Underwater Archaeology ADRIAN£ ASKINS NEIDINGER MATTHEW A. RUSSELL, EDITORS 1 Published By THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY RONALD L. MICHAEL, Editor ISSN 1089-7852 Composition by TransVisions Uniontown, Pennsylvania ©1999 by The Society for Historical Archaeology Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1089-7852 @The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS FOREWORD Adriane Askins Neidinger and Matthew A. Russell, Editors CURRENT RESEARCH Historical Salvage and Maritime Archaeology 3 GLENN D. SIMPSON Training Walls and Ferry Slips are not Sexy Lingerie II CELIA McCARTHY Inland Waterways of the California Delta: Identifying and Managing a Maritime Landscape 17 KIMBERLY EsSER Major Steam-Era Wrecks and Associated Sites of the West Kootenays, British Columbia 21 ROBYN WoODWARD AND JoHN POLLACK Major Steam-Era Wrecks and Associated Sites of the West Kootenays, 27 British Columbia: Representative Sites JOHN POLLACK AND ROBYN WoODWARD Whaling and the Expansion of the University of Hawaii Maritime Archaeology and 33 History Program into the Pacific SuzANNE S. FINNEY CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT New Roles and New Directions in Underwater Archaeology: Update on The United 39 Kingdom's Archaeological Diving Unit (ADU) GLENN P. DARRINGTON Navy Aircraft as Artifacts 46 ROBERTS. NEYLAND AND DAVID GRANT Wharf, Mining and Production: A Nineteenth-Century Waterfront Alum Mining Operation 52 STEPHEN R. BILICKI Charting a New Course for the Monitor: Results from the 1998 Research 58 Expedition to the Monitor National Marine Sanctuary JOHN D. BROADWATER, DINA 8. HILL, JEFFREY P. JOHNSTON, AND KAREN KOZLOWSKI Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary: Presenting the Past through Cooperative Interpretation 64 RoBERT V. ScHWEMMER Beacons of the Florida Keys as Submerged Cultural Resources 71 DIANE E. SILVIA AND DAVID G. WHALL The History of Underwater Archaeology at Florida State University: 80 A Retrospective of the Past and a Look to the Future GEORGE R. FISCHER SHIPS, SHIPWRECKS, AND ARTIFACTS The Final Excavation of a Ship from Sir William Phips' Fleet, 1690 85 PETER J. A. WADDELL The Reassembly and Conservation of the Belle 93 DoNNY L. HAMILTON Silicone Oil: A New Technique For Preserving Waterlogged Rope With Passivation Polymers 98 C. WAYNE SMITH AND JEROME KLOSOWSKI Preliminary Report on the 1998 Excavations of the 1824 Wreck of the Royal 107 Hawaiian Yacht Ha 'aheo o Hawai'i (ex-Cleopatra 's Barge) PAuL F. JoHNSTON 1785 Common Sailors' Clothing and a Ship's Camboose from the General Carleton of Whitby 115 LAWRENCE E. HABITS AND WALDEMAR 0SSOWSKI Do the Artifacts Identify the Beaufort Inlet Shipwreck as the Pirate 123 Blackbeard's Flagship Queen Anne's Revenge? WAYNE R. LUSARDI Historical and Archaeological Research Focused on the Hull Remains 133 Associated with Site 0003BUI, Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina DAVID D. MooRE A Phase II Excavation of a Possible Jeffersonian Gunboat 141 JEFFREY M. ENRIGHT The Ironclad Phoenix and the Confederate Obstructions at Mobile Bay 148 DAVE BALL THE SOCIETY FOR HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY AND THE ADVISORY COUNCIL ON UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY EXTEND THEIR APPRECIATION TO THE FOLLOWING FOR THEIR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE IN THE PUBLICATION OF THESE PROCEEDINGS Bermuda Maritime Museum Center for Historical Archaeology Center for Maritime and Underwater Resource Management, Michigan State University Program in Maritime Studies, East Carolina University Friends of the Corpus Christi Museum of Science and History Geometries Institute of Nautical Archaeology Teresita Majewski Mid-Atlantic Technology and Environmental Research, Inc. National Park Service, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit National Underwater and Marine Agency Nautical Archaeology Program, Texas A&M University Naval Historical Center Panamerican Maritime, L.L.C. R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates, Inc. Ships of Discovery South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology U.S.I.A. -Military Defense Division Underwater Archaeological Society of British Columbia FOREWORD United Kingdom, the Caribbean, Canada, and the Pacific. The importance of graduate programs in under­ ADRIANE ASKINS NEIDINGER AND water archaeology was evident in nearly every MATTHEW A. RUSSELL, EDITORS symposium. Representatives from the various programs suggested a change in focus-one in This year's 32nd Annual Conference on His­ tune with the conference theme-to the west. torical and Underwater Archaeology in Salt Lake The Hawaiian symposium emphasized the City was the 30th meeting to include underwater bourgeoning interest in maritime cultures and tra­ archaeology