DOCSLIB.ORG

Fractionation and Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oil Presentation BETO 2015

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fractionation and Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oil Presentation BETO 2015 DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) 2015 Project Peer Review Fractionation and Catalytic Upgrading of Bio-Oil FY13 DE-FOA-000 CHASE March 2015 Technology Area Review PI: Daniel E. Resasco – co-PI: Steven P. Crossley University of Oklahoma This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information Goal Statement • Current technologies: • This project: – low C-retention in – effective fractionation, fuel range combined with – high H consumption. – catalytic upgrading for • C-C bond formation in liquid and vapor • Hydrodeoxygenation • Experimental results allow phases – life-cycle analysis (LCA) and – techno-economic analysis (TEA) back fed to the experimentalists to refine selection of catalyst and process operations • ultimate objective is maximizing C efficiency at minimum H utilization. 2 Quad Chart Overview Timeline Partners Barriers • October, 2013 o OU 50 % Tt-F. Deconstruction of • October, 2016 o INL 25 % Biomass to Form Bio-Oil • 50 % Complete o U. Wisconsin 12.5 % Intermediates o U. Pittsburgh 12.5 % Tt-I. Catalytic Upgrading of Gaseous Intermediates to Budget Fuels and Chemicals Total FY 13 FY 14 Costs Total Planned Costs Costs Funding (FY 15- Tt-J. Catalytic Upgrading of FY 10 Project End –FY 12 Date Bio-Oil Intermediates to Fuels and Chemicals DOE Funded N/A N/A 329,973 1,563,936 Tt-O. Separations Efficiency Project Cost Tt-S. Petroleum Refinery Share N/A N/A 155,420 562,089 (Comp.)* Integration of Bio-Oil Intermediates 3 1 - Project Overview • The team consists of five groups with specific expertise in complementary areas: – Pyrolysis and thermal treatment of biomass – Catalysis in liquid and vapor phases – Separations of multicomponent mixtures (supercritical) Life-cycle analysis - Techno-economic analysis • Collaborative work, permanent contact, and positive feedback among the groups Fractionation Catalysis Clean streams TEA LCA 4 1 - Project Overview Interconnections of knowledge and samples among the various groups of the team 5 2 – Approach (Technical) • Thermal fractionation: – moderate temperatures and times deconstruction of most reactive parts mostly small oxygenates – Higher temperatures and faster heating rates mostly phenolic compounds • Catalytic upgrading: Specific catalyst formulations maximize C retention in liquid phase and minimize catalyst deactivation • Separation: Refining of the different fractions by supercritical extraction and selective adsorption further divides the primary fractions in purer streams • LCA and TEA: Analysis LCA and TEA helps continuous improvement and feedback • Potential challenges are the severely deactivating conditions imposed by the compounds involved in the streams towards the catalysts as well as the complex mixtures that make fractionation complicated. 6 2 – Approach (Management) • The outcome of this project will be a series of possible process strategies to produce stabilized liquid projects that could be inserted in a conventional oil refinery. • The most important challenge is related to process economics • The current goal is to find thermal fractionation processes, catalysts and catalytic reactors, as well as separation processes that minimize the cost and environmental impacts, maximizing the liquid yield • The senior personnel of the different parts of the project are responsible of planning, organizing, controlling resources, and procedures to accomplish the established goal 7 3 – Technical Accomplishments Objective A. Thermal Fractionation Done in multi-stages, with residual solid from each stage becoming the feed of next stage. In the last one, the solid is fast pyrolyzed. The current multi-stage system contains two torrefaction stages carried out at 270°C (20 min) and 360°C (5 min) and the final pyrolysis stage at 500°C (1 min) Mass balance measured in each of the stages 8 Comparison of stage 1 & stage 