DOCSLIB.ORG

Supplementary Table S2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Supplementary Table S2 Elevation as a selective force on mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes of the Phrynocephalus lizards in the Tibetan plateau #* # Yuanting JINa , Debora Y. C. BRANDTb , Jiasheng LIa, Yubin WOa, Haojie TONGa, Vladimir SHCHURc aCollege of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; bDepartment of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140,USA; cNational Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia. *Address correspondence to Yuanting Jin. E-mail: [email protected] #both authors contributed equally to this work Handling editor: Maria Servedio Received on 22 April, 2020; accepted on10 September, 2020 1 Online supplementary Table S1. The number of mtDNA and nDNA encoded proteins in each of the five respiratory chain complexes. Five mitochondrial respiratory chain Sum. compelxes I II III IV V mtDNA-encoded 7 0 1 3 2 13 proteins nDNA-encoded 37 4 9 16 18 84 proteins Total 44 4 10 19 20 97 2 Online supplementary Table S2. Sampling location and altitude of Phrynocephalus specimens. No. Altitude Species Longitude Latitude Specimen Locality (m) 1 Geermu, located at Western Qinghai-Xizang (Tibetan) Phrynocephalus vlangalii 95.03E 36.39N 2826 1-VLA Plateau 2 Phrynocephalus theobaldi 90.83E 29.38N 3617 2-THE Qushui County, Tibet 3 Phrynocephalus guinanensis 100.63E 35.66N 3238 3-GUI Sand dunes, Guinan county, Qinghai Province 4 Phrynocephalus putjatia 101.44E 36.02N 2280 4-PUT Nanhai temple in Guide county, Qinghai provience 5 Phrynocephalus forsythii 86.17E 41.39N 886 5-FOR Yuli county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 6 Phrynocephalus erythrurus 92.26E 34.93N 4541 6-ERY Tuotuo River region, Northern Qiangtang Plateau of Tibet 7 Phrynocephalus przewalskii 105.02E 37.47N 1301 7-PRZ Shapotou, Zhongwei city, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 8 Phrynocephalus versicolor 100.88E 41.98N 933 8-VER Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 9 Phrynocephalus frontalis 108.72E 40.75N 1067 9-FRO Urad Front Banner, Inner Mongolia 10 Hoxtolgay town, Mongolian Autonomous County of Phrynocephalus helioscopus 86.06E 46.45N 723 10-HEL Hoboksar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 11 Phrynocephalus mystaceus 80.79E 44.02N 602 11-MYS Tukai Desert, Huocheng County 12 Phrynocephalus axillaris 88.03E 38.98N 884 12-AXI Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 13 Phrynocephalus grumgrzimailoi 90.12E 44.34N 711 13-GRU Qitai county, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 14 Phrynocephalus guttatus 80.87E 43.98N 605 14-GAT Tukai Desert, Huocheng County 15 Phrynocephalus axillaris 94.33 39.96 1402 15-AXI2 Dunhuang, Gansu 3 4 Online supplementary Table S3. The list of 106 analysed genes and their likelihood ratios. No. Gene Respiratory Chain Complexes Likelihood ratio (I-V) or Complex assembling factors (AF) 1 ACAD9 AF 1.442098 2 ATP5F1A V 2.716534 3 ATP5F1B V 9.179776 4 ATP5F1C V -1.4E-05 5 ATP5F1D V 4.431594 6 ATP5IF1 V -0.160622 7 ATP5MC1 V 0.897124 8 ATP5MC2 V 1.241316 9 ATP5MC3 V 4.772246 10 ATP5ME V 1.17804 11 ATP5PB V 0.91995 12 ATP5PD V 5.212764 13 ATP5PO V 20.95332 14 ATPAF1 AF 7.849014 15 ATPAF2 AF 1.871712 16 BCS1L AF 14.660634 17 COA4 AF 2.905368 5 18 COA5 AF 0.145192 19 COA6 AF -7.2E-05 20 COA7 AF 0.044768 21 COX10 AF 0 22 COX11 AF 7.801726 23 COX14 AF 0 24 COX15 AF 6.196 25 COX17 AF -0.000324 26 COX18 AF 1.352526 27 COX19 AF -4.2E-05 28 COX20 AF 0.513916 29 COX4I1 IV 1.494504 30 COX4I2 IV 1.340188 31 COX5A IV 4.21896 32 COX5B IV 23.73244 33 COX6A1 IV 1.458144 34 COX6B1 IV 0.67178 35 COX6C IV 26.370904 36 COX7A2 IV 3.62978 37 COX7C IV 13.38482 38 CYC1 III 8.569892 6 39 ECSIT AF 7.231438 40 FOXRED1 AF 3.842736 41 NDUFA10 I 1.719368 42 NDUFA11 I 5.854786 43 NDUFA12 I 1.455992 44 NDUFA13 I -0.000278 45 NDUFA1 I 5.92429 46 NDUFA2 I 0.122382 47 NDUFA3 I 2.522642 48 NDUFA5 I 4.878656 49 NDUFA6 I -7.8E-05 50 NDUFA7 I -4E-06 51 NDUFA8 I 4.797908 52 NDUFA9 I -0.05999 53 NDUFAB1 I 10.703812 54 NDUFAF1 AF 0.237084 55 NDUFAF2 AF -2E-06 56 NDUFAF3 AF -0.000136 57 NDUFAF4 AF 0.0111 58 NDUFAF5 AF 0.467726 59 NDUFAF6 AF 1.18736 7 60 NDUFAF7 AF 0.305608 61 NDUFB10 I 3.50866 62 NDUFB11 I 6.584112 63 NDUFB1 I 1.967564 64 NDUFB2 I 2E-06 65 NDUFB3 I -0.25933 66 NDUFB4 I 11.422632 67 NDUFB5 I 15.300464 68 NDUFB6 I 6.992398 69 NDUFB7 I -6.6E-05 70 NDUFB8 I -0.000226 71 NDUFB9 I 10.76486 72 NDUFC1 I 0.080454 73 NDUFC2 I 21.147992 74 NDUFS1 I 8.202896 75 NDUFS2 I 11.820604 