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Warisan Kebangsaan 2015 Warisan Kebangsaan 2015 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 NO ISBN : 978-983-3862-35-1 Diterbitkan oleh : Jabatan Warisan Negara, 2015 ©Hakcipta terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mencetak semula, mengeluarkan mana-mana bahagian dalam buku ini dalam apa jua bentuk sama ada secara elektronik, mekanikal, termasuk fotokopi dan rakaman atau dengan apa jua cara sebelum mendapat izin bertulis daripada Jabatan Warisan Negara. kandungan COntents TAPAK WARISAN: 4 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN 1 BANGUNAN/MONUMEN 2 TAPAK WARISAN: ARKEOLOGI 9 3 OBJEK WARISAN KETARA 15 OBJEK WARISAN: 33 SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN 4 BAHASA DAN PERSURATAN OBJEK WARISAN: BUSANA, TEKSTIL, 36 5 SENI HIAS DIRI DAN KRAF1 PERMAINAN TRADISI 49 6 DAN PERTAHANAN DIRI OBJEK WARISAN: 57 7 SENI PERSEMBAHAN 8 OBJEK WARISAN: ADAT 60 9 OBJEK WARISAN: MAKANAN 64 10 ORANG HIDUP 86 3 TAPAK WARISAN: BANGUNAN/ MONUMEN 4 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN BANGUNAN PEJABAT DAERAH DAN TANAH LARUT, MATANG DAN SELAMA SEJaraH pembangunan bandar Taiping bermula dengan penghijrahan masyarakat daripada pelbagai bangsa ke bandar ini pada penghujung abad ke-19 kerana tarikan aktiviti perlombongan bijih timah dan kewujudan ladang getah di Tanah Melayu. Kemasukan pelbagai etnik dan ras telah memperkenalkan pelbagai bentuk seni bina di kawasan Taiping terutama di pusat bandar. Pada tahun 1895, pembinaan bangunan pejabat kerajaan yang baru telah dimulakan untuk menggantikan bangunan lama pejabat daerah yang dibina pada tahun 1883. Bangunan baru ini dibina mengikut rekabentuk bangunan Victoria dengan memuatkan sebuah Dewan Majlis Orang Ramai, Pejabat untuk Sekretariat, Pejabat Perbendaharaan, Pejabat Audit, Pejabat Pendidikan serta Jabatan Perhutanan. Bangunan ini siap dibina pada tahun 1897 dan mula beroperasi pada tahun 1898. Hari ini, bangunan tersebut adalah premis Pejabat Daerah dan Tanah Larut, Matang dan Selama yang terletak di Taiping, Perak. 5 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN MASJID SULTAN ALAUddIN MASJID ini diasaskan oleh Almarhum Sultan (Sir) Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah Ibni Almarhum Raja Muda Musa Sultan Selangor kelima pada tahun 1918 dan siap sepenuhnya pada 1925. Terletak di mukim Bandar, Jugra dalam daerah Kuala Langat. Juga dikenali sebagai Masjid Bandar atau Masjid Alauddin. Reka bentuk masjid ini menampilkan ciri-ciri reka bentuk Timur Tengah dengan pengaruh seni bina Moghul yang dapat dilihat pada bahagian kubah masjid . Perkara menarik tentang masjid ini ialah ruang terbuka seperti yang terdapat di masjid-masjid di Timur Tengah. Ia juga dikatakan menerima pengaruh seni bina Kerajaan Deli di Medan, Sumatera Utara yang dapat dilihat pada ukiran-ukiran kayu yang menjadi hiasan sebahagian dinding dan syiling di bahagian dalam masjid. Ciri-ciri lain yang menarik tentang masjid ini adalah pada tiang seri dan seni ukir dinding serta mimbarnya yang unik kerana diperbuat daripada kayu yang bermutu tinggi serta tahan lama. 6 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN MASJID HILIRAN MASJID Hiliran yang terletak kira-kira 3 km dari Bandar Kuala Terengganu merupakan salah