EQUISETACEAE (Horsetail Family) Equisetum Arvense - Common Horsetail E
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The Variability of Hop Latent Viroid As Induced Upon Heat Treatment
Virology 287, 349–358 (2001) doi:10.1006/viro.2001.1044, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector The Variability of Hop Latent Viroid as Induced upon Heat Treatment Jaroslav Matousˇek,* Josef Patzak,† Lidmila Orctova´,* Jo¨rg Schubert,‡ Luka´sˇ Vrba,* Gerhard Steger,§ and Detlev Riesner§,1 *Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology Czech Academy of Sciences, Branisˇovska´31, 37005 Cˇ eske´Bude˘jovice, Czech Republic; †Department of Virology, Institute of Hop Research and Breeding, Kadanˇska´2525, 438 46 Zˇatec, Czech Republic; ‡Federal Centre for Breeding Research, Institute for Resistance Research and Pathogen Diagnostics, Theodor-Roemer-Weg 4, 06449 Aschersleben, Germany; and §Institute of Physical Biology, Heinrich-Heine Universita¨t Du¨sseldorf, Universita¨tsstraße 1, D-40225 Du¨sseldorf, Germany Received March 28, 2001; returned to author for revision March 30, 2001; accepted June 11, 2001; published online August 2, 2001 We have previously shown that heat treatment of hop plants infected by hop latent viroid (HLVd) reduces viroid levels. Here we investigate whether such heat treatment leads to the accumulation of sequence variability in HLVd. We observed a negligible level of mutated variants in HLVd under standard cultivation conditions. In contrast, the heat treatment of hop led to HLVd degradation and, simultaneously, to a significant increase in sequence variations, as judged from temperature gradient–gel electrophoresis analysis and cDNA library screening by DNA heteroduplex analysis. Thirty-one cDNA clones (9.8%) were identified as deviating forms. -
FLORA from FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE of MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2
ISSN: 2601 – 6141, ISSN-L: 2601 – 6141 Acta Biologica Marisiensis 2018, 1(1): 60-70 ORIGINAL PAPER FLORA FROM FĂRĂGĂU AREA (MUREŞ COUNTY) AS POTENTIAL SOURCE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS Silvia OROIAN1*, Mihaela SĂMĂRGHIŢAN2 1Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tîrgu Mureş, Romania 2Mureş County Museum, Department of Natural Sciences, Tîrgu Mureş, Romania *Correspondence: Silvia OROIAN [email protected] Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 15 July 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to identify a potential source of medicinal plant from Transylvanian Plain. Also, the paper provides information about the hayfields floral richness, a great scientific value for Romania and Europe. The study of the flora was carried out in several stages: 2005-2008, 2013, 2017-2018. In the studied area, 397 taxa were identified, distributed in 82 families with therapeutic potential, represented by 164 medical taxa, 37 of them being in the European Pharmacopoeia 8.5. The study reveals that most plants contain: volatile oils (13.41%), tannins (12.19%), flavonoids (9.75%), mucilages (8.53%) etc. This plants can be used in the treatment of various human disorders: disorders of the digestive system, respiratory system, skin disorders, muscular and skeletal systems, genitourinary system, in gynaecological disorders, cardiovascular, and central nervous sistem disorders. In the study plants protected by law at European and national level were identified: Echium maculatum, Cephalaria radiata, Crambe tataria, Narcissus poeticus ssp. radiiflorus, Salvia nutans, Iris aphylla, Orchis morio, Orchis tridentata, Adonis vernalis, Dictamnus albus, Hammarbya paludosa etc. Keywords: Fărăgău, medicinal plants, human disease, Mureş County 1. -
Plant Genera Cannabis and Humulus Share the Same Pair of Well- Differentiated Sex Chromosomes