sessions in its program. Of 276 ditions of the Pacific, as well as the importance papers presented in Salt Lake City, 54 (20%) of contributions from the University of Hawaii dealt with maritime-related issues. As the theme graduate program. California's Sonoma State for the 1999 meeting, the idea of "Crossroads of University cultural resources management gradu­ the West" was reflected in many of the papers ate program turned to the rich maritime-related presented. The scope of research and ideas pre­ material culture of California. Its research delved sented suggests that maritime archaeology has into not only the concept of maritime landscapes reached its own "western crossroads" of sorts, but the important role ethnic minority groups and is positioned to finally shed its long-held have played in California's maritime heritage. image as a "nascent discipline" as it moves into Representatives of other graduate programs the new millennium. New ideas, research, con­ present included Florida State University, Texas cepts, and technology reveal the field's increas­ A&M, and East Carolina University. ing interest and acceptance by cultural resource A topic of much discussion in Salt Lake City managers, academicians, and the public. was UNESCO's Draft Convention on the Protec­ In addition to the many papers presented with tion of Underwater Cultural Heritage. A pre­ a single-site focus, there were some refreshing conference symposium organized by the National discussions taking a more anthropological per­ Park Service provided a forum for discussing this spective, such as exploring the concept of mari­ important agreement. At a time when treasure time landscapes and effect of historical salvage hunters are consolidating their ranks and increas­ on the archaeological record. The involvement ingly trying to blur the lines between commercial and importance of volunteer and avocational ar­ salvage and archaeology, better formal protection chaeology organizations to submerged cultural re­ of our underwater cultural heritage is necessary. sources management was strongly evident at this It is vital that archaeologists, both maritime and year's conference. Nearly 20% of the maritime­ terrestrial, present a united front against commer­ related papers were presented by volunteer or cial salvage interests. As we get ready to move avocational groups or discussed their involvement into the new millennium, it is unacceptable for with on-going projects, signaling the success of professional archaeologists to support a compro­ public outreach programs and involvement of mise position of collaboration with anitiquity har­ communities in local maritime cultural heritage vesters who would salvage and market our cul­ preservation. tural patrimony. The argument that "some data A review of conference topics and presenters are better than no data" is unjustifiable and ulti­ once again show varied areas and periods of re­ mately serves only to further degrade our search. While much research remains focused unrenewable resource base. Both the SHA Board within the continental United States, the confer­ and the Advisory Council on Underwater Archae­ ence had presenters and topics spanning the ology took an important step in building this globe. International contributions included pre­ united front by passing motions in Salt Lake City sentations about research taking place in the in support of UNESCO's Draft Convention. Underwater Archaeology, 1999:1-2. Permission to reprint required. 2 UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY 1999 We would like to acknowledge Michael R. This volume was published with generous fi­ Polk, Donald D. Southworth, Wendy Simmons nancial assistance of individuals and organizations Johnson, Shane Baker, Charmaine Thompson, and listed on an earlier page. With their help, we the rest of 1999's conference committee. Their are able to usher Underwater Archaeology out of efforts resulted in a highly successful conference, the present millennium and into the next. Final and their hard work made our jobs as underwa­ thanks go to Daniel J. Lenihan and Larry E. ter program co-chairs much easier. Murphy of the National Park Service's Sub­ Thanks go out to the authors and presenters merged Cultural Resources Unit for supporting who made this year's conference a success. This our efforts to organize the conference's underwa­ volume is a reflection of their efforts and work. ter program and edit this year's proceedings vol­ We are also indebted to Dr. Ronald Michael and, ume. especially, Denise C. Lakey, for guiding us through the editorial maze necessary to bring this ADRIANE AsKINS NEIDINGER MATTHEW A. RussELL volume to publication. Michael Rodeffer and SUBMERGED CULTURAL RESOURCES UNIT Teresita Majewski were also particularly helpful NATIONAL PARK SERVICE P.O. Box 728