76 NDUFS3 I 5.31607 77 NDUFS4 I 1.90855 78 NDUFS5 I -2.2E-05 79 NDUFS6 I 2.204102 80 NDUFS7 I 44.36556 8 81 NDUFS8 I 5.278342 82 NDUFV1 I -0.000948 83 NDUFV2 I 3.583606 84 NDUFV3 I 3.152976 85 NUBPL AF 10.423886 86 SCO1 AF 5.448692 87 SCO2 AF 1.573884 88 SDHAF1 AF -2E-05 89 SDHAF2 AF -0.00018 90 SDHAF3 AF 5.939028 91 SDHAF4 AF 0.051624 92 SDHA II 3.51566 93 SDHB II 1.56985 94 SDHC II -6E-05 95 SDHD II 1.56985 96 SURF1 AF 0 97 TIMMDC1 AF 4.217812 98 UQCC1 AF 1.930944 99 UQCC2 AF 1.387358 100 UQCR10 III -0.803674 101 UQCR11 III 8.631014 9 102 UQCRB III 1.413218 103 UQCRC1 III 13.919878 104 UQCRC2 III -2.6E-05 105 UQCRFS1 III 1.465978 106 UQCRQ III 12.483544 Online supplementary Table S4. Delta elevations, proportions of positive selection codons, likelihood ratio, mean branch lengths of 28 branches of phylogenetic trees corresponding to Fig. 2 and 3. Branches Delta proportions of SUM of likelihood Mean branch elevations positive selection ration for 106 lengths codons genes 1 394.738600 59.831270 138.279716 .010045 2 -394.738500 49.177200 275.94743 .012062 3 -1333.457300 153.233640 14.602588 .003600 4 479.314900 106.628800 63.433342 .049400 5 14.082200 84.000390 10.018996 .005344 6 238.735500 49.194040 52.85351 .051645 7 215.616700 250.363000 11.93875 .003037 8 1387.875600 194.931150 11.231316 .001980 9 327.124400 .000000 -32.375638 .006622 10 10 679.492300 155.824840 28.996762 .008028 11 525.145600 .000000 -2.609876 .010126 12 432.854400 .000000 -14.10 .007248 13 -827.980200 .680800 41.788676 .007940 14 -274.339100 73.679370 228.213102 .012780 15 -21.055500 10.087000 36.80641 .017097 16 -164.332700 15.200320 172.07988 .053713 17 36.258300 20.221540 75.363822 .010370 18 -250.585600 7.875780 7.494168 .014926 19 267.414400 .000000 -3.950744 .005004 20 54.965700 .000000 12.58288 .010583 21 -195.018700 1.989490 15.97940 .010227 22 -73.289700 9.054800 7.87334 .022844 23 -117.738600 14.201350 6.82464 .011587 24 -94.566700 68.991930 0.694614 .015837 25 -15.532400 .873600 5.42174 .008989 26 218.467600 .000000 -11.103472 .003089 27 32.448900 .000000 -5.60367 .005297 28 73.551100 .000000 -12.544792 .011263 11 12 Online supplementary Table S5. Binary matrix for site-branch permutation analyses. - B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B10 B14 B15 B16 B17 B21 B22 B23 SUM C3117 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C3152 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C3548 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C3574 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C3613 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C3700 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 C3759 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 C3767 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 C3955 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C3956 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 C4180 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C4363 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C5098 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C6933 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C6938 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C6947 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C6950 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C6951 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C6953 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 13 C8151 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 C10098 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C10100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 C10385 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C10394 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C11252 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 C11253 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 C11254 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 C11255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 C11257 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 C11318 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C13293 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C13471 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C13487 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C13663 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C13666 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 C13689 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 C13693 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C13702 