Research Plant genera Cannabis and Humulus share the same pair of well- differentiated sex chromosomes Djivan Prentout1 , Natasa Stajner2, Andreja Cerenak3, Theo Tricou1 , Celine Brochier-Armanet1, Jernej * * Jakse2 , Jos Kafer¨ 1 and Gabriel A. B. Marais1,4 1Laboratoire de Biometrie´ et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, Universite´ de Lyon, Universite´ Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; 2Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia; 3Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Cesta Zalskega Tabora 2, Zalec SI-3310, Slovenia; 4LEAF- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal Summary Author for correspondence: We recently described, in Cannabis sativa, the oldest sex chromosome system documented Djivan Prentout so far in plants (12–28 Myr old). Based on the estimated age, we predicted that it should be Email: [email protected] shared by its sister genus Humulus, which is known also to possess XY chromosomes. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing of an F1 family of H. lupulus to identify and study Received: 19 February 2021 the sex chromosomes in this species using the probabilistic method SEX-DETECTOR. Accepted: 29 April 2021 We identified 265 sex-linked genes in H. lupulus, which preferentially mapped to the C. sativa X chromosome. Using phylogenies of sex-linked genes, we showed that a region of the New Phytologist (2021) sex chromosomes had already stopped recombining in an ancestor of both species. Further- doi: 10.1111/nph.17456 more, as in C. sativa, Y-linked gene expression reduction is correlated to the position on the X chromosome, and highly Y degenerated genes showed dosage compensation. -
STREAKED ARROWGRASS Triglochin Striatum
TREAKED RROWGRASS H10 © photos G. Sainty & DPI Hamilton S A SALTdeck Series Triglochin striatum HERB 2cm 2mm Sustainable STREAKED ARROWGRASS Grazing on SALTdeck Series Triglochin striatum Saline Land © AWI & CRC Salinity 2006 Family: Juncaginaceae. H10 Description: Erect perennial often less than 30 cm tall, but occasionally to 50 cm. Leaves in tufts on an extensive rhizome. Flowerhead an erect spike to 15 cm long. Flowers green. Fruit round to egg-shaped, 1.5–3 mm long, on a short stalk, spirally arranged on a spike (see photo). Flowers spring to autumn. Key features: Absence of tubers (other species of Triglochin usually with tubers), presence of a sheath and a membranous ligule, and narrow leaves that are cylindrical or flat and strap-like. Value: Palatable to sheep, moderate feed energy value, but recovers slowly from grazing. Remains green during summer where it has access to groundwater. May form large patches but usually part of the salt tolerant mix of plants in saline land. Rhizomatous habit and dense cover reduces the potential for erosion. Salinity and waterlogging tolerance: High tolerance to salt and waterlogging. Notes: Native to all States, North and South America and southern Africa. Useful indicator of salinity. Grows widely along the coast and in Victoria is widespread inland. Thrives in coastal saltmarsh and common in the low marsh inundated zone. Flowers in summer, and produces much seed from which it is easy to propagate. A good pioneer plant. References: Flora of South Australia, Jessop and Toelken (eds), Part 4, 4th edition, 1986. Flora of Victoria, Walsh and Entwisle H (eds), Vol. -
Influence of Growing Area, Plant Age, and Virus Infection on the Contents of Hop Secondary Metabolites
Czech J. Food Sci. Vol. 30, 2012, No. 6: 541–547 Influence of Growing Area, Plant Age, and Virus Infection on the Contents of Hop Secondary Metabolites Lukáš JELÍNEK, Monika DOLEČKOVÁ, Marcel KARABÍN, Tereza HUDCOVÁ, Blanka KOTLÍKOVÁ and Pavel DOSTÁLEK Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Abstract Jelínek L., Dolečková M., Karabin M., Hudcová T., Kotlíková B., Dostálek P. (2012): Influence of growing area, plant age, and virus infection on the contents of hop secondary metabolites. Czech J. Food Sci., 30: 541–547. Hops and hop products (pellets and extracts) belong to the major raw materials employed in brewing industry. Many effects such as the growing area, hop plant age, and virus infection influence the contents of the brewing-important hop secondary metabolites (α- and β-bitter acids, essential oils, and polyphenols). The clones of the Czech cultivars Saaz and German cv. Taurus were used in this work and compared with the aim to investigate the influence of the effects mentioned on the contents of hop secondary metabolites. Keywords: Humulus lupulus; hop plant age; polyphenols; essential oils; α- bitter acids; β-bitter acids The external conditions such as the growing In recent years, the effort of many scientists area, virus infection, and cultivar age have very has been to investigate the influence of the virus strong impacts on the yield of hop cone second- infection on the contents of hop secondary me- ary metabolites commonly employed in brewing tabolites, mainly BA. They found out that many (bitter acids, essential oils, and polyphenols). -
