. 1st July 2015.
DCLS, 2010. Developing land within Derbyshire: A Guide to Submitting Applications for Land That May Be Contaminated, Version 4 - March 2010. Derbyshire Contaminated Land Sub- Group.
EA, 2004. CLR 11 Model procedures for the management of contaminated land. Department of the Environment Contaminated Land Report.
LIG, 2015. Envirocheck report No 69329850_1_1, dated 1st July 2015. Supplied by the Landmark Information Group.
NHBC, 2014. National House Building Council Technical Standards 2014.
NPPF, 2012. Department for Communities and Local Government. National Planning Policy Framework. March 2012.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
8 Essential Guidance for Report Readers
This report has been prepared within an agreed timeframe and to an agreed budget that will necessarily apply some constraints on its content and usage. The remarks below are presented to assist the reader in understanding the context of this report and any general limitations or constraints. If there are any specific limitations and constraints they are described in the report text.
1 The opinions and recommendations expressed in this report are based on statute, guidance, and best practise current at the time of its publication. Peter Brett Associates LLP (PBA) does not accept any liability whatsoever for the consequences of any future legislative changes or the release of subsequent guidance documentation, etc. Such changes may render some of the opinions and advice in this report inappropriate or incorrect and the report should be returned to us and reassessed if required for re-use after one year from date of publication. Following delivery of the report PBA has no obligation to advise the Client or any other party of such changes or their repercussions.
2 Some of the conclusions in this report may be based on third party data. No guarantee can be given for the accuracy or completeness of any of the third party data used. Historical maps and aerial photographs provide a “snap shot” in time about conditions or activities at the site and cannot be relied upon as indicators of any events or activities that may have taken place at other times.
3 The conclusions and recommendations made in this report and the opinions expressed are based on the information reviewed. There may be ground conditions at the site that have not been disclosed by the information reviewed. Such undisclosed conditions cannot be taken into account in any analysis and reporting.
4 It should be noted that groundwater levels, groundwater chemistry, surface water levels, surface water chemistry, soil gas concentrations and soil gas flow rates can vary due to seasonal, climatic, tidal and man made effects.
5 This report has been written for the sole use of the Client stated at the front of the report in relation to a specific development or scheme. The conclusions and recommendations presented herein are only relevant to the scheme or the phase of project under consideration. This report shall not be relied upon or transferred to any other party without the express written authorisation of PBA. Any such party relies upon the report at its own risk.
6 The interpretation carried out in this report is based on scientific and engineering appraisal carried out by suitably experienced and qualified technical consultants based on the scope of our engagement. We have not taken into account the perceptions of, for example, banks, insurers, other funders, lay people, etc., unless the report has been prepared specifically for that purpose. Advice from other specialists may be required such as the legal, planning and architecture professions, whether specifically recommended in our report or not.
7 Public or legal consultations or enquiries, or consultation with any Regulatory Bodies (such as the Environment Agency, Natural England or Local Authority) have taken place only as part of this work where specifically stated.
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Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
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Client Date Mar 2013 LAND AT DINTING ROAD, A4 Scale NTS Nichols 3N DINTING, DERBYSHIRE Drawn LT Limited Checked DBi EXTRACT OF GEOLOGICAL Figure 11 Prospect Court, Courteenhall Road, Blisworth, Northampton, NN7 3DG MAP 5 Tel 01604 878300 Fax 01604 878333 j:\34296 land at dinting road, dinting\word\reports\geo\fig 4 geology map.doc Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire Appendix 1 - PBA Methodology for Assessing Contaminated Land
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PBA Methodology for Assessing Land Contamination in England
possibility that such harm could be caused, or pollution 1 Introduction of controlled waters is being, or likely to be, caused”. This document defines the approach adopted by PBA in relation to the assessment of land contamination in Harm is defined as “harm to the health of living England. The aim is for the approach to (i) be organisms or other interference with the ecological systematic and objective, (ii) provide for the systems of which they form part, and in the case of assessment of uncertainty and (iii) provide a rational, man, includes harm to his property”. consistent, transparent framework. For the purposes of Part 2A, land is contaminated if it When preparing our methodology we have made poses a significant possibility of significant harm reference to various technical guidance documents and (SPOSH). legislation referenced in Section 7 of which the principal documents are (i) Contaminated Land Part 2A provides a means of dealing with unacceptable Statutory Guidance (Defra 2012), (ii) the Model risks posed by land contamination to human health and Procedures for the Management of Contamination the environment, and under the guidance enforcing (CLR 11) (EA 2004), (iii) Contaminated land risk authorities should seek to find and deal with such land. assessment: A guide to good practice (C552) (CIRIA It states that “under Part 2A the starting point should be 2001) and (iv) National Planning Policy Framework that land is not contaminated land unless there is (DCLG 2012). reason to consider otherwise. Only land where unacceptable risks are clearly identified, after a risk assessment has been undertaken in accordance with 2 Dealing with Land Contamination the Guidance, should be considered as meeting the Government policy on land contamination aims to Part 2A definition of contaminated land”. Further the prevent new contaminated land from being created and guidance makes it clear that “regulatory decisions promotes a risk based approach to addressing should be based on what is reasonably likely, not what historical contamination. With regard to historical is hypothetically possible”. contamination, regulatory intervention is held in reserve for land that meets the legal definition and cannot be The overarching objectives of the Government’s policy dealt with through any other means, including through on contaminated land and the Part 2A regime are: planning. Land is only considered to be “contaminated land” in the legal sense if it poses an unacceptable risk. “(a) To identify and remove unacceptable risks to human health and the environment. UK legislation on contaminated land is principally (a) To seek to ensure that contaminated land is contained in Part 2A of the Environmental Protection made suitable for its current use. Act, 1990 (which was inserted into the 1990 Act by (b) To ensure that the burdens faced by section 57 of the Environment Act 1995). Part 2A was individuals, companies and society as a whole introduced in England on 1 April 2000 and provides a are proportionate, manageable and risk-based approach to the identification and compatible with the principles of sustainable remediation of land where contamination poses an development”. unacceptable risk to human health or the environment. In 2004 the Model Procedures for the Management of The enforcing authority may need to decide whether Contamination (CLR 11) were published providing and how to act in situations where decisions are not guidance on how the statutory requirements were to be straight forward, and where there is uncertainty. “In so delivery. The approach, concepts and principles for doing, the authority should use its judgement to strike a land contamination management promoted by