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El Diseño De Producto En El Siglo XX

El Diseño De Producto En El Siglo XX

El dis eño de producto en el siglo XX

Un experimento narrativo occidental

Isabel Campi i Valls

A questa tesi doctoral està subjecta a la llicència Reconeixement - NoComercial – SenseObraDerivada 3.0. Espanya de Creative Commons .

Esta tesis doctoral está sujeta a la licencia Reconocimiento - NoComercial – SinObraDerivada 3.0. España de Creative Commons .

Th is doctoral thesis is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial - NoDerivs 3.0. Spain License .

Un experimento narrativo occidental

Investigación para obtener el grado de doctor presentada por: Isabel Campi Valls. Directora: Dra. Anna Calvera Sagué. Tutor: Dr. Carles Ametller Ferretjans.

Programa EES H0907 Estudios Avanzados en Producciones Artísticas. Departament de Disseny i Imatge. Facultat de Belles Arts Sant Jordi. Universitat de Barcelona. Noviembre de 2015. Imágenes y derechos de reproducción: Las imágenes que se muestran en este trabajo de investigación se utilizan como fuentes básicas referenciales, a título estrictamente informativo y en un entorno académico restringido, sin ningún ánimo de lucro. Las imá- genes son propiedad de sus legítimos dueños y, en la versión digital de este trabajo, aparecen enmascaradas para preservarlas de usos indebi- dos. Para su correcta visualización debe consultarse la versión en papel.           

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  3. Robert Wiene: Gabinete del doctor Caligari, 1919; 4. Fritz Lang: Metrópolis, 1926.  =7./%=./=%+7L.%./REG/I7A?7IK%I/E=%I>%*%/?/=+7?/E/GAK%>*71?/??L>/GAIAI.7*L;AI ./E%7I%;/I/?=AIFL/I/6%+8%/P7./?K/=%%>*7P%=/?K/EAIKLG%./=>AP7>7/?KAFL/gA*7/?P/8% /=4LKLGA./=%LG*/>A./G?%+A>AL?=L5%G./KG%?I4AG>%+7C?LKCE7+%gA*7/?=%P/8%+A>A=Lq 5%G./=%>L/GK/./=%+7P7=7T%+7C?j%+7L.%.EA.8%I/G%=>7I>AK7/>EA/R+7K%?K/S%>/?%T%.Aq G%g=7*/G%.AG%LAEG/I7P%g==/?%.//IE/G%?T%A./+A?./?%+7C?jI8=AI/REG/I7A?7IK%II//?+A?q KG%*%?.7P7.7.AI/?KG//=./I/A./PA=P/G%L?%/IE/+7/./E%I%.AEG7>75/?7AA./.%G/=I%=KA 6%+7%L?4LKLGAK/+?A=C57+A.7?'>7+Aj„ ?/=+%>EA./=%%GFL7K/+KLG%g/= REG/I7A?7I>AEA.G8% +A?I7./G%GI/+A>A=%+A?+=LI7C?EA=1>7+%./=L5/?I.IK7=FL/6%*8%KG7L?4%.A/? LGAE%%?K/I ./=%G7>/G% L/GG%L?.7%=j  %+A?IKGL++7C?/REG/I7A?7IK%I/+%G%+K/G7T%*%EAG/=LIA./5/A>/KG8%ISPA=M>/?/IP7A=/?KAIg E=%?K%I7GG/5L=%G/Ig%>/?L.ALIA./==%.G7==AS>%K/G7%=/I./4%+KLG%%GK/I%?%=SgIA*G/KA.AgEAG =AI+G7IK%=/I./+A=AG/IEL/IKAFL//=+G7IK%=I/+A?I7./G%*%L?%4AG>%E/G4/+K%./=%?%KLG%=/T%j %LKAE8%.//IK%%GFL7K/+KLG%+G7IK%=7?%I/./I+G7*7C/?=%+%./?%./+%GK%I==%>%.%.% 3 >%=5% %AA%w%+%./?%./+G7IK%=xSK%>*71?/?=AIK/RKAI./=EA/K%S+A=%*AG%.AG./GL?A%LKg%L= +6//*%GKFL7/?g/?€ˆ€ƒg/I+G7*7C/IK%I4G%I/I/?/=E%*/==C?./=%!/G<*L?./?A=A?7%i  n =+G7IK%=+A=AG/%.A./IKGLS//=A.7AognI7?L?E%=%+7A./+G7IK%==%P7.%/IL?%+%G5%ogn/=+G7IK%= ?AIKG%/L?%?L/P%/G%g=%+A?IKGL++7C?/?=%.G7==A?A6%+/>'IFL/.%@Ajo   AI%GFL7K/+KAI/REG/I7A?7IK%I7>%57?%*%?A*G%I+G7IK%=7?%IS5G%?.7AI%II7KL%.%I/?=%IGA+%IS=%I >A?K%@%IEAGFL/ILG/4/G/?K/?%KLG%=?A/G%?=AI%?7>%=/IS=%IE=%?K/I+A>A/?/=L5/?.IK7=g I7?A=AI/=/>/?KAI>7?/G%=/Ij%%GFL7K/+KLG%/REG/I7A?7IK%EG/K/?.8%I/G=%/REG/I7C?./L?% /RE/G7/?+7%7?K/G7AGL?K%?KAP7I7A?%G7%j G%%?K7+='I7+%S%?K7I7>1KG7+%SILG/4/G/?K/67IKCG7+A 4%PAG7KA/G%/=5CK7+AjAG/==A?A/I/RKG%@AFL/=%A*G%./ %L.8==%>%G%=%%K/?+7C?./=AI%Gq FL7K/+KAI/REG/I7A?7IK%IS4L/G%EL*=7+%.%/?/G=8?j† 

ƒ  g%G7Ai;[.A[gE'5j j „   j   i-%H;=%>.75.>A.AIgw REAI7+7C?./=€ˆqˆq%=ƒq€€qxg L/P%#AGp R67*7K7A?Ip6/q REG/II7A?7IKq7KSqˆ‡ˆjE6Ey+A?IL=K%i‡p†p€ƒzj  g/??7Ii7$%=5="-.A%"AB=%5$H;=%>.75.>4g /AG5/G%T7==/GgL/P%#AG.75.>A="-.A%"AB=%g6%>/I%?.L.IA?gA?.G/Ig€ˆ†‚j

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  5. Bruno Taut: pabellón para la exposición de la Werkbund en Colonia, 1914. 6. Eric Mendelsohn: dibujos para los almacenes Schoken, 1926-1928.

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7. Johanes Steltman: juego de té. Pabellón de Holanda en París,1925. 

8. Michel de Klerk: sillones, 1916-1917. 9. Bruno Taut: juguete de cristal Dandanah, 1919.

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  10. Pavel Janák: dibujo, 1912; 11. Antonín Prochazka: dibujo, 1912-1914.  ?KG/€ˆ S€ˆ€g7+%IIASG%FL/==/P%GA?%+%*A/?%G8IL?%7>EAGK%?K/G/PA=L+7C?/?/= %GK/G/./47?7/?.A/=/IE%+7AE7+KCG7+Aj IK/S%?AI/G/58%EAG=%E/GIE/+K7P%+/?KG%=G/?%+/?K7IK% ?7EAG=%5/A>/KG8%/L+=7.7%?%I7?AFL/I/./I.A*=%*%/?>M=K7E=/IE=%?AIFL/.%*%?=%7>EG/q I7C?./P7I7A?/II7>L=K'?/%I/?/=K7/>EAj =+L*7I>A+A?P/GK8%/=+L%.GA/?L?A*;/KA./7?q P/IK75%+7C?E='IK7+%g/?L?%A*G%./%GK/I/+L=%GFL/?A%IE7G%*%%6%+/G?7?5L?%G/4/G/?+7%%=A I7>*C=7+AA%L?>L?.A/IE7G7KL%=SILE/G7AGj =KG%*%;A./=AI+L*7IK%I4G%?+/I/I/G%>A./G?A /? =% >/.7.% FL/ ILI 7?P/IK75%+7A?/I ILG58%? ./ L? /?+L/?KGA +A? /= %GK/ 7?K/G/I%.A EAG =A 4AG>%=S./IEGAP7IKA./A*;/K7PAI/RKG%q%GK8IK7+AIj/GAK%>*71?/?=%>/.7.%FL/?AEGAEA?8% L?EGAS/+KA./G/4AG>%IA+7%=g/=+L*7I>A4G%?+1IAGKA.ARA?AG/%=7T%*%?7?5M?EGAS/+KAEGAq 5G%>'K7+A./G/?AP%+7C?./=/?KAG?A?7I/7?K/G/I%*%EAG/=.7I/@A./A*;/KAIj  ?6/+A/I=AP%FL7%/=+L*7I>A%.FL7G7Cg/?+%>*7AgL?+%G'+K/G>'I/IE7G7KL%=S6A=8IK7+AI7/?q .AK/AG7T%.AEAGL?5GLEA./%GK7IK%Ig%GFL7K/+KAIS.7I/@%.AG/IFL/gI7*7/??AI/EGAEA?8%? L?%G/PA=L+7C?./+%G'+K/GEA=8K7+AqIA+7%=gI8EAG=A>/?AI./I/%*%?==/P%G%+%*AL?%G/PA=Lq +7C?/IK1K7+%S+L=KLG%=+LSAIA*;/K7PAI/G%?ILE/G%G/=GKALP/%Lg>A./G?7T%G/=5LIKA./=% +=%I/>/.7%g./I>%G+%GI/./=+%G'+K/GEGAKA4L?+7A?%=7IK%./=L5/?.IK7=P7/?1ItE/GIA?%=7T%.A /?=AIM=K7>AI/.747+7AI./KKA!%5?/Gg/?=%IA*G%I./EG/5L/GG%./.A=4AAISAI/4A44q >%??S/?=%I/IK7=7T%.%IEGA.L++7A?/I./=AI!7/?/G!/GA .Q%G. GSg/IK%PA=L?K%..//>%?+7E%GI/./=AI +%>7?AI P7/?/I/I ILG57/G% ./ L? +7/GKA +A>E=/;A ./ 7?4/G7AG7.%.g ./ AG75/? L? K%?KA EGAP7?q +7%?Ag=A+7/GKA/IFL//=+L*7I>A+6/+A?A%IE7G%*%IA=%>/?K/%L?%G/4AG>%4AG>%=./=AIA*q ;/KAII7?AFL/%IE7G%*%%./>'I%FL/1IKAI4L/G%?P/68+L=A./=%7./?K7.%.+6/+%/?+A?KG%EAq I7+7C?%=%7./?K7.%.P7/?/I%A=%7./?K7.%.%=/>%?%i  n%7?LIL%=/RK/?I7C?./=+L*7I>A/?=%IK7/GG%I./A6/>7%.LG%?K//=+AGKAE/G8A.A./€ˆ€€q €ˆ€ƒgEL/.//RE=7+%GI/EAG/=6/+6A./FL/g./?KGA./=>%5?1K7+A+%>EA.//I4L/GTAI6%+7%=%%Lq KA./K/G>7?%+7C??%+7A?%=gE%G%=%G/=%K7P%>/?K/%>E=7%+=%I/>/.7%+6/+%/G%=AFL/6%*8%FL/ 6%+/G/?ILIEGAE7%I+%I%IgIL>A*7=7%G7AgILIA*;/KAI./+AG%K7PAIgILI='>E%G%ISILIG/=A;/IgFL/ ?A/G%?IA=%>/?K/A*;/KAI+A?+%=7.%.%GK8IK7+%gI7?AL?%4AG>%./%GK/FL//G%>A./G?Ag/LGAE/A /75L%=>/?K/+6/+Aj

