ANUARUL MUZEULUI LITERATURII ROMÂNE IAȘI Anul VII, 2014

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ANUARUL MUZEULUI LITERATURII ROMÂNE IAȘI Anul VII, 2014 ANUARUL MUZEULUI LITERATURII ROMÂNE IAȘI Anul VII, 2014 Editura Muzeelor Literare Iași – 2015 ANUARUL MUZEULUI LITERATURII ROMÂNE IAŞI YEARBOOK OF THE IAȘI MUSEUM OF ROMANIAN LITERATURE Redacţia/ Editorial Board: Dan Jumară (redactor coordonator/ Editor in chief) Iulian Pruteanu (secretar de redacţie/ Editorial secretary) Monica Salvan Andreea Tacu Responsabilitatea pentru corectitudinea şi obiectivitatea ştiinţifică a materialelor inserate în volum aparţine fiecărui autor în parte. The authors are responsible for the scientific content of the articles included in this volume. Pe copertă: Charles Doussault, Une soirée chez le Prince regnant à Iassy (1848). Anuarul Muzeului Literaturii Române Iași, anul VII, 2014 cuprins Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu, Primii Ipsilanţi de la Curtea domnilor Moldovei / 7 Dan Jumară, Tipărituri vechi româneşti – contribuţie la BRV / 18 Maria Danilov, Cărţile lui Ioan Sârbu (1830-1868) în colecţiile din Chişinău şi valoarea lor bibliofilă / 21 Lăcrămioara Manea, Cărți ale familiei Sturdza în colecțiile Institutului de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale „Gavrilă Simion” Tulcea / 32 Mircea-Cristian Ghenghea, Istorie şi memorie. Posteritatea domnitorului Mihail Sturdza în monumente şi simboluri publice / 58 Cécile Folschweiller, Philosophie et nation. Les Roumains entre question nationale et pensée occidentale à la fin du XIXe siècle / 82 Vlad Popovici, Romanian Political Journals from Transylvania and Hungary and their Lawsuits (1867-1914) / 93 Mircea Coloșenco, Semn, semnificație, simbol în tradiția populară (Frăția-de-cruce, Sărutul păcii, Zile nefaste) / 110 Dan Lungu, Despre consumul cultural în România postcomunistă / 116 Florica Ciodaru-Courriol, L’incommode statut du traducteur de langues rares / 126 rezidențe FILIT pentru traducători străini Vasile Alecsandri, Travels in Africa (1853-7) Traducere de Alexander-John Drace-Francis / 131 abrevieri / 149 autori / 151 Muzeul Literaturii Române Iași • www.muzeulliteraturiiiasi.ro www.emliasi.ro • Editura Muzeelor Literare Yearbook of the Iași Museum of Romanian Literature, vol. VII, 2014 table of contents Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu, The First Ipsilanti at the Court of Moldavia / 7 Dan Jumară, Old Romanian Prints – Contribution to BRV / 18 Maria Danilov, The Books of Ioan Sârbu (1830-1868) in the Collections from Chișinău and their Bibliophilic Value / 21 Lăcrămioara Manea, Books from the Sturdza Family in the Collections of “Gavrilă Simion” Eco-Museum Research Institute of Tulcea / 32 Mircea-Cristian Ghenghea, History and Memory. Mihail Sturdza’s Posterity Reflected in Public Monuments and Symbols / 58 Cécile Folschweiller, Philosophy and Nation. The Romanians between the National Issue and the Western Thinking at the End of the 19th Century / 82 Vlad Popovici, Romanian Political Journals from Transylvania and Hungary and their Lawsuits (1867-1914) / 93 Mircea Coloșenco, Sign, Meaning and Symbol in Popular Tradition (Frăția-de-cruce, Sărutul păcii, Zile nefaste) / 110 Dan Lungu, Cultural Consumption in Post-Communist Romania / 116 Florica Ciodaru-Courriol, The