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Sobre Los Equisetum × Trachyodon Y Equisetum Variegatum De La Val D´Aiguamòg (Valle De Arán)

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Sobre Los Equisetum × Trachyodon Y Equisetum Variegatum De La Val D´Aiguamòg (Valle De Arán) Flora Montiberica 62: 37-42 (I-2016). ISSN: 1138-5952, edic. digital: 1988-799X SOBRE LOS EQUISETUM × TRACHYODON Y EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM DE LA VAL D´AIGUAMÒG (VALLE DE ARÁN) Juan A. ALEJANDRE SÁENZ1, María Josefa ESCALANTE RUIZ1 2 & José Vicente FERRÁNDEZ PALACIO 1C/ Txalaparta, 3, 1º izda. 01006-VITORIA 2C/ Segura, 73. Monzón. 22400-HUESCA RESUMEN: Se aportan testimonios de herbario que contribuyen a con- firmar la presencia actual de Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr y de una población clonal de Equisetum × trachyodon A. Braun en la zo- na media-alta de la Val d´Aiguamòg (Valle de Arán, Pirineo catalán). Palabras clave: Flora, Equisetum, Pirineo catalán, España. ABSTRACT: Some voucher specimens which contribute to confirm the current presence of Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr and a clonal population of Equisetum × trachyodon A. Braun in the middle- upper zone of Val d´Aiguamòg (Valle de Arán, Lérida, N Spain) are provided. Keywords: Flora, Equisetum, Catalan Pyrenees, Spain. INTRODUCCIÓN ros en los que observar el contenido esporangial –elemento probatorio de pri- Según lo que se afirma en AYME- mera magnitud en el género Equisetum–. RICH & SÁEZ (2013: 181), los datos com- En una venturosa excursión a esa zona probados con los que se cuenta hasta el que nosotros hicimos el 11 de julio de presente sobre la presencia actual de 2011, con la intención de comparar nues- Equisetum variegatum A. Braun y de tras recolecciones de Equisetum, princi- E. × trachyodon Schleich., en la Val palmente del E. × trachyodon, proce- d´Aiguamòg no llegan a despejar algu- dentes del macizo del Castro Valnera nas dudas sobre la existencia del prime- (Cordillera Cantábrica entre Burgos y ro de ellos en esa zona ni totalmente Cantabria), tuvimos la fortuna de locali- sobre la identidad de los testimonios que zar una población dispersa de E. × tra- se poseen del segundo de los táxones chyodon y un pequeño rodal de E. varie- citados. Sobre esto último aluden, como gatum. Los datos de esas recolecciones se ya venía reiterado en la bibliografía aportan aquí con base en testimonios de anterior (cf. RIVAS MARTÍNEZ & al., herbario en los que las coordenadas UTM 1981: 36; SÁEZ, 1997: 66; ALEJANDRE se refieren al Datum Europeo 1950 & al., 2010: 41-48), a las incertidumbres (ED50). Dicho datum se expresa en el que provoca que los materiales recolec- formato de posición MGRS –con referen- tados y conservados en MA y en el her- cia al cuadrado de 100 km mediante dos bario particular de L. Sáez procedentes letras que anteceden al conjunto de dígitos de ese valle carecen de estróbilos madu- que indican las cuadriculas de orden inferior–. La cartografía utilizada con la 37 Equisetum × trachyodon y Equisetum variegatum de la Val d’Aiguamòg (Pirineo catalán) que procuramos adaptar las lecturas bordeando pocetas limosas de pequeños cur- del GPS a una realidad geográfica que sos de agua, ¿silíceo?, 11-VII-2011, J.V. en buena parte nos era extraña y nove- Ferrández, J.A. Alejandre & M.J. Escalante dosa es la del Mapa Topográfico Nacio- (ALEJ 569/11). nal 1: 25.000. DISCUSIÓN Y RESULTADOS DATOS DE RECOLECCIONES Equisetum × trachyodon A. Braun en su Equisetum hyemale L. sentido clásico se considera en la actua- LÉRIDA: 31TCH305238, Naut Aran, lidad como un taxon de origen híbrido Val d´Aiguamòg, por debajo de la pista y el entre E. hyemale L. y E. variegatum (di- camino de Tredòs al refugio de Colomèrs, ploide de fórmula HV). BENNET & al. cerca de Era Planhola, 1840 m, disperso en (2005), confirman, mediante estudios de el mosaico de matorral con rododendro y zonas turbosas bajo el pinar de P. uncinata, citometría de flujo, la existencia de híbri- sustrato silíceo, 11-VII-2011, J.V. Ferrán- dos triploides en el subgénero Hippo- dez, J.A. Alejandre & M.J. Escalante chaete, y entre ellos uno derivado origi- (ALEJ 579/11 y 583/11). 31TCH303227, nariamente del cruce de esos mismos Naut Aran, Val d´Aiguamòg, por debajo de padres (fórmula HHV), que relacionan la pista y el camino de Tredòs al refugio de con E. alsaticum (H.P. Fuchs & Geissert) Colomèrs, 1883 m, escaso y disperso en her- G. Phil. ex M. Lubienski & H.W. Bennert bazal-matorral alpino que bordea las vagua- (cf. LUBIENSKI & BENNERT, 2006). das de pequeños cursos de aguas, sustrato BRUNE & al. (2008) sugieren una ten- silíceo, 11-VII-2011, J.V. Ferrández, J.A. dencia a la retrohibridación facilitada Alejandre &M.J. Escalante (ALEJ 571/11). por la existencia de un pequeño porcentaje 31T CH294224, Naut Aran, circo de Co- lomèrs, más arriba del Pont dera Montanhe- de macroesporas fértiles en los híbridos de ta, bajo la pista y el camino al refugio de primera generación. Apuntemos, como Colomèrs, 1962 m, escaso y