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 17. : dibujo para el hall de la terminal del Ente Aeronáutico (EA). 18. Enrico Prampolini: butaca para la terminal del EA. Ambos mostrados en la V Trienal de Milán,1933.    =I/5L?.A4LKLG7I>A4L/>L+6A>'I%=='./=%I%GK/IE='IK7+%IgEL/I+A>AG/T%*%/=>%?747/IKA ./=%%"75>A=B"".95I/%IE7G%*%?%.%>'IS?%.%>/?AIFL/%L?EGAS/+KA./KG%?I4AG>%+7C? KAK%=./=/?KAG?Aj%G%+A>EG/?./G+A>AI/>%K/G7%=7T%*%/=7?K/G1I./=AI4LKLG7IK%IEAG=%P7.% +AK7.7%?%SgEAGK%?KAg+L'=/G%/=I/?K7.A./=.7I/@A./7?K/G7AG/IgA*;/KAI./%GK/I%E=7+%.%Ig K7EA5G%48%SEL*=7+7.%.G/IL=K%E%GK7+L=%G>/?K/7?K/G/I%?K//=/R%>/?./.7+6A>%?747/IKAELq *=7+%.A/?>%GTA€ˆ€„g47G>%.AEAG 7%+A>A%==%S AGKL?%KA/E/GAS%EAS%.AEAG ?G7+A G%>EA=7?7jƒ„ ?1=%>*AI%GK7IK%II/EGA+=%>%*%? n%*IKG%+K7IK%I 4LKLG7IK%Io 4AG>L=%?.A L? EGA5G%>%FL/EGAEA?8%L?+%>*7AG%.7+%=./=L?7P/GIAj ?/=K/RKAI/+A?IK%K%*%=%+%E%+7.%. ./=4LKLG7I>AE%G%4LI7A?%G/==7G7I>A./=%E%=%*G%S/=IA?7.A+A?/=.7?%>7I>A./=%I%GK/I E='IK7+%I+A?/=A*;/K7PA./+A?475LG%GL?%/REG/I7C?.7?'>7+%gI7>L=K'?/%S%L.7K7P%./=%nP7q *G%+7C?L?7P/GI%=oj ?/=.A+L>/?KAI/7?IK%*%%G/+A?I7./G%G/?K1G>7?AI4LKLG7IK%IKA.AI=AI /=/>/?KAI./=/?KAG?A>%K/G7%=i  n%G%/==Ag=AI4LKLG7IK%I%==%S/E/GAFL/G/>AIG/%=7T%G/IK%4LI7C?KAK%=E%G%G/+A?IKGL7G/= L?7P/GIA%=/5G'?.A=Ag/I./+7GgG/+G/'?.A=A8?K/5G%>/?K/jAK%G/>AI.//IFL/=/KAS+%G?/=A 7?P7I7*=/g=A7>E%=E%*=/g=A7>EA?./G%*=/g=A7>E/G+/EK7*=/j ?+A?KG%G/>AI/FL7P%=/?K/I%*IKG%+q KAI./KA.%I=%I4AG>%IS./KA.AI=AI/=/>/?KAI./=L?7P/GIAgS./IEL1I=AI+A>*7?%G/>AII7q 5L7/?.A=AI+%EG7+6AI./?L/IKG%7?IE7G%+7C?gE%G%4AG>%GL?AI"751B5A7>;3 >A."7>FL/EA?.G/q >AI/?>AP7>7/?KAjykz =%GK//?+A?I/+L/?+7%./P7/?/G/I/?+7%g?L/PA*;/KAg?L/P%G/%=7q .%.+G/%.%+A?=AI/=/>/?KAI%*IKG%+KAI./=L?7P/GIAj%I>%?AI./=%GK7IK%%>%?K/./=E%I%.A IL4G8%?EAG/=*;/KAE/G.7.Ah?L/IKG%I>%?AII/7>E%+7/?K%*%? E%G%+G/%GL??L/PA*;/KAj AG/==A/=?L/PA*;/KAw+A?;L?KAE='IK7+Ax%E%G/+/>7=%5GAI%>/?K//?KG/=%IPL/IKG%Ijoƒ 

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  12. : boceto para un stand de Campari, 1933; 13. Fortunato Depero: marionetas, 1918.  AI/RE/G7>/?KAI.//E/GA./%E=7+%+7C?./=G/E/GKAG7A4LKLG7IK%%=%>%G+%./=7+AG/I%>E%q G7sE%G%=%FL/.7I/@C%?L?+7AIg+%GK/=/Ig/REAI7KAG/IS*AK/==7?/Ish/=IK%?.K7EA5G'47+AFL/.7q I/@CE%G%=%=7*G/G8%/IK/KK7gG/P/ISL>>7?/==7/?=%/REAI7+7C?./A?T%./€ˆ†gA/==7*GAq >'FL7?%An=7*GA7>*L==A?%KAos/?+L%./G?%.A+A?KAG?7==AI/?/==A>AsFL/.7I/@CE%G%=% /.7KAG7%=7?%>AqT%G7IA?IA=%>/?K/%=5L?AI./=AI/;/>E=AI>'IG/=/P%?K/I./ILEG/A+LE%q +7C?EAG6%+/GG/%=7.%.g/?K1G>7?AIEGA.L+K7PAI>A./G?AIg/=EGA5G%>%./=%%"75>A=B"".95[ ?€ˆ‡/E/GAI/EGAELIA%>E=7%GIL?/5A+7AKG%I=%.'?.AI/%L/P%#AG<.A?./4L?.C=%Ba AB=.>A 7B>%j/KA.AI>A.AIIL7?7+7%K7P%4G%+%ICS%FL/IL7./%./n+A>/G+7%=7T%G%GK/o?A4L/ +A>EG/?.7.%EAG=AIEG%5>'K7+AI+A?IL>7.AG/I%>/G7+%?AI./>A.AFL//?€ˆ‚G/5G/IC% K%=7%jE/I%G./FL//E/GA/G%L?5G%?/?KLI7%IK%./=%EL*=7+7.%.S./FL//?€ˆ‚€/I+G7*7C L?5.+.%>A7$%3=A%;B!3.".A=.7+BAB=.>AI/5LG%>/?K/?A==/5C%+A>EG/?./G=AI+A>E=/;AI 4%+KAG/IFL/7?+7./?/?/=>L?.A./=%EGA.L++7C?S/=+A?IL>A%5G%?/I+%=%j

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  14. : bolsita bordada, 1916; 15. Osvaldo Bot: flora futurista, 1930 (ambas, reproducciónes).  ?/4/+KAg?A./*/E%I%GI/EAG%=KA/=6/+6A./FL//=4LKLG7I>A/G%L?%P%?5L%G.7%FL/G/Iq EA?.8%%L?%7./A=A58%7?/FL8PA+%>/?K/4%I+7IK%j IK//IL?%IE/+KAA>7K7.A/?>L+6AI>%q ?L%=/I./67IKAG7%./=%GK/E/GAFL//RE=7+%*7/?6%IK%FL1EL?KAI/KG%K%*%./L?>AP7>7/?KA ./%>E=7A%=+%?+/+LSAIA*;/K7PAI7*%?>L+6A>'I%=='./L?%G/4AG>%./=%I%GK/IP7IL%=/Ij7? />*%G5Ag/=/IKL.7A67IKCG7+AS=%./I+G7E+7C?./=%IG/=%+7A?/I/?KG/4LKLG7I>AS4%I+7I>A?A EL/./?6%+/GI/%E%GK7G./P7I7A?/II7>E=7IK%IEAGFL/?AKA.AI=AI4LKLG7IK%II/7>E=7+%GA?EAG 75L%=+A?/=G157>/?./LIIA=7?7r./6/+6A>LSEA+AI==/5%GA?%K/?/G+%G5AI/?IL5A*7/G?Ar FL7/?gEAG=A./>'Ig?L?+%/=/PC.7+6A>AP7>7/?KA=%+%K/5AG8%./%GK/A47+7%=j ?/=4A?.A/==A 4L/L?%nIL/GK/oE%G%/=4LKLG7I>AFL/.//IK/>A.A?AE%IC%=%67IKAG7%+A>A7?IKGL>/?KA./ =AIEA=8K7+AIFL/==/P%GA?%K%=7%%=%/5L?.% L/GG%L?.7%=j  'I%=='./ILI7./%=/I/IK1K7+AI/=4LKLG7I>AI/P/8%%I8>7I>A+A>AL?I7IK/>%>AG%=g+A>A L?%?L/P%>%?/G%./P7P7Gj/?TA./ /=7+/A*I/GP%FL/g>'IFL/L?%7./A=A58%g/=4LKLG7I>AS /=4%I+7I>A+A>E%GK8%?/I/?+7%=>/?K/L?%%+K7KL.%?K/=%P7.%FL/ EGAP/?8% ./ L? +A>M? S EGA4L?.A./I%IAI7/5ArEI7+A=C57+Ag>AG%=gIA+7%=S+L=KLG%=r+LS%IG%8+/II/6L?.8%?/?=%+G7I7I KG%L>'K7+%./>A./G?7T%+7C?S>%I747+%+7C?FL//RE/G7>/?K%*%A++7./?K/SFL/I//R%+/G*C +A?=%G7>/G% L/GG%L?.7%=jƒˆ LKLG7I>AS4%I+7I>A+A>E%GK8%?L?n?%+7A?%=7I>A>A./G?7Iq K%o*%I%.A/?=%7./%./FL/K%=7%/IK%*%==%>%.%%K/?/GL?5G%?E%E/=/?=%>A./G?7T%+7C?./ A++7./?K/jILP/T%>*AIEAI/8%?L?I/?K7.AKG'57+A./=%/R7IK/?+7%FL/EGAEA?8%=%5L/GG%g=% P7A=/?+7%S/=+AG%;/+A>A>/.7AIE%G%%=+%?T%G.7+6%>A./G?7T%+7C?j„ 