Uncomfortable Status of Translators of Rare Languages / 126 FILIT residences for foreign translators Vasile Alecsandri, Travels in Africa (1853-7) Translated by Alexander-John Drace-Francis / 131 abbreviations / 149 authors / 151 Iași Museum of Romanian Literature • www.muzeulliteraturiiiasi.ro www.emliasi.ro • Literary Museums Publishing House Primii Ipsilanţi de la Curtea domnilor Moldovei* Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu Începând din cea de a doua jumătate a veacului al XVI-lea, în special cu rosturi negustoreşti ori militare, pe teritoriul Ţărilor Române şi-au făcut simţită prezenţa numeroase personaje cu origini greco-levantine. Mulţi dintre ei, în urma unor căsătorii cu membri ai familiilor autohtone, s-au împământenit şi, pe durata câtorva decenii, au devenit principala categorie socială din care erau selectaţi membrii Divanului ţării, situaţie care a stârnit oprobriul şi atitudinile antigreceşti ale boierilor pământeni marginalizaţi. Acest fapt s-a generalizat spre finele veacului al XVII-lea şi în tot secolul următor, când domnii numiţi de Poartă se înconjurau de rubedeniile lor din familii cu origini greceşti precum Cantacuzino, Ruset, Palade, Catargiu, Razu, Hrisoscoleu, Lambrino, Mavrodin etc., despre care cronicarii moldoveni ai vremii au umplut pagini întregi de ironii, batjocuri, etichetări, stigmatizări şi de reflecţii dispreţuitoare1. Printre grecii de la Curtea domnilor Moldovei din prima jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea s-au numărat şi doi reprezentanţi ai familiei Ipsilanti, Constantin * Această lucrare a fost finanţată din contractul POSDRU/89/1.5/S/62259, proiect strategic „Ştiinţe socio-umane şi politice aplicative. Program de pregătire postdoctorală şi burse postdoctorale de cercetare în domeniul ştiinţelor socio-umane şi politice”, cofinanţat din Fondul Social European, prin Programul Operaţional Sectorial Dezvoltarea Resurselor Umane 2007-2013. 1 Ion Neculce scria că: „aşea socotesc eu cu firea mea aceasta proastă: cându a vrea Dumnezeu să facă să nu fie rugină pe fier şi turci la Ţarigrad să nu fie, şi lupii să nu mânânce oile în lume, atunci poate nu vor fi nici greci în Moldova şi în Ţara Munteniască, nici or fi boiari, nici or putea mânca aceste doao ţări cum le mânâncă […]. Focul îl stângi, apa o ezăşti şi o abaţi pe altă parte, vântul când bate, te dai în laturi, întrâ-un adăpost şi te odihneşti, soarele intră în nor, noaptea cu întunerecul trece şi să face iar lumină; iar la grec milă sau omenie, sau dreptate, sau nevicleşug, nici unele de acestea nu sunt, sau frica lui Dumnezeu” (Opere. Letopiseţul Ţării Moldovei şi O samă de cuvinte, ediţie critică şi studiu introductiv de Gabriel Ştrempel, Bucureşti, 1982, p. 301), iar Nicolai Muste, referindu-se la prima domnie a lui Nicolae Mavrocordat în Moldova, relata că „limba românească nesciindu totu cu tălmaciu grăia. Cu mulţime de greci au venitu, câtu rămăsese Feneriul pustiu în Ţarigrad, câtu numai muierile loru rămăsese; iară grecu, îmblai multu până dai de vre unul acolo. Iară aice, sosindu, împlut-au curtea domnească, prin toate odăile şi prin tărgu pre la gazde. Nicolai vodă sosindu în Iaşi, la scaunul domniei, au pusu boieri mari pre unii şi din pământeni; ce numai căci se numeau oieri, dară nici o cinste nu aveau; nici în casă la domnu nu intrau, măcar ce treabă aru fi avăndu până nu-şi luau răspunsu pre vre unu grecu […]. Cum şi banii ce se strângeau din ţară, totu la mâna greciloru se strângeau, iar nu la vistieria ţărâi…” (Letopiseţul Ţerei Moldovei de la domnia lui Istratie Dabija v.v. până la a treia domnie a lui Mihai Racoviă v.v., în Cronicele României, editate de Mihai Kogălniceanu, vol. III, Bucureşti, 1874, p. 41). 