CLR 11 reasonable balance between: (a) dealing with risks are applied to the determination of planning raised by contaminants in land and the benefits of applications. remediating land to remove or reduce those risks; and (b) the potential impacts of regulatory intervention Other legislative regimes may also provide a means of including financial costs to whoever will pay for dealing with land contamination issues, such as the remediation, health and environmental impacts of regimes for waste, water, environmental permitting, and taking action, property blight, and burdens on affected environmental damage. Further, the law of statutory people”. The authority is required to “take a nuisance may result in contaminants being precautionary approach to the risks raised by unacceptable to third parties whilst not attracting action under Part 2A or other environmental legislation. contamination, whilst avoiding a disproportionate approach given the circumstances of each case”. The aim is “that the regime produces net benefits, taking 2.1 Part 2A account of local circumstances”. The Regulations and Statutory Guidance that accompanied the Act, including the Contaminated Land The guidance recognises that “normal levels of (England) Regulations 2006, has been revised with the contaminants in soils should not be considered to issue of The Contaminated Land (England) cause land to qualify as contaminated land, unless (Amendment) Regulations 2012 (SI 2012/263) and the there is a particular reason to consider otherwise”. Contaminated Land Statutory Guidance for England 2012. Normal levels are quoted as: “a) natural presence of contaminants’ such as Part 2A defines contaminated land as “land which from underlying geology ‘that have not been appears to the Local Authority in whose area it is shown to pose an unacceptable risk to health situated to be in such a condition that, by reason of and the environment substances in, on or under the land that significant b) …low level diffuse pollution, and common harm is being caused, or there is a significant human activity…”
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basis of the current environmental setting, the current Similarly the guidance states that significant pollution of land use, and the circumstances of its proposed new controlled waters is required for land to be considered use The NPPF stipulates that planning policies and contaminated and the “fact that substances are merely decisions should ensure that “the site is suitable for its entering water” or “where discharge from land is not new use taking account of ground conditions and land discernible at a location immediately downstream” does instability, including from natural hazards or former not constitute contaminated land. activities from previous uses and any proposals for mitigation including land remediation or impacts on the To help achieve a more targeted approach to natural environment arising from that remediation”; and identifying and managing contaminated land in relation that “after remediation, as a minimum, land should not to the risk (or possibility) of harm to human health, the be capable of being determined as contaminated land revised Statutory Guidance presented a new four under Part 2A of the Environmental Protection Act category system for considering land under Part 2A, 1990; and adequate site investigation information, ranging from Category 4, where there is no risk that prepared by a competent person, is presented.” land poses a significant possibility of significant harm (SPOSH), or the level of risk is low, to Category 1, The level at which contamination is deemed to be where the risk that land poses a significant possibility of unacceptable, or, gives rise to adverse effects under a significant harm (SPOSH) is unacceptably high. planning context has not been identified but is envisaged to be more precautionary than the level For land that cannot be readily placed into Categories 1 required to detrmine land as contaminated under Part or 4 further assessment is required. If there is a 2A. sufficiently strong case that the risks are of sufficient concern to cause significant harm/pollution or have the In paragraph 121 the developer is required to ensure significant possibility of significant harm/pollution the that land, after development, is not capable of being land is to be placed into Category 2. If the concern is determined as contaminated land under Part 2A of the not met land is considered Category 3. EPA 1990.
The technical guidance clearly states that the currently The principal planning objective is to ensure that any published SGV and GAC’s represent “cautious unacceptable risks to human health, buildings and estimates of level of contaminants in soils” which other property and the natural and historical should be considered “no risk to health or, at most, a environment from the contaminated condition of the minimal risk”. These values do not represent the land are identified so that appropriate action can be boundary between categories 3 and 4 and “should be considered and taken to address those risks. In order considered to be comfortably within Category 4”. to grant a planning permission the Local Planning Authority (LPA) has to be satisfied that there is At the end of 2013 technical guidance in support of sufficient information about the condition of the land, its Defra’s revised Statutory Guidance (SG) was published impacts and the availability of viable remedial options. (CL:AIRE 2013) which provided: NPPF Paragraph 21 states that “planning policies and • A methodology for deriving C4SLs for four generic decisions should also ensure that adequate site land-uses comprising residential, commercial, investigation information, prepared by a competent allotments and public open space; and person, is presented”. Site investigation information is • A demonstration of the methodology, via the further defined in the NPPF Glossary page 56 and that derivation of C4SLs for six substances – arsenic, also states that investigations should be carried out in benzene, benzo(a)pyrene, cadmium, chromium (VI) accordance with established procedures, including and lead. BS10175 (BSI 2011) that in turn links procedure to the requirements of CLR11. 2.2 Planning A key distinction between the Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) and the C4SLs is the level of risk that they The Local Planning Authority (LPA) is responsible for describe. As described by the Environment Agency the control of development, and in doing so it has a (2009a): duty to take account of all material considerations, including contamination. “SGVs are guidelines on the level of long-term human exposure to individual chemicals in soil that, unless Section 11, Paragraph 109 of the National Planning stated otherwise, are tolerable or pose a minimal risk to Policy Framework (NPPF) (DCLG 2012) states the human health.” planning system should contribute to and enhance the natural and local environment by “preventing both new A letter from Lord de Mauley dated 3rd September and existing developments from contributing to or being 2014 provides more explicit direction to local authorities put at unacceptable risk from, or being adversely on the use of the C4SL in a planning context. The letter affected by unacceptable levels of soil, air, water identifies four key points: pollution” and “remediating and mitigating despoiled, 1) that the screening values were developed expressly degraded, derelict, contaminated and unstable land, with the planning regime in mind where appropriate”. Paragraphs 120 and 121 describe 2) their use is recommended in DCLG’s planning the policy considerations the Government expects LPA guidance to have in regard to land affected by contamination 3) soil concentrations below a C4SL limit are when preparing policies for development plans and in considered to be ‘definitely not contaminated’ under taking decisions on applications. Part llA of the 1990 Environmental Protection Act and pose at most a ‘low level of toxicological concern’ and For planning purposes, the NPPF requires that the 4) exceedance of a C4SL screening value does not assessment of risks arising from contamination and mean that land is definitely contaminated, just that remediation requirements should be considered on the further investigation may be warranted.