2 liquid compositions 6 5 Stage 1 Stage 2 4 3 2 liquid injectedliquid 1 0 Acetic acid Acetol Light Furans Furfurals Pyrans Alkyl Anhydrous Methoxy µmoles of carbon/µL oftorrefaction carbon/µL ofµmoles oxygenates Phenols Sugars Phenols Objective B. Supercritical fluid extraction of thermal fractions. This milestone intends to examine different critical fluids for extraction of torrefaction bio-oils. The fluids examined so far included carbon dioxide (CO2), propane (C3H8), dimethylether (DME), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). From these experiments the more significant results indicate that two ethers (DME and THF) were not effective as extraction solvents since they formed 1 phase with the bio-oils. Propane did form 2 phases, but had low extraction efficiencies. With the current result it can be partially concluded that CO2 appears to be the most promising critical fluid for extraction. 9 Objective C. Design of novel catalysts . Synthesis and characterization of different material with catalytic properties allow us to understand the relationship between synthesis and properties of catalytic materials. This section is dedicated towards the synthesis, and characterization of different materials with potentially good catalytic performance. C. 1 Metal catalysts C.2 Oxide catalysts No Catalysts Preparation method Catalyst BET Surface area (m2/g) 1 1 wt % Pt/SiO2 (15 g) IWI TiO2 P25 60 TiO2 Anatase 165 2 0.1,1 wt % Ru/SiO2 (15 g) IWI/Reduction Ce Zr O 137 0.5 0.5 2 3 5,10 wt % Ru/SiO2 (15 g) IWI/Reduction SiO2 145 4 1 wt % Pd-Fe/SiO2 (20 g) IWI Al2O3 122 5 2 wt % Pd-Fe/SiO2 (20 g) IWI C. 3 Zeolite catalysts ! Volume (cm3/g) Area (m2/g) Material Total Ext Micropore Mesopore Micropore Pore Surface Parent Zeolite 0.186 0.222 0.035 19.5 355 Mesoporous zeolite 0.165 0.305 0.14 51.63 314.9 Mesoporous zeolite acid 0.189 0.357 0.168 61 361 washed 10 Objective D. Chemical reactions involved in the catalytic upgrading of thermally fractionated bio-oils • Aldol Condensation • Furfural oxidation • Ketonization of carboxylic acids • Piancatelli rearrangement / aldol condensation • Acylation of phenolics • Alkylation of phenolics • Hydroxyalkylation of phenolics • Hydrodeoxygenation • Diels Alder cycloaddition 11 Objective D. Catalytic upgrading D. 1 Vapor phase upgrading over Ga-ZSM5. Incorporation of Ga causes a significant increase in production of deoxygenated alkylaromatics when the upgrade is conducted under H2 Alkyl benzenes Naphthalenes Alkyl benzenes yield as a function of biomass feed over GaZSM5 with Naphthalenes yield as a function of biomass feed over GaZSM5 with different different pretreatment conditions pretreatment conditions Evaluate both activity and catalyst lifetimes with real feeds for input to LCA and TEA models 12 Objective D. Catalytic upgrading D. 1 Vapor phase upgrading of fraction A on Ru/TiO2 Ru/TiO2 catalysts show great promise with model compounds Model compound results O Selective HDO O - no loss of C 100 O 80 O Piancatelli rearrangement 60 - C-C bond formed, no loss of C, aldol condensation Y Methylfuran building block 40 Y Cyclopentanone Y Furfurylalcohol Yield (mol %C) Yield 20 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Feed : Furfural; Catalyst : 4.4 % Ru/TiO2 W/F (h) Gas : 30 sccm H2 ; Reduction: 400°C in H2 for 1h ; Reaction T = 400°C; P= 1atm; TOS = 30 mins Objective D. Catalytic upgrading D. 1 Vapor phase upgrading of fraction A on Ru/TiO2 Ru/TiO2 catalysts demonstrate even more promise with real torrefaction vapors O O Torrefaction vapors ketonization OH Excellent selectivity to O ketone building blocks O Piancatelli rearrangement with real feed 1.4E-06 1.2E-06 O 1.2E-06 Acids+Esters Ketones 1.0E-06 1.0E-06 8.0E-07 8.0E-07 Furfural 6.0E-07 6.0E-07 Cyclopentanone Methylfuran 4.0E-07 4.0E-07 mol of carbon mol of mol of carbon of mol 2.0E-07 2.0E-07 0.0E+00 Feed : Furfural; Catalyst : 4.4 % Ru/TiO2 0.0E+00 Gas : 30 sccm H ; Reduction: 400°C in H for 1h ; 0 2 4 6 8 2 2 0 Reaction T2 = 400°C; 4P= 1atm; 6 8 TOS = 30 mins Biomass Fed (mg) Biomass Fed (mg) Objective D. Catalytic upgrading D. 2 Liquid phase upgrading