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   16. Gerrit Rietveld: Sillón rojo/ azul, 1918; 17. Mesita auxiliar, 1923; 18. Silla Berlín, 1923.  7/KP/=.4L//=%GK7IK%./=5GLEA/K7;=FL/>'II/7?K/G/ICEAG/=EGA*=/>%./=%+A?475LG%+7C? ?/AE=%IK7+7IK%./=AIA*;/KAI./=%P7.%+AK7.7%?%j € ?€ˆ€†g7?+=LIA%?K/I.//?KG%G/?+A?K%+KA +A?/=5GLEAg/>E/TC%.7I/@%GIL4%>AI%+A=/++7C?./>L/*=/I/RE/G7>/?K%=/Ij L7%.AEAGL? %G.LAEGA+/IA./G/.L++7A?7I>A4AG>%=r/FL7P%=/?K/%=G/.L++7A?7I>A./A?.G7%?%=FL/g+Lq G7AI%>/?K/g ?A +A?A+7C E/GIA?%=>/?K/r S >AK7P%.A EAG L?% G75LGAI% A*;/K7P7.%.g 7/KP/=. %*%?.A?C+L%=FL7/G/IK7=AAG/4/G/?+7%%=%/*%?7IK/G8%KG%.7+7A?%=S+A?IKGLSC%=5L?AI./=AI%Gq K/4%+KAI +/?KG%=/I ./= ?/AE=%IK7+7I>Aj L +A?A+7.A =77$`!3BG% 3%B5>A7%3 w7==C? GA;Ap%TL=x ./ €ˆ€‡g?AEG/K/?./I/GL?%I7/?KA+A?P/?+7A?%=gI7?A>'I*7/?L?%G/4=/R7C?IA*G//=/IE%+7AgL? /;/G+7+7A.//I+L=KLG%?/AE=%IK7+7IK%/?/=FL//=/=/>/?KA>/K%4CG7+A?%KLG%=6%I7.AILIK7KL7.A EAG/=/=/>/?KA>/K%4CG7+A4L?+7A?%=j   %7?4=L/?+7%./=?/AE=%IK7+7I>AI/./;CI/?K7G/?=/>%?7%/?5/?/G%=S/?=%%L6%LI/?E%GK7+Lq =%Gj ‚G.7/?K/./4/?IAG./=%G%+7A?%=7.%.AG./?%.AG%S=%+G/%+7C?%*IKG%+K%g/?€ˆ€g6/AP%? A/I*LG5I/KG%I=%.C%!/7>%G+A?/=A*;/K7PA./A*K/?/GL?%E=%T%./EGA4/IAG/?=%/I+L/=%j ? /IE/G% ./ +A?I/5L7G=% r+AI% FL/ ?L?+% A+LGG7Cr P%? A/I*LG5 7>E%GK8% +=%I/I E%GK7+L=%G/I ./ +A>EAI7+7C??/AE=%IK7+7IK%g+G7K7+%?.A%*7/GK%>/?K/=%AG7/?K%+7C?/REG/I7A?7IK%S/=.7I/@A7?KL7q K7PA./=%%L6%LI%I8+A>A/=+LGIAEG/=7>7?%G7>E%GK7.AEAGA6%?/IKK/?jL?FL/=%%*IKG%++7C? ==/5%G8%%=%/I+L/=%./=%>%?A./=EGA4/IAG6M?5%GA'IT=CA6A=S%5Sg=A+7/GKA/IFL/ %? A/I*LG5+A?KG7*LSC7?.7G/+K%>/?K/%=%G/AG7/?K%+7C?./=%%L6%LI6%+7%>1KA.AI>'IG%+7A?%q =/IS6%+7%=%+G/%+7C?.7I/@AI./+%G'+K/G>%FL7?7IK%j    

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  29. Marcel Breuer: proyecto de sillón, Bauhaus, 1922. 30. Herbert Bayer: proyecto para un quiosco expositor, Bauhaus, 1924.  L%?.A/?€ˆ‚=%/I+L/=%EGA+=%>C=%%=7%?T%/?KG/%GK/SK1+?7+%g/=EG/+7IAgA*;/K7PAS%*IKG%+KAS /IK7=A./%A.13I7GP7C/?*%?./;%/=%*%?.A?A./=/REG/I7A?7I>AFL/6%*8%+A?IK7KL7.A/=7./%G7A 4L?.%+7A?%=./=+/?KGAj/+A?IK%K%FL/=AIEG7>/GAI.7I/@AI./%G+/=G/L/GK/?8%?+=%G%IG/IAq ?%?+7%I./=AI>L/*=/I./7/KP/=.S=AI.7*L;AI%RA?A>1KG7+AI.//G*/GK%S/GE7?K%.AI+A?+A=Aq G/IEG7>%G7AI/?/=K%==/G./EL*=7+7.%.K/?8%?ILG/4/G/?K//?=AI./ %? IK//G/?SP%?A/I*LG5j  ?=%>/.7.%FL//=5GLEA%A.13?AFL/G8%=7>7K%GI/%I/GL?>AP7>7/?KA%GK8IK7+AI7?AFL/%IE7q G%*%K%>*71?%G/AG5%?7T%G=%P7.%IA+7%=S+L=KLG%=I/I7?K7C>LS%KG%8.AEAG/=IA+7%=7I>AS=%7./Aq =A58%./=%/PA=L+7C?LI%j/5M? /G%GI/>g/?>L+6AI/I+G7KAIS.A+L>/?KAI./=5GLEAI/ EA?8%./>%?747/IKA=%7./%./FL//=7?.7P7.L%=7I>A/G%L?%%+K7KL../=E%I%.AFL/IA=%>/?K/EAq .8%5/?/G%GL?%GK/./+%./?K/S./FL/=%IA+7/.%.*LG5L/I%S/=I7IK/>%+%E7K%=7IK%6%*8%?==/5%.A %IL47?j ƒ/6/+6Ag./IEL1I./=%G7>/G% L/GG%L?.7%=g/?/=I/?A./=E%GK7.A+A>L?7IK%6Aq =%?.1IKLPA=L5%GL?/?+/?.7.A./*%K/IA*G/=%AG7/?K%+7C?EA=8K7+%./=%GK//?/=4LKLGAS.7P/GIAI >7/>*GAI./%A.13I/+A?I7./G%*%?%*7/GK%>/?K/+A>L?7IK%Ij/KA.AI>A.AI/?/=I/?A./= 5GLEA6%*8%.7I+G/E%?+7%I/?G/=%+7C?+A?=%+L/IK7C?./ILAG7/?K%+7C?EA=8K7+%j7/?KG%IFL/jj jL.S?KA?SA<+A?I7./G%*%?FL/%.AEK%GL?7./%G7AEA=8K7+A./K/G>7?%.AEA.8%./I/>*A+%G /?%+K7KL./I%LKAG7K%G7%IS=7>7K%.AG%I./=/;/G+7+7A./=%GK/gAKGAIg+A>AA*/GKP%?mKA44g/G%?4%q PAG%*=/I%=%EA=7K7T%+7C?./%A.13/?=%>/.7.%FL/+A?I7./G%*%?FL//=%GK/?A475LG%K7PA/G%=% /REG/I7C?5/?L7?%./=%G/PA=L+7C?EGA=/K%G7%j  I8g?A/I.//RKG%@%GFL//=5GLEA6A=%?.1I./I/%G%/IK%*=/+/G+A?K%+KAI+A?=%P%?5L%G.7%GLI%j 7?/>*%G5A1IKAI/G%?>LSEGA*=/>'K7+AIS%FL/g./I./€ˆ€ˆgK%?KA=AI5A*7/G?AI/LGAE/AI+Aq >A/=./=AI%8I/I%;AIEG'+K7+%>/?K/6%*8%?EGA67*7.A/=+AGG/AEAIK%=+A?=%?7C?AP71K7+%j  7?%=>/?K/=AI+A?K%+KAI/?KG/%A.13S=AI%GK7IK%IEGAIAP71K7+AIKLP7/GA?=L5%G/?=/>%?7%j ? /G=8?+A?A+7/GA?=%E7?KLG%%*IKG%+K%./%=/P7K+6Sg.LG%?K/IL/IK%?+7%/?!/7>%Gg %?A/Iq *LG5/?K%*=C%>7IK%.+A?%=5L?AI%GK7IK%I%.6/G7.AI%=%+%LI%./=%G/PA=L+7C?+A>L?7IK%g+A>A/= 6M?5%GA'IT=CA6A=S%5Sg/=%GK7IK%GLIA =7II7KT'?%?I7+6K/G+A?FL7/q