disperso en el previsión, que en algunos trabajos recien- herbazal-matorral alpino que bordea peque- tes se viene aplicando a E. × trachyodon un ños cursos de agua, 11VII-2011, J.V. Fe- nombre diferente: E. × mackaii (Newman) rrández, J.A. Alejandre & M. J. Escalante Bichan in Phytologist 1: 369 (1843). (ALEJ 570/11). Es obvia la inexperiencia manifestada hasta el presente en la identificación de Equisetum × trachyodon A. Braun in híbridos de Equisetum en el ámbito penin- Flora (Regensburg) 22: 305 (1839) sular hispano. La descuidada recolección LÉRIDA: 31TCH305238, Naut Aran, de muestras, la escasez de buenos mate- Val d´Aiguamòg, por debajo de la pista y el camino de Tredòs al refugio de Colomèrs, riales en los herbarios y la ausencia total cerca de Era Planhola, 1840 m, disperso en de estudios cromosomáticos –para ejem- el mosaico de matorral con rododendro y plo valga lo comentado en la introduc- zonas turbosas bajo el pinar de P. uncinata, ción– son las principales causas. Confir- sustrato silíceo, 11-VII2011, J.V. Ferrández, mar aquí la existencia de una población J.A. Alejandre & M.J. Escalante (ALEJ de Equisetum × trachyodon en la Val de 582/11). Aiguamòg ha de entenderse en un sentido limitado: se trata de una población híbri- Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. da, manifiestamente estéril –a juzgar por Weber & D. Mohr in Bot. Taschenbuch 60: 447 (1807) el contenido esporangial abortado en la LÉRIDA: 31TCH294224, Naut Aran, totalidad de los estróbilos estudiados; en circo de Colomèrs, más arriba del Pont dera un mes de julio!– y por su aspecto y ca- Montanheta, bajo la pista y el camino al racterísticas macromorfológicas y de auto- refugio de Colomèrs, 1962 m, muy escaso ecología intermedias de presumible origen 38 Flora Montiberica 62: 37-42 (I-2016) ISSN 1138-5952 – eISSN 1988-799X J.A. ALEJANDRE, M.J. ESCALANTE & J.V. FERRÁNDEZ PALACIO en el cruzamiento entre genomas de regla general. La disposición de los asen- E. hyemale y E. variegatum. AYMERICH tamientos de los híbridos a lo largo y & SÁEZ (2013: 182), sugieren el interés próximos a las orillas de cursos de agua que tiene determinar el nivel de “au- en zonas donde se da una disminución de tonomía poblacional” que caracterice, o la capacidad de arrastre en avenidas y bien una presencia casual de individuos la consiguiente acumulación de los mate- aislados o, por el contrario, que se trate riales transportados, sugiere, por lo me- de poblaciones amplias que testimonien nos en el caso del Castro Valnera, que el potencial reproductor, vía vegetativa, alguna de ellas puede deberse a la remo- del taxon. Los datos anotados en nuestra ción de los rizomas y posterior reimplan- libreta de campo nos recuerdan las inicia- tación a distancia. La facilidad propia del les dudas sobre el terreno –mosaicos de género para ello se ve reforzada en el matorral con rododendro y zonas higrotu- caso del E. × trachyodon por haber rbosas, con Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. y adquirido una mayor adaptación a ese Drosera longifolia L.– donde la abun- modo de reproducción como consecuen- dancia de tallos dispersos y a cierta dis- cia de la herencia acumulada por sus tancia a lo largo y amplio de una super- padres (cf. las descripciones de DUVAL- ficie llana entre pinar abierto sugerían JOUVE 1854, respecto a las características una población potente aunque algo hete- de desarrollo de los rizomas de los dis- rogénea y desigualmente repartida. La tintos taxones a según qué diferentes ausencia de tallos con estróbilos fértiles profundidades). Este tipo de distribución –confirmada en una revisión cuidadosa poblacional clonal y probablemente con posterior– y las características vainas facilidad para extenderse por arrastre a con dientes estrechos aguzados y per- cierta distancia, puede explicar la supervi- sistentes tras el prensado eliminan la vencia de este taxón híbrido, cuya emer- confusión con ejemplares de E. hye- gencia puntual en la naturaleza, en el male que no hayan culminado, por estado actual de reducción progresiva de estrés invernal, una maduración de las las poblaciones de las especies parentales, esporas. Si hemos de atender a la expe- además de la poco favorable climatología riencia en el subgénero Hippochaete imperante, debe de ser un fenómeno muy adquirida en el estudio de las poblaciones poco frecuente. En este sentido puede que pululan en el entorno del macizo considerarse a E. × trachyodon en nues- del Castro Valnera, el modelo poblacio- tro territorio como un taxon de área ex- nal que se repite en lo que llamamos E. × tremadamente fragmentada, razón por la trachyodon es el de grupos en apariencia cual el análisis cariológico de las pocas clonales bastante aislados y circunscritos poblaciones peninsulares no carecería a un ambiente definible por caracteres de interés. Una descripción profusa y locales muy precisos, siempre emplaza- muy pormenorizada de este taxon es la dos en las proximidades –pudiera ha- que ofrece PAGE (1997: 513-516).
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