of furanics (derived from fraction B) furfural Piancatelli rearrangement followed by cyclopentanone aldol condensation. Aldol Piancatelli Condensation MgO Cyclopentanone Aldol Condensation Furfural hydrogenation Piancatelli rearrangement Pressure Cyclopentanone Conversion (psia) Selectivity 200 49% 95% 300 79% 93% 600 93% 88% *Catalyst: 2%Pd-Fe/SiO2 (1:1) - Solvent: Water *Temp: 150oC, time: 6h, Pressure: 200-600 psia 15 Objective D. Catalytic upgrading D. 3 Alkylation and HDO of fraction C (phenolics) Pd/H 2.5 Pd/HY Y C D Desirable Undesirable Pd/HY 2.0 B Metal H+ 1.5 (4) H2 (5) 1.0 (1) Metal H + (3) 2 -H2O H Pd/HY 0.5 A 0.2% (2) Alkylation/MCANE Ratio yields Pt/HY Metal 1% H2 Pt/HY 0.0 0 50 100 ∞ nA/nM, mmol H+/mmol exposed Pd 16 Objective E. TEA Techno-economical analysis of the current technology Biomass Biomass Bio-Oil Upgrading – Scheme 1 Pre-treatment C-System Dry D-System Biomass (10) E-System Hydro- deoxygenation Torrefaction Bio-Oil Pt-Re/TiO2 Gas (0.7) Upgrading 1st Stage H2O (1.0) ° Bio-Oil (0.6) 270 C C-System Residual Biomass (7.7) Bio-Oil Upgrading – Scheme 2 Gas (0.8) C-System 2nd Stage H2O (0.7) Bio-Oil (1.1) D-System 360°C D-System Residual Oxidation Ketonization Hydrogenation Biomass (5.1) Amberlyst-15 Ru/TiO2 Ru/TiO2 Fuel Product Fuel Gas (1.1) Pyrolysis H2O ° Bio-Oil (1.2) 500 C E-System E-System Char (2.8) Hydro- Alkylation deoxygenation H-β Pt-Re/TiO2 Heat Char Combustion Electricity Objective E. TEA Techno-economical analysis of the current technology • Higher upgrading complexity shifts C6+ Fuel Yield (GGE/yr): Scheme 1: 10,531,270 product distribution to higher Scheme 2: 17,119,435 hydrocarbons • From discounted cash flow analysis of a simplified process, we calculate minimum selling price of bio-fuel: Cost (Cents/GGE) Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Fixed Costs 87 104 Electricity 16 8 Raw Materials Scheme 1: 6.14 USD/GGE Biomass 248 153 H2 97 42 Scheme 2: 5.24 USD/GGE H2O2 -- 30 Waste Treatment 31 14 Catalyst 8 5 Catalyst Regeneration 11 6 Total 498 362 Objective F.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lavender- and Lavandin-Distilled Straws: an Untapped Feedstock With
    Lesage‑Meessen et al. Biotechnol Biofuels (2018) 11:217 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1218-5 Biotechnology for Biofuels RESEARCH Open Access Lavender‑ and lavandin‑distilled straws: an untapped feedstock with great potential for the production of high‑added value compounds and fungal enzymes Laurence Lesage‑Meessen1, Marine Bou1, Christian Ginies2, Didier Chevret3, David Navarro1, Elodie Drula1,4, Estelle Bonnin5, José C. del Río6, Elise Odinot1, Alexandra Bisotto1, Jean‑Guy Berrin1, Jean‑Claude Sigoillot1, Craig B. Faulds1 and Anne Lomascolo1* Abstract Background: Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (a sterile hybrid of L. angustifolia L. latifolia) essential oils are among those most commonly used in the world for various industrial purposes, including× perfumes, phar‑ maceuticals and cosmetics. The solid residues from aromatic plant distillation such as lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws are generally considered as wastes, and consequently either left in the felds or burnt. However, lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws are a potentially renewable plant biomass as they are cheap, non-food materials that can be used as raw feedstocks for green chemistry industry. The objective of this work was to assess diferent pathways of valorization of these straws as bio-based platform chemicals and fungal enzymes of interest in biorefnery. Results: Sugar and lignin composition analyses and saccharifcation potential of the straw fractions revealed that these industrial by-products could be suitable for second-generation bioethanol prospective. The solvent extrac‑ tion processes, developed specifcally for these straws, released terpene derivatives (e.g. τ-cadinol, β-caryophyllene), lactones (e.g. coumarin, herniarin) and phenolic compounds of industrial interest, including rosmarinic acid which contributed to the high antioxidant activity of the straw extracts.
