US EPA Source Reduction Assistance Grant X9-96479407- 0 SRAG - 200

A publication of the Louisville Water Company, Local Planning Team for the Wellhead Protection Plan Pocket Field Guide to

US EPA Source Reduction Assistance Grant ’s Wildflowers and X9-96479407-0 SRAG - 200 Native Grasses

Louisville Water Company 550 S. 3rd Street Louisville, KY 40202 502-569-3600 http://www.louisvilleky.gov/LWC

For additional copies, or more information, contact: Marsha Taylor Meyer Wellhead Protection Coordinator Louisville Water Company

Bee Balm,

Winner of the Exemplary Source Water Protection Award, 2009, American Water Works Association 2009 Outstanding Watershed Project Kentucky- Water Environment Association

Page 28 Page 1 What is a wildflower? Native wildflowers are defined as being herbaceous flowering , excluding sedges and grasses. A native is one that was growing in Kentucky prior to European settlement and has adapted to certain habitats in response to specific climatic, geologic, and topographic variables. In order to make it easier for the amateur to identify and select plants for garden planning purposes, only the showy wildflowers were selected to be in this guide. In addition, to further narrow the list, (as this guide is not intended to be used as a reference Frank’s Sedge Fringed Sedge Hop-like Sedge book for professionals), the wildflowers selected were listed by Carex frankii Carex crinita Carex lupuliformis Attraction –Butterfly, Attraction –Butterfly, Moth Attraction –Butterfly, Moth various nurseries as readily available live plants in the Louisville, Comment:2’-2.5’, Wildlife Comment:2’-5’, Wildlife Comment:2’-3’, Wildlife Kentucky area. By selecting native plants that flourish in the Louisville/Jefferson County area, native plants that do not thrive in this environment were omitted. Many wildflowers have the word “weed” as a part of their name, but are not considered to be a pest to the wildflower/wildlife enthusiast. For example, ironweed, a very showy, native wildflower is considered a weed by agriculturalists, because livestock will not eat it, and the may become invasive in plowed or otherwise disturbed fields. However, for the wildflower/wildlife enthusiast, the plant is showy, fairly easy to Sallow Sedge Sideoats Gamma Soft or Common Rush cultivate, and therefore a desirable wildflower. Carex lurida Bouteloua curtipendula Juncus effusus Attraction –Butterfly, Moth Attraction –Butterfly, Moth Attraction –Butterfly, Moth Conserving wildflowers Comment:2’-5’, Wildlife Comment:1’-1.5’, Wildlife Comment:1’-1.5’, Wildlife Collecting wildflowers from their native habitat is harmful by eliminating plants from their natural habitat, where the population falls below the minimum required to sustain the plant. Louisville Water Company 550 S. 3rd Street With the introduction of non- Louisville, KY 40202 native species, which are less For more information, edible, wild eat or trample The Ginseng plant has become very please visit our web site: the wildflowers until the population rare in Eastern Kentucky due to http://www.louisvilleky.gov/ over collecting and replacement by Switchgrass Wild Rye LWC/ch_water_quality/ is diminished to where it can not under Wellhead Protection invasive non-native plants that are Panicum Virgatum Elymus virginicus continue to survive in its natural less nutritious for wildlife. Attraction –Butterfly, Moth Attraction –Butterfly, Moth Comment:3’-5’, Wildlife Comment:2’-4’, Wildlife Page 2 Page 27 habitat. This also increases the likelihood that the area will be invaded by a non-native plant. In addition, there is no assurance that moving a plant from its natural environment will enable it to survive in other areas. For example, most orchids have a special relationship with fungi in the soil. When these plants are dug up and removed from their native soil, and transplanted into a different soil, the fungi does not exist that enable the plant to survive. Other plants may have