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2.3 Building Control The PBA methodology provides an estimate of the level of risk, it does not identify a risk level at which the risk The building control department of the local authority or is considered “significant” and/or “unacceptable” as this private sector approved inspectors are responsible for is dependant on the view of the individual / stakeholder. the operation and enforcement of the Building For example; to a risk adverse stakeholder even a risk Regulations (DCLG 2010) to protect the health, safety level of “very low” may be considered unacceptable and welfare of people in and around buildings. and as such this stakeholder may require risk Approved Document C requires the protection of management options to be implemented. buildings and associated land from the effects of contamination, to be applied (non-exclusively) in all changes of use from commercial or industrial premises, 4 Identification of Pollutant Linkages and to residential property. Conceptual Site Model (CSM) For all Tiers the underlying principle to ground condition 3 Approach assessment is the identification of pollutant linkages in CLR 11 recommends a phased or tiered approach to order to evaluate whether the presence of a source of risk assessment with the three tiers being:- contamination could potentially lead to harmful ¾ Tier 1 - preliminary – a qualitative assessment consequences. A pollutant linkage consists of the forming part of a Phase 1 report, following three elements:- ¾ Tier 2 - generic - a quantitative assessment using published criteria to screen site specific ground • A source/hazard – a substance or situation which condition data forming part of a Phase 2 report has the potential to cause harm or pollution; ¾ Tier 3 - detailed – a quantitative assessment involving the generation of site specific • A pathway – a means by which the hazard moves assessment criteria along / generates exposure; and
Each tier of risk assessment comprises the following • A receptor/target – an entity which is vulnerable to four stages:- the potential adverse effects of the hazard.
1. Hazard Identification – identifying potential The Conceptual Site Model identifies the types and contaminant sources on and off site; locations of potential contaminant sources/hazards and 2. Hazard Assessment – assessing the potential for potential receptors and potential unacceptable risks by identifying what pathways migration/transportation pathway(s). The CSM is and receptors could be present, and what pollutant refined as the assessment progresses through the linkages could result (forming the Conceptual Site Tiers. Model (CSM)); 3. Risk Estimation – estimating the magnitude and 4.1 Hazard Identification probability of the possible consequences (what degree of harm might result to a defined receptor A hazard is a substance or situation that has the and how likely); and potential to cause harm. Hazards may be chemical, 4. Risk Evaluation – evaluating whether the risk biological or physical (e.g. explosive gases). needs to be, and can be, managed. At Tier 1 the potential for hazards to be present is A PBA Phase 1 report normally comprises a desk determined from consideration of the previous or study, walkover and Tier 1 risk assessment (the project ongoing activities on or near to the site in accordance specific offer defines the actual scope of work). This is with the criteria presented in the Table 1. the minimum requirement as defined by the NPPF, pp56. At Tier 1 the PBA approach to risk estimation Based on the land use information Potential involves identifying the magnitude of the potential Contaminants of Concern (PCOC) are identified. The consequence (taking into account both the potential PCOC direct the scope of the collection of site specific severity of the hazard and the sensitivity of the data and the analytical testing selected for subsequent receptor) and the magnitude of the likelihood i.e. the Tiers. probability (taking into account the presence of the hazard and the receptor and the integrity of the At Tier 2 the site specific data is screened using pathway). This approach is promoted in current published assessment criteria (refer to PBA document guidance such as R&D 66 (NHBC 2008). entitled Rationale for the Selection of Tier 2 Assessment Criteria). In general, published criteria The PBA approach is that if a pollution linkage is have been developed using highly conservative identified then it represents a potential risk which assumptions and therefore if the screening criterion is requires further consideration and either (1) not exceeded then the PCOC is eliminated as a remediation / direct risk management or (2) further tiers potential Hazard. It should be noted that exceedance of assessment. does not necessarily indicate that a site is contaminated and/or unsuitable for use only that the A PBA preliminary Phase 2 report comprises an PCOC is retained as a potential Hazard. Published intrusive investigation to collect site specific criteria are generated using models based on information, a Tier 2 quantitative generic risk numerous and complex assumptions. Whether or not assessment and a refinement of the CSM using the site these assumptions are appropriate in a site-specific specific data. Depending on the findings further context requires confirmation on a project by project investigation and/or progression to Tier 3 risk basis and would form part of a Tier 3 assessment. assessment and the generation of site specific assessment criteria may be required. When reviewing or assessing site specific data PBA utilise published guidance on comparing contamination
Revision December 2014 Page 3 of 8 PBA Methodology for Assessment of Potentially Contaminated Land data with a critical concentration (CL:AIRE/CIEH 2008) • Tier 1 is a screening step where the site soils which presents a structured process for employing chemical data is compared to a soil screening statistical techniques for data assessment purposes. value (SSV) The benefit of the statistical tool is uncertainty is • Tier 2 uses various tools (including surveys and quantified and decisions are made knowing the biological testing) to gather evidence for any harm strength of the evidence. Correct decision probability is to the ecological receptors a function of sample size, difference in the mean and • Tier 3 seeks to attribute the harm to the chemical the critical concentration, variation in measured values contamination and the significance level. Tier 1 is preceded by a desk study to collate 4.2 Receptor and Pathway Identification information about the site and the nature of the For all Tiers the potential receptors (for both on site and contamination to assess whether pollutant linkages are adjoining land) that will be considered are: feasible. The framework presents ten steps for ecological desk studies and development of a • Human Health – including current and future conceptual site model as follows. occupiers, construction and future maintenance workers, and neighbouring properties/third parties; • 1 1 Establish Regulatory Context Ecological systems; * 2 Collate and Assess Documentary Information • 2 Controlled waters * – including surface water and 3 Summarise Documentary Information groundwater; 4 Identify Potential Contaminants of Concern • Property, Animal or Crop (existing or proposed) - 5 Identify Likely Fate Transport of Contaminants including buildings, service lines and pipes, crops, 6 Identify Potential Receptors of Concern livestock, pets, woodland; and 7 Identify Potential Pathways of Concern • Archaeological sites and ancient monuments. 