    [Show full text]
  • The Analysis of Grapevine Response to Smoke Exposure
    The Analysis of Grapevine Response to Smoke Exposure A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Lieke van der Hulst BSc, MSc The University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food and Wine Thesis submitted for examination: November 2017 Thesis accepted and final submission: January 2018 Table of contents Abstract i Declaration iii Publications iv Symposia v Acknowledgements vii Chapter 1 Literature review and introduction • Literature review and introduction 1 • The occurrence of bushfires and prescribed 2 • Economic impact of bushfires 5 • Smoke derived volatile compounds 6 • Volatile compounds in wine 8 • Glycosylation of volatile phenols in grapes 9 • Previous smoke taint research 11 • Glycosyltransferases 14 • Research aims 18 Chapter 2 Detection and mitigation of smoke taint in the vineyard • Authorship statements 20 • Introduction 22 • Paper: Accumulation of volatile phenol glycoconjugates in grapes, 24 following the application of kaolin and/or smoke to grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay and Merlot) • Further investigation into methods for the detection and mitigation of 54 smoke taint in the vineyard Material and Methods 55 Results and discussion part A 57 Results and discussion part B 61 Conclusion 68 Chapter 3 Expression of glycosyltransferases in grapevines following smoke exposure • Authorship statements 71 • Introduction 73 • Paper: Expression profiles of glycosyltransferases in 74 Vitis vinifera following smoke exposure Chapter 4 The effect of smoke exposure to apple • Authorship statements 122 • Introduction 124 • Paper: The effect of smoke exposure to apple (Malus domestica 125 Borkh cv ‘Sundowner’) Chapter 5 Conclusions and future directions • Conclusions 139 • Future directions 142 Appendix • Paper: Impact of bottle aging on smoke-tainted wines from 145 different grape cultivars References 152 Abstract Smoke taint is a fault found in wines made from grapes exposed to bushfire smoke.
    [Show full text]
  • CPY Document
    3. eHEMieAL eOMPOSITION OF ALeOHOLie BEVERAGES, ADDITIVES AND eONTAMINANTS 3.1 General aspects Ethanol and water are the main components of most alcoholIc beverages, although in some very sweet liqueurs the sugar content can be higher than the ethanol content. Ethanol (CAS Reg. No. 64-17-5) is present in alcoholic beverages as a consequence of the fermentation of carbohydrates with yeast. It can also be manufactured from ethylene obtained from cracked petroleum hydrocarbons. The a1coholic beverage industry has generally agreed not to use synthetic ethanol manufactured from ethylene for the production of alcoholic beverages, due to the presence of impurities. ln order to determine whether synthetic ethanol has been used to fortify products, the low 14C content of synthetic ethanol, as compared to fermentation ethanol produced from carbohydrates, can be used as a marker in control analyses (McWeeny & Bates, 1980). Some physical and chemical characteristics of anhydrous ethanol are as follows (Windholz, 1983): Description: Clear, colourless liquid Boilng-point: 78.5°C M elting-point: -114.1 °C Density: d¡O 0.789 It is widely used in the laboratory and in industry as a solvent for resins, fats and oils. It also finds use in the manufacture of denatured a1cohol, in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics (lotions, perfumes), as a chemica1 intermediate and as a fuel, either alone or in mixtures with gasolIne. Beer, wine and spirits also contain volatile and nonvolatile flavour compounds. Although the term 'volatile compound' is rather diffuse, most of the compounds that occur in alcoholIc beverages can be grouped according to whether they are distiled with a1cohol and steam, or not.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effects of Combining Guaiacol and Syringol on Their Pyrolysis
