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An Illustrated Key to the Ferns and Fern Allies (Pteridophyta) of Alberta

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AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE FERNS AND FERN ALLIES (PTERIDOPHYTA) OF ALBERTA Compiled and writen by Linda Kershaw & Lorna Allen April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen This key was compiled using informaton primarily from Moss (1983), Packer & Gould (2018), Douglas et. al. (2000) and the Flora of North America (2008-2010). Taxonomy follows VASCAN (Brouillet, 2015). Please let us know if there are ways in which the key can be improved. The families are arranged systematcally. The 2017 S-ranks of rare species (S1; S1S2; S2; S2S3; SU, according to ACIMS, 2017) are noted in superscript (S1;S2;SU) afer the species names. For more details, go to the ACIMS web site. PTERIDOPHYTA Ferns & Fern Allies Key to Families 01a Leaves simple, stalkless, grass-like or scale-like, 1-2 mm wide ............................ 02 01b Leaves (fronds) usually lobed or divided, with stalks (stpes), variously shaped, ≥5 mm wide . 05 2a 02a Leaves onion-like, basal and slender with wide, sheathing bases, 5-15 cm long; stems thick, short and inconspicuous (covered by leaf bases); spore cases (sporangia) embedded in the upper/inner side of the leaf base . .Isoetaceae (p. 10) 02b Leaves scale-like, <1.5 cm long; stems slender and conspicuous; spore cases in cones (cone scales sometmes resembling leaves) or in the axils of stem leaves ............................. 03 03a Stems usually hollow, conspicuously jointed; leaves scale-like, in sheath-like rings (whorls) at 3a stem joints; spore cases on the underside of fat, round, umbrella-like scales in cones at stem tps . ....................... Equisetaceae (p. 11) 03b Stems solid, not jointed; leaves strap-like, spirally arranged or paired (opposite); spore cases in the 4a axils of triangular to strap-like cone scales or in leaf axils .................................... 04 04a Plants 5-25 cm tall; leaves mostly strap-like or awl- shaped, 5-10 mm long (triangular to lance-shaped and 2-4 mm long in Diphasiastrum); cones (when 4b present) cylindrical; spores all similar . ....................... Lycopodiaceae (p. 7) 04b Plants 1-5(7) cm tall; leaves lance-shaped, 1-4 mm long; cones usually ± 4-sided/angled; spores of 2 types (small and large) . Selaginellaceae (p. 9) 05a In colonies from spreading rootstocks in ponds and lake edges; leaves with 4 leafets at the tp of a long stalk (like a four-leaved clover), ofen foatng in water; spores in a hard, bean-like structures 5a (sporocarps) on a short stalk (ofen hidden among the leaves) .... Marsileaceae - Marsilea vestta 05b Plants and leaves not as above; spores in spore cases on green or modifed leaves . 06 6a 06a Spore cases 1-1.5 mm wide, in grape-like clusters on specialized, fertle leaves; sterile leaves below fertle blades on same stalk . .................... Ophioglossaceae (p. 13) 06b Spore cases tny (<1 mm wide), in dot-like clusters (sori) on the lower surface or along edges of green leaves or specialized fertle leaves . .[Ferns - Polypodiaceae of Moss, 1983] 07 7a 07a Leaves of 2 distnctly diferent types: green, without spore cases (sterile) and brown (when mature), with spore cases (fertle) . 08 07b Leaves all similar, not of 2 distnct types (except Pellaea gastonyi, with fertle leaves distnctly 7b longer than sterile leaves) ............... 09 4 08a Plants ≤20 cm tall, in small clumps, on rocky sites in the mountains or neAB (Canadian Shield); fertle leaves longer than sterile leaves . .Pteridaceae (in part) - Cryptogramma (p. 17) 08b Plants 50-150 cm tall, forming colonies from coarse rhizomes, on moist sites in the boreal forest; fertle leaves shorter than sterile leaves . Onocleaceae [Dryopteridaceae, in part] 8b . Mateuccia struthiopteris 8a 09a Spore clusters on the leaf edges, usually under down-rolled margins, elongated . 10 09b Spore clusters set in from the leaf edges (if near the edge, then round) ..................... 12 10a Spore clusters under down-rolled leaf edges, kidney shaped, separate (not in a contnuous strip); leaf segments fan-shaped . 10a . Pteridaceae (in part) (p. 17) . .Adiantum aleutcum [Adiantum pedatum] 10b Spore clusters in a contnuous strip along the leaf edge; leaf segments not fan-shaped . 11 11a 11a Plants 30-300 cm tall; leaves 2X pinnately divided, ± triangular, 20-60 cm wide . Dennstaedtaceae - Pteridium aquilinum 11b Plants mostly <30 cm tall; leaves 1-2X pinnately divided, <10 cm wide ....................... Pteridaceae (in part) Myriopteris; Pellaea (p. 17) 11b 12a Leaves 1X pinnately divided, lobed or smooth- 13a edged .................................. 