8 Create a Conceptual Site Model 9 Identify Assessment and Measurement Endpoints 1 * International or nationally designated sites (as defined in the 10 Identify Gaps and Uncertainties statutory guidance (Defra Circular 04/12)) “in the local area” will be identified as potential ecological receptors. A search radius of 1, 2 or 5km will be utilised depending on the site specific The information in a standard PBA Phase 1 report circumstances (see also pathway identification). The covers Steps 1 to 4 inclusive. Step 5 considers fate Environment Agency has published an ecological risk and transport of contaminants and it should be noted assessment framework (EA 2008) which promotes (as opposed that our standard report adopts a simplified approach to statutorily enforces) consideration of additional receptors to considering only transport mechanisms. A simplified include locally protected sites and protected or notable species. approach has also been adopted in respect of Steps 6 These additional potential receptors will only be considered if a and 7 receptors (a detailed review of the ecological Phase 1 habitat survey, undertaken in accordance with attributes has not been undertaken) and pathways (a guidance (JNCC 1993), is commissioned and the data provided food chain assessment has not been undertaken). to PBA. It should be noted that without such a survey the Tier 1 risk assessment may conclude that the identification of Step 9 is outside the scope of our standard Phase 1 potential ecological receptors is inconclusive (refer to PBA report. Specification for Phase 1). It should be noted that the Tier 1 assessment for *2 the definition of “pollution of controlled water” was amended ecological systems (i.e. where designated sites are by the introduction of Section 86 of the Water Act 2003. For identified) as part of a Phase 1 report will assess the the purposes of Part 2A groundwater does not include waters viability of the mode of transport given the site specific above the saturated zone and our assessment does not circumstances not specific pathways. therefore address perched water other than where development causes a pathway to develop. The Tier 1 risk assessment may conclude that the risk If a receptor is taken forward for further assessment it to potential ecological receptors is inconclusive (see will be classified in terms of its sensitivity, the criteria PBA Specification for Phase 1). for which are presented in Table 2. Table 2 has been generated using descriptions of environmental receptor importance/value given in various guidance documents including R&D 66 (NHBC 2008) and Transport Analysis Guidance (based on DETR 2000). Human health and buildings classifications have been generated by PBA using the attribute description for each class.
The exposure pathway and modes of transport that will be considered are presented in Table 3.
4.3 Note regarding Ecological Systems The Environment Agency (EA) has developed an ecological risk assessment framework which aims to provide a structured approach for assessing the risks to ecology from chemical contaminants in soils (EA 2008). In circumstances where contaminants in water represent a potential risk to aquatic ecosystems then risk assessors will need to consider this separately.
The framework consists of a three tiered process:-
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4.4 Note regarding Controlled Waters have been adapted from Table 6.3 presented in C552 and R&D 66 (Annex 4 Table A4.3). Controlled Waters are rivers, estuaries, coastal waters, lakes and groundwaters, but not perched The Tier 1 risk classification is estimated for each waters. pollutant linkage using the matrix given in Table 6 The Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000) aims which is taken directly from C552 (Table 6.5). to protect and enhance the quality of surface Subsequent Tiers refine the CSM through retention or freshwater, groundwaters and dependent eco elimination of potential hazards and pollutant linkages. systems, estuaries and coastal waters. The WFD 6 Risk Evaluation was transposed into UK law in 2003 (Statutory Instruments 2003). Member states must aim to reach In order to put the Tier 1 risk classification into context good chemical and ecological status as defined in the likely actions are described in Table 7 which is the Directive by 2015. taken directly from C552 (Table 6.6). Subsequent Tiers identify potential risk management options through The Ground Water Daughter Directive (GWDD) was remediation and/or mitigation measures. enacted by the Groundwater Regulations (2009), which were subsumed by the Environmental Unless the initial assessment clearly demonstrates that Permitting Regulations (2010) which provide the risk from contamination can be satisfactorily essential clarification including on the four objectives reduced to an acceptable level, further site specifically for groundwater quality in the WFD:- investigations and risk assessment will be needed • Achieve ‘Good’ groundwater chemical status before the application can be determined. by 2015, commonly referred to as ‘status 7 References objective’; BSI 2007 BS 8485 Code of Practice for • Achieve Drinking Water Protected Area characterisation and remediation from ground gas in Objectives; affected developments. BSI 2011 BS 10175 (2011) Code of practice - • Implement measures to reverse any Investigation of potentially contaminated sites significant and sustained upward trend in CIRIA 2001: Contaminated land risk assessment – a groundwater quality, referred to as ‘trend guide to good practice C552. objective’; and CIRIA 2008: Assessing risks posed by hazardous • Prevent or limit the inputs of pollutants into ground gases to buildings C655 groundwater, commonly referred to as ‘prevent CL:AIRE/EIH 2008 Guidance on Company Soil or limit’ objectives Contamination Data with a Critical Concentration. The Water Act 2003 (Commencement No.11) Order Published by Contaminated Land: Applications in Real 2012 amends the test for 'contaminated land' which Environments (CL:AIRE) relates to water pollution so that pollution of CL:AIRE 2013 SP1010 – Development of Category 4 controlled waters must now be "significant" to meet Screening Levels for Assessment of Land Affected by the definition of contaminated land. Contamination. Final Project Report published by Contaminated Land: Applications in Real Environments River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) have been (CL:AIRE) 20th December 2013 developed for the 11 River Basin Districts in England DCLG 2010 Building Regulations 2010 Approved and Wales. These were released by Defra in 2009 Document C Site preparation and resistance to (Defra 2009). contaminants and moisture. DCLG 2012 National Planning Policy Framework. These RBMP’s establish the current status of waters within the catchments of the respective Districts and DETR 2000 Methodology for Multi Modal Studies. the current status of adjoining waters identified. As part Volume 2 Section 4. The Environmental Objective. of a Tier 2 risk assessment water quality data is Defra Circular 01/2006 screened against the WFD assessment criteria. Defra Circular 04/2012 Environmental Protection Act Compare to the RBMP’s current status of waters for the 1990: Part 2A. Contaminated Land Statutory Guidance. catchment under consideration would form part of a Tier 3 assessment. DEFRA, 2006 The Contaminated Land (England) Regulations 2006. 