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  19. Kazimir Malevich: juego de té, Fábrica Estatal de Porcelana, mediados años veinte. 20. Nicolai Suetin: escribanía, Fabrica Estatal de Porcelana, mediados años veinte.  =+%*A./L?%@Ag%=/P7+6%++/.7C%=%.7G/++7C?./=+/?KGA/?ILIK7KL+7C?./%G+6%5%==S 4L?.C+A?7II7KT2B>>AFX w47G>%.AG/I./=?L/PA%GK/xg+Lq SAA*;/K7PA/G%%E=7+%G/=LEG/>%K7I>A%KA.%I=%IG%>%I./=%+G/%+7C?S/?KA.AI=AIIAEAGq K/IEAI7*=/I+A?/=47?./7?K/GP/?7G/?=AI+%>*7AIIA+7%=/IjAI%GK7IK%IILEG/>%K7IK%I.7I/@%q GA?E%E/=/IE7?K%.AIg/IK%>E%.AIgP%;7==%Ig+%GK/=/IS=7*GAIS/= KG%*%;C/?=%AG5%?7q T%+7C?=AI4/IK7P%=/I+A?>/>AG%K7PAI./=%/PA=L+7C?.7I/@%?.A%.AG?AIE%G%P%5A?/I./ KG/?gKG7*L?%I./AG%.AG/ISKA.%+=%I/./>%K/G7%=./EGAE%5%?.%E%G%/RK/G7AG/Ij 

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37. Moissei Guinzburg e Ignati Millinis: casa-comuna Narkomfin, Moscú, 1930. 38. Konstantin Melnikov: club de trabajadores Rusakov, 1926.  IK%.7IA=L+7C?./=%P7.%EG7P%.%K%>*71?4L/>LSG%.7+%=/?=%+%I%q+A>L?%=274+.5gEGAq S/+K%.%EAGA7II/7 L7?T*LG5S5?%K77==7?7I/?€ˆ‚jA?K/?8%ƒL?7.%./IG/I7./?+7%=/I./ =%I+L%=/I.AIK/G+/G%IE%GK/I/G%?E/FL/@AI/IKL.7AII7?+A+7?%g./IK7?%.AI%EGA>AP/G=%P7q .%+A>L?7K%G7%gSL?%K/G+/G%E%GK//G%?%E%GK%>/?KAI+A?*%@AS+A+7?%./IK7?%.AI%4%+7=7K%G =%nKG%?I7+7C?o./=%I4%>7=7%I+A?P/?+7A?%=/I6%+7%=%P7.%+A>L?7K%G7%j =/.747+7A.7IEA?8%./ +A>/.AG+A=/+K7PAgI%=%I./=/+KLG%g././EAGK/S./I+%?IAgS=%P%?./G8%j†ˆ L/G%+L%=4L/G%/= /IK%KLIFL/A4G/+8%?=AI?L/PAIEGAS/+KAI./P7P7/?.%g‡/?5/?/G%=I/7?.L+8%%=%P7.%+A>Lq ?7K%G7%>/.7%?K/=%G/.L++7C?./=%ILE/G47+7/./=AI%E%GK%>/?KAIS=%7?IK%=%+7C?+/G+%?%./ +A>/.AG/I+A=/+K7PAIg*7*=7AK/+%ISI%=%I./=/+KLG%g5L%G./G8%Ig=%P%?./G8%Ig/K+j  A>A/=A+7A/G%AKG%%+K7P7.%.FL/./*8%/;/G+/GI/+A=/+K7P%>/?K/g/= A*7/G?AIAP71K7+A ELIA/IE/+7%=1?4%I7I/?=%+A?IKGL++7C?./+=L*I./KG%*%;%.AG/ISnE%=%+7AI./=%+L=KLG%og +A>A/=+=L*./KG%*%;%.AG/IB>27Fg+LS%I4AG>%I%KG/P7.%IS/RE/G7>/?K%=/IKA.%P8%6AS ?AI==%>%?=%%K/?+7C?j  KGA+A?+/EKAFL//=IA+7%=7I>AEG/K/?.8%>A.747+%G/G%/=./>/G+%?+8%j =A*;/KAIA+7%=7IK% ?AEA.8%I/G+A>A/=A*;/KA./+A?IL>A+%E7K%=7IK%FL/gI/5M?/=E/?I%>7/?KA./%GRg*%q I%*%IL%KG%+K7PA/?IL+%G'+K/G./4/K7+6/S/?/=P%=AG./+%>*7Aj%>/G+%?+8%IA+7%=7IK% ./*8%I/GL?%/IE/+7/./n+%>%G%.%o./IK7?%.%%7?K/G%+KL%G+A?=%E/GIA?%S%%+A>E%@%Gq =%%=A=%G5A./ILP7.%jLIP7GKL./I./*/G8%?I/G=%+A?P/GK7*7=7.%.S=%%.%EK%*7=7.%.jAG=A

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  39. : escenografía de La muerte de Tarelkin,1922 . 40. Muebles plegables para obras de teatro (reconstrucción). 

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  57. Karl Ehn: Karl Marx Hof, Viena, 1927-1930; 58. Bruno Richter: Volkswohnhaus, Viena, 1926.  AIEGAS/+KAI./7?K/G7AG/Ig4=/R7*=/IS/RKG%AG.7?%G7%>/?K/*7/?%EGAP/+6%.AIg4L/GA?.7I/q @%.AIEAG?KA?G/??/G%E%GK7G./=%7./%./FL//=6A5%G./=A*G/GA./*/4%+7=7K%G=AIEGAq +/IAI./KG%*%;A+A?=%>7I>%/47+7/?+7%FL/=%4'*G7+%jA./*/GI/GL?%G/EGA.L++7C?%/Iq +%=%G/.L+7.%./=%P7P7/?.%*LG5L/I%g?7L?=L5%G./G/EG/I/?K%+7C?gI7?AL?/IE%+7A./KG%q *%;A/7?K7>7.%.>8?7>AS%FL//=A+7Ag/=./EAGK/g=%I%=L.S=%+L=KLG%./*/?EG%+K7+%GI/+Aq =/+K7P%>/?K/j/5M?A==/Gg/=EGAS/+KAP7/?1I4L/+%IKG%.AEAG=AI*LGC+G%K%Ii=%P%?5L%G.7% G%.7+%=4L/%E%GK%.%./=EGAS/+KAS=AI.7I/@AI./G/??/GIA=A==/5%GA?%G/%=7T%GI//?/= /.747+7A+A>L?%=./=%%L+64%?5'IEGA5G/I7IK%I./ 7/?%g%G5%G/K6/+6NKK/q76AKT%.AIEAG G?IK%S%KG%*%;%G/?/=.7I/@A./=%I+A=A?7%I./ G%?<4LGK FL/6/>AI>/?+7A?%.Aj€ ‡  /I/%IL7?+L/IK7A?%*=//IE8G7KLEGA=/K%G7Ag=AI*=AFL/I./ 7/?%?AG/IEA?./?%L?%/IK1K7q +%./>%I7%.AG%.7+%=jAI/?AG>/I*=AFL/I./E7IAI+A?IKGL7.AI%=G/./.AG./E%K7AI+/GG%q .AI%;%G.7?%.AIrFL/I/P7?7/GA?%n==%>%G4AGK%=/T%IoA*G/G%IrK7/?/?L?%IE/+KA>A./G?A E/GA?A%+LI%.%>/?K/n>A./G?7IK%oSgP7IKAI/?IL+A?;L?KAgK7/?/?L?+7/GKA%GA>%GK 1+Aj ?/==AI/?+A?KG%>AI.7I+G/KAI/=/>/?KAI/REG/I7A?7IK%Ig+A>A/=%+LI%.A+GA>%K7Iq >AS/==%.G7==AA=%E7/.G%I7?./I*%IK%Gh/=/>/?KAI./=+L*7I>A+6/+Ag+A>AP/?K%?%Ig*%=q +A?/ISE7=%IKG%IKG7%?5L=%G/I%I8+A>AILE/G47+7/I4%+/K%.%IS/=/>/?KAI+=%I7+7IK%I7K%=7%?AI +A>A=%;/G%GFL7T%+7C?./PA=M>/?/Ig=AIEAG+6/I+A?%G+%.%IS=%I>A=.LG%Ij

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  59. GATCPAC: Casa Bloc, vista de un patio exterior. 1932-1936. 60. GATCPAC: Casa Bloc, interior del piso 1/11 musealizado en 2014.  /KG%K%*%./L?*=AFL/./FL7?7/?K%IP7P7/?.%I+A?IKGL7.%I/?.ME=/R+A?/=47?./4%+7=7K%G=% P/?K7=%+7C?S%EGAP/+6%G%=>'R7>A=%=LTIA=%GS%FL/g/?=AI%@AIKG/7?K%g/IA/G%L?%/IKG%q K/57% /47+%T ./ EG/P/?+7C? +A?KG% =% KL*/G+L=AI7Ij = EGAS/+KA 4L/ 7>EL=I%.A EAG /= ?IK7KLK +A?KG%=mKLG AG-CIw =7?IK7KLKA+A?KG%/=E%GA4AGTAIAx./=% /?/G%=7K%K./%K%=L?S%E%G% .%G+A*7;A%=%I4%>7=7%I>'IE/G;L.7+%.%IEAG=%+G7I7I./=%P7P7/?.%./G7P%.%./=% G%?/q EG/I7C?j%G%IL.7I/@AI/KLP7/GA?>LS/?+L/?K%K%?KA/==/?5L%;/S=%K/+?A=A58%>A./G?%I ./=%I+A=A?7%I%=/>%?%I+A>A/=/IE8G7KLIA+7%=./=AIn4AGK%=/T%IA*G/G%IoP7/?/I%Ij€†AI +7?+A*=AFL/I+A=A+%.AI/?lmI/.7IELI7/GA?%=G/./.AG./.AIE%K7AI%*7/GKAIg/?4AG>%./ =%$%5AgS+A?%I+/?IAG/I/?=AIP1GK7+/Ij IK%/IKGL+KLG%.%*%E7/%L?%I/G7/./EAG+6/I/?=% E=%?K%*%;%FL/g*%;A1IK%g%=A;%*%?=AII/GP7+7AI+A>L?/Ii*7*=7AK/+%g5L%G./G8%g57>?%I7AIg *%@AIEM*=7+AIgK%==/G/IS%=>%+/?/IgK7/?.%IgE7I+7?%gE%GK/GG/IE%G%;L/5AIg/K+j%+A?IKGL+q +7C?I/67TA+A?L?/?KG%>%.A./+A=L>?%ISP75%I./67/GGA>LS>A./G?AE%G%IL1EA+%j  A>A?A/R7IK8%?>L/*=/I%./+L%.AIE%G%/IK%IP7P7/?.%Ig/= EL*=7+C/?ILG/P7IK% L?%I/G7/./.7*L;AISEGAKAK7EAI./>L/*=/II/?+7==AIgI/G7%*=/IS./KL*AFL/?A==/5%q GA?%4%*G7+%GI/E/GAFL/6%?I/GP7.A./>A./=AE%G%=%>LI/%=7T%+7C?%+KL%=./=E7IA€p€€ EAGE%GK/./=LI/A./=7I/@A./%G+/=A?%j€†€%>/?K%*=/>/?K/g/=EGAS/+KA./=%%I%