7 şi fiul său Enache, personaje care, aşa cum vom arăta în studiu de faţă, dedicat lor, nu au căutat să rămână definitiv în ţara în care au trăit şi activat vreme de câteva decenii, ci şederea lor aici a fost temporară, impusă atât de interesele personale, cât şi de contextul socio-politic al epocii. Potrivit lui I.C. Filitti, Ipsilanţii erau originari din Trebizonda, iar numele lor provenea de la satul Pontus Ipsala (vechiul Ipsilis)2. Primul reprezentant al familiei a fost, se pare, Chiriac din Trebizonda, trăitor pe la 1613, din ai cărui fii, Hagi-Savuli, Dimitrie şi Ioan3, s-au răspândit numeroşi descendenţi, cu rosturi negustoreşti ori politice, în toată zona Balcanică, până în Ţările Române. Dintre copiii lui Hagi Ioan Ipsilanti, un rol politic însemnat au jucat Manolache, ajuns chiurci-başa şi capuchehaie a domnilor români din prima jumătate a secolului al XVIII-lea, ucis la Constantinopol din porunca sultanului în anul 17374, şi Constantin, care, ajutat de relaţiile fratelui său, s-a stabilit şi activat în Ţările Române, personajul nostru, primul dintre Ipsilanţii ce au slujit domnilor moldoveni. Informaţiile referitoare la familia lui Constantin Ipsilanti sunt inexistente în documentele noastre, iar descendenţa destul de incertă. Numele soţiei sale nu ne este cunoscut, însă ştim cu siguranţă că la Constantinopol a avut împreună cu aceasta mai mulţi copii. Numele lor se regăsesc într-un arbore realizat de Mihai Dim. Sturdza în dicţionarul său referitor la istoria şi genealogia marilor familii greceşti5. Conform acestuia, Constantin a avut trei fete, Casandra, măritată cu marele postelnic Diamandi Razos, Smaranda, soţia marelui ban Gheorghe Moruzi, Teodora, căsătorită cu Ştefan Racoviţă, viitorul principe muntean şi doi băieţi, Manuel, ajuns mare logofăt al Ţării Româneşti şi Ioan, ajuns mare dragoman al Porţii, căsătorit cu Smaranda Mamona. Conform aceleiaşi spiţe, acesta din urmă a fost părintele Alexandru Vodă Ipsilanti, bunic lui Constantin Vodă şi străbunic cunoscutului membru al mişcării eteriste, numit tot Alexandru6. Din păcate genealogistul nu ne oferă şi sursele informării sale, fapt pentru care datele din arborele citat nu pot fi probate în nici un fel, verificări ce ar fi necesare atâta vreme cât unele dintre ele sunt contrazise de izvoare narative contemporane. Astfel, dacă despre Manuel nu ştim nimic, iar Ioan ar putea fi acelaşi cu Enache agă, informaţiile privitoare la cele trei fiice sunt şi ele destul de neclare căci, 2 I.C. Filitti, Arhiva Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino, Bucureşti, 1919, p. 279. Vezi, pentru începuturile şi falsele genealogii ale familiei Ipsilanti, Dumitru Năstase, Originea imperială plăsmuită şi înrudirile româneşti autentice ale Ipsilanţilor, în ArhGen, II (VII), nr. 3-4, 1995, p. 57-64. 3 I.C. Filitti, Arhiva…, p. 279. 4 Ion Neculce, Letopiseţul..., p. 784-785. Cronica
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