    Holzforschung, Vol. 66, pp. 323–330, 2012 • Copyright © by Walter de Gruyter • Berlin • Boston. DOI 10.1515/HF.2011.165 The effects of combining guaiacol and syringol on their pyrolysis Mohd Asmadi, Haruo Kawamoto * and Shiro Saka methods, lignin pyrolysis has been studied based on iso- Graduate School of Energy Science , Kyoto University, lated lignins (Martin et al. 1979 ; Obst 1983 ; Evans et al. Kyoto , Japan 1986 ; Saiz -Jimenez and De Leeuw 1986 ; Faix et al. 1987 ; Genuit et al. 1987 ; Meier and Faix 1992 ; Greenwood et al. * Corresponding author. 2002 ; Hosoya et al. 2007, 2008a,b ; Nakamura et al. 2008 ) Graduate School of Energy Science, Kyoto University, and model compounds (Domburg et al. 1974 ; Bre ž n ý et al. Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 1983 ; Saiz -Jimenez and De Leeuw 1986 ; Kawamoto et al. Phone/Fax: + 81-75-753-4737 E-mail: [email protected] 2006, 2007, 2008a,b ; Kawamoto and Saka 2007 ; Nakamura et al. 2007, 2008 ; Watanabe et al. 2009 ). Hardwood lignins are known to include both the syringyl (3,5-dimethoxy-4- Abstract hydroxyphenyl)-type (shortly S) and the guaiacyl (4-hydroxy- 3-methoxyphenyl)-type aromatic rings (shortly G), whereas Pyrolysis of guaiacol/syringol mixtures was studied in an softwood lignins contain mainly the G-type units. These dif- ° ferences infl uence the pyrolytic reactivity of hardwoods and ampoule reactor (N 2 /600 C/40 – 600 s) to understand the reactivities of the aromatic nuclei in hardwood lignins. By softwoods (Di Blasi et al. 2001a,b ; Gr ø nli et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin for Sustainable Bioproducts and Biofuels
    Demirel, J Biochem Eng Bioprocess Technol 2017, 1:1 Journal of Biochemical Engineering & Bioprocess Technology Editorial a SciTechnol journal and substituted phenols as opposed to methoxy-phenols [7,8]. Type of Lignin for Sustainable particle size of biomass, pyrolysis temperature, reactor type (fluidized bed, ablative, vacuum, and auger), type of condensers (direct and Bioproducts and Biofuels indirect contact) can affect the composition of bio-oil [2,5]. Water Yaşar Demirel* soluble and organic phases are separated as two main streams out of condenser [9]. After condensing the vapor bio-oil is produced with a yield of up to 65 to 75% on a dry basis. Typical bio-oil consists of Keywords (wt% db, except water) acids (3-7), alcohols (1<), aldehydes, ketones, and furans (22-27), sugars (3-6), phenols (2-6), lignin derived fraction Lignin; Bioproducts; Biofuel; Sustainable energy (15-25), and extractives (4-6) [5]. Feedstocks with high extractives content and/or high ash content commonly produce an aqueous Introduction phase, an upper layer, and a decanted heavy oily phase. Bio-oil can be considered a micro emulsion in which the continuous phase is an To meet the goal of replacing 30% of fossil fuel by biofuels around aqueous solution of holocellulose decomposition products and small 2030, approximately 225 million tons of lignin will soon be produced molecules from lignin decomposition. The continuous liquid phase beside the current production of between 40 and 50 million tons per stabilizes a discontinuous phase that contains of pyrolytic lignin year in the paper and pulp industry in the U.S. Yet only about 2% of the macromolecules [2].