sebuah masjid tertua di Negeri Terengganu Masjid ini juga dikenali dengan nama Masjid Haji Mat Kaya. Beliaulah yang membiayai pembinaan masjid ini pada tahun 1925. Sejarah awal Sekolah Menengah Agama Khairiah bermula di masjid ini. Sekolah Menengah Agama Khairiah diasaskan pada 8 September 1942 di beranda Masjid Hiliran. Majlis perasmiannya telah dilakukan oleh DYMM Sultan Sulaiman pada hari Jumaaat 5hb. Mac 1943. Keunikan masjid ini kerana atapnya berbeza dengan reka bentuk utama masjid di rantau nusantara yang berunsur potong bawah (kubah), sebaliknya ia berasaskan bentuk bumbung limas potong perak iaitu salah satu seni bina Melayu terkenal. Keunikan lain yang terdapat di Masjid Hiliran ini ialah kewujudan sebuah perigi yang dikenali sebagai Telaga Mandi Gajah Putih yang dipercayai dibina semasa pemerintahan Sultan Zainal Abidin III (1881-1918). Pembinaan telaga ini dikatakan bertujuan untuk memandikan Gajah Putih kepunyaan Sultan Zainal Abidin III yang telah dihadiahkan oleh Raja Siam, Raja Chulalongkorn sebagai tanda persahabatan. 7 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN MUZIUM NEGARA TAPAK bangunan Muzium Negara ini merupakan bekas bangnan Muzium Selangor yang dibina pada tahun 1906. Namun, semasa Perang Dunia II, bahagian kanan Muzium Selangor ini musnah terkena bom. Setelah perang tamat, Muzium Selangor terpaksa diruntuhkan. Menjelang kemerdekaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu, Perdana Menteri, Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj telah mengilhamkan agar sebuah Muzium Negara dibina bagi menempatkan khazanah warisan sejarah, kebudayaan serta spesimen flora dan fauna negara. Arkitek Ho Kok Hoe telah menghasilkan reka bentuk bangunan Muzium Negara ini berdasarkan bentuk seni bina istana raja-raja Melayu dan dihiasi dengan motif Melayu. Ia mula dibina pada tahun 1959 dan siap sepenuhnya pada 31 Ogos 1963. Fasad hadapan kiri dan kanan bangunan ini dihiasi dengan mural yang diperbuat daripada kaca mozek Itali. Mural ini menggambarkan penceritaan tentang sejarah dan kebudayaan masyarakat Malaysia. Bahagian lantai dewan tengah bangunan ini dihiasi dengan jubin khas sumbangan kerajaan Pakistan. Pihak UNESCO turut membantu dengan menghantar beberapa pakar permuziuman dari beberapa buah muzium terkenal dunia bagi memberi khidmat nasihat. Muzium Negara dirasmikan pembukaannya pada 31 Ogos 1963 oleh Yang di Pertuan Agong Ketiga, Tuanku Syed Putra Ibni Al-Marhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail. 8 TAPAK WARISAN: ARKEOLOGI 9 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN KOTA JOHOR LAMA KOTA Johor Lama juga dikenali sebagai Kota Batu. Kota ini telah dibina dengan arahan Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah II iaitu putera kepada Sultan Mahmud Syah I , Sultan Melaka terakhir. Melaka kecundang di tangan Portugis pada tahun 1511. Setelah Sultan Mahmud Syah I mangkat pada tahun1528, putera baginda ditabalkan menjadi Sultan dikenali sebagai Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah II lalu berpindah ke Johor dari Kampar dan mendirikan Kota Johor Lama. Pada masa pemerintahan baginda, beberapa pucuk meriam yang siap dengan pengawal-pengawal ditempatkan di tembok kota yang terletak di hujung Kota Batu tersebut, kerana kedudukannya yang strategik dalam pertahanan