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Bunker Delivery Modalities LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities LNG Bunkering Course Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 1 Overview of Section 3.3: Bunker Delivery Modalities • Types of Modalities • LNG Handling Equipment • Emergency Shutdowns • Summary and Conclusion 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 2 References • Nigel Draffin, An Introduction to LNG Bunkering, Petrospot, 2013, Chapter 53 Unless otherwise noted, all of the information in this section is based on the above publications, as well as the professional experiences of Capt. John Egan. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 3 1 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities LNG Fuel Process Example of Process Flow Source: LNG Onshore and Offshore Bunker Systems, Page 4 (Cryo AB, member of The Linde Group) 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 4 Bunker Delivery Modalities • Barge • Ship • Truck • ISO Container • Bunker Terminal – LNG Supplied by . Hoses . Hard Arms 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 5 Bunker Delivery Modalities Source: Gerhardt Muller 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 6 2 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Modalities • Bunker Ship or Small LNG Carrier: . Can be moored alongside anywhere in port. Transfer LNG by pressure or pumps. No physical restrictions on amount of LNG that can be stored on a bunker vessel. One bunker vessel can service more than one ship. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 7 Bunker Delivery Modalities • Bunker Ship or Small LNG Carrier: . Mirrors current oil bunkering process. Bunker vessel either self propelled or tug/barge. Least disruptive to vessel and dockside operations. Lowest commercial cost model. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 8 LNG Marine Supply Vessel 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 9 3 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Barge Source: http://hhpinsight.com/marine/2015/05/gtt-reports-progress-on-lng-bunker-barge/ February 2015: First dedicated LNG bunker barge for the marine market in North America. WesPac Midstream and its affiliate Clean Marine Energy 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 10 Bunker Delivery Modalities Bunker Requirements Bunker Capacity Small Ferry – 2 day endurance 65 m3 Bunker Capacity OSV – 7 day endurance 260 m3 Bunker Capacity 2500 TEU Container Ship 1,000 m3 Capacity One Tank truck 60 m3 LNG Source: Gerhardt Muller 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 11 Bunker Delivery Modalities • LNG Storage Pressure: . High pressure (<150 psig) tank relief valve setting. Used on current designs. Pressure build up allows long storage without venting. No vapor return during bunkering. Volumetrically inefficient and limited storage capacity. Source: TGE Marine Engineering, GmbH 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 12 4 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Modalities • LNG Storage Pressure: . Required for ships with high bunker capacities. Requires means to handle boil-off. Vapor return required during bunkering. Volumetrically efficient. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 13 Bunker Delivery Modalities • Trucks: . Weight limited by road transport legislation. Approximately one hour required to transfer trailer load. Services smaller end of the LNG transfer market. Transfer can be attained by utilizing pressure differential between the tanker and ship. Multiple trailers can be unloaded simultaneously. Dependent upon LNG volume required and piping arrangement. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 14 Bunker Delivery Modalities • Containerized: . 20 or 40 foot containers/Type C LNG Tank. Similar to road tanker inside a container shaped steel frame. Many road transport operations now use LNG containers on flat bed trucks rather than custom built road tankers. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 15 5 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Modalities • Containerized: . LNG can be provided and stored by such “cassette” type cell systems. Whole containers lifted or driven on board. Connected to fuel LNGTrainer, Ltd. system. Empty tanks would be disconnected and removed. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 16 Bunker Delivery Modalities • 40' LNG ISO Tank Container: . IMDG container to use existing container infrastructure: . IGC compliant Type C tank to allow use onboard as shipboard fuel bunker. Well insulated to ensure long holding time. Dry break-away coupling to prevent LNG spill in case of accidental removal from the container stack. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 17 Bunker Delivery Modalities . Up to 20 pieces 40' LNG fuel tank containers in three stacks over the engine room. LNG container hose connections in cell guides. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 18 6 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Modalities • Container Feeder 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 19 Bunker Delivery Modalities • Also Used for Supply of LNG Fuel to Gas Consumers. • Pressurization of Tank Vapor Space: . Used in LNG tank trucks. Portion of the LNG liquid is vaporized, heated and returned to the tank vapor space increasing tank pressure, forcing liquid out of the discharge line located in the liquid phase. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 20 Bunker Delivery Modalities . Only possible in Type C tanks with high relief valve setting. Discharge head is limited by the relief valve setting of the tank making it difficult to bunker high freeboard ships with bunkering station on deck. Generally requires tank penetration at the bottom of the tank which is problematic for tanks in ship’s holds. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 21 7 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Equipment Submerged Motor Pump Liquefied GasHandling Principles on Ships and , 3rdEdition, , 83 2000, page Source: McGuire and White, in Terminals 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 22 Bunker Delivery Equipment • Cryogenic Pumps: . Pump located at the bottom of the tank: . Submerged multi-stage centrifugal pumps. Can be used in all tank types. Able to pump LNG at higher discharge heads. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 23 Bunker Delivery Equipment • Cryogenic Pumps: . Requires backup means of discharge in case of pump failure: . Multiple pumps. Emergency pump column with foot valve allows the pump to be installed or withdrawn with liquid in tank. Pressure discharge. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 24 8 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Equipment • Cryogenic Hoses: . Large operating envelope to accommodate bunkering stations in a variety of locations. Preferred for current smaller gas fueled ships. Require proper support in service and protected storage. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 25 Bunker Delivery Equipment • Cryogenic Hoses: . Require periodic inspection and testing with uncertain life expectancy. Earlier designs used corrugated metal and were subject to mechanical damage and corrosion. Currents designs use Kevlar reinforced Mylar and are robust. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 26 Bunker Delivery Equipment This image cannot currently be displayed. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 27 9 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Equipment This image cannot currently be displayed. • Loading Arms: . Have restricted operating envelope. Robust and reliable with higher transfer capacity. This image cannot currently be displayed. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 28 Bunker Delivery Equipment • Dry Break Couplings: . Used for connection to ship’s manifold. Designed to minimize the release of methane gas during disconnect. Eliminates the need for inerting and purging before and after disconnect. Used in LNG tank truck and rail cars – limited marine service. Current maximum diameter is 6 inches or less. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 29 Bunker Delivery Equipment Typical Dry Break Coupling This image cannot currently be displayed. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 30 10 LNG Bunkering Course – Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery 2015 Modalities Bunker Delivery Equipment • Break Away Couplings: . Installed as a weak link in LNG transfer systems to minimize spillage in the event of excessive movement. Primarily used on LNG tank trucks for LNG transfer hoses – limited marine service. 2015 LNG Bunkering Course: Section 3.3 – Bunker Delivery Modalities 31 Bunker Delivery Equipment • Break Away Couplings: . Can be installed on loading arms; however, Powered Emergency Release
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