    [Show full text]
  • 191222 191222.Pdf (423.8Kb)
    1 A GC-MS based analytical method for detection of smoke taint associated phenols in 2 smoke affected wines. 3 4 Davinder Pal Singh†*, Ayalsew Zerihun #, David Kelly#, Nicole Marie Cain†, Peter 5 Nankervisŧ and Mark Oliver Downey† 6 † 7 Department of Primary Industries Victoria, Mildura, Victoria, 3502, Australia # 8 Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Margaret River 9 Education Campus, Margaret River, WA, 6285, Australia 10 Ŧ Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd, 347, Burwood Highway, Forest Hill 11 Victoria, 3131, Australia 12 13 * Corresponding author: Dr. Davinder Singh, Department of Primary Industries 14 Victoria Mildura Centre, PO Box 905 Mildura, Vic. 3502, Australia. Fax: +61 3 5051 15 4523; email: [email protected] 16 17 Email addresses: [email protected] 18 [email protected] 19 [email protected] 20 [email protected] 21 [email protected] 22 23 [email protected] 24 25 26 1 27 ABSTRACT 28 Guaiacol and 4-methylguaiacol are routinely used as markers to determine extent of 29 smoke impact on winegrapes and wines. However, smoke contains a complex group 30 of compounds which may contribute to smoke taint in winegrapes and wine. In this 31 study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) based analytical method 32 was developed and validated for the profiling of various smoke taint compounds in 33 wines made from smoke affected fruit. A total of 22 analytes were separated and 34 identified in the GC-MS chromatogram, all of which were selected to evaluate the 35 samples and precision of the method.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Developments in Identification of Genuine Odor- and Taste-Active Compounds in Foods
    Recent Developments in Identification of Genuine Odor- and Taste-Active Compounds in Foods Edited by Remedios Castro-Mejías and Enrique Durán-Guerrero Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Foods www.mdpi.com/journal/foods Recent Developments in Identification of Genuine Odor- and Taste-Active Compounds in Foods Recent Developments in Identification of Genuine Odor- and Taste-Active Compounds in Foods Editors Remedios Castro-Mej´ıas Enrique Dur´an-Guerrero MDPI Basel Beijing Wuhan Barcelona Belgrade Manchester Tokyo Cluj Tianjin • • • • • • • • • Editors Remedios Castro-Mej´ıas Enrique Duran-Guerrero´ Analytical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Universidad de Cadiz´ Department Puerto Real University of Cadiz Spain Puerto Real Spain Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Foods (ISSN 2304-8158) (available at: www.mdpi.com/journal/foods/special issues/Recent Developments Identification Genuine Odor- Taste-Active Compounds Foods). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Volume Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-0365-1668-4 (Hbk) ISBN 978-3-0365-1667-7 (PDF) © 2021 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation and Products Characterization of Mango Seed Shell and Kernel Conventional Pyrolysis
    EVALUATION AND PRODUCTS CHARACTERIZATION OF MANGO SEED SHELL AND KERNEL CONVENTIONAL PYROLYSIS Thesis By JUAN CAMILO MAHECHA RIVAS Presented in the Engineering Faculty of Universidad de los Andes In fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of CHEMICAL ENGINEER Approved by: Advisor, Rocio Sierra Ramírez, Ph.D. Chemical Engineering Department Bogotá, Colombia January 2020 Evaluation and products characterization of mango seed shell and kernel conventional pyrolysis Juan C. Mahecha-Rivas Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia GENERAL OBJECTIVE To characterize mango seed’s conventional pyrolysis products at optimal conditions for further valorization SPECIFICS OBJECTIVES - To evaluate the influence of temperature of conventional pyrolysis in bio-oil, biochar and biogas yields - To compare the pyrolysis’s yields from kernel, shell and kernel/shell mixture fed. - To characterize biochar, bio-oil, and biogas from mango seed’s kernel and shell pyrolysis - To determine the feasibility of mango seed bio-oil as a biodiesel precursor or additive i TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Methods .......................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Materials and sample preparation
    [Show full text]
  • Lignin from Bark As a Resource for Aromatics Production by Hydrothermal Liquefaction
    Received: 24 April 2018 | Revised: 25 July 2018 | Accepted: 3 August 2018 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12562 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Lignin from bark as a resource for aromatics production by hydrothermal liquefaction Julia Schuler1 | Ursel Hornung1 | Nicolaus Dahmen1 | Jörg Sauer1 Institute for Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Abstract Technology (KIT), Eggenstein‐ Biorefineries, which are using mostly unused side streams of other existing pro- Leopoldshafen, Germany cesses like bark or lignin, have a huge potential to open new resources, for exam- Correspondence ple, chemicals. But with new resources new challenges will be met along the Julia Schuler, Institute for Catalysis way. These challenges must be addressed and discussed to build a solid and far‐ Research and Technology, Karlsruhe sighted process. This work focuses on the formation of monocyclic compounds Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein‐ Leopoldshafen, Germany. like catechol as a valuable product during the hydrothermal liquefaction of beech Email: [email protected] wood bark as well as Kraft