Dark Green Bulrush Eastern Gamma Giant Plume Grass exacting soil, acidic, basic, or other requirements that a different Scirpus atrovirens Grass Saccharum giganteum area may not meet. For example, azaleas and native Attraction – Butterfly, Moth Tripsacum dactyloides Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth rhododendrons require a sandy, well-drained, acid soil. These Comment: 3’-5’, Wildlife Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Comment:10+ Comment:6’-8’, Wildlife plants will not live in the regions unless the soil environment is modified to meet their needs. Lastly, by adding wildflowers or other plants collected from the wild to your yard, you can bring in diseases, fungi, and other pathogens that could harm other plants in your landscape. Purchase native plants from a reputable nursery or greenhouse that grows their own plants from . Or, you may order the seed and grow the plants from seed yourself. Either way, you can make sure

that the native plant you wish to use has Indian Grass, June Grass Melic Grass There are many nurseries Woolgrass Koeleria cristata Melica nitens not been improperly collected, and will not in Kentucky that specialize Sorghastrum nutans Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth add unwanted elements to your yard. in native plants. Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Comment:2’+, Wildlife Comment:2’+, Wildlife Comment: 5’-6’, Wildlife For the amateur, taxonomy of plants can be a nightmare of unfamiliar Latin names that almost, but not quite, make sense. Taxonomically, plants are named according to and species, with specific variations within the species defined. For the amateur, determining the correct taxonomic classification can be confusing and frustrating. In general, common names vary from region to region and are not accurate. For this reason, it is always wise to order plants and/or Prairie Dropseed River Oats Fox Sedge by their taxonomic name, i.e. the genus and species. Sporobolus heterolepsis Chasmanthium latifolium Carex vulpinoidea Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Many guides are available that show garden designs, with the Comment: 2’-3’, Wildlife Comment: 2’-3’, Wildlife Comment: 2’-3’, Wildlife various plants used in the design listed by genus and species. Page 26 Page 3 When comparing the genus and species of the plants used in the rain gardens, or in dramatic groupings, are the native grasses pre-designed gardens, it is likely that the plants listed will not be found in Kentucky. These plants are being crowded out by many readily available to someone living outside the particular region invasive plants or grasses, or are being eaten by the wildlife to for which the garden was designed. endangerment because these plants are more nutritious and filling However, in designing your own garden, you can use the design than the . presented, and research the taxonomic classification and the Many of the grasses are used in native meadow or prairie seed plant’s particular characteristics, substituting plants available in mixes, but may also be used as decorative plots in the your region that have the same genus, if not the same species. Be homeowner’s lawn, or as single plants or groupings to add variety sure to note the characteristics of the plants you are using as to a native plant garden. There are many nurseries specializing in substitutes, so that they more closely match the original design. native wildflowers or plants, while others may be ordered in bulk You can always ask your local Cooperative Extension Agent or in meadow mixes. Most of the grasses are also native to other university for more help. states. Sources of Information A variety of sources were used to determine the types of native flowering plants to list in this selection, to confirm plant characteristics, and to check taxonomic classification. First, to select the plants to be spotlighted, the listings from several “local” companies, (as well as state and Beakgrass Bearded Shorthusk Blue Wood Sedge local agencies), of native plants Diarrhena americana Brachyelytrum erectum Carex flaccosperma available for sale as live plants Attraction – Butterfly, Moth Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Attraction – Butterfly, Moth Comment: 1’ – 2’, Wildlife Comment: .5-.9’, Wildlife were used. This provided a base Daisy Fleabane, a common KY for the general guide. wildflower. Photo by Ken Thomas. There are many companies in Kentucky that sell native plants to the general public, as live plants or as seed. Some of the companies will deliver live plants, or the customer may visit the green house and choose live plants from the nursery for use in native plant gardens. Other areas of the state and other states also have companies that specialize in the sale of native plants, either as seeds or live plants, which specialize in plants for that particular region. The plants listed here are readily available as Big Bluestem Splitbeard Bluestem Bottlebrush Grass live plants to the population of Louisville, Kentucky and the Andropogon gerardi Adropogon ternarius Elymys hystrix Attraction – Butterfly, Moth Attraction -- Butterfly, Moth Attraction – Butterfly, Moth Comment: 3’-6’, Wildlife Comment: Wildlife Comment: 2’-4’, Wildlife Page 4 Page 25 Kentucky Bluegrass, Bermuda Grass, Orchard Grass, Redtop surrounding area. They may also be available in other states, or Grass, and Timothy Grass). Native ragweed is one native plant other regions of Kentucky. which is highly allergic. This pocket guide is designed to help the homeowner select native Will Native Plants Attract Pests? plants for use in a home garden, and is not a guide for other professionals. Unsecured garbage is the main attraction for most pests, such as Pocket Guide to Some Common Kentucky Wildflowers rodents and raccoons. Native landscaping is not. Native plants will attract butterflies and dragonflies, , bats, frogs and salamanders, as well as that provide shelter and food for the wildlife. In return, the wildlife will help control pesky bugs such as mosquitoes. Canada American Aloe Alumroot, Coral Bells , Rue Anemone Geese, considered to be a pest in virginica Heuchera Americana Anemone thalictroides some areas, prefer short turf grass Comment: Repels wildlife to taller native grasses.