Equisetaceae – Horsetail Family
EQUISETACEAE – HORSETAIL FAMILY Plant: Stem: jointed, with nodes Root: Leaves: small, whorled, reduced and fused into sheaths with free tips (usually termed teeth) Flowers: no true flowers; spores (all alike) from sporphylls on sporangia located on cones (strobilus), spores usually green except in hybrids; male and female gametophytes green, male smaller than female Fruit: spores Other: worldwide; Division Equisetophyta, Horsetail Group Genera: 1 genus – Equisetum (horsetails or scouring rush), 15+ species WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive EQUISETACEAE – HORSETAIL FAMILY Field Horsetail; Equisetum arvense L. [Common] Scouring Rush Horsetail; Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eaton Field Horsetail USDA Equisetum arvense L. Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: Dimorphic (fertile and vegetative stems); fertile stems non-green, usually brownish, lacking stomata (pores), non-branching, shorter than veg. stems, sheath teeth dark, usually 14 or less, dies back after spores released; vegetative stems hollow and green, branched in whorls, branches solid with 3-4 ridges; spring [V Max Brown, 2008] [Common] Scouring Rush USDA Horsetail Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eaton Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Alley Springs, Shannon County, Missouri Notes: medium to tall plant, up to 220 cm, unbranched stem (or with a few scattered branches), usually persists more than one year (perennial), with 14 to 50 ridges, stomatal lines single, often rough to the touch; sheaths dark at most nodes (often 2 dark bands separated by a white band), 14 or more teeth; apex of cone fairly sharp or pointed; spores green and spherical; often found on banks of streams, ponds, and margins of lakes as well as along ditches, roadsides, etc.; spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2008]. -
Ferns of the National Forests in Alaska
Ferns of the National Forests in Alaska United States Forest Service R10-RG-182 Department of Alaska Region June 2010 Agriculture Ferns abound in Alaska’s two national forests, the Chugach and the Tongass, which are situated on the southcentral and southeastern coast respectively. These forests contain myriad habitats where ferns thrive. Most showy are the ferns occupying the forest floor of temperate rainforest habitats. However, ferns grow in nearly all non-forested habitats such as beach meadows, wet meadows, alpine meadows, high alpine, and talus slopes. The cool, wet climate highly influenced by the Pacific Ocean creates ideal growing conditions for ferns. In the past, ferns had been loosely grouped with other spore-bearing vascular plants, often called “fern allies.” Recent genetic studies reveal surprises about the relationships among ferns and fern allies. First, ferns appear to be closely related to horsetails; in fact these plants are now grouped as ferns. Second, plants commonly called fern allies (club-mosses, spike-mosses and quillworts) are not at all related to the ferns. General relationships among members of the plant kingdom are shown in the diagram below. Ferns & Horsetails Flowering Plants Conifers Club-mosses, Spike-mosses & Quillworts Mosses & Liverworts Thirty of the fifty-four ferns and horsetails known to grow in Alaska’s national forests are described and pictured in this brochure. They are arranged in the same order as listed in the fern checklist presented on pages 26 and 27. 2 Midrib Blade Pinnule(s) Frond (leaf) Pinna Petiole (leaf stalk) Parts of a fern frond, northern wood fern (p. -
Hops – a Guide for New Growers 2017