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  61 y 62. Camas plegables patentadas por la empresa vienesa Johan Matzecks Wwe, 1930.  AIEGAS/+KAI./P7P7/?.%A*G/G%SILG/.L++7C?%ILE/G47+7/I>8?7>%I7>E=7+%*%?L?%?L/P% 7./%./6A5%Gj =6A5%G./=KG%*%;%.AG./*/G8%I/GK%?4L?+7A?%=+A>A/=K%==/GSg/?1=g=AI A*;/KAIK%?I/G7%.AIS/+A?C>7+AI+A>A=AIFL/I%=8%?./ILI>'FL7?%Ij =>A*7=7%G7AKG%.7q +7A?%=./>%./G%SK%E7+/G8%g+A?%.AG?AIS/=/>/?KAII7>*C=7+AI?AK/?8%=L5%G/?/IK//?q KAG?Aj%*8%FL//RE/G7>/?K%G+A?K7EA=A58%IG%.7+%=>/?K/?L/P%IjAI>L/*=/I./*/G8%? I/G+A>E%+KAIrA+LE%GEA+A/IE%+7ArgP/GI'K7=/IrK/?/G>'I./L?LIArgE=/5%*=/Ig=75/GAIg I/G7%*=/Ig67571?7+AIS/+A?C>7+AISI/GK%?I/G7%.AI+A>AL?%*7+7+=/K%AL?+A+6/j IK%I 7./%II/KG%*%;%GA?/?=AI 6%I./AI+Mg/?=%%L6%LI.LG%?K/=AI%@AI./=%.7G/+q +7C?./%??/I/S/GSK%>*71?/? 7/?%j/GA?AKLP7/GA?=%4AGKL?%+G8K7+%FL/6%K/?7.A /=>L/*=/./KL*Aj 

 21. Muebles modulares de Franz Schuster, Viena, 1925. 22. Josef Pohl: armario plegable para un soltero, Bauhaus, 1930. 

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  23. Giovanni Muzio: Palacio de la Trienale, Milán 1933. 24. Gio Ponti: Alegoría de la arquitectura, 1926. Producción, Richard-Ginori.  =G/>/.7AE%G%/IKAI/R+/IAI./EG7>7K7P7I>AG%+7%=>/?K/IAIE/+6AIAISEA+A+A?P/?7/?K/I E%G%L?E%8IK%?+7P7=7T%.A+A>AK%=7%/G%L?/IK7=A>A./G?A*%I%.A/?L?+=%I7+7I>AELG747+%q .Aj ?/=+%>EA./=%%GFL7K/+KLG%g/=%LKAG>'I./IK%+%.A./=7F%"%5A74L/ 7AP%??7LT7A +A?A+7.A7?K/G?%+7A?%=>/?K/EAG/=EGAS/+KA./=E%=%+7AFL/%=A;%=%G7/??%=/./7='?j?% ./=%I/REG/I7A?/I>'IAG757?%=/I./=A*;/KA?AP/?+/?K7IK%/G%?=%IEAG+/=%?%IFL/ 7AA?K7.7q I/@C.LG%?K/I7/K/%@AIE%G%=%/>EG/I%7+6%G.q 7?AG7SFL/=/P%=7/GA?/= G%?G/>7A./=% H;7>.A.75./%G8I./€ˆ„jA?K7LK7=7T%*%G/E/GKAG7AI./=%?K75N/.%.='I7+%S./=/?%+7q >7/?KAE/GA=AI7?K/GEG/K%*%./L?>A.A7GC?7+Ag/IFL/>%K7T%.ASg%P/+/Ig+%I7ILGG/%=7IK%/Rq KG/>%.%>/?K/AG757?%=j€ˆ€  =7F%"%5A7?A==/5C%I/G/=/IK7=AA47+7%=./=G157>/?./LIIA=7?7E/GA7?.L.%*=/>/?K/5ATC ./IL4%PAGj G%+7%I%ILI/IKG/+6%IG/=%+7A?/I+A?/=B"%X%G4%KK7AG5%?7TC+A?.7?/GAEM*=7+A .7P/GI%I/REAI7+7A?/I?AP/+/?K7IK%I>%G57?%?.A+A?/==A./=7*/G%.%>/?K/%=AI4LKLG7IK%I./ %G7?/KK7%FL7/?/Ig%E/I%G./IL%*7/GK%%.6/I7C?%=4%I+7I>Ag+A?I7./G%*%+A>AL?5GLEA./ /R%=K%.AIE%I%.AI./>A.%jA>AP7>AI%?K/G7AG>/?K/g/IK/+A?KG%K7/>EAK/G>7?%G8%EAG4%q PAG/+/G%=AI4LKLG7IK%IFL7/?/IgEAGL?%T%G./=%67IKAG7%gFL/.%G8%?%?7P/=67IKAG7A5G'47+AI7q KL%.AI./==%.A./=%IP%?5L%G.7%I=/57K7>%.%Ij  =7F%"%5A7+A>A>AP7>7/?KAI/.7IA=P7C6%+7%€ˆ‚ƒS%=5L?AI./ILI>'I+A?IE7+LAI./4/?q IAG/Ig+A>A 7AA?K7g=A%*%?.A?%GA?%.AEK%?.A/=G%+7A?%=7I>AK%?KA/?=%%GFL7K/+KLG%+Aq >A/?KA.AI=AI'>*7KAI./=.7I/@AjL?FL/IL=/?5L%;/?A4AG>%*%E%GK/./=%/IK1K7+%n>Aq ./G?7IK%o S 6AS /? .8% E%G/+/ >LS %?%+GC?7+Ag ?A 6%S .L.% ./ FL/gEAG=A>/?AI/?K%=7%g +A?IK7KLSC/=K/=C?./4A?.A./=G%+7A?%=7I>Aj

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  25 y 70. Giuseppe Terragni: Casa del Fascio, fachada exterior y sala de juntas, Como, 1936.

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  26 y 72. Piero Lingeri y grupo MIAR: fachada e interior de la casa con estructura de hierro, V Triennale, 1933.  %G%=% G7/?%=w€ˆ‚‚xI/G/%=7T%GA?P/7?K7L?%+A?IKGL++7A?/IIA*G//=K/>%./=%P7P7/?.%j%I 4AKA5G%48%I./=%1EA+%KG%?I>7K/?=%7./%./FL/g+A?G/IE/+KA%=5LIKA>A./G?ASg%L?FL/IL 5G%.A./7?.LIKG7%=7T%+7C?FL7T'I?A4L/G%>LS/=/P%.AgK%=7%I//?+A?KG%*%/?E/G4/+K%I7?KA?8%

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79. Prototipo del Mercedes-Benz W125 en una prueba de velocidad, 1937. G7R /= A*7/G?A I/ %EL?K%*% L?% 80. Tres Mercedez-Benz W125 a punto de ser embarcados. P7+KAG7% K1+?7+%j = >A./=A FL/ +Aq I/+6C>'IKGA4/AI4L//=/G+/./I /?T!€„g./?A>7?%.A.3!%=;+%.3w =/+6%./E=%K%xFL/+AGG7C/?KG/€ˆ‚ƒS€ˆ‚†jL+%GGA+/G8% ./%=L>7?7AK/?8%FL/I/GK%?=75/G%FL/I/%+AG.C?AE7?K%G=%g./K%=>A.AFL/+A?ILE/G47=%/q GA.7?'>7+Ag./I?L.AS>/K%=7T%.Ag/=/G+/./I!€„%.AEK%*%=%%E%G7/?+7%./L?KAGE/.Aj€‡ %>*71?I/+A?IKGLSCL?%P/GI7C?/RE/G7>/?K%=./=!€„4LKLG7IK%FL/I/>AIKGC/?/=E%*/==C? %=/>'?H;7>.A.75.5A%=5A.753%$%>=A>%AA%"-5.$5>3F.%47$%=5%./%G8I./€ˆ‚†j  /GAI7/=A=743.5.%5/G%*7/?P/?7.A/?K7/GG%g/?/=%7G/I/EG/IK%*%%EGAS/+KAI4%G%C?7+AIj%q G%./>AIKG%GILILE/G7AG7.%.K/+?A=C57+%g/=5A*7/G?A./7K=/G?AFL7IAFL/.%GI/%KG'I/?=% +%GG/G%7?K/G?%+7A?%=EAG=%+A?IKGL++7C?./.7G757*=/IAT/EE/=7?/I+%.%P/T>'I5G%?./Ij%I >A?L>/?K%=/I%/GA?%P/I+A>E/K8%?/?+A?4AGKS?M>/GA./E%I%;/GAI+A?=%%P7%+7C?+A>/Gq +7%=S%FL/==/P%*%?7?K/5G%.A/?=%E%GK/*%;%./IL+L/GEAL?E7IA+A?/=/5%?K/II%=A?/Ig+Aq >/.AGg+A+7?%g.AG>7KAG7AS*%@AISAKGA>'II/?+7==AE%G%=%KG7EL=%+7C?S=%+%G5%j =EL/?K/ ./>%?.A7*%/?L?%n5C?.A=%oI7KL%.%/?=%E%GK/4GA?K%=j =.7G757*=/I/P7I=L>*G%*%+A>AL? >/.7A./KG%?IEAGK/FL/G/L?8%=%/47+%+7%./=%?%P/5%+7C?EAG/=%7G/+A?/=5=%>ALG./=*Lq

