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Extreme Drought: Summary of Hydrologic Conditions in Georgia, 2012 the U.S

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Extreme Drought: Summary of Hydrologic Conditions in Georgia, 2012 the U.S Extreme Drought: Summary of Hydrologic Conditions in Georgia, 2012 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Streamflow and Groundwater Data WYs 1999–2012 can be accessed online at Georgia Water Science Center (GaWSC) http://ga.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubswdr. maintains a long-term hydrologic monitoring Daily, monthly, and yearly streamflow html. A digital map at http://maps.waterdata. network of more than 330 real-time stream-­­ statistics from the 2012 USGS annual data usgs.gov allows the user to search for current gages, including 10 real-time lake-level report (ADR; U.S. Geological Survey, 2012a) and historical data and graphics collected as monitoring stations, 63 real-time water-quality were used to develop this summary. Data for part of the USGS monitoring network. monitors, and 48 water-quality sampling stations. Additionally, the GaWSC operates more than 180 groundwater monitoring wells, Quarterly Hydrologic Conditions in Georgia for 2012 WY, Based on Drainage Basin Runoff 42 of which are real-time. One of the many D. 07/01/12– EXPLANATION benefits from this monitoring network is that A. 10/01/11– B. 01/01/12– C. 04/01/12– 09/30/12 Percentile classes the data analyses provide a well distributed 12/31/11 03/30/12 06/30/12 Highest overview of the hydrologic conditions of creeks, Much above normal, >90 rivers, reservoirs, and aquifers in Georgia. Above normal, 76 to 90 Streamflow and groundwater data are GEORGIA Normal, 25 to 75 verified throughout the year by USGS hydro­ Below normal, 10 to 24 graphers, and this information is available to Much below normal <10 water-resource managers, recreationalists, and Lowest Federal, State, and local agencies. Hydrologic conditions are determined by comparing the results of statistical analyses of the data These maps represent hydrologic conditions during the 2012 WY EXPLANATION (1) collected during the current water year comparedFigure to available 1 historical data. Runoff was calculated Percentile classes (WY) to historical data collected over the for each basin and presented as uniform over the entire basin Highest period of record. Changing hydrologic condi- area. Only streamflow stations with a complete daily-flow Much above normal, >90 tions emphasize the need for accurate, timely dataset for the 2012 WY were used (U.S. Geological Survey, Above normal, 76 to 90 data to help Federal, State and local officials 2012b). For the first quarter of the 2012 WY (A), the southern Normal, 25 to 75 make informed decisions regarding the part of the State was observing “much below normal” and Below normal, 10 to 24 management and conservation of Georgia’s “lowest” runoff conditions, while the northern portion of the Much below normal <10 water resources for agricultural, recreational, State was observing “normal” to “above normal” runoff. During Lowest ecological, and water-supply needs and for the third quarter of the 2012 WY (C), the majority of the State use in protecting life and property. received below normal precipitation and observed record high temperatures and runoff was Persistent drought conditions continued some of the lowest on record; however, the southeastern corner of the State received above in the 2012 WY. By January 2012, over normal precipitation because of Tropical Storm Beryl in May, and Tropical Storm Debby in June 50 percent of Georgia was experiencing D3 (Dunkley, 2012). During the fourth quarter (D), runoff in portions of the State was still “much below normal” or “lowest” on record and the southeastern part received additional rainfall (extreme) drought conditions. The 9-month from Tropical Storm Isaac. period of January–September ranked as the 6th warmest on record for Georgia (Dunkley, 2012). Some drought relief was experienced in the far southern part of the State because of tropical storm activity, New Minimum Streamflows New monthly New 7-day including Hurricane Isaac in August 2012; EXPLANATION In 2012, new record- minimum 2012 minimum 2012 however, the majority of the State experi- low monthly discharge Percentage of normal enced 50 to 75 percent of normal precipi- occurred at 79 of precipitation during tation for the year. Several streamgages 113 streamgages that 2012 (NOAA, 2012) with 20 or more years of record experienced 90 percent and greater have 20 or more years 75 to 89 percent record low flows, including record low annual of data. The 2012 WY 50 to 74 percent mean discharges at USGS stations 02210500 was similar to other Streamgage Ocmulgee River near Jackson (58 years of recent drought years New monthly minimum record), 02223500 Oconee River