5 Risk Estimation DEFRA, 2012 The Contaminated Land (England) Risk estimation classifies what degree of harm might (Amendment) Regulations 2012 (SI2012/263). result to a receptor (defined as consequence) and how DEFRA, 2012 Environmental Protection Act 1990: Part likely it is that such harm might arise (probability). 2A. Contaminated Land Statuary Guidance. April 2012. At Tier 1 the consequence classification is generated DEFRA, 2013 Environmental Damage (Prevention and by multiplying the hazard classification score and the Remediation) Regulations 2009: Guidance for England receptor sensitivity score. This approach follows that and Wales presented in the republished R&D 66 (NHBC 2008). Defra ‘2009 Water for Life and Livelihoods. River The criteria for classifying probability are set out in Basin Management Plan. (11 Districts: Anglia, Dee, Table 4 and have been taken directly from Table 6.4 Humber, Northumbria, Northwest, Severn, Solway and CIRIA C552 (CIRIA 2001). Probability considers the Tweed, Southeast, Thames, Western Wales) integrity of the exposure pathway. December 2009 EA 2004: The Model Procedures for the Management The consequence classifications detailed in Table 5 of Land Contamination CRL 11 published by the Environment Agency (EA).
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EA 2008 Ecological Risk Assessment Science Report contamination. Series SC070009 published by the Environment Statutory Instrument 2003 No. 3242 Water Resources, Agency (EA). England and Wales. The Water Environment (Water European Community 2000 Water Framework Directive Framework Directive) Regulations 2003. (2000/60/EC) JNCC 1993 Handbook for Phase 1 Habitat Survey – A Technical for Environmental Audit prepared by the Joint Nature Conservancy Council (JNCC) NHBC/EA/CIEH 2008: R&D Publication 66 Guidance for the safe development of housing on land affected by
Table 1: Criteria for Classifying Hazards / Potential for Generating Contamination Classification/Score Potential for generating contamination/gas based on land use Very Low Land Use: greenfield Contamination: None. 1 Gas generation potential : Inert Made Ground Low Land Use: residential, retail or office use, recent small scale industrial. Contamination: None or locally slightly elevated concentrations. 2 Gas generation potential : Shallow thickness of Alluvium Moderate Land Use: railway yards, collieries, scrap yards, light industry, engineering works. Contamination: Locally elevated concentrations. 3 Gas generation potential : Dock silt and substantial thickness of organic alluvium/peat High Land Use: gas works, chemical works, heavy industry, non-hazardous landfills. Contamination: Possible widespread elevated concentrations. 4 Gas generation potential : Shallow mine workings Pre 1960’s landfill Very High Land Use: hazardous waste landfills. Contamination: Likely widespread elevated concentrations. 5 Gas generation potential : Domestic landfill post 1960 “Greenfield” is land which has not been developed including not used for crop production or animal husbandry and no contamination source therefore no pollutant linkages.
Table 2: Criteria for Classifying Receptor Sensitivity/Value Classification/Score Definition Very Low Receptor of limited importance Groundwater: Non aquifer 1 Surface water: GQA Grade F Ecology: No local designation Buildings: Replaceable Human health: Unoccupied/limited access Low Receptor of local or county importance with potential for replacement Groundwater: Secondary aquifer 2 Surface water: GQA Grade D/E Ecology: local habitat resources Buildings: Local value Human health: Minimum score 4 where human health identified as potential receptor Moderate Receptor of local or county importance with potential for replacement Groundwater: Principal aquifer 3 Surface water: GQA Grade B/C Ecology: County wildlife sites, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Buildings: Area of Historic Character Human health: Minimum score 4 where human health identified as potential receptor High Receptor of county or regional importance with limited potential for replacement Groundwater: Source Protection Zone 2 4 Surface water: GQA Grade A Ecology: SSSI, National or Marine Nature Reserve (NNR or MNR) Buildings: Conservation Area Human health: Minimum score 4 where human health identified as potential receptor Very High Receptor of national or international importance Groundwater: Source Protection Zone 1 5 Surface water: GQA Grade A Ecology: Special Areas of Conservation (SAC and candidates), Special Protection Areas (SPA and potentials) or wetlands of international importance (RAMSAR) Buildings: World Heritage site Human health: Residential, open spaces and uses where children are present
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Table 3: Exposure Pathway and Modes of Transport Receptor Pathway Mode of transport Human health Ingestion Fruit or vegetable leaf or roots Contaminated water Soil/dust indoors Soil/dust outdoors Inhalation Particles (dust / soil) – outdoor Particles (dust / soil) - indoor Vapours – outdoor - migration via natural or anthropogenic pathways Vapours - indoor - migration via natural or anthropogenic pathways Dermal absorption Direct contact with soil Direct contact with waters (swimming / showering) Irradiation Groundwater Leaching Gravity / permeation Migration Natural – groundwater as pathway Anthropogenic (e.g. boreholes, culverts, pipelines etc.) Surface Water Direct Runoff or discharges from pipes Indirect Recharge from groundwater Indirect Deposition of wind blown dust Buildings Direct contact Sulphate attack on concrete, hydrocarbon corrosion of plastics Gas ingress Migration via natural or anthropogenic paths Ecological See Notes Runoff/discharge to surface water body systems See Notes Windblown dust See Notes Groundwater migration See Notes At point of contaminant source Animal and crop Direct Wind blown or flood deposited particles / dust / sediments Indirect Plants via root up take or irrigation. Animals through watering Inhalation By livestock / fish - gas / vapour / particulates / dust Ingestion Consumption of vegetation / water / soil by animals
Table 4: Classification of Probability Classification Definition High likelihood There is a pollution linkage and an event either appears very likely in the short-term and almost inevitable over the long-term, or there is already evidence at the receptor of harm / pollution. Likely There is a pollution linkage and all the elements are present and in the right place, which means that it is probable that an event will occur. Circumstances are such that an event is not inevitable, but possible in the short-term and likely over the long-term. Low likelihood There is a pollution linkage and circumstances are possible under which an event could occur. However, it is by no means certain that even over a longer period such event would take place, and is less likely in the shorter-term. Unlikely There is a pollution linkage but circumstances are such that it is improbable that an event would occur even in the very long-term.
