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Blue Flag Iris to Virginia Mountain Mint.Pdf Iris virginica shrevei Common Blue Flag Iris Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Iris family (Iridaceae) Height: 2-3' Bloom Time: May - June Bloom Color: blue-purple Sun: partial to full sun Water: wet to moist Nectar-seeking bumblebees are the most important pollinators of the flowers. Butterflies and skippers are less common nectar-seeking visitors, but they are not effective at cross-pollination. Short-tongued Halictid bees and various beetles may also visit the flowers for pollen, but they are not effective pollinators either. Mammalian herbivores rarely bother this plant because the foliage and rootstocks are somewhat toxic, causing irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. Liatris aspera Common Name: Rough blazing star Family: Asteraceae Height: 2 to 4 feet Spread: 1 to 1 1/2 feet Bloom Time: August to October Bloom Description: Rose Purple Sun: Full sun Water: Dry to medium Features rounded, fluffy, deep rose-purple flower heads which are crowded into long, terminal flower spikes atop erect, rigid, leafy flower stalks. Primarily long-tongued bees, butterflies, skippers, and bee flies visit the flowers. Among the long-tongued bees, this includes honeybees, bumblebees, Little Carpenter bees, Miner bees, and Leaf-Cutting bees. Butterfly visitors include Monarchs, Painted Ladies, Black Swallowtails, Sulfurs, and others. Other visitors include Green Metallic bees and other Halictine bees. The latter bees collect pollen primarily and are not effective pollinators. Mammalian herbivores, large and small, readily eat the foliage and stems, including rabbits, deer, groundhogs, and livestock. Sometimes small rodents will dig up the corms and eat them. Liatris cylindracea Common Name: Cylindrical Blazingstar Family: Aster family (Asteraceae) Height: 1 to 1 ½ feet Spread: 6 to 12 inches Bloom Time: July to August Bloom Color: pink or purplish pink Sun: full sun Water: dry to medium Cylindrical Blazingstar grows on hills or slopes amid rocky material, but it tolerates loamy soil if the site is well-drained. Drought tolerance is excellent, and foliar disease is not a significant problem at most locations. This plant cannot compete well against taller, more aggressive plants. The leaves appear whorled because of their density, but they alternate around the stem. The flowers are visited primarily by long-tongued bees, butterflies, skippers, and bee flies. Some short-tongued bees may visit the flowers to collect pollen, but they are not effective pollinators. Rabbits, groundhogs, deer, and livestock browse on the plant. Prairie and Meadow Voles sometimes eat the corms. An overpopulation of these animals can make the establishment of this plant difficult in some areas. Liatris pycnostachya Common Name: Prairie blazing star Family: Asteraceae Height: 2 to 5 feet Spread: 1 to 2 feet Bloom Time: July-August Bloom Color: Reddish purple Sun: Full sun Water: medium to wet The height of this plant varies with the moisture in the soil. During a drought, the lower leaves may wither away, otherwise this plant presents few problems. The most common visitors of the flowers are long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers, which seek nectar primarily. Other insect visitors include day-flying moths, bee flies, and short- tongued Halictid bees, the latter collecting pollen. Mammalian herbivores eat this and other Blazing stars readily; groundhogs and rabbits favor younger plants, while deer and livestock are more likely to browse on mature plants. The corms are eaten by the Prairie Vole and Meadow Vole. Prairie Blazingstar is an attractive plant while in bloom, resembling a magic wand. It is more common in flower gardens than in the wild, although some of these are undoubtedly hybrids with similar species. This plant closely resembles Liatris spicata (Dense Blazingstar). Liatris spicata Common Name: Dense blazingstar Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Asteraceae Height: 2 to 5 feet Spread: 1 to 2 feet Bloom Time: July-August Bloom Color: Reddish purple Sun: Full sun Water: medium to wet The height of this plant varies with the moisture in the soil. During a drought, the lower leaves may wither away; otherwise this plant presents few problems. The most common visitors of the flowers are long-tongued bees, butterflies, and skippers, which seek nectar primarily. Other insect visitors include day-flying moths, bee flies, and short-tongued Halictid bees, the latter collecting pollen. Mammalian herbivores eat this and other Blazingstars readily; groundhogs and rabbits favor younger plants, while deer and livestock are more likely to browse on mature plants. The corms are eaten by the Prairie Vole and Meadow Vole. Dense Blazingstar is an attractive plant while in bloom, resembling a magic wand. This plant closely resembles Liatris pychnostachya (Prairie Blazingstar). Liatris squarrosa Common Name: Scaly Blazing star Family: Asteraceae Height: 1–2½ feet Spread: 1 ft. Bloom Time: July-August Bloom Description: Purple Sun: Full sun Water: Dry to medium This wildflower is found in high quality natural areas. The flowers are cross-pollinated primarily by bumblebees, butterflies, and skippers. In general, several insect species feed on blazing stars. These species include: the caterpillars of Blazingstar Flower Moth, which feed on the florets and developing seeds; the caterpillars of Blazingstar Borer Moth and Liatris Borer Moth, which bore through the stems; and the foliage and flower heads of Blazing stars are edible to many mammalian herbivores, including cattle, horses, sheep, goats, deer, rabbits, and groundhogs. Where these mammals are abundant, Blazingstar populations usually decline. Lobelia cardinalis Common Name: Cardinal flower, Red lobelia Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Campanulaceae Height: 2 to 4 feet Spread: 1 to 2 feet Bloom Time: July - September Bloom Color: Scarlet, white or rose Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium to wet Needs constant moisture, tolerates full sun in cool, northern climates, but otherwise appreciates part shade. The flowers attract the Ruby-Throated Hummingbird and the Black Swallowtail, Spicebush Swallowtail, and Pipevine Swallowtail. Sometimes bumblebees steal nectar through slits in the tubular corolla. Halictid bees gather pollen but are ineffective at pollination. The caterpillars of the Pink-washed Looper Moth feed on the leaves. Lobelia kalmii Common Name: Kalm’s Lobelia Family: Campanulaceae (Bellflower family) Height: 6 to 18 inches Bloom Time: mid-summer to early fall Bloom Color: Pastel blue and white Sun: full sun to part shade Water: wet to medium This conservative species is found in high quality wetlands where the original flora remains intact. Habitats include grassy fens, wet sandy meadows, borders of interdunal swales, low areas along springs, and bogs. Little is known about floral-faunal relationships for this species. The flowers are probably cross-pollinated by various bees and small butterflies and have a delicate beauty with slender foliage. Kalm’s lobelia is named in honor of Pehr (Peter) Kalm, a 17th century botanist who cataloged many New World plants. Lobelia siphilitica Common Name: Great Blue Lobelia Family: Campanulaceae Height: 2 to 3 feet Spread: 1 to 1.5 feet Bloom Time: July - September Bloom Color: Blue Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium to wet Will tolerate full sun in cool, northern climates, but otherwise appreciates part shade. Pollinators attracted include yellow- faced bees, sweat bees, small carpenter bees, and bumble bees. Provides late summer bloom to the perennial border, wild garden, native plant garden, woodland garden or naturalized planting. Also effective near ponds or streams. Great Blue Lobelia produces violet-blue flowers during late summer or early fall, when forbs with yellow flowers are typically dominant. Lythrum alatum Common Name: Wing-angled loosestrife Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Loosestrife family (Lythraceae) Height: 1 to 3 feet Spread: 1 to 1.5 feet Bloom Time: July - October Bloom Color: lavender Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium Many kinds of insects visit the flowers, including various long-tongued bees, Green Metallic bees, bee flies, butterflies, and skippers. Among the long-tongued bees, are such visitors as honeybees, bumblebees, Cuckoo bees, Miner bees and large Leaf-Cutting bees. This native plant should not be confused with Purple Loosestrife an invasive Eurasian plant that invades wetlands, forming dense stands that exclude other species. Manfreda virginica, Agave virginica Common Name: False Aloe Plant Type: Herbaceous perennial Family: Agavaceae Height: 3 to 6 feet Spread: 3 to 4 feet Bloom Time: July to October Bloom Color: Yellow-green Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Dry to Medium American aloe (sometimes also called rattlesnake master) is a native plant which occurs most often in alkaline soils on rocky glades and in sandy open woods. A rhizomatous perennial which forms large, basal rosettes of nearly flat, soft, fleshy, sword-shaped, dark green leaves (6" to 20" long and 2" wide). Long summer bloom occasionally extends into fall. Flowers give way to capsule-like fruit. Good plant for informal settings, such as wild gardens or native plant gardens or as part of a naturalized planting. Also, may be used in a dry corner of the perennial border. Mimulus alatus Common Name: Sharp winged monkey flower Family: Scrophulariaceae Height: 1 to 3 feet Spread: 0.75 to 1 foot Bloom Time: June - September Bloom Color: pink-lilac Sun: Full sun to part shade Water: Medium to wet This plant is not a strong
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