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6%+/G/=?%+7A?%=IA+7%=7I>A./=/IK7=A./=% 81 y 82. El LZ 129 Hindenburg levantando el vuelo L/P% *;/K7P7.%. +L%?.A =/ 7?K/G/I%*%j y una vista interior del salón de pasajeros. 7?A4L/G%EAGILI+G/./?+7%=/I7./A=C57q +%IgEA.G8%>AI+G//GFL//IKAI7?K/G7AG/I4L/GA?.7I/@%.AI/?=%%L6%LIj IK/.7G757*=/K/G>7?C IL%?.%.LG%+A?L?%+%K'IKGA4/i/= ./>%SA./€ˆ‚†I//IKG/==C/?L/P%/GI/Sg+L%?.A=A/Iq E/G%*%?=AI>/.7AI./+A>L?7+%+7C?%=+A?+=L7GILEG7>/GP7%;/KG%?I%K='?K7+AjG%I=AI%++7./?K/I ./=AI.7G757*=/I*G7K'?7+AIg?AGK/%>/G7+%?AIS%=/>%?/Ig/IK/K7EA./%/GA?%P/I4L/GA?G/K7G%.%I ./=%+7G+L=%+7C?I7/?.AILIK7KL7.%IEAG=AI%P7A?/IjE/I%G./IL5=%>LG/G%?./>%I7%.APA=L>7q ?AI%Ig7?>%?/;%*=/I/7?4=%>%*=/Ij

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  83 y 84. Publicidad del Tatra 87 de 1934, y del Lincoln Zephyr de 1936.  ?G/%=7.%.g/?.7P/GIAIE%8I/Ig7?+=LIA/?=/>%?7%gS%I/6%*8%?4%*G7+%.A=AIEG7>/GAI+A+6/I EAEL=%G/I€E/GA=%G/=%+7C?+%=7.%.qEG/+7A./=n+A+6/./=EL/*=Ao%=/>'?./*8%?I/G7?ILE/G%q *=/IjLG%?K/=AI>/I/I./IL/?+7/GGA/?=%4AGK%=/T%./%?.I*/G5g7K=/G6%*8%K/?7.AK7/>EA ./=//G=%I>/>AG7%I.//?GS AG.S/IK%*%+A?P/?+7.A./FL/KA.%I=%I4%>7=7%I%=/>%?%I EA.G8%?K/?/G+A+6/I7I/7?KGA.L+8%?I7IK/>%I./4%*G7+%+7C?%5G%?/I+%=%j ?€ˆ‚‚g+A?K%+KC +A?/=%+G/.7K%.A7?5/?7/GA /G.7?%.AGI+6/FL/==/P%*%S%L?+7/GKAK7/>EAKG%*%;%?.A/?/= .7I/@A./L? 3%.5BA7iL?+A+6/E/FL/@ASEAEL=%G+%E%T./KG%?IEAGK%G+L%KGAE%I%;/GAI% €>p6AG%jL+%GGA+/G8%/PA+%*%=%I=8?/%I%/GA.7?'>7+%IS>A./G?%I./=%KG%g4%*G7+%.A/? 6/+AI=AP%FL7%gA./= AG.7?+A=?$/E6SG €g4%*G7+%.A/? jjAGI+6/+A?I75L7C/=/?+%Gq 5ASKG%*%;C7?+%?I%*=/>/?K//?1=.LG%?K/>'I./+L%KGA%@AIj  =EGA*=/>%/G%FL/=%7?.LIKG7%%=/>%?%?AK/?8%/RE/G7/?+7%/?=%4%*G7+%+7C?%5G%?/I+%=%j A?/=A*;/K7PA./%?%=7T%G=AIM=K7>AI%P%?+/I./=%I+%./?%I./>A?K%;/g/?KG/€ˆ‚ S€ˆ‚† AGI+6/P7I7KC=%I5G%?./I4%+KAG8%I%LKA>AP7=8IK7+%I.//KGA7Kj7/?KG%IK%?KAg=AIA47+7%=/I./ =%EGA*%*%?=AIEGAKAK7EAI./=E/FL/@A%LKA/?=%I>'I.LG%I+A?.7+7A?/ISE/G4/++7A?%*%? IL>/+'?7+%L?%SAKG%P/Tj 7?%=>/?K/g/?P7IK%./FL/?7?5L?%47G>%%=/>%?%I/%?7>%*%% 4%*G7+%G=Ag7K=/G+G/C=%/>EG/I% A=

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  85. Hitler y su equipo estudiando una maqueta del KdF Vagen; 86. Publicidad del KdF Wagen, 1938.

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  87. Salón de la chimenea de la casa de Hitler en Berlín diseñado por P. L. Troost, 1938. 88. Comedor publicado en el libro Das Möbelbuch: Schonheit der Arbeit.ƒ  7?%=>/?K/g/IK%*%=%./+AG%+7C?E%G%=AI=A+%=/IEM*=7+AIS/.747+7AI./G/L?7C?+A?IKGL7.AIEAG =AI?%+7A?%=IA+7%=7IK%IE%G%%=*/G5%G/P/?KAIS+/G/>A?7%I./=E%GK7.AjL?FL//?>L+6%IA+%q I7A?/II/+%8%/?/=%?%+GA?7I>AgI/LK7=7T%*%L?/IK7=AE7?KAG/I+AFL/FL/G8%/PA+%G=%7./%./= K/GGL@AS=%IKG%.7+7A?/IP/G?'+L=%I%=/>%?%ISFL/KA.%P8%I/EL/./P/G/?=%I+/GP/+/G8%IS G/IK%LG%?K/I./=AIE/FL/@AIEL/*=AIS+7L.%./Ij  ?5/?/G%=g/=G157>/??%T7?A7>EA?8%L?M?7+A/IK7=A./.7I/@A7?K/G7AGI7?AFL/G/+A>/?.%*% +%.%L?A./=AIKG/IFL/6/>AI./I+G7KA/?4L?+7C?./=LIAj/G/+6%T%*%=%/IK1K7+%>%FL7?7IK% S+AI>AEA=7K%./=%L/P%*;/K7P7.%.S./=%%L6%LI+A?/=%G5L>/?KA./FL//G%./5/?/G%q .%g;L.8%g+L=KLG%=>/?K/*A=+6/P7IK%S+A?KG%G7%%=%=>%%=/>%?%j7?/>*%G5AgS%6/>AIP7IKA FL/+L%?.A7?K/G/I%*%g+A>A/?/=+%IA./=AI7?K/G7AG/I./=AI.7G757*=/IgI/LK7=7T%*%/=/IK7=A +A?./?%.AI7?./>%I7%.AIG/E%GAIj  ? /= +%>EA ./ =% EGA.L++7C? ./ A*;/KAI .A>1IK7+AIg /= G157>/? ?%+7A?%=IA+7%=7IK% ELIA /? >%G+6%EA=8K7+%I>'IG%.7+%=/IS*%IK%?K/>'I>A./G?%IjLA*;/K7PA/G%K%?KA=%/REAGK%+7C? +A>A/=%.A+KG7?%>7/?KA./=AI+A?IL>7.AG/Ij%G%/==A+A?KC+A?.AI*L/?AI%=7%.AIi=%!/Gq <*L?.SL?IKq7/?IKj

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  89 y 90. Exposición Fort mit dem natinalen Kitsch! organizada por la Werkbund.  ?A./=AIEG7>/GAIS>'I+LG7AIAI/?+%G5AIFL/G/+7*7C=%!/G<*L?.4L/=%AG5%?7T%+7C?/? A=A?7%./=%/REAI7+7C?7=A4.A$%45A.53%5 .A>"-Wwd*%;A/=<7KI+6?%+7A?%=cxjA>AI/P/ /?=%I7>'5/?/II/=/++7A?%.%IEAG/KKIg†=%/REAI7+7C?>AIKG%*%L?%E%GK%>/?KA./+AG%.A +A?>L/*=/I.//IK7=A5L7==/G>7?Ag%K7*AGG%.A./4%="-5$.>.5,?%T7gSAKGA./E%G/./I./I?Lq .%Ig./+AG%.A+A?I/?+7==AI>L/*=/I./>%./G%j IK/M=K7>AI/EGAEA?8%+A>A/;/>E=A./=A FL/./*8%I/G=%n*L/?%+L=KLG%./=%P7.%%=/>%?%oj  %+%>E%@%+A?KG%/=<7KI+6+A7?+7.8%/?>%SA./€ˆ‚‚+A?=%EGA>L=5%+7C?./L?%=/S+A?KG%=% >/G+%?K7=7T%+7C?/R+/I7P%./=AII8>*A=AIS61GA/I./=%G/PA=L+7C??%T7j =4%="-5$.>.5,?%T7 EGA=74/GC+A?=%==/5%.%./=E%GK7.A%+7A?%=IA+7%=7IK%%=EA./GSILI.7G75/?K/I/IK%*%?EG/A+Lq E%.AI+A?=%*%?%=7T%+7C?./ILII8>*A=AIj ?ILA*I/I7C?EAG+A?KGA=%GKA.AI=AI%IE/+KAI./ IL I7>*A=A58% %I8 +A>A /= +A>EAGK%>7/?KA ./ =AI +7L.%.%?AIg /= A*7/G?A K/G>7?C EAG />q EG/?./GL?%+%>E%@%+A?KG%/=<7KI+6/??A>*G/./L?%+L=KLG%>%K/G7%=%=/>%?%>'I.75?%j %%=K/G?%K7P%FL/EGAEA?8%/G%?7>'I?7>/?AIFL/=%>A./G?7.%.6L>7=././=AIEG7>/GAI %@AI./=%!/G<*L?.j IK%>A./G?7.%.G/4AG>7IK%I/G8%=%>7I>%FL/I/EGAEA?.G8%/?=%I7?Iq K%=%+7A?/I./=%AG5%?7T%+7C?/IK%K%=-:5-%.A$%==!%.Aw%*/==/T%/?/=KG%*%;AxjE/I%G./ /IK%%+K7P7.%../+A=%*AG%+7C?+A?/=?L/PAG157>/?g=%!/G<*L?.4L/n=7FL7.%.%o/?€ˆ‚ƒS?A I/PA=P/G8%%+A?IK7KL7G6%IK%./IEL1I./=%5L/GG%j

LAJANA 4+23D$ +23 A>AAKG%I7?IK7KL+7A?/I+L=KLG%=/Ig=%%IA+7%+7C?L?IKq7/?IKwGK/S/GP7+7A/=757AIAx==%>C EGA?KA=%%K/?+7C?./= A*7/G?A?%T7j/KG%K%*%./L?%/?K7.%.4L?.%.%/?€ˆ‡EAG=AIE%IKAq G/IEGAK/IK%?K/II<%G/S/GS AKK6A=.+6?/7./G+LSAA*;/K7PA/G%G/.7I/@%G=AIA*;/KAI./ +L=KA w+'=7+/Ig +L/?+AIg +GL+/Ig E7=%I *%LK7I>%=/Ig +%?./=%*GAIg =7*GAIg K7EA5G%48%g AG?%>/?KAIg /K+x./%+L/G.A+A?=%I>A./G?%I+AGG7/?K/I./=%GK/S/=.7I/@Aj‡L?IKq7/?IK%G5L>/?K%*% FL//=%GK/G/=757AIAS%?AI//?+A?KG%*%AG5'?7+%>/?K/L?7.A%=%+L=KLG%./IL1EA+%g+A>A /?AKGAIK7/>EAIgI7?AFL/I//?+A?KG%*%IL>7.A/?L?%I7KL%+7C?./E%G'=7I7IEAGFL/?A6%+8%

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  91. Kunst-Dienst: Exposición Hausrat und Leben, Amberes, 1939. 92. Exposición Deutscher Warenkunde donde se muestra una clasificación de objetos y materiales, Berlín 1939.