Kentucky’s Native Grasses Although it may be hard to imagine, Kentucky was once covered by about 3 million acres of native grasslands. The native grasses were critical in supporting the large and diverse wildlife populations present in pre-settlement days. However, with the Anemone, Canadian Arrowhead, Duck Aromatic Aster arrival of Europeans came an intensification and modernization of Anemone Potato Aster oblongifolius Anemone canadensis agriculture that has now resulted in a landscape dominated by Sagittaria latrifolia Attraction – Birds, Comment: Repels wildlife, Comment: near ponds and , Butterflies, fescue. Research has shown that fescue provides very poor Favors locations near water bodies habitat for wildlife, and creates problems for livestock as well. water Eradication of fescue in ‘wild’ areas and restoration of native grasses is beneficial for both wildlife enthusiasts and farmers alike. Prairie grasses, native to Kentucky and other temperate-climate states, grew densely and tall, sometimes so thick that pioneer children would become lost forever in the undulating sea of grass Arrow-leaved Aster Calico Aster, or Lady Crooked Stem Aster that in good years topped a horse’s withers. Aster sagittifolius in Black Aster prenanthoides Attraction – Birds, Aster laterifolius Attraction – Birds, In addition to providing food for wildlife, other decorative or Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Attraction – Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, useful plants to use in the native plantings, including meadows, Moths Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Moths Moths Page 24 Page 5 Frequently Asked Questions: Seeding vs. Transplants - Sowing seeds is less expensive than landscaping with transplants. However, native plants grow slowly from seed, often not blooming until the third year. The first few years are spent growing long, extensive root systems. Weeds grow quickly, so don’t be discouraged. Golden Aster New England Aster Short’s Aster mariana Aster novae-angliae Aster shortii Transplants grow more quickly than Attraction – Birds, Attraction – Birds, Attraction – Birds, seeds, often blooming in the first year. Butterflies, Moths Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Moths Moths Make sure your transplants come from a reputable nursery and not from the wild. Keep your costs down by buying the smallest plants available, but remember to be patient. Larger plants will bloom more quickly, as a rule.

Silky Aster Sky Blue Aster Smooth Blue Aster, Questions to Ask When Buying Native Plants Aster sericeus Aster azureus Stokes Aster 1. Are the native plants locally grown or shipped in? Native Aster laevis Attraction -- – Birds, Attraction – Birds, plants that are locally grown are best suited to the Butterflies, Moths Butterflies, Moths Attraction -- – Birds, Butterflies, Moths regional climatic conditions 2. Have the seeds been propagated in a nursery or collected from the wild? Seeds from the wild need to be protected so that we do not deplete our natural areas.