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C13724 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C13725 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 C13736 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 C13746 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 C13768 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 C13962 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14046 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C14077 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C14536 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C14542 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14555 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14557 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14560 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C14564 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C14572 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C14582 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14589 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14595 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14600 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14608 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C14621 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 C16502 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 3 C16504 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 C16507 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 C16511 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 15 C16515 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 C16518 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 C16521 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 C16533 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 C16539 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 C16544 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 C16545 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 C16546 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 C16548 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "Thoroughly Reforming Them Towards a Healthy Heart Attitude"
    By Adrian Zenz - Version of this paper accepted for publication by the journal Central Asian Survey "Thoroughly Reforming Them Towards a Healthy Heart Attitude" - China's Political Re-Education Campaign in Xinjiang1 Adrian Zenz European School of Culture and Theology, Korntal Updated September 6, 2018 This is the accepted version of the article published by Central Asian Survey at https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/02634937.2018.1507997 Abstract Since spring 2017, the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China has witnessed the emergence of an unprecedented reeducation campaign. According to media and informant reports, untold thousands of Uyghurs and other Muslims have been and are being detained in clandestine political re-education facilities, with major implications for society, local economies and ethnic relations. Considering that the Chinese state is currently denying the very existence of these facilities, this paper investigates publicly available evidence from official sources, including government websites, media reports and other Chinese internet sources. First, it briefly charts the history and present context of political re-education. Second, it looks at the recent evolution of re-education in Xinjiang in the context of ‘de-extremification’ work. Finally, it evaluates detailed empirical evidence pertaining to the present re-education drive. With Xinjiang as the ‘core hub’ of the Belt and Road Initiative, Beijing appears determined to pursue a definitive solution to the Uyghur question. Since summer 2017, troubling reports emerged about large-scale internments of Muslims (Uyghurs, Kazakhs and Kyrgyz) in China's northwest Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR). By the end of the year, reports emerged that some ethnic minority townships had detained up to 10 percent of the entire population, and that in the Uyghur-dominated Kashgar Prefecture alone, numbers of interned persons had reached 120,000 (The Guardian, January 25, 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • The Mongolian Local Knowledge on Plants Recorded in Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara-Khoto and Its ScientiC Value
    The Mongolian Local Knowledge on Plants Recorded in Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara-Khoto and Its Scientic Value Guixi Liu ( [email protected] ) IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-2714 Wurheng Wurheng IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Khasbagan Khasbagan IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Yanying Zhang IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Shirong Guo IMNU: Inner Mongolia Normal University Research Keywords: P. K. Kozlov, Expedition Record, Local Knowledge on plants, Mongolian Folk, Ethnobotany, Botanical History Posted Date: December 28th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-133605/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License The Mongolian local knowledge on plants recorded in Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara-Khoto and its scientific value Guixi Liu1*, Wurheng2, Khasbagan1,2,3*, Yanying Zhang1 and Shirong Guo1 1 Institute for the History of Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China. 3 Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Use of Colleges and Universities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. * the corresponding author 1 Abstract Background: There is a plentiful amount of local knowledge on plants hidden in the literature of foreign exploration to China in modern history. Mongolia and Amdo and the Dead City of Khara- Khoto (MAKK) is an expedition record on the sixth scientific expedition to northwestern China (1907-1909) initiated by P.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S1. the Species Information of Ferula Genus Used in This Study
    Table S1. The species information of Ferula genus used in this study. Specimen GenBank Latin name Sample source Sampling parts voucher accession 7-x-z-7-1 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792984 7-x-z-7-2 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792985 7-x-z-7-3 Jeminay County, Xinjiang leaves KF792986 7-x-z-7-4 Jeminay County,Xinjiang leaves KF792987 7-x-z-7-5 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792988 7-x-z-8-2 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792995 Ferula sinkiangensis 7-x-z-7-6 Yining County, Xinjiang roots KF792989 K.M.Shen 7-x-z-7-7 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792990 7-x-z-7-8 Jeminay County, Xinjiang leaves KF792991 7-x-z-7-9 Jeminay County, Xinjiang roots KF792992 7-x-z-7-10 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792993 7-x-z-8-1 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792994 13909 Shawan,County,Xinjiang roots KJ804121 7-x-z-3-2 Fukang County, Xinjiang leaves KF793025 7-x-z-3-5 Fukang County, Xinjiang leaves KF793027 Ferula fukanensis 7-x-z-3-4 Fukang County, Xinjiang leaves KF793026 K.M.Shen 7-x-z-3-1 Fukang County, Xinjiang roots KF793024 13113 Fukang County, Xinjiang roots KJ804103 13114 Fukang County, Xinjiang roots KJ804104 7-x-z-2-4 Toli County, Xinjiang roots KF793002 7-x-z-2-5 Toli County, Xinjiang leaves KF793003 7-x-z-2-6 Fuyun County, Xinjiang leaves KF793004 7-x-z-2-7 Fuyun County, Xinjiang leaves KF793005 7-x-z-2-8 Fuyun County, Xinjiang leaves KF793006 7-x-z-2-9 Toli County, Xinjiang leaves KF793007 Ferula ferulaeoides 7-x-z-2-10 Shihezi City, Xinjiang leaves KF793008 (Steud.) Korov.
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional-Executive Commission on China
    CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2008 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 31, 2008 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov VerDate Aug 31 2005 23:54 Nov 06, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\45233.TXT DEIDRE 2008 ANNUAL REPORT VerDate Aug 31 2005 23:54 Nov 06, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 6019 Sfmt 6019 U:\DOCS\45233.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2008 ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION OCTOBER 31, 2008 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE ★ 44–748 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Aug 31 2005 23:54 Nov 06, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\45233.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate SANDER LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman BYRON DORGAN, North Dakota, Co-Chairman MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio MAX BAUCUS, Montana TOM UDALL, New Mexico CARL LEVIN, Michigan MICHAEL M. HONDA, California DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota SHERROD BROWN, Ohio CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska EDWARD R. ROYCE, California SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas DONALD A.