Hops – a guide for new growers 2017 growers new – a guide for Hops Hops a guide for new growers FIRST EDITION 2017 first edition 2017 Author: Kevin Dodds www.dpi.nsw.gov.au Hops a guide for new growers Kevin Dodds Development Officer – Temperate Fruits NSW Department of Primary industries ©NSW Department of Primary Industries 2017 Published by NSW Department of Primary Industries, a part of NSW Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development You may copy, distribute, display, download and otherwise freely deal with this publication for any purpose, provided that you attribute NSW Department of Industry, Skills and Regional Development as the owner. However, you must obtain permission if you wish to charge others for access to the publication (other than at cost); include the publication advertising or a product for sale; modify the publication; or republish the publication on a website. You may freely link to the publication on a departmental website. First published March 2017 ISBN print: 978‑1‑76058‑007‑0 web: 978‑1‑76058‑008‑7 Always read the label Users of agricultural chemical products must always read the Job number 14293 label and any permit before using the product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and the conditions of Author any permit. Users are not absolved from any compliance with Kevin Dodds, Development Officer Temperate Fruits the directions on the label or the conditions of the permit NSW Department of Primary Industries by reason of any statement made or omitted to be made in 64 Fitzroy Street TUMUT NSW 2720 this publication. -
Eutaxia Microphylla Common Eutaxia Dillwynia Hispida Red Parrot-Pea Peas FABACEAE: FABOIDEAE Peas FABACEAE: FABOIDEAE LEGUMINOSAE LEGUMINOSAE
TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword iv printng informaton Acknowledgements vi Introducton 2 Using the Book 3 Scope 4 Focus Area Reserve Locatons 5 Ground Dwellers 7 Creepers And Twiners 129 Small Shrubs 143 Medium Shrubs 179 Large Shrubs 218 Trees 238 Water Lovers 257 Grasses 273 Appendix A 290 Appendix B 293 Resources 300 Glossary 301 Index 303 ii iii Ground Dwellers Ground dwellers usually have a non-woody stem with most of the plant at ground level They sometmes have a die back period over summer or are annuals They are usually less than 1 metre high, provide habitat and play an important role in preventng soil erosion Goodenia blackiana, Kennedia prostrata, Glossodia major, Scaevola albida, Arthropodium strictum, Gonocarpus tetragynus Caesia calliantha 4 5 Bulbine bulbosa Bulbine-lily Tricoryne elator Yellow Rush-lily Asphodel Family ASPHODELACEAE Day Lily Family HEMEROCALLIDACEAE LILIACEAE LILIACEAE bul-BINE (bul-BEE-nee) bul-bohs-uh Meaning: Bulbine – bulb, bulbosa – bulbous triek-uhr-IEN-ee ee-LAHT-ee-or Meaning: Tricoryne – three, club shaped, elator – taller General descripton A small perennial lily with smooth bright-green leaves and General descripton Ofen inconspicuous, this erect branched plant has fne, yellow fowers wiry stems and bears small clusters of yellow star-like fowers at the tps Some Specifc features Plants regenerate annually from a tuber to form a tall longish leaves present at the base of the plant and up the stem stem from a base of feshy bright-green Specifc features Six petaled fowers are usually more than 1 cm across, -
Sobre Los Equisetum × Trachyodon Y Equisetum Variegatum De La Val D´Aiguamòg (Valle De Arán)
Flora Montiberica 62: 37-42 (I-2016). ISSN: 1138-5952, edic. digital: 1988-799X SOBRE LOS EQUISETUM × TRACHYODON Y EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM DE LA VAL D´AIGUAMÒG (VALLE DE ARÁN) Juan A. ALEJANDRE SÁENZ1, María Josefa ESCALANTE RUIZ1 2 & José Vicente FERRÁNDEZ PALACIO 1C/ Txalaparta, 3, 1º izda. 01006-VITORIA 2C/ Segura, 73. Monzón. 