3. Will the native plants grow best in sun, shade, or a Stiff Aster Swamp Aster White Wood Aster combination? Survey your plot carefully. Aster linarifolius, Ionactus Aster puniceus Aster divaricata, Eurybia 4. What soil type is required? Is it sandy, loamy, wet or linarifolius Attraction – Birds, divaricata Butterflies, Moths Attraction -- – Birds, dry? Butterflies, Moths 5. Which native plants grow well together? Call your local nature center or Heritage Program Office to find out about plant communities. 6. How long will it take seeds to germinate or plants to mature? The key to growing native plants is patience. Will Native Plants Aggravate Allergies? - Many native , Aster White Baneberry Foxglove Aster praealtus Acrtaea pachypoda Beardtongue such as asters, goldenrods, and milkweeds, are -pollinated, Attraction – Birds, Comment: White berries digitalis not wind-pollinated, and do not cause allergies. It is the pollen in Hummingbirds, Butterflies, slightly toxic Attraction -- Birds, the air that triggers allergic reactions. The plants responsible Moths Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Moths for many pollen allergens are not native to the Midwest, (e.g.

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Turtlehead Twinleaf Vase Vine, Bluebill, Hairy Beardtongue Purple Beardtongue, Showy Beardtongue Chelone glabra diphylla Yellowflower Penstemon hirsutus Dewflower Penstemon cobaea Attraction -- Moths, Clematis virginiana Attraction --– Birds, Penstemon cobaea Attraction –Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, Attraction – Birds, Butter- Hummingbirds purpureus Butterflies, Moths Birds flies, Hummingbirds, Moth Comment: Deer Resistant Attraction – Birds, Hum..

Small’s Beardtongue American Bell Large-flowered Rose Verbena Blue Vervain Birdfoot Violet Penstemon smallii americana Bellwort Verbena canadensis Verbena hastata pedata Attraction -- -- Birds, Comment: Annual or Bi- Uvularia grandiflora Attraction – Birds, Moths, Attraction – Moths, Attraction – Moths, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, annual Hummingbirds, Butterflies Butterflies, Hummingbirds Butterflies Moths

Blue Violet, Johnny Canadian Violet Labrador Violet Wild Bergamot or Bishop’s Cap, Black Cohosh Jumpup Viola candensis Viola labradorica Miterwort Cimicifuga racemosa Viola papilionacea Monarda fistulosa Mitella diphylla Attraction – Humming- Attraction -- Moths, Attraction -- Moths, birds, Butterflies, Moths Attraction – Moths, Butterflies Butterflies Attraction – Moths, Butterflies Hummingbirds, Butterflies

Louisville Water Company 550 S. 3rd Street

Louisville, KY 40202 Black-eyed Susan Dense Blazing Star Dwarf Blazing Star Wild Pink Rudbeckia hirta spicata Liatris cilindracea Silene caroliniana For more information, please visit our web site: http://www.louisvilleky.gov/LWC/ch_water_quality/ Attraction – Birds, Attraction – Birds, Attraction -- -- Birds, Attraction – Moths, under Wellhead Protection Butterflies, Moths, General Butterflies, Moths Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Butterflies, Hummingbirds Wildlife Moths Page 22 Page 7

Prairie Blazing Star Rough Blazing Star Southern Blazing Star Liatris pycnostachya Liatris aspera Liatris squarosa Brown-eyed Susan Sweet Flag Thimbleflower, Rudbeckia triloba Acorus calamus Thimbleweed Attraction -- -- Birds, Attraction -- pycnostachya Attraction -- Birds, Anemone virginiana Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Attraction -- -- Birds, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Attraction – Birds, Moths, Moths Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Moths Butterflies Attraction -- Moths, Moths Butterflies, Hummingbirds

Tiny-headed Blazing Blood Root Eastern Blue Star Star Sanguinaria canadensis Amsonia Wood Tickseed Bent Erect Red Trillium, Liatris microcephala Comment: Toxic root, tabernaemontana major Trillium flexipes Wake Robin Attraction -- -- Birds, dormant in summer Attraction – Butterflies, Attraction -- Wildlife Comment: Vulnerable Trillium erectum Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Moths Moths