    [Show full text]
  • V​Olume​ 20 • I​Ssue​ 12 • J​Uly​ 15, 2020 C​Hina​'​S
    VOLUME 20 • ISSUE 12 • JULY 15, 2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ SPECIAL THEME ISSUE: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ CHINA’S POLICIES TOWARDS ITS CONTINENTAL ASIAN PERIPHERY ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ IN THIS ISSUE: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ The Beidou Satellite Network and the “Space Silk Road” in Eurasia By John Dotson………………………………………………………pp. 2-8 ​ ​ Sterilizations, IUDs, and Mandatory Birth Control: The CCP’s Campaign to Suppress Uyghur Birth Rates in Xinjiang By Adrian Zenz…..…………………………………………………....pp. 9-21 ​ Beijing Asserts a More Aggressive Posture in Its Border Dispute with India By Sudha Ramachandran………………………………………….....pp. 22-28 ​ ​ The Security Component of the BRI in Central Asia, Part One: Chinese and Regional Perspectives on Security in Central Asia By Sergey Sukhankin…..……………………………………………..pp. 29-34 ​ Mongolia and the Belt and Road Initiative: The Prospects for the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor By Antonio Graceffo…………………………………………………..pp. 35-39 ​ Editor’s Note: This is a special theme issue of China Brief, focused on the policies adopted by the government of the ​ ​ People’s Republic of China (PRC) towards the regions on its continental Asian periphery—to include both China’s continental neighbors, as well as Central Asian border regions within the PRC itself. In this issue, Adrian Zenz offers an abridged version of a longer report published by Jamestown in late June, which details efforts by the Chinese government to forcibly suppress birth rates among Uyghurs and other ethnic minorities in the western region of Xinjiang. Sudha Ramachandran, a regular contributor to Jamestown on issues 1 ChinaBrief • Volume 20 • Issue 12 • July 15, 2020 ​ related to both terrorism and China, offers an assessment of the causes underlying the violent clashes between Indian and Chinese troops that occured in the Galwan Valley region in June.
    [Show full text]
  • Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
    Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: CHN35420 Country: China Date: 30 September 2009 Keywords: China – Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region – Uighurs – July 2009 riots – State protection – Women – Children – Employment – Separatist movements – Freedom of religion – Returnees – Rebiyeh Kadeer This response was prepared by the Research & Information Services Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. This research response may not, under any circumstance, be cited in a decision or any other document. Anyone wishing to use this information may only cite the primary source material contained herein. Questions 1. After the events of 5-7 July 2009 in Urumqi in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), how are Uighurs in XUAR being treated by Han Chinese residents and by the authorities? Are all Uighurs at risk of harm, or only those with certain profiles? 2. If Uighurs are being mistreated and discriminated against by Han Chinese because of their ethnicity, are the authorities taking measures to protect them? 3. Would a Uighur woman whose family members have a political profile relating to East Turkestan separatist movements and the 1962 demonstrations in Ghulja be at greater risk of harm? 4. How would the authorities treat an unemployed woman or girls if they were discovered praying at home or observing any other Muslim religious practice in private at home? 5. How would an unemployed woman or girls be treated if they were discovered going to the mosque or observing any other religious practice (eg celebrating Ramadan or Eid) in public? 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration, Identities and Cultural Change: History and Present Situation of the Santa People in Xinjiang, China*
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Apollo Journal of Cambridge Studies 73 Migration, Identities and Cultural Change: History and Present Situation of the Santa people in Xinjiang, China* Wenxiang CHEN Associate professor, Humanity College of Qinghai Normal University, PRC Email: [email protected] Abstract: Since the Qing dynasty, Santa people have been migrating to Xinjiang, and have subsequently become an important group there, both in terms of population and influence. This paper deals with the history of the four Santa immigration waves and the present situation of their ethnic, religious, and local identities. A deeper study of the cultural changes they have experienced follows, focusing on changes in language, traditional diets, marriages and religious beliefs. Finally, an analysis of the social transformations Santa communities have experienced is included, including views on the critical catalyst for Santa’s migrating to Xinjiang, the influence of the weakening of ethnic and cultural identities of them, ideas for the cultural changes in Santa communities of Xinjiang, and the further development of Santas in the future. Key Words: Santa, Dongxiang, Xinjiang, Migration, Identity, Cultural change * I will give my thanks to Dr. Duojie Caihang of Qinghai Normal University for his revising. Volume 7, No. 4 74 1. INTRODUCTION The Dongxiang, or Santa1, are one of the fifty-five ethnic minorities of the PRC. According to scholars, the main body of Santa the Huihui Semuren2 group from central Asia and the Middle East are the ancestors of the modern-day Santa, and Santa migration to China is directly connected to the conquest of central Asia by Genghis Khan in the 13th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogenic Leishmania Spp. Detected in Lizards from Northwest China