yang dapat memantau laluan kapal dari arah hulu dan hilir Sungai Johor. Tebing sungainya yang tinggi dan curam serta kedudukan sebuah lagi kota yang dikenali sebagai Kota Budak atau Kota Kubu berhampiran memberi kelebihan Kota Johor Lama memperkukuhkan lagi pemantauan dan keselamatan pertahanannya. Kota Johor Lama dapat bertahan selama 24 tahun walaupun menghadapi beberapa serangan daripada Portugis, namun akhirnya pada tahun 1564 semasa pemerintahan Sultan Alauddin Riayat Syah II, serangan tentera Acheh telah berjaya merobohkan pertahanannya. 10 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN merak yang sedang mengembangkan sayapnya, kuda, MEGALITIK PENGKALAN (batu tegak kemudi), ular dan gajah (batu tegak pedang / keris). Hiasan binatang air pula seperti ikan / katak KEMPAS (batu tegak kemudi), hiasan yang bersifat tumbuhan KAJIAN dan penyelidikan arkeologi megalitik di pula adalah suluran bunga (batu tegak kemudi). Semenanjung Malaysia pertama kali dilakukan oleh Kesemua imej ini asasnya dapat dikaitkan I.H.N Evans di tapak Pengkalan Kempas pada tahun dengan kepimpinan yang diwujudkan dalam bentuk 1919. Terdapat sekitar 15 batu granit sementara perlambangan dan jelas menunjukkan bagaimana tiga menhir utama serta batu laterit dalam keadaan pola hias ini mempunyai hubungan dengan adat berselerakan, condong dan rebah. Sewaktu ekskavasi yang diamalkan di Negeri Sembilan. Pada waktu dijalankan telah ditemui seramik glaze danbiru- yang sama terdapat juga pola hias yang mewakili putih, seladon, kaca pelbagai warna, alat batu dan zaman berlainan berdasarkan kepada ragam hias syiling. Lapisan tanah tidak menunjukkan sebarang seninya, sebagai contoh pada batu hidup berbentuk kesan gangguan sementara kesan pembakaran turut pedang terdapat hiasan yang mewakili zaman Klasik ditemui. Secara keseluruhan pentarikhan relatif tapak iaitu kala. la dalam pengertian ikonografi berperanan ini adalah sekitar abad 14-15 M. sebagai pengusir dan mengawal daripada gangguan Morfologi Megalitik yang wujud di Pengkalan kuasa jahat. Pada bahagian atasnya pula mempunyai Kempas, Negeri Sembilan dapat dibahagi kepada kalimah Allah yang jelas menunjukkan penerimaan dua aspek utama, iaitu pertama, Megalitik yang Islam telah dikenali oleh masyarakat semasa mempunyai bentuk kemudi, sudu (payung) dan pembuatannya dengan tidak melepaskan unsur- pedang (keris). Kedua, pola hias atau estetika pada batu unsur sebelumnya. Justeru, keberadaan batu hidup, ini dapat dibahagikan kepada dua unsur iaitu; alam dan kuburan Syeikh Ahmad Majnun berhampiran dan binatang yang diwakili hidupan langit, air dan daratan. batu bersurat menggambarkan peranan tempat Sementara pahatan figura binatang adalah imej burung tersebut yang sakral. 11 WARISAN KEBANGSAAN 2015 KEBANGSAAN WARISAN SENARAI PERISYTIHARAN cincin emas berukiran Dewa Visnu di atas garuda dan gambar cop PULAU KALUMPANG mohor dalam tulisan Pallava, Sanskrit. Jumpaan ini merupakan bukti akan kewujudan petempatan maritim masyarakat zaman TAPAK ini terletak di kawasan paya bakau di Pulau Kalumpang. proto-sejarah di kepulauan ini dan ianya terletak di perairan lalulan Penyelidikan pertamanya dijalankan oleh I.H.N. Evans dalam tahun perdagangan antarabangsa suatu ketika dahulu dan pelabuhan di 1920an
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