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Table 5: Classification of Consequence (score = magnitude of hazard Table 1 and sensitivity of receptor Table 2) Classification / Score Examples Severe Human health effect - exposure likely to result in “significant harm”. Significant harm to humans is defined in circular 01/2006 as death, disease, serious injury, genetic mutation, birth defects or impairment of reproductive function. Controlled water effect - short-term risk of pollution (note: Water Resources Act contains no scope for 20-25 considering significance of pollution) of sensitive water resource. Equivalent to EA Category 1 incident (persistent and/or extensive effects on water quality leading to closure of potable abstraction point or loss of amenity, agriculture or commercial value. Major fish kill. Ecological effect - short-term exposure likely to result in a substantial adverse effect. Catastrophic damage to crops, buildings or property Medium Human health effect - exposure could result in “significant harm”. Significant harm to humans is defined in circular 01/2006 as death, disease, serious injury, genetic mutation, birth defects or impairment of reproductive function. 13-19 Controlled water effect - equivalent to EA Category 2 incident requiring notification of abstractor Ecological effect - short-term exposure may result in a substantial adverse effect. Damage to crops, buildings or property Mild Human health effect - exposure may result in “significant harm”. Significant harm to humans is defined in circular 01/2006 as death, disease, serious injury, genetic mutation, birth defects or impairment of reproductive function. 6-12 Controlled water effect - equivalent to EA Category 3 incident (short lived and/or minimal effects on water quality). Ecological effect - unlikely to result in a substantial adverse effect. Minor damage to crops, buildings or property. Damage to building rendering it unsafe to occupy (for example foundation damage resulting in instability). Minor No measurable effect on humans. Protective equipment is not required during site works. Equivalent to insubstantial pollution incident with no observed effect on water quality or ecosystems. 1-5 Repairable effects to crops, buildings or property. The loss of plants in a landscaping scheme. Discolouration of concrete.
Table 6: Classification of Risk (Combination of Consequence Table 5 and Probability Table 4) Consequence Probability Severe Medium Mild Minor High likelihood Very high High Moderate Low Likely High Moderate Moderate/low Low Low likelihood Moderate Moderate/low Low Very low Unlikely Moderate/low Low Very low Very low
Table 7: Description of Risks and Likely Action Required Risk Classification Description Very high risk There is a high probability that severe harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard, OR, there is evidence that severe harm to a designated receptor is currently happening. This risk, if realised, is likely to result in a substantial liability. Urgent investigation (if not undertaken already) and remediation is likely to be required in the short term. High risk Harm is likely to arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard. Realisation of the risk is likely to present a substantial liability. Urgent investigation (if not undertaken already) is required and remedial works may be necessary in the short-term and are likely over the longer-term. Moderate risk It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard. However, it is either relatively unlikely that any such harm would be severe, or if any harm were to occur it is more likely that the harm would be relatively mild. Investigation (if not already undertaken) is normally required to clarify the risk and to determine the potential liability. Some remedial works may be required in the longer-term. Low risk It is possible that harm could arise to a designated receptor from an identified hazard, but it is likely that this harm, if realised, would at worst normally be mild. Very low risk There is a low possibility that harm could arise to a receptor. In the event of such harm being realised it is not likely to be severe.
Revision December 2014 Page 8 of 8 Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
Appendix 2 - Site Photographs (July 2015)
J:\34296 Land at Dinting Road, Dinting\Word\Reports\Geo\Ground Conditions Desk Study (final).docx
Photograph 1 – View west across the site.
Photograph 2 – View north-east across the site. Off site embankment adjacent to NE in background. Client Date July 2015 A4 Scale - Drawn LT Land at Dinting Road, Dinting Nichols 3N Limited Checked LT Site Photographs Figure
11 Prospect Court, Courteenhall Road, Blisworth, Northampton, NN7 3DG App 2 Tel 01604 878300 Fax 01604 878333 j:\34296 land at dinting road, dinting\word\reports\geo\photos.doc
Photograph 3 – View south across the site.
Photograph 4 – Looking west. Concrete, brick and macadam cobbles protruding through the car park surface. Client Date July 2015 A4 Scale - Drawn LT Land at Dinting Road, Dinting Nichols 3N Limited Checked LT Site Photographs Figure
11 Prospect Court, Courteenhall Road, Blisworth, Northampton, NN7 3DG App 2 Tel 01604 878300 Fax 01604 878333 j:\34296 land at dinting road, dinting\word\reports\geo\photos.doc
Photograph 5 – View south-east along footpath adjacent to western side of the site. Steep filled slope on left.