    Zhang et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2019) 15:446 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2174-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Pathogenic Leishmania spp. detected in lizards from Northwest China using molecular methods Jun-Rong Zhang1, Xian-Guang Guo2, Han Chen1, Jin-Long Liu2,3, Xiong Gong2, Da-Li Chen1* and Jian-Ping Chen1* Abstract Background: Leishmaniosis, a disease caused by pathogenic Leishmania parasites, remains an unresolved health problem in the New World and the Old World. It is well known that lizards can be infected by a subgenus of Leishmania parasites, i.e. Sauroleishmania, which is non-pathogenic to humans. However, evidence suggests that lizards may also harbor pathogenic Leishmania species including the undetermined Leishmania sp., discovered in our previous work. Leishmania DNA in lizard blood can be detected by using molecular methods, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Three hundred and sixteen lizards, representing 13 species of four genera, were captured for blood samples collection in Northwest China. Two reliable molecular markers (cytochrome b and heat shock protein 70 genes) were used for detection in the lizard blood samples, to confirm a widespread presence of pathogenic Leishmania parasites and the distribution pattern of Leishmania spp. in lizards from Northwest China. The PCR data indicated positive detection rate for Leishmania in all the tested lizards with an overall prevalence of 57.91% (183/316). Apart from lizard parasites like Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania sp., several pathogenic Leishmania including L. turanica, L. tropica and L. donovani complex were identified by using phylogenetic analysis. Co-existence of different haplotypes was observed in most Leishmania DNA-positive lizards with an overall rate of 77.6% (142/183).
    [Show full text]
  • China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996
    China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 MOFTEC Copyright © 1996 MOFTEC ii Contents Contents Article 16 5 Article 17 5 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 2 Article 1 2 Chapter 3 - Foreign Economic and Technical Coop- eration in Border Regions 6 Article 2 2 Article 18 6 Article 3 2 Article 19 6 Chapter 2 - Border Trade of Small Amount 3 Article 20 6 Article 21 6 Article 4 3 Article 22 7 Article 5 3 Article 23 7 Article 6 3 Article 24 7 Article 7 3 Article 25 7 Article 8 3 Article 26 7 Article 9 4 Article 10 4 Chapter 4 - Supplementary Provisions 9 Article 11 4 Article 27 9 Article 12 4 Article 28 9 Article 13 5 Article 29 9 Article 14 5 Article 30 9 Article 15 5 SiSU Metadata, document information 11 iii Contents 1 Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions (Promulgated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade Economic Cooperation and the Customs General Administration on March 29, 1996) 1 China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 2 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 3 Article 1 4 With a view to strengthening and standardizing the administra- tion on border trade of small amount and foreign economic and technical cooperation of border regions, preserving the normal operating order for border trade of small amount and techni- cal cooperation of border regions, and promoting the healthy and steady development of border trade, the present provisions are formulated according to the Circular of the State Council on Circular of the State Council on Certain Questions of Border Trade.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 International Religious Freedom Report
    CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), states that citizens “enjoy freedom of religious belief” but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” without defining “normal.” CCP members and members of the armed forces are required to be atheists and are forbidden from engaging in religious practices. National law prohibits organizations or individuals from interfering with the state educational system for minors younger than the age of 18, effectively barring them from participating in most religious activities or receiving religious education. Some provinces have additional laws on minors’ participation in religious activities. The government continued to assert control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to one of the five state-sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Right Defiled: China’S Iron-Fisted Repression of Uyghur Religious Freedom
    Sacred Right Defiled: China’s Iron-Fisted Repression of Uyghur Religious Freedom A Report by the Uyghur Human Rights Project Table of Contents Executive Summary...........................................................................................................2 Methodology.......................................................................................................................5 Background ........................................................................................................................6 Features of Uyghur Islam ........................................................................................6 Religious History.....................................................................................................7 History of Religious Persecution under the CCP since 1949 ..................................9 Religious Administration and Regulations....................................................................13 Religious Administration in the People’s Republic of China................................13 National and Regional Regulations to 2005..........................................................14 National Regulations since 2005 ...........................................................................16 Regional Regulations since 2005 ..........................................................................19 Crackdown on “Three Evil Forces”—Terrorism, Separatism and Religious Extremism..............................................................................................................23
    [Show full text]