Virginia Bluebells Canadian Summer Purple Bluets, Venus’ Erect Yellow Trillium, Large White Trillium Prairie Trillium Mertensia virginica Bluet Pride Wood Lily Trillium grandifloum Trillium recurvatum Comment: Moist shady Houstonisa canadensis purpurea Trillium erectum Comment: Endangered woodlands

Boltonia, False Aster Boneset, Bradbury’s Monarda Boltonia asteroides Monarda bradburnia Thoroughwort Trillium, Toad Shade, Yellow Trillium Trumpet Vine, Attraction – Eupatorium perfoliatum Attraction – Birds, Sweet Betsey Trillium luteum Trumpet Creeper Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Trillium cuneatum Campsis radicans Attraction – Butter., Moths Mothes Moths Attraction -- Hummingbirds Page 8 Page 21

Flowering Spurge Squirrel Corn St. John’s Wort Euphorbia corollata canadensis Hypericum perferatum Bundleflower Prickly Pear Cactus Cardinal Flower Attraction -- Wildlife Attraction -- Wildlife illinoensis Opuntia humifusa Lobelia cardinalis Attraction – Birds, Comment: Sweet Attraction – Humming- Butterflies, Moths succulent birds, Butterflies, Moths, General Wildlife

Wild Strawberry Sundrops Downy Sunflower Fragaria virginiana Oenothera fruiticosa mollis Attraction – Birds, Moths, Attraction – Butterflies, Attraction -- Birds, Moths, Purple Prairie Clover Round-headed Bush Wild Columbine Butterflies, Hummingbirds Moths, Hummingbirds Butterflies, Hummingbirds Dalea purpurea Clover Aquilegia canadensis Wildlife Attraction -- Birds, Lespedeza capitata Attraction – Birds, Butterflies, Moths Attraction -- Birds Hummingbirds

Giant Sunflower Narrow-leaved Oxeye Sunflower Compass Plant Glade Coneflower Orange Coneflower Helianthus giganteus Sunflower Helopsis heliathoides laciniatum Echinacea simulata Rudbeckia fulgida Attraction -- Birds Hlianthus angustifolius Attraction – Moths, Attraction – Birds, Attraction – Birds, Attraction -- – Birds, Butterflies Butterflies, Moths Butterflies, Moths Attraction -- Birds, Moths, Butterflies, Moths Comment: Slow to Comment: Goldfinches Butterflies, Hummingbirds establish loves this one!

Rough-leaved Tickseed Sunflower Western Sunflower Sunflower aristosa Helianthus occidentalis Pale Purple Purple Coneflower Sweet Coneflower Helianthus hirsutus Attraction -- Wildlife Attraction -- Birds, Moths, Coneflower Echinacea purpurea Rudbeckia subtomentosa Attraction – Birds, Moths, Butterflies, Hummingbirds Echinacea palllida Attraction -- Birds, Attraction –Birds, Butterflies Attraction – Birds, Moths Hummingbirds, Butterflies Butterflies, Moths Page 20 Page 9

Yellow Coneflower Eared Coreopsis Lanceleaf Coreopsis

Ratibida pinnata Coreopsis auriculata Coreopsis lanceolata Blue Sage Sedum, Stonecrop Wild Sienna Attraction -- Birds, Attraction -- – Birds, Attraction -- Birds, Salvia azurea Sedu ternatum Cassia marilandica Butterflies, Moths Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Moths Moths Attraction – Birds, Moths, Attraction – Moths, Butter. Attraction -- Birds, Moths, Butterflies, Hummingbirds Butterflies, Hummingbirds

Tall Coreopsis Culver’s Root Crossvine Coreopsis tripteris Veronicastrum virginicum Bignonia capreolata Shooting Star Downy Skullcap Autumn Sneeze-weed Attraction -- – Birds, Attraction – Dodecatheon meadia Skutella incana Helenium autumnale Attraction -- Hummingbirds Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, Butterflies, Comment: Endangered Attraction – Birds, Moths, Moths Moths Butterflies