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  101. Ordenador Ramac 305 de IBM, el primero con disco duro de cabeza móvil, 1956. 102. El astronauta Dave Bowman desconectando el disco duro del ordenador HAL 9000, en una escena de la película 2001 una odisea en el espacio de Stanley Kubrik, 1969.

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   103. Papel pintado con una fotografía del hongo atómico; 104. Esquema de la estructura del átomo.

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  105. Satélite soviético Sputnik, 1957; 106. Fotografía del aterrizaje en la luna, 1969.

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 107. Cadillac Eldorado, General Motors, Equipo de diseño dirigido por Harley Earl, 1953.

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110. Exposición The International Style, MoMA, Nueva York, 1932.  975">*'9<05"'0:7)*6"A*>0"5?*"&>0:U*7ltnmU5"*G<9?0'0:7(# 0:#80:)20.:A.#X"6B*?^ A>"A*71"A>*?<">A*?X75"<>06*>"U55"6")"[>=B0A*'A9?69)*>79?U\?*69?A>"&"*GA*7?"6*7^ A*5"9&>")*0*?E"7)*>9/*U*9>&B?0*>UXXXB)U >"7459H)>0./AU 9F*h*?'"I*U "5A*> >9<0B?U9F6"7>9A/*>?U0'/">)*BA>"H"H697) 99)V*75"?*.B7)"U55"6")" ["*GA*7?0:7)*5"">=B0A*'AB>"69)*>7"U\?*69?A>"&"7U*76*79><>9<9>'0:7UB7"?*>0*)* 9&>"?<9><"1?*?X>"7,5.0'"UB?A>0"U"1?*?"39?U?A")9?70)9?UB0I"U?<"8"U >"7'0"U5*^ 6"70"UB*'0"U"<:7U70:79E0,A0'"U/*'9?59E"=B0"U 075"7)0"* A"50"X"A*>'*>"?*''0:7?* )*)0'"&""59?.>"7)*?<>9H*'A9?)*E0E0*7)"?9'0"5Xmsp  ">*'*?*>=B*5"*G<9?0'0:7(# 0:#80:)20.:A.#79>*.0?A>:B7".>"7"-5B*7'0")*E0?0A"7A*? <*>9*550&>9=B*?***?A"&"55"6")9"A*7*>B706<"'A9*79>6* *759?6*)09?<>9-*?097"5*?H"'"),60'9?Xmsq7*?A*50&>9?*)*-071"77")"6$?H7")"6*79? 59? <>07'0<09? -9>6"5*? <9> 59? =B* ?* >*.1" 07A*>7"'097"56*7A* *5 *?A059 69)*>79 *5 'B"5 ?* *=B0<">"&"'9759?.>"7)*?*?A059?/0?A:>0'9?X*.C7 0A'/'9'4H9/7?97U")*6$?)*5">*7B7^ '0"A9A"5"5/0?A9>0'0?69U'B"5=B0*>9&>"=B*>*?<97)0*>""59?A>*??0.B0*7A*?<>07'0<09?<9)1" '97?0)*>">?*)*7A>9)*5*?A059X  b5*, %,(*>"B7<>07'0<09)*?07'*>0)")=B*'97?0?A1"*7'97?0)*>">5"">=B0A*'AB>"'969 B7*?=B*5*A9)*?9<9>A*?X  ["A*'7959.1"'97?A>B'A0E"69)*>7"<9?0&050A"5"'>*"'0:7)*B7"*?<*'0*)*3"B5"=B*U"7A*? )*>*'B&>0>?*U>*?B5A"-"6050">1")*5".*7A*59/"E0?A9<9>5"'"55*X*"759??9^ <9>A*?)*6*A"59)*/9>60.:7">6")9U?B"?<*'A9E0?A9")0?A"7'0"*?*5)*B7"'*59?1")* E*>A0'"5*?H/9>0I97A"5*?Xmsr  msp  U*>*7'*W(# 0:#80:)20.:A.#K@() ):)20VZ0":(#;9#;/2&2"#808:J 0II950^UB*E" 9>4UlttmX msq  U *7>H^B?*55H U/050A97UB*E" 9>4]97)>*?UlttmflJ*)0'0:7WB*E" 9>4UltnmgU msr  U *7>H^B?*55H U/050:59.9)*">1"*>*?"B89IX960?0:7)*">=B0A*'AB>")*595*.09-0'0"5)*<">*3")9>*? H>=B0A*'A9?,'70'9?)*B>'0"U*A"5XUB>'0"UltsoU<$.XppX

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B7=B*79?*6*7'097"&"759?6B*&5*?U>*?B5A"*E0)*7A*=B*5"9&?*?0:7<9>)0?*8">6B*^ &5*?'BH"*?A>B'AB>"_)*AB&99)*6")*>"'B>E")"_-B*>"?0*6<>*E0?A"H79*?ABE0*>">*'B^ &0*>A"<9>>*55*79?70A"<0'*>1"?A0*7*6B'/9=B*E*>'97*?A*<>07'0<09)*?07'*>0)")X  b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mss  ""-0'0:7)*59?)0?*8")9>*?69)*>79?<9>5"?>*A1'B5"?U59?6:)B59?H5"?'9>>*'A"?<>9<9>^ '097*?A0*7*76B'/9=B*E*>'97*?A"79>6"=B*'97E0*>A*B7<>07'0<096"A*6$A0'9*7B7" 5*H)*'96<9?0'0:7H)*>*.B5"'0:7-9>6"5X  b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mst  "7A9*75"*G<9?0'0:7)*59'969*7*550&>9)* 0A'/'9'4H9/7?97?*69?A>"&"7"5.B^ 79?07A*>09>*?)*0*?E"7)*>9/*U*9>&B?0*>H0*>>**"77*>*AU 9F*h*?'"I*U9F6"7 >9A/*>?U9?*-5&*>?U">'*5>*B*>U055H*0'/H"7B/A*7&*>.X"6"H9>1"*7B7*?A059*G^ A>*6")"6*7A*"B?A*>9H'"?0?0*6<>**=B0<")9?'976B*&5*?)*AB&9'>96")9X969/")*^ 69?A>")9">'B?U*7?B-"?*<097*>"U59?6B*&5*?)*AB&9?*<07A"&"7H?*A"<0I"&"7'97"5*^ .>*?'959>*?<*>9)B>"7A*59?"89?A>*07A"U?9&>*A9)9"<">A0>)*?B)0-B?0:779>A*"6*>0'"7"U ?*0696$A0'"H?9-0?A0'")")*5'>969H*5'B*>97"AB>"5Xmtk  0(# 0:#80:)20.:A.#<>*A*7)1"-03">59?<>07'0<09?)*5"">=B0A*'AB>"HU<9>*GA*7?0:7U)*5)0^ ?*8907A*>09>H)*56B*&5*69)*>79U5"*G<9?0'0:7!()0#8:?*<>99)B'0>59?<>9^ )B'A9?)*5"07.*70*>1"H5"A*'7959.1"07)B?A>0"5*7*5A*6<59)*5">A*X"*G<9?0'0:7?*/"&1" 69?A>")9 *7 *5 9 )B>"7A* 5" <>06"E*>" )* ltno H -B* '960?">0")" <9> /050< 9/7?97U =B0*7*?'>0&0:U")*6$?U59?A*GA9?)*5'"A$59.9X?A*?*070'0"&"'97*?'9.0)"?'0A"?)*5"A:7H "7A996$?)*=B079?9&>*5"&*55*I"W 

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_pot_         

[9>&*55*I")*5"?-9>6"?H979=B0*>9)*'0>U'9695"6"H9>1")*5".*7A*?B<97*U5"&*55*^ I")*59??*>*?E0E9?95"?06$.*7*?<07A")"?V<">")*3">59'5">9U6*>*-0*>9"5"?517*"?>*'^ A"?U"59?'1>'B59?H"5"?-9>6"?<5"7"?9?:50)"?/*'/"?'97*5A9>79U5">*.5"H5"*?'B")>"X ?"?79?97U'9699A>"?'9?"?U>*5"A0E"6*7A*&*55"?U*?"?59?97?0*6<>*)*69)9"&?95BA9X 5"A97U).# 2Upl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79)*59?'"<1AB59?)*5<>:59.9)*5'"A$59.9)*!()0#8:/"'1"6*7'0:7*?<*'1-0'""59?)0?*^ 8")9>*?U"59?=B*'97?0)*>"&")*)9?A0<9?W59?A,'70'9?H59?">A1?A0'9?X9?07?A>B6*7A9?)*<>*^ '0?0:7*GA,'70'9?_<0*?)*>*HU<95">0I")9>*?U60'>:6*A>9?U"7*6:6*A>9?U E0?':6*A>9?UA*5*?'9<09?U*A'X_?**=B0<">"&"7*7&*55*I""59?9&3*A9?_'969>*593*?9"?0*7A9?_ )0?*8")9?<9>">A0?A"?Xmtm  7*?A"*G<9?0'0:7"<">*'1"'97A9)"70A0)*I5"A*9>1")*)F">)X)*!B>49?*.C75"'B"5*5-B7^ '097"50?69*?U"7A*A9)9UB7"A*9>1"*?A,A0'"A")9?9&>*-B7'097"50?69?*)*'1"