at Dublin in which a number of New 7-day average minimum (60 years of record), and 02226000 Altamaha new record-lows were River at Doctortown (81 years of record). recorded at monthly discharge stations, including 2007 (80), 2008 (75), and 2011 (52). Most of the central and southwestern part of the State received 50 to 75Figure percent 2 of normal precipitation. Normal is defined as a 30-year average for 1971–2000 (NOAA,reduce 2012). to 50% 1Water year is the period October 1 through New record-low 7-day average discharge occurred at 9 of 113 streamgages in 2012 that have September 30 and is designated by the year 20 or more years of data. The majority of these streamgages are located in areas that received in which it ends. For example, the 2012 water 50 to 74 percent of normal precipitation. year began on October 1, 2011, and ended on September 30, 2012. U.S. Department of the Interior Fact Sheet 2014 –3028 U.S. Geological Survey April 2014 Daily Discharge and 7-Day Average Streamflow Conditions, 2011 Water Year VALLEY R EXPLANATION a 02398000 Chattooga River g AND SOUTH o 02337000 Sweetwater Creek o RIDGE t [Map] t CAROLINA Chattooga River at Summerville, Ga. 02398000 at Summerville, Georgia a Sweetwater Creek near Austell, Ga. 02337000 h near Austell, Georgia C 02398000 River basin boundary 6,000 Physiographic boundary 10,000 The Chattooga River flows from BLUE Coosa– Sweetwater Creek is a major RIDGE Tallapoosa– 02213000 Streamgage and number the northwestern corner of Weiss Tennessee tributary of the Chattahoochee Lake Sweetwater 1,000 Georgia into Alabama where Creek River (U.S. Geological Survey, 1,000 PIEDMONT Savannah–Ogeechee Sa it flows into Weiss Lake (U.S. Atlanta va 1975). The 7-day average 02337000 n n Jackson a 100 Geological Survey, 1975). For h streamflow fluctuated between r Lake e R v i i v “much below normal” and the first half of the 2012 WY, e R GEORGIA r 7-day average streamflow “normal” from October through 10 100 Ocmulgee–Altamaha O in cubic feet per second in cubic feet per second 7-day average discharge, conditions were “normal” to c March, and new 7-day average 7-day average discharge, 02213000 Oconee– o n 2 40 e e O minimum record flows were “much above normal,” followed ge ec h by “below normal” and “much e recorded during latter part 100,000 e 100,000 R R iv below normal” streamflow e i of the water year, in April, e r v e O e c r 10,000 h m 10,000 for the latter part of the water c COASTAL PLAIN May, and July. New minimum o u l o g Altam year. Daily discharge in most h e r ah daily mean discharges were a e a t e v 1,000 1,000 t i R Ri of the first part of the 2012 WY a ve observed during the months of h r C n a April and May. was in the “maximum” range 100 e 100 Satilla–Suwannee– c O compared to historical data r St Marys–Ochlockonee Chattahoochee–Flinte c v i Daily discharge, Daily discharge, i R t 10 n 10 until February, when median t e a n e l i t ALABAMA l h in cubic feet per second in cubic feet per second c A daily mean streamflows were F o r o e 1 c v 1 la i h R observed for most of the rest of FLORIDA t i OND JFMAMJJAS OND JFMAMJJAS 02318500 the 2012 WY. 2011 2012 W 2011 2012 N 0 30 60 MILES 0 30 60 KILOMETERS Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1:2,000,000-scale digital data 02213000 Ocmulgee River 02318500 Withlacoochee River Ocmulgee River at Macon, Ga. 02213000 at Macon, Georgia 7-Day Average Discharge Withlacoochee River at US 84 near Quitman, Ga. 02318500at US 84, near Quitman, Georgia 50,000 Hydrographs show the 7-day average for 2012 as compared to 50,000 The Ocmulgee River flows The Withlacoochee River flows historical 7-day averages. Data are categorized in percentile out of Jackson Lake and joins in the Suwannee River Basin 10,000 10,000 ranges from “much above normal” (greater than the 90th percentile) the Oconee River to form the in the southern coastal plain of to “much below normal” (less than the 10th percentile) (U.S. Altamaha River (U.S. Geological Georgia (U.S. Geological Survey, 1,000 Geological Survey, 2012d). Survey, 1975). During the EXPLANATION 1975). For much of the 2012 1,000 majority of the 2012 WY, the [Graphs] WY, 7-day average streamflow 100 7-day average discharge was Historical (percentile) conditions were “below normal” in cubic feet per second “below normal” to “much below 7-day average discharge, in cubic feet per second Much above normal (≥90) to “much below normal,” and 7-day average discharge, 10 normal.” New record-low 7-day 100 Above normal (76 to 89) record-low 7-day average Normal (25 to 75) average streamflow conditions EXPLANATION streamflows were observed 100,000 100,000 Below normal (11 to 24) were observed in 2012 for the [Graphs] during the months of January Much below normal (≤10) months of April, May, June, July, 10,000 Historical (percentile) and February.
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