13 12b Leaves 2-4X pinnately divided . 15 13a Leafets (pinnae) lobed, egg-shaped, 3-7 x 2-5 mm; leaves 5-10(15) cm long ..................... .Aspleniaceae - Asplenium viride . .[Asplenium trichomanes-ramosum] 13b Leafets smooth-edged or toothed, narrowly oblong to lance-shaped, >10 mm long; leaves (5)10-40 cm long ......................... 14 14a 14a Leafets rounded at the tp, smooth-edged (without spines) . Polypodiaceae (p. 16) 14b Leafets pointed at the tp, edged with spines . Dryopteridaceae (in part) (p. 21) ....................... Polystchum lonchits 15a Leaf stalks (1)1.5-2(3) tmes as long as the blades; leaves divided into 3 ± equal parts, with each of the 2 lowest leafets ≈ the remaining upper part of the leaf . Cystopteridaceae (p. 19) ......................... [Dryopteridaceae, in part] 15b Leaf stalks usually much <2 tmes the length of the blade; lowest pair of leafets gradually reduced upwards (not much larger than those above) . 16 14b 15a 5 16a Small tufed plants, mostly <20 cm tall; short- creeping scaly rhizomes bear small tufs to dense tussocks of leaves; lower leafets somewhat remote ................................. 17 16b Larger plants, generally >20 cm tall; plants tufed → or in small scatered tufs or single leaves; lower leafets not remote ....................... 18 17a Leaf stalk bases persistent afer blades are shed; 17b indusium disc- or star-shaped (→), atached under → and obscured by spore clusters . .Woodsiaceae 17a . [Dryopteridaceae, in part] - Woodsia (p. 20) 17b Leaf stalk bases disintegratng when blades are 18a shed; indusium hood-like (→), atached at the side and curved up over the spore clusters . .Cystopteridaceae [Dryopteridaceae, in part] ......................... Cystopteris (p. 19) 18a Lowest pair of leafets pointng downwards; lower leaf surface with conspicuous, nearly transparent hairs on the veins and midrib . .Thelypteridaceae - Phegopteris connectlis 18b Leaves not as above. 19 19a 19a Indusia ofen absent, when present elongated, fap-like (atached along 1 edge) and fringed or toothed . Athyriaceae (p. 18) - Athyrium 19b Indusia present (sometmes small and soon shrivelling) rounded or kidney-shaped, atached in the hollow of the inner side, not fringed . .. Dryopteridaceae (in part) (p. 21) - Dryopteris 19b 6 LYCOPODIACEAE Clubmoss Family Key to Genera 01a Stems clumped, without horizontal runners (rootstocks); spore clusters (sporangia) in the axils of unmodifed leaves scattered along the length of the stem, not in cones (strobili); spores pitted or grooved; tiny sexual plants (gemmae) often present among the upper leaves .......................Huperzia 01b Stems spread along horizontal runners; spore clusters in the axils of small, modifed, leaves (sporophylls) in cones (strobili); spores wrinkled or with net-like ridges; gemmae absent .............................02 02a Cones (strobili) erect, on stalks with closely 2a 1a spaced, normal-sized leaves; spores wrinkled; plants in wetlands ...Lycopodiella inundata ..............[Lycopodium inundatum] 02b Cones with or without stalks, the stalks (when present) with tiny, widely spaced leaves; spores with net-like ridges; plants mainly in dry uplands ............................03 03a Uppermost shoots (including leaves) 2-6 mm across, 4-sided to fattened (rounded in D. sitchense); leaves mostly in 4-5 vertical rows, overlapping (except in D. sitchense); cone 3a stalks (if present) branched in 2s .......... .......................Diphasiastrum 03b Uppermost shoots (including leaves) 5-12 mm across, rounded; leaves in ≥6 vertical rows (ranks), not overlapping; cone stalks (if present) alternately branched, appearing to have 1 main branch ..................04 4b 4a 04a Erect stems few to many branched, tree-like; trailing stems below ground .............. ....... Dendrolycopodium dendroideum ............ [Lycopodium dendroideum ...............Lycopodium obscurum] 04b Erect stems simple or few-branched; trailing stems above ground ......... Lycopodium 7 → DIPHASIASTRUM Groundcedar 01a Plants strongly fattened, (10)15-35 cm tall; cones on 1-8 cm stalks .................. ........... Diphasiastrum complanatum 2b ............[Lycopodium complanatum] 01b Plants cylindrical or 4-sided, 5-10(15) cm tall; cones without stalks (rarely with stalks ≤1 cm long) ..............................02 1a 2a 02a Leaves all ± the same shape; stems cylindrical ...... Diphasiastrum sitchense ............... [Lycopodium sitchense] 02b Leaves of 1 row different from the others, shaped like a bricklayer’s trowel (→); stems 4-sided ..........Diphasiastrum alpinum ................ [Lycopodium alpinum] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1a HUPERZIA Firmoss 01a Largest leaves lance-shaped and widest above mid-leaf; shoots 12-20 cm tall; mainly in shaded forests near streams ............. ...............Huperzia occidentalis S2 01b Largest leaves lance-shaped and widest below mid-leaf or with sides ± parallel; shoots mostly 8-15 cm tall; mainly on rocky cliffs and 2a talus slopes, sometimes