Cup Plant Cutleaf Prairie Dock, Prairie Dock Silphium perfoliatum Tansy Rosinweed Silphium terebinthinaceum Purple-headed Solomon’s Seal False Solomon’s Seal Attraction – Birds, Attraction – Birds, Moths, Sneeze-weed Smilacina racemosa Maianthemum racemosa Butterflies, Moths Butterflies Helenium nudiflorum Comment: Edible root Attraction -- Birds Attraction – Birds, Moths, Butterflies

Dutchmen’s Breeches Early Saxifrage Fameflower, Lime- Saxifraga virginiana stone Fameflower Southern Harebell, Spiderwort Virginia Spiderwort, Talinum calcaricum Appalachia Bellflower ohiensis Virginia Spiderlily Attraction – Butterflies, Campanula divaricata Tradescantia virginiana Moths Page 10 Page 19

Celandine Poppy White Prairie Clover Large-Flowered Stylophorum diphyllum Dalea candidum Evening Primrose Fire Pink, Catchfly Foamflower Galax Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Oenothera grandiflora Silene virginica Tiarella cordifolia Galax aphylla flies, Hummingbirds Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Hummingbirds flies, Hummingbirds, Birds

Missouri Primrose Showy Primrose, Pink Wild Quinine, Oenothera missouriense Ladies Feverfew Gaura Bottle Gentian White Gentian Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Oenothera speciosa Parthenium integrifolium Gaura biennis andrewsii Gentiana alba flies, Hummingbirds, Birds Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Comment: Fragrant Attraction – Butterflies, flies, Hummingbirds deer

Wild Geranium Wild Ginger Ginseng, American Rattlesnake Master Rose Mallow Rosinweed Geranium maculatum Asarum canadense Eryngium yuccifolium Hibiscus moscheutos Silphium integrifolium Ginseng Attraction – Moths, Attraction – Moths, Panax quinquefolia Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Attraction – Birds, Moths, Attraction – Birds, Moths, Hummingbirds, Butterflies Butterflies flies, Hummingbirds, Birds Butterflies, Hummingbirds Butterflies Comment: Endangered

Goatsbeard Golden Ragwort Elm-leaved Goldenrod Whorled Rosinweed Royal Catchfly Scouring Rush Aruncus dioicus Senecia aureus ulmifolia Silphium trifoliatum Silene regia hyemale Attraction – Moths, Attraction – Moths, Attraction -- Wildlife Attraction – Birds, Moths, Butterflies Butterflies Butterflies, Hummingbirds

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Wild Petunia Carolina Phacelia Fragrant Goldenrod, Gray Goldenrod Rigid Goldenrod Ruella strepens Phlox caroliniana Phacelis bipinnafida Sweet Goldenrod Solidago nemoralis Solidago rigida Attraction – Butterflies, Attraction – Moths, Butter- Comment: Bi-annual Solidago odora Attraction – Birds, Moths, Attraction – Moths, Moths, Hummingbirds flies, Hummingbirds,

Butterflies Butterflies Wildlife

Creeping Moss Phlox Downy Phlox Garden Phlox Phlox subulata Phlox pilosa Rough-leaved Showy Goldenrod Woodland Goldenrod, Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Goldenrod Solidago speciosa Bluestem Goldenrod flies, Hummingbirds, flies, Hummingbirds, flies, Hummingbirds, Attraction – Moths, Solidago caesia Wildlife Wildlife Wildlife, Birds Attraction – Moths, Butterflies Attraction – Birds, Moths, Butterflies Butterflies

Meadow Phlox Smooth Phlox Wild blue Phlox Phlox maculata Phlox amoena Phlox divaricata

Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Green and Gold, Green Dragon Hairy Alumroot flies, Hummingbirds, flies, Hummingbirds, flies, Hummingbirds, Golden Star Arisaemma dracontium Heuchera villosa Wildlife Wildlife, Birds Wildlife Chrysogonum virginianum