Photograph 6 – View north-west along western side of car park showing steep filled slope running down to the public footpath. Client Date July 2015 A4 Scale - Drawn LT Land at Dinting Road, Dinting Nichols 3N Limited Checked LT Site Photographs Figure
11 Prospect Court, Courteenhall Road, Blisworth, Northampton, NN7 3DG App 2 Tel 01604 878300 Fax 01604 878333 j:\34296 land at dinting road, dinting\word\reports\geo\photos.doc Ground Conditions Desk Study (Ground Stability & Phase 1 Contaminated Land) Land at Dinting Road, Dinting, Near Glossop, Derbyshire
Appendix 3 - Landmark Envirocheck Report
J:\34296 Land at Dinting Road, Dinting\Word\Reports\Geo\Ground Conditions Desk Study (final).docx
Geology 1:10,000 Maps Legends
Artificial Ground and Landslip Map Lex Code Rock Name Rock Type Min and Max Age Geology 1:10,000 Maps Colour This report contains geological map extracts taken from the BGS Digital Geological map of Great Britain at 1:10,000 scale and is MGR Made Ground (Undivided) Artificial Deposit Holocene - Holocene designed for users carrying out preliminary site assessments who require geological maps for the area around a site. This mapping WGR Worked Ground (Undivided) Void Holocene - Holocene may be more up to date than previously published paper maps.
The various geological layers - artificial and landslip deposits, WMGR Infilled Ground Artificial Deposit Holocene - Holocene superficial geology and solid (bedrock) geology are displayed in separate maps, but superimposed on the final 'Combined Surface SLIP Landslide Deposit Unknown/Unclassifie Quaternary - Geology' map. All map legends feature on this page. d Entry Quaternary Please Note: Not all of the layers have complete nationwide coverage, so availability of data for relevant map sheets is Superficial Geology indicated below. Map Lex Code Rock Name Rock Type Min and Max Age Colour Geology 1:10,000 Maps Coverage Map ID: 2 Map ID: 1 ALV Alluvium Clay, Silty [Unlithified Flandrian - Map Name: SK09NW Map Name: SK09SW Deposits Coding Pleistocene Map Date: 2006 Map Date: 1967 Scheme] Bedrock Geology: Available Bedrock Geology: Available Superficial Geology: Available Superficial Geology: Available TILL Till Diamicton Quaternary - Artificial Geology: Available Artificial Geology: Available Ryazanian Faults: Available Faults: Available Landslip: Available Landslip: Available GFSG Glaciofluvial Sand and Sand and Gravel Quaternary - Rock Segments: Available Rock Segments: Available Gravel Ryazanian RTD2 River Terrace Deposits, 2 Sand and Gravel Quaternary - Ryazanian RTDU River Terrace Deposits Sand and Gravel Quaternary - (Undifferentiated) Ryazanian HEAD Head Diamicton Quaternary - Ryazanian
Bedrock and Faults Geology 1:10,000 Maps - Slice A
Map Lex Code Rock Name Rock Type Min and Max Age Colour
ROSSE Rossendale Formation Mudstone and Yeadonian - Siltstone Yeadonian RR Rough Rock Sandstone Yeadonian - Yeadonian HDW Huddersfield White Rock Sandstone Marsdenian - Marsdenian MARSD Marsden Formation Mudstone and Marsdenian - Siltstone Marsdenian MARSD Marsden Formation Sandstone Marsdenian - Marsdenian FLB FLETCHER BANK GRIT Sandstone Marsdenian - Marsdenian Order Details HEBD Hebden Formation Mudstone and Kinderscoutian - Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Siltstone Kinderscoutian Customer Ref: 34296 National Grid Reference: 401980, 394800 UK Upper Kinderscout Grit Sandstone Kinderscoutian - Kinderscoutian Slice: A Site Area (Ha): 0.6 LK Lower Kinderscout Grit Sandstone Kinderscoutian - Search Buffer (m): 250 Kinderscoutian Fault Site Details Site at, Dinting Road, Dinting Vale, Derbyshire Rock
Tel: 0844 844 9952 Fax: 0844 844 9951 Web: www.envirocheck.co.uk
A Landmark Information Group Service v47.0 01-Jul-2015 Page 1 of 5 Artificial Ground and Landslip Artificial ground is a term used by BGS for those areas where the ground surface has been significantly modified by human activity. Information about previously developed ground is especially important, as it is often associated with potentially contaminated material, unpredictable engineering conditions and unstable ground.
Artificial ground includes:
- Made ground - man-made deposits such as embankments and spoil heaps on the natural ground surface. - Worked ground - areas where the ground has been cut away such as quarries and road cuttings. - Infilled ground - areas where the ground has been cut away then wholly or partially backfilled. - Landscaped ground - areas where the surface has been reshaped. - Disturbed ground - areas of ill-defined shallow or near surface mineral workings where it is impracticable to map made and worked ground separately.
Mass movement (landslip) deposits on BGS geological maps are primarily superficial deposits that have moved down slope under gravity to form landslips. These affect bedrock, other superficial deposits and artificial ground. The dataset also includes foundered strata, where the ground has collapsed due to subsidence.
Artificial Ground and Landslip Map - Slice A
Order Details Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Customer Ref: 34296 National Grid Reference: 401980, 394800 Slice: A Site Area (Ha): 0.6 Search Buffer (m): 250 Site Details Site at, Dinting Road, Dinting Vale, Derbyshire
Tel: 0844 844 9952 Fax: 0844 844 9951 Web: www.envirocheck.co.uk
A Landmark Information Group Service v47.0 01-Jul-2015 Page 2 of 5 Superficial Geology BGS 1:10,000 Superficial Deposits are the youngest geological deposits formed during the most recent period of geological time, which extends back about 1.8 million years from the present.
They rest on older deposits or rocks referred to as Bedrock. This dataset contains Superficial deposits that are of natural origin and 'in place'. Other superficial strata may be held in the Mass Movement dataset where they have been moved, or in the Artificial Ground dataset where they are of man-made origin.