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  • TAXONOMY Family Names Scientific Names GENERAL INFORMATION

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    Plant Propagation Protocol for Athyrium americanum ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production TAXONOMY Family Names Family Scientific Name: Dryopteridaceae (USDA) Family Common Name: Wood fern family (USDA) Scientific Names Genus: Athyrium Roth Species: Athyrium americanum (Butters) Maxon Species Authority: (Butters) Maxon Common Synonym(s) • Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Milde (include full scientific • Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Milde names (e.g., Elymus ssp. americanum (Butters) Lellinger glaucus Buckley), • Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Milde including variety or var. americanum Butters subspecies information) • Athyrium alpestre (Hoppe) Milde var. gaspense Fernald • Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz ssp. americanum (Butters) Hultén • Athyrium distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz var. americanum (Butters) B. Boivin Common Name(s): Alpine ladyfern (USDA) Species Code (as per USDA ATAM Plants database): GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range (distribution maps for North America and Washington state) green=present white=absent Ecological distribution A. americanum is a circumboreal species, occurring at, often (ecosystems it occurs in, near timberline, in rocky slopes and stream borders (Wick). etc): Climate and elevation range Mid to high montane elevations (Wick). Local habitat and Moist acidic soil among rocks, meadows and talus slopes from abundance; may include mid to high elevations often near timberline (Ellingboe). commonly associated species Plant strategy type / - successional stage (stress- tolerator, competitor, weedy/colonizer, seral, late successional) Plant characteristics (life • Forb/herb form (shrub, grass, forb), • Perennial (USDA). longevity, key characteristics, etc) PROPAGATION DETAILS Ecotype (this is meant - primarily for experimentally derived protocols, and is a description of where the seed that was tested came from): Propagation Goal (Options: Plants (Wick). Plants, Cuttings, Seeds, Bulbs, Somatic Embryos, and/or Other Propagules): Propagation Method Seed (Wick).
  • A Revised Family-Level Classification for Eupolypod II Ferns (Polypodiidae: Polypodiales)

    A Revised Family-Level Classification for Eupolypod II Ferns (Polypodiidae: Polypodiales)

    TAXON — 11 May 2012: 19 pp. Rothfels & al. • Eupolypod II classification A revised family-level classification for eupolypod II ferns (Polypodiidae: Polypodiales) Carl J. Rothfels,1,7 Michael A. Sundue,2,7 Li-Yaung Kuo,3 Anders Larsson,4 Masahiro Kato,5 Eric Schuettpelz6 & Kathleen M. Pryer1 1 Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, North Carolina 27708, U.S.A. 2 The Pringle Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, University of Vermont, 27 Colchester Ave., Burlington, Vermont 05405, U.S.A. 3 Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan 4 Systematic Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyv. 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden 5 Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba 305-0005, Japan 6 Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, 601 South College Road, Wilmington, North Carolina 28403, U.S.A. 7 Carl J. Rothfels and Michael A. Sundue contributed equally to this work. Author for correspondence: Carl J. Rothfels, [email protected] Abstract We present a family-level classification for the eupolypod II clade of leptosporangiate ferns, one of the two major lineages within the Eupolypods, and one of the few parts of the fern tree of life where family-level relationships were not well understood at the time of publication of the 2006 fern classification by Smith & al. Comprising over 2500 species, the composition and particularly the relationships among the major clades of this group have historically been contentious and defied phylogenetic resolution until very recently.