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_ppk_         

'5">"6*7A*=B*5"&*55*I"*?*5>*?B5A")9*?<97A$7*9)*5"")*'B"'0:7)*5"?-9>6"?"5B?9<>$'^ A0'9Xmtn5.B79?)*59?9&3*A9?)*5/9.">=B*?*<>*?*7A"&"7"5"'97A*6<5"'0:7)*5*?<*'A")9> _E"3055"?U'>0?A"5*>1"?U'B&*>A*>1"?H&"A*>1"?)*'9'07"_*>"7A"760706"50?A"?=B*'"?0?*'97-B7^ )1"7'9759?'97A*7*)9>*?H->"?'9?)*5"&9>"A9>0969?A>")9?*75"60?6"*G<9?0'0:7Xmto97*559 ?*<>*A*7)1")*69?A>">=B*5"&*55*I""?,")9>79*>"?B<*>09>H*=B0<">"&5*"5"&*55*I"-B7'097"5)*59?07?A>B6*7A9?A,'70'9?X  !()0#8:*>"A9A"56*7A*)*B)9>"*7?B'97^ A*70)9 )* 5"? A*9>1"? ?9&>* *5 -B7'097"50?69 H )*5"*?A,A0'")*5"6$=B07"=B**59E060*7A9 9)*>79 /"&1" *5"&9>")9 *7 B>9<" )B>"7A* 59?"89?E*07A*<*>9"/9>"U.>"'0"?"59U"5 *?6*>")9)0?*89)*?B697A"3*H)*?B'"A$59^ .9 ")=B0>1"7 '9/*>*7'0" )0-B7)0,7)9?* *7 *5 7B*E9'97A07*7A*X   *?0*)**G<9?0'097*?=B*69?A>"&"7*5 113. Exposición Useful American Objects Under $10 '">$'A*> )*69'>$A0'9 )*5 )0?*89U '969 9#&;. dirigida por Eliot E. Noyes, MoMA, Nueva York, 1940.  ,#!:9 2& /#8)!0 #9)'0 0"#8 $Z =B* ?* 070'0:*7?**^9'AB&>*)*ltnsX"<>06*^ >"?*5*''0:7-B*/*'/"<9>9/7'7)>*F'B>")9>)*5)*<">A"6*7A9)*">=B0A*'AB>"H)0?*89 07)B?A>0"5)*59X?A"?*G<9?0'097*??*9>."70I"&"7*G<>*?"6*7A*'")""89U*79A989U'97*5 -07)*)">0)*"?07.*709?"?H&">"A"?"59?'97?B60)9>*?=B*?*)0?<971"7"'96<>">59?>*."59? )*"E0)")X7*5'"A$59.9)*ltokU?*)*?A"'"&"5"06<9>A"7'0")*5)0?*89"'B)0*7)9"5'5$?0'9 A>19)*'B"50)")*?W")*'B"'0:7"5B?9U")*'B"'0:7"5"A*'7959.1"H")*'B"'0:7"56"A*>0"5Xmtp  7*560?69"89)*ltns?*69?A>:5"*G<9?0'0:7;(;9JV^V^NV^W]*7'BH"9>."70I"'0:7 -B*>976BH"'A0E9?*5-B7)")9>H<>06*>)0>*'A9>)*5""B/"B?U"5A*> >9<0B?UH*5<>9-*?9> *>&*>A"H*>U=B0*7)0?*8:*5697A"3*H*5'"A$59.9X?A"*G<9?0'0:7/"?0)9'>0A0'")"<9>=B* ?95"6*7A*)"&""'979'*>59?"89?)*56"7)"A9)* >9<0B?U)B>"7A*59?'B"5*?5"*?'B*5"*?AB^ E96BH9'B<")"*75"'>*"'0:7)*B7"*?A,A0'"69)*>7"U?05*7'0"7)959?"89?)*59?6"7)"A9? )* "77*?*H*>U=B*)09"5'*7A>9B7"9>0*7A"'0:7<>9^'96B70?A"UH*5)*0*?E"7)*>9/* =B*")9$A0'"?X  7ltokU509A9H*?-B*'97A>"A")9<9>*59<">")0>0.0>5"'95*''0:7)*)0?*8907)B?A>0"5=B* ?*/"&1"'97E*>A0)9*7B7)*<">A"6*7A907)*<*7)0*7A*X9H*??*/"&1".>")B")9*7">=B0A*'AB^ >"*7 ">E">))97)*'979'0:<*>?97"56*7A*"*9>&B?0*>H/"&1"A>"&"3")9)B>"7A*'07'9"89? '97)9?07?0.7*?60*6&>9?)*5""B/"B?W">'*5>*B*>H"5A*> >9<0B?X7'97?*'B*7'0"U9^ H*?*>"B7-0>6*)*-*7?9>)*5*?A05969)*>79*7?BE*>?0:76$?9>A9)9G"XB>"7A*?B'9>A96"7^ )"A9U 9>."70I: 5"? *G<9?0'097*? 9#&;.  ,#!:9 ;0"#8 $VUJ 9#&;.  ,#!:9 )0 8:)/#H8'0)!

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_ppo_         

  114. Preparación de So whont Amerika, Berlín, 1949. 115. Visitantes entrando en la casa prefabricada de Amerika zu Hause, Berlín, 1950.

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_ppp_         

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B7=B*5"*G<9?0'0:7?*/"'1"'9769A0E9)*5" *>0" 7)B?A>0"5)**>517UH<9'9?6*?*?)*?^ *?955"6")9[*6"?)*)0?*8907A*>09>"5*6$7\'*5*&>")9*75"I97">0*7A"5U 5"*?A>"A*.0")*59?.*?A9>*?"6*>0'"79?'97?0?A0:*7'">.">A9)"?5"?A07A"?*7*5)960709)*5" A*'7959.1")96,?A0'"X*A>"A"&")*06<"'A">"59?'0B)")"79?)*5?A*'97*5<9)*>92&:)*5)0^ ?*89H79'97*5<9)*>(8")*5"6"=B07">0"07)B?A>0"5X

  116 y 117. Imágenes de la exposición Wir bauen ein besseres Leben, Berlín, 1952.

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"*G<9?0'0:7/"&1"?0)9'960?">0")"<9>*A*> ">7)*7=B0*7/"&1"A*70)96B'/9'B0)")9*779 9>."70I">B7"*G/0&0'0:7)*?'">")")*<>9)B'A9?*?A")9B70)*7?*?XG'*9)96,?A0'9? )*5"'9'07"U=B*?1<>9'*)1"7)*XXU?*<>9'B>:=B*59?6"A*>0"5*?)*'97?A>B''0:7H59?9&3*^ A9? )*5 >*?A9 )* 5" '"?" -B*>"7 <>9)B'0)9? *7 )0E*>?"? 7"'097*?*B>9<*"?X7*>517[?A"69? '97?A>BH*7)9B7"E0)"6*39>\-B*E0?0A")"<9>6*)096055:7)*<*>?97"?UB7okw)*5"?'B"5*? nkr U >*.W6L):LU<$.XptX nks"*6<>*?")*6B*&5*?69)*>79?)*5*60.>")9"5*6$7 "7?7955?*/0I9-"69?"*7?A")9?70)9? '9759?07A*>09>*?)*9-0'07"?-*)*>"5*?)0?*8")9?<9>?B*?<9?" 59>*7'*7955-9>6")"*75">"7&>994'"*6H 9->AX<>07'0<09?)*59?"89?'07'B*7A"*5*<">A"6*7A9)*?A")9*7'">.:"7955=B**=B0<">"A9)"?5"? 07?A"5"'097*?)0<596$A0'"?*B>9<*"?'97?B?6B*&5*?X5*79>6*<*)0)9U<".")9'97):5">*?)*55"7">?/"55U ?0>E0:<">"'"<0A"50I">H'>*">7955 7A*>7"A097"5=B*"&>0:?B<>06*>"A0*7)"*7ltpmU*7ABAA.">AU'"<0A"5 )*5"07)B?A>0")*56B*&5*H<9?A*>09>6*7A**79A>"?'0B)")*?"5*6"7"?X U >*.W6L):XU<$.XqlX

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118. Estación Kiyevskaya (Linea Koltsevaya) del metro de Moscú, abierta en 1954.

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1. Interior pequeño burgués de la era estalinista comparado con un interior modernizado y socialista. V. M. Merzhanov y K. F. Sorokin: Eto Nuzhno Novoseltsam Ekonimika, Moscú, 1966. 

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*>9 *5 939 )* 59? *?A>"A*."? )* "?/07.A97*?A"&"9>0*7A")9/"'0" *5 '9>"I:7 )* 5" X >."70I")" <9>5" U5"G<9?0'0:7"'097"5 6*>0'"7"'2.2-/#8)-)d7>07^ ':7)*6,>0'"e"&>0:?B?A"? *7*5<">=B*9495Z7040U)B>"7A**5 E*>"79)*ltptU>96<0*7)9'97A9^ )9?59?>,'9>)?)*"?0?A*7'0"Xnns7 *?A*'97A*GA9ABE95B.">*5-"69?9 )*&"A*)*5"'9'07"*7A>*59?51)*^ >*?>B?/'/9EH0G97U'97?0)*>")9 '9695"6*39>*?'*70-0'"'0:7<9?0^ &5*)*5"?<9?0'097*?)*592&:62?#8 )*5" B*>>" >1"Xnnt"*G0A9?"*G^ <9?0'0:7*?ABE9'99>)07")"<9>B7 120. Entrada a la cúpula geodésica de Ugolok Ameriki. *=B0<9-9>6")9<9> *9>.**5?97 _B79)*59?6"*?A>9?6$?>*'979'0)9?)*5)0?*89"6*>0'"79_U ">95)'5*55"7_=B*/"&1"A>"&"^ 3")9*7*5&&)!#2& 0:#80:)20.8"#&&)89OJH"'4"?*H_B7E*A*>"7960*6&>9)*5" X

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121. Exposición de televisores en Ugolok Ameriki.

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122. Debate entre Jrushchov y Nixon ante la cocina de General Electric de la casa Splitnik, en Ugolok Ameriki. 

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