Most of these Superficial deposits are unconsolidated sediments such as gravel, sand, silt and clay, and onshore they form relatively thin, often discontinuous patches or larger spreads.
Superficial Geology Map - Slice A
Order Details Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Customer Ref: 34296 National Grid Reference: 401980, 394800 Slice: A Site Area (Ha): 0.6 Search Buffer (m): 250 Site Details Site at, Dinting Road, Dinting Vale, Derbyshire
Tel: 0844 844 9952 Fax: 0844 844 9951 Web: www.envirocheck.co.uk
A Landmark Information Group Service v47.0 01-Jul-2015 Page 3 of 5 Bedrock and Faults Bedrock geology is a term used for the main mass of rocks forming the Earth and are present everywhere, whether exposed at the surface in outcrops or concealed beneath superficial deposits or water.
The bedrock has formed over vast lengths of geological time ranging from ancient and highly altered rocks of the Proterozoic, some 2500 million years ago, or older, up to the relatively young Pliocene, 1.8 million years ago.
The bedrock geology includes many lithologies, often classified into three types based on origin: igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.
The BGS Faults and Rock Segments dataset includes geological faults and thin beds mapped as lines such as coal seams and mineral veins. These are not restricted by age and could relate to features of any of the 1:10,000 geology datasets.
Bedrock and Faults Map - Slice A
Order Details Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Customer Ref: 34296 National Grid Reference: 401980, 394800 Slice: A Site Area (Ha): 0.6 Search Buffer (m): 250 Site Details Site at, Dinting Road, Dinting Vale, Derbyshire
Tel: 0844 844 9952 Fax: 0844 844 9951 Web: www.envirocheck.co.uk
A Landmark Information Group Service v47.0 01-Jul-2015 Page 4 of 5 Combined Surface Geology The Combined Surface Geology map combines all the previous maps into one combined geological overview of your site.
Please consult the legends to the previous maps to interpret the Combined "Surface Geology" map.
Additional Information More information on 1:10,000 Geological mapping and explanations of rock classifications can be found on the BGS website. Using the LEX Codes in this report, further descriptions of rock types can be obtained by interrogating the 'BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units'. This database can be accessed by following the 'Information and Data' link on the BGS website.
Contact British Geological Survey Kingsley Dunham Centre Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG Telephone: 0115 936 3143 Fax: 0115 936 3276 email: [email protected] website: www.bgs.ac.uk
Combined Geology Map - Slice A
Order Details Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Customer Ref: 34296 National Grid Reference: 401980, 394800 Slice: A Site Area (Ha): 0.6 Search Buffer (m): 250 Site Details Site at, Dinting Road, Dinting Vale, Derbyshire
Tel: 0844 844 9952 Fax: 0844 844 9951 Web: www.envirocheck.co.uk
A Landmark Information Group Service v47.0 01-Jul-2015 Page 5 of 5 Envirocheck ® Report: BGS Boreholes Datasheet
Order Details: Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Customer Reference: 34296 National Grid Reference: 401980, 394800 Slice: A Site Area (Ha): 0.6 Borehole Search Buffer (m): 50 Site Details: Site at Dinting Road Dinting Vale Derbyshire
Client Details: Mr D Bissell Brett Consulting Ltd 11 Prospect Court Courteenhall Road Blisworth Northampton NN7 3DG
Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Date: 01-Jul-2015 rpr_ec_datasheet v49.0 A Landmark Information Group Service BGS Boreholes Summary
Page On Site 0 to 50m Data Type Number
BGS Boreholes (50m) None None
Introduction
The Environment Act 1995 has made site sensitivity a key issue, as the legislation pays as much attention to the pathways by which contamination could spread, and to the vulnerable targets of contamination, as it does the potential sources of contamination. For this reason, Landmark's Site Sensitivity maps and Datasheet(s) place great emphasis on statutory data provided by the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency; it also incorporates data from Natural England (and the Scottish and Welsh equivalents) and Local Authorities; and highlights hydrogeological features required by environmental and geotechnical consultants. It does not include any information concerning past uses of land. The datasheet is produced by querying the Landmark database to a distance defined by the client from a site boundary provided by the client.
In the attached datasheet the National Grid References (NGRs) are rounded to the nearest 10m in accordance with Landmark's agreements with a number of Data Suppliers.
Copyright Notice
© Landmark Information Group Limited 2015. The Copyright on the information and data and its format as contained in this Envirocheck® Report ("Report") is the property of Landmark Information Group Limited ("Landmark") and several other Data Providers, including (but not limited to) Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, the Environment Agency and Natural England, and must not be reproduced in whole or in part by photocopying or any other method. The Report is supplied under Landmark's Terms and Conditions accepted by the Customer. A copy of Landmark's Terms and Conditions can be found with the index Map for this report. Additional copies of the Report may be obtained from Landmark, subject to Landmark's charges in force from time to time. The Copyright, design rights and any other intellectual rights shall remain the exclusive property of Landmark and /or other Data providers, whose Copyright material has been included in this Report.
A copy of the BGS Borehole Ordering Form is available to download from the Support section of www.envirocheck.co.uk.
Report Version v49.0
Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Date: 01-Jul-2015 rpr_ec_datasheet v49.0 A Landmark Information Group Service Data Currency and Contact Details
BGS Boreholes Version Update Cycle
BGS Boreholes British Geological Survey - National Geoscience Information Service April 2015 Quarterly
Contact Details Contact Logo
- British Geological Survey - Enquiry Service British Geological Survey, Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG12 5GG Telephone: 0115 936 3143 Fax: 0115 936 3276 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bgs.ac.uk
- Landmark Information Group Limited Imperium, Imperial Way, Reading, Berkshire, RG2 0TD Telephone: 0844 844 9952 Fax: 0844 844 9951 Email: [email protected] Website: www.landmarkinfo.co.uk
Order Number: 69329850_1_1 Date: 01-Jul-2015 rpr_ec_datasheet v49.0 A Landmark Information Group Service Page 1 of 1