Hairy Angelilca Round-lobed Sharp-lobed Hepatica, Pickeral Rush, Water Plantain Poppy Mallow Angelica venosa Hepatica americana Liverwort Pickeral Weed Alisma subcordatum Callirhoe papaver Attraction – General Hepatica acutiloba Pontederia cordata Attraction -- Waterfowl Wildlife Attraction – Butter., Moths Page 12 Page 17

Swamp Milkweed Whorled Milkweed Downy Mountain Mint Asclepias incarnata Asclepias verticillata ciliata Horsemint Wild Hyacinth Indian Hemp, Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Moths, Birds, Attraction -- Moths, Birds, Monarda punctata Camassia scilloides Dogbane flies, Hummingbirds Butterflies, Hummingbirds Butterflies, Hummingbirds Attraction – Moths, Butter- Apocynum canabinum flies, Hummingbirds Attraction – Moths, Butterflies

Hairy Wood Mint Short Tooth Mountain Slender Mountain Mint Mint

Attraction -- Wildlife muticum Pycnanthemum Indian Psychic, Cream False Inditgo Attraction – Butterflies, tenuifolium White False Indigo Baptisa leucophaea Hummingbirds, Moths Attraction – Hum, Butter. American Ipecac Baptisia lactea Gillenia stipulata Attraction – Moths, Attraction – Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Hummingbirds Hummingbirds, Butterflies flies, Hummingbirds

Mistflower Monkeyflower Nodding Wild Onion Eupatorium coelestinum Mimulus alatus Allium cernuum Attraction – Butterflies, Attraction – Birds, Attraction – Moths, Wild Blue Indigo Wild White Indigo Blue Flag Iris Moths Hummingbirds Butterflies Baptisia australis Baptisia alba Iris virginica Attraction – Birds, Moths, Attraction – Moths, Butter- Attraction – Birds, Butterflies, Hummingbirds flies, Hummingbirds Hummingbirds

Obedient Plant Partridge Berry Passionflower Vine, Physotegia virginiana Mitchella repens Maypop Blue-eyed Grass Copper Iris Dwarf Crested iris Attraction – Moths, Butter- Comment: Fragrant red incarnata Systynchium angustifolium Iris fulva Iris cristata flies, Hummingbirds berries Attraction – Moths, Butt. Attraction – Birds, Hummingbirds Page 16 Page 13

Tall Ironweed Giant Ironweed Jack in the Pulpit Vernonia altissima Vernonia gigantea Arisaema triphyllum Great Blue Lobelia Spiked Lobelia White Lobelia Attraction – Moths, Attraction – Moths, Butter- Lobelia siphilitica Lobelia spicata Lobelia siphilitica, var. alba Butterflies, Wildlife flies, General Wildlife Attraction -- Hummingbirds

Jacob’s Ladder Jeruselem Artichoke Joe Pye Weed Marsh Marigold Mayapple Tall Meadow Rue Polemonium reptans Helianthus tuberosus Eupatorium purpureum Caltha palustrus Podophyllum peltatum Thalictrum polygamum Attraction – Birds, etc. Attraction -- Wildlife

Kentucky Lady’s Large, Yellow Lady’s Cup, Bearsfoot , Meehan’s Milkvetch Butterfly Milkweed Slipper Slipper Polymnia uvedalia Mint Astragalus canadensis Asclepias tuberosa Cypripedium kentuckiense Cypripedium pubescens Attraction -- Wildlife Meehania cordata Attraction – Birds, Moths, Attraction -- – Birds,

Comment: Endangered Comment: Endangered Hummingbirds, Butterflies Moths, Hummingbirds, Butterflies

Virginia Lespedeza Turkscap Lily Lizard Tail Lespedeza virginica Lilium superbum Saururus cernus Common Milkweed Green Milkweed Purple Milkweed Attraction -- Deer Attraction -- Hummingbirds Asclepias syriaca Asclepias virdis Aslepias purpurea Attraction – Moths, Attraction – Moths, Butter- Attraction -- Moths, Butter- Butterflies flies, Hummingbirds flies, Hummingbirds Page 14 Page 15