lignin from pine wood like Indulin AT. The focus is Funding information to get a better knowledge of the behavior of bark during hydrothermal liquefac- Ministry of Science, Research and the tion for depolymerization aiming at the production of aromatic building blocks Arts of Baden‐Württemberg, Grant/Award for chemicals. Therefore, the influence, for example, of temperature and reaction Number: 200007 time, the chemical reaction pathways, and the therefore necessary analytics need to be understood. Several limitations and challenges of common analytical meth- ods are discussed and compared for bark and Kraft lignin, which is relatively well investigated and can act as a reference material to build a common ground and make it possible to build standards for all bioeconomic processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesives from Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 5-2017 Production of Phenol-formaldehyde Adhesives from Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil Angela M. Akude Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd Part of the Biological Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Akude, Angela M., "Production of Phenol-formaldehyde Adhesives from Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil" (2017). All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 5612. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5612 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRODUCTION OF PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE ADHESIVES FROM CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OIL by Angela M. Akude A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Biological Engineering Approved: ______________________ ____________________ Foster Agblevor, Ph.D. Ronald Sims, Ph.D. Major Professor Committee Member ______________________ ____________________ Yujie Sun, Ph.D. Mark McLellan, Ph.D. Committee Member Vice President for Research and Dean of the School of Graduate Studies UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, Utah 2017 ii Copyright © Angela M. Akude 2017 All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Production of Phenol-formaldehyde Adhesives from Catalytic Pyrolysis Oil by Angela M. Akude, Master of Science Utah State University, 2017 Major Professor: Dr. Foster Agblevor Department: Biological Engineering Phenol-formaldehyde adhesives are important adhesives known to have superior water resistance capacity and high mechanical strength when utilized in wood-based applications. Due to unsustainability and environmental issues associated with the use of fossil fuels, there is an urgent need to look for alternative raw materials, which are renewable in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancement of Chemical Products in Bio-Crude-Oil from Lignocellulosic Residues – Effects of Biomass Type, Temperature, Pre-Treatment and Catalysts
    Enhancement of Chemical Products in Bio-Crude-Oil from Lignocellulosic Residues – Effects of Biomass Type, Temperature, Pre-treatment and Catalysts. Dissertation Zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades vorgelegt von Akeem Mayowa Azeez Hamburg 2011 Universität Hamburg Fakultät für Mathematik Informatik und Naturwissenschaften Zentrum für Holzwirtschaft ii I hereby declare that this research work was carried out by me, Azeez Mayowa Akeem, at the University of Hamburg (Institute of Wood Science) in collaboration with Wood Chemistry/Chemical Technology Unit of Johann-Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Hamburg, between April 2008 and March 2011. And that all experiments and analyses herein reported were carried out at the Wood Chemistry/Chemical Technology Unit of Johann-Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Bergedorf, Hamburg. Supervisors: PD Dr. habil Juergen Odermatt Dr. rer. nat. Dipl.-Holzwirt Dietrich Meier (vTi, Hamburg) Prof. Dr. Ing. Thomas Willner (Hamburg University of Applied Science) iii Acknowledgement My special thanks goes to Dr. Dietrich Meier for supervising this work and his persistent words of encouragement. The unwavering support, trust and useful suggestions from my official supervisor, in person of Dr. Jürgen Odermatt, are greatly appreciated. I am equally grateful to Prof. Ing. Thomas Willner, who is instrumental to my sojourn to Hamburg and at the same time offered to co-supervise this research. The trio have contributed immensely to the successful completion of this program with enriched ideas, thorough supervision coupled with love. Their charming disposition is worthy of emulation. I will ever remain grateful. My interaction in the course of this work was unrestricted in all units within the Institute, largely due to open arms and affections of all workers.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterizing and Predicting the Antimicrobial Properties of Lignin Derivatives
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering 2020 CHARACTERIZING AND PREDICTING THE ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LIGNIN DERIVATIVES Ryan Kalinoski University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8774-275X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2020.455 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kalinoski, Ryan, "CHARACTERIZING AND PREDICTING THE ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LIGNIN DERIVATIVES" (2020). Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering. 76. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/76 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]