22400-HUESCA RESUMEN: Se aportan testimonios de herbario que contribuyen a con- firmar la presencia actual de Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr y de una población clonal de Equisetum × trachyodon A. Braun en la zo- na media-alta de la Val d´Aiguamòg (Valle de Arán, Pirineo catalán). Palabras clave: Flora, Equisetum, Pirineo catalán, España. ABSTRACT: Some voucher specimens which contribute to confirm the current presence of Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex F. Weber & D. Mohr and a clonal population of Equisetum × trachyodon A. Braun in the middle- upper zone of Val d´Aiguamòg (Valle de Arán, Lérida, N Spain) are provided. Keywords: Flora, Equisetum, Catalan Pyrenees, Spain. INTRODUCCIÓN ros en los que observar el contenido esporangial –elemento probatorio de pri- Según lo que se afirma en AYME- mera magnitud en el género Equisetum–. RICH & SÁEZ (2013: 181), los datos com- En una venturosa excursión a esa zona probados con los que se cuenta hasta el que nosotros hicimos el 11 de julio de presente sobre la presencia actual de 2011, con la intención de comparar nues- Equisetum variegatum A. Braun y de tras recolecciones de Equisetum, princi- E. × trachyodon Schleich., en la Val palmente del E. × trachyodon, proce- d´Aiguamòg no llegan a despejar algu- dentes del macizo del Castro Valnera nas dudas sobre la existencia del prime- (Cordillera Cantábrica entre Burgos y ro de ellos en esa zona ni totalmente Cantabria), tuvimos la fortuna de locali- sobre la identidad de los testimonios que zar una población dispersa de E. -
Scouring-Rush Horsetail Scientific Name: Equisetum Hyemale Order
Common Name: Scouring-rush Horsetail Scientific Name: Equisetum hyemale Order: Equisetales Family: Equisetaceae Wetland Plant Status: Facultative Ecology & Description Scouring-rush horsetail is an evergreen, perennial plant that completes a growing season in two years. At maturity, scouring-rush horsetail usually averages 3 feet in height but can be range anywhere from 2 to 5 feet. It can survive in a variety of environments. One single plant can spread 6 feet in diameter. It has cylindrical stems that averages a third of an inch in diameter. Noticeably spotted are the jointed unions that are located down the plant. The stems are hollow and don’t branch off into additional stems. Also, scouring- rush horsetail has rough ridges that run longitudinal along the stem. Although not covered in leaves, tiny leaves are joined together around the stem which then forms a black or green band, or sheath at each individual joint on the stem. This plant has an enormous root system that can reach 6 feet deep and propagates in two ways: rhizomes and spores. Incredibly, due to the fact that this plant is not full of leaves, it is forced to photosynthesize through the stem rather than leaves. Habitat Scouring-rush horsetail is highly tolerant of tough conditions. It can survive and thrive in full sun or part shade and can successfully grow in a variety of soil types. It can also grow in moderate to wet soils, and can survive in up to 4 inches of water. Distribution Scouring-rush horsetail can be found throughout the United States, Eurasia, and Canada. -
Native Plant List, Pdf Format
Appendix A: City of Bellingham Native Plant List December 2020 The City of Bellingham Native Plant List (Figure 1) includes plant species that are native to Bellingham watersheds (Figure 2). The native plant list applies to all habitat types, including riparian, upland, and wetland areas. The list was developed using specimen records from the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria and Bellingham plant checklists curated by Don Knoke, a volunteer at the University of Washington Herbarium. To improve plant establishment and protect the genetic resources of our local plant populations, the City recommends using native plants that were grown from seeds or cuttings collected from the Puget Trough Ecoregion (Figure 3). Obtaining native plants grown from material collected from the Puget Trough Ecoregion will help ensure the plants are adapted to the unique environmental conditions of Bellingham watersheds and are genetically similar to our local plant populations. A more thorough discussion of the rational and selection process is provided in the City of Bellingham Public Works Department Native Plant Materials Selection Guidelines, December 2020. Figure 1. City of Bellingham Native Plant List Ferns Common Name Scientific Name Family Bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Dennstaedtiaceae Bristle-like quillwort Isoetes tenella Isoetaceae Common horsetail Equisetum arvense Equisetaceae Deer fern Struthiopteris spicant (Blechnum spicant) Blechnaceae Dream fern Aspidotis densa Pteridaceae Giant horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii