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Vähentäjää Vähentämässä. Tehdaspuu Oy Puunhankkijana Suomessa

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Vähentäjää Vähentämässä. Tehdaspuu Oy Puunhankkijana Suomessa JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 169 Veikko Tiainen Vähentäjää vähentämässä Tehdaspuu Oy puunhankkijana Suomessa JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 169 Veikko Tiainen Vähentäjää vähentämässä Tehdaspuu Oy puunhankkijana Suomessa Esitetään Jyväskylän yliopiston humanistisen tiedekunnan suostumuksella julkisesti tarkastettavaksi yliopiston vanhassa juhlasalissa S212 joulukuun 15. päivänä 2011 kello 10. JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO JYVÄSKYLÄ 2011 Vähentäjää vähentämässä Tehdaspuu Oy puunhankkijana Suomessa JYVÄSKYLÄ STUDIES IN HUMANITIES 169 Veikko Tiainen Vähentäjää vähentämässä Tehdaspuu Oy puunhankkijana Suomessa JYVÄSKYLÄN YLIOPISTO JYVÄSKYLÄ 2011 Editors Petri Karonen Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Pekka Olsbo, Ville Korkiakangas Publishing Unit, University Library of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities Editorial Board Editor in Chief Heikki Hanka, Department of Art and Culture Studies, University of Jyväskylä Petri Karonen, Department of History and Ethnology, University of Jyväskylä Matti Rahkonen, Department of Languages, University of Jyväskylä Petri Toiviainen, Department of Music, University of Jyväskylä Tarja Nikula, Centre for Applied Language Studies, University of Jyväskylä Raimo Salokangas, Department of Communication, University of Jyväskylä Kansikuva: Lusto, Metsäteollisuus ry:n kokoelma, Kauno Laine URN:ISBN:978-951-39-4559-6 ISBN 978-951-39-4559-6 (PDF) ISBN 978-951-39-4558-9 (nid.) ISSN 1459-4323 Copyright © 2011 , by University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä University Printing House, Jyväskylä 2011 ABSTRACT Tiainen, Veikko Tehdaspuu Oy in Finnish Wood Procurement. Jyväskylä: University of Jyväskylä, 2011, 236 p. (Jyväskylä Studies in Humanities ISSN 1459-4331; 169) ISBN 978-951-39-4558-9 (nid.) ISBN 978-951-39-4559-6 (PDF) English summary Diss. Large wood-processing companies A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiö, Oy Kaukas Ab, Kymin Osakeyhtiö and Oy Tampella Ab based in eastern Finland were by the 1960s suffering from poor profitability which various rationalisation projects had not helped reach a satisfactory level. These companies were in search of more extensive co-operation, which, being successful, would lead to clear savings and have also other useful effects. In order to achieve this, they established a common wood procurement company, Tehdaspuu Oy, in 1967 by merging their forest departments. The operations of Tehdaspuu ceased in 1996. To achieve the above savings, the founding companies of Tehdaspuu Oy, i.e. the company's shareholders, set cost-cutting goals for Tehdaspuu. The main goals comprised the following: 1) The advance of Metsäliitto will be prevented, 2) competition among the shareholder companies will end, 3) organisational costs will go down, 4) there will be better control of purchase prices, 5) harvesting costs will go down and 6) transport costs will go down. This also meant that the forests owned by the shareholders were transferred to the management of Tehdaspuu. The goals were qualitative rather than quantitative, because variation in the conditions prevailing in wood procurement makes it more difficult to compare the results. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how well Tehdaspuu succeeded in achieving the goals set by the shareholders. The majority of wood suppliers in the industry had, even before the founding of Tehdaspuu, participated in co-operation aiming at the rationalisation of purchasing, which together with the sellers strove for full utilisation of forests and a long-range contract policy. Tehdaspuu aimed to promote the rationalisation of purchasing by actively taking part in the co-operation. The most significant of those remaining outside the co-operation was Metsäliitto, a company with large wood procurement activities. Those committed to the co-operation regarded its operations as detrimental and tried to prevent its advance. That was also the goal of Tehdaspuu.The advance of Metsäliitto could not be stopped and goal 1 was therefore not achieved. The competition of the shareholder companies (goal 2) ended when operative activities were transferred from the shareholders to Tehdaspuu. As for the results in achieving the other main goals (3 to 6), quantitative results indicating at least magnitude as well as positive results indicating merely direction have been presented. The inventory of the shareholders' forests in 1985 showed that the average volume of tree stand had increased by 20 per cent, growth by almost 70 per cent and felling opportunities by 50 per cent. The result was in accordance with the essential goal. A strong development department had been built in Tehdaspuu at the founding stage. At first it focused on developing mainly wood harvesting and transport and later also on other areas in wood procurement in co- operation with the central organisations. As a result of this work, Finland has very competitive harvesting and transport costs. The shareholders of Tehdaspuu received the benefit from the development activities prior to others, but the forest economy and wood industry of the whole country benefited from the activities. Keywords: 20th Century, Finland, wood-processing companies, wood procurement, joint ventures Author’s address Veikko Tiainen Urheilijankuja 9 A 24 FIN 45100 Kouvola FINLAND Supervisor Professor Ilkka Nummela Department of History and Ethnology P.O. Box 35 (H) FIN 40014 University of Jyväskylä FINLAND Reviewers Docent Mika Skippari Aalto University School of Economics P.0. Box 21210 FI-00076 AALTO Doctor of Social Sciences, Doctor of Science (Economics and Business Administration) Pertti Hartikainen Kumputie 1 FIN 45200 Kouvola FINLAND Opponent Docent Mika Skippari Aalto University School of Economics P.0. Box 21210 FI-00076 AALTO ESIPUHE Suomessa oli puunhankinnan toimialarationalisointiin tähdänneitä hankkeita jo runsaat sata vuotta sitten. Yksikään silloin perustettu usean yrityksen yhteinen puunhankintaorganisaatio ei toiminut 1930-luvun jälkeen kolmeen vuosikym- meneen. 1960-luvulla suuret itäsuomalaiset puunjalostajat A. Ahlström Osake- yhtiö, Enso-Gutzeit Osakeyhtiö, Oy Kaukas Ab, Kymin Osakeyhtiö, Rauma- Repola Oy ja Oy Tampella Ab etsivät puunhankintaansa ratkaisua, joka tuottai- si säästöjä, saisi kannattavuuden tyydyttäväksi ja jolla olisi muitakin hyödyllisiä vaikutuksia. Suuryritykset olivat 1960-luvulla ryhmittyneet oman rahoittajapankkinsa leiriin niin tiukasti, ettei leirin rajoja juurikaan murrettu. Tässä käsiteltävässä hankkeessa oli kahden pankkileirin yrityksiä, Kansallis-Osake-Pankin leirissä Enso-Gutzeit ja Rauma-Repola sekä Pohjoismaiden Yhdyspankin leirissä Ahl- ström, Kaukas, Kymi ja Tampella. Enso-Gutzeit ja Rauma-Repola vetäytyivät hankkeesta ennen lopullista päätöstä. Mikään ei viittaa siihen, että kumman- kaan yrityksen vetäytymisen syy olisi ollut pankkiyhteys. Jäljelle jääneet neljä yritystä muodostivat Tehdaspuu Oy:n fuusioimalla metsäosastonsa. Tehdaspuu toimi vuoteen 1996 saakka, jolloin se yritysfuusioiden seurauksena sulautui osaksi UPM-Kymmene Oy:n metsäosastoa. Olin Tehdaspuun johtoryhmässä yrityksen perustamisesta lähtien useissa tehtävissä: ostopäällikkönä, hallintopäällikkönä, hallintojohtajana ja toimitus- johtajan varamiehenä. Siirryin eläkkeelle vuonna 1987, jonka jälkeen kirjoitin yrityksen alkutaipaleesta historiikin Puuhuoltoa ja huolta puusta, 20 vuotta Tehdaspuuta. Tutustuin yhteisillä ulkomaan matkoilla professori Ilkka Num- melaan ja ryhdyin hänen kannustamanaan täydentämään tuota kirjaani tavoit- teena rakentaa siitä väitöskirja. En ole aina maininnut lähdettä silloin, kun läh- de on tuo historiikki. Olen kiitollinen kaikille niille monille henkilöille, jotka ovat auttaneet mi- nua tämän tutkimuksen teossa. Erityisen kiitoksen ansaitsee professori Ilkka Nummela, joka on kärsivällisesti ohjannut minua oikealle tielle, kannustanut jatkamaan silloinkin, kun olen halunnut vetää länget kaulaan, ja kritisoinut työ- täni silloin, kun hän on katsonut arvostelun kiitosta paremmaksi kannustimek- si. Väitöskirjani ennakkotarkastajien, dosentti Mika Skipparin ja tohtori Pertti Hartikaisen kritiikki on ollut rakentavaa ja tutkimustyötäni edistävää. Emeri- tus-professori Markku Sääksjärven kehittämästä, Tehdaspuussa käytetystä peli- teoreettisesta ratkaisumallista sain häntä haastattelemalla tähän tutkimukseen selkeän kuvauksen. Olen kiitollinen siitä, että hän halusi käyttää runsaasti aikaa keskusteluun tästä Tehdaspuun toimintaan olennaisesti vaikuttaneesta ratkai- sumallista. Lukuisista haastattelemistani Tehdaspuun ulkopuolisista henkilöistä ha- luan vielä mainita Teollisuuden Puuyhdistyksen toimitusjohtajana toimineen kunniatohtori Martti Vainion, joka on auttanut minua hahmottamaan sitä toi- mintaympäristöä, jossa yritykset taistelivat puun haltuun saamisesta joko todel- lisessa tai oletetussa niukkuustilanteessa. Kääntäjä Päivi Riikonen on ansainnut suuret kiitokset tämän tutkimuksen englanninkielisten osien kääntämisestä. Tehdaspuun nykyiset ja eläkkeellä olevat toimihenkilöt ovat täydentäneet puutteellisia tietojani. Jokainen heistä olisi mainitsemisen arvoinen, ja olen sy- västi kiitollinen jokaiselle haastattelemalleni henkilölle. Erityisen kiitokseni ha- luan osoittaa Tehdaspuun viimeiselle toimitusjohtajalle Pekka Tiililälle, joka on paikannut hataria tietojani ajasta, jolloin en enää ollut Tehdaspuun palvelukses- sa vaan vietin eläkemiehen huoletonta elämää. Tyttäreni Ulla Tiainen on huo- lehtinut siitä, etteivät puutteelliset taitoni tietojenkäsittelyssä ole aiheuttaneet suuria ongelmia. Olen kiitollinen hänen avustaan. Kaikki kolme tytärtäni ovat ansainneet kiitokset
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