DOCSLIB.ORG

Soc. Ch. 7 Deviance 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Soc. Ch. 7 Deviance 2 Deviance Chapter 7 Section 1 1. Define deviance and then state 2 examples of deviance that you consider to be extremes (one very slight deviance and one that is super deviant). 1. Define deviance and then state 2 examples of deviance that you consider to be extremes (one very slight deviance and one that is super deviant). Deviance behavior that departs from societal or group norms examples? Deviance behavior that departs from societal or group norms examples? *Deviant - person who breaks significant societal or group norms 2. Define negative deviance and positive deviance and then state an example that is not in the book for each. 2. Define negative deviance and positive deviance and then state an example that is not in the book for each. negative deviance behavior that under conforms to accepted norms (not doing what is expected of you) committing a crime, being a drop- out, dressing or acting in an odd manner 2. Define negative deviance and positive deviance and then state an example that is not in the book for each. positive deviance behavior that over conforms to social expectations (uncommon) earning a doctorate, earning an Olympic medal, someone who fosters or adopts numerous children 17. Explain the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance. primary deviance - deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept secondary deviance - deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms 3. Do you know someone that would be considered a deviant? If you feel comfortable, please share her/his story. 4. Define social control. Social control ways to encourage conformity to society’s norms 5. Explain internal social control. internal social control control within an individual; socialization process 6. Explain external social control external social control social sanctions; rewards or punishments to encourage conformity to norms 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 1. Right and wrong changes from culture to culture (and group to group). 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 2. Notions of deviance change over time. wearing jeans to a wake/visitation tattoos 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 3. It varies depending on who is performing it. 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 4. Behavior is evaluated in the context that it is performed. 8. What does the functionalist perspective emphasize? social stability how different parts of society contribute to the whole some functionalists do believe that deviance can benefit society 9. What are negative consequences of deviance? society with widespread suspicion and distrust cannot function smoothly deviance stimulates more deviance in others deviant behavior can be expensive 10. How does deviance benefit society? clarifies norms and social support for them can promote needed social change can be a stress reliever increases unity within a society or group anomie - when norms are weak, conflicting or absent in a society Durkheim saw that anomie could happen in a changing society (often due to extremes in the economy). 1980’s - Wall Street/drugs/homelessness anomie can lead to “strain”... 11. Explain Robert Merton’s strain theory in your own words. Strain Theory deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means 12. Turn to page 234 and complete #6 in “Reviewing the Facts.” SEE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Innovation individual accepts success as a goal, but uses illegal means to achieve it stockbrokers who break the law, shoplifter Ritualism individual rejects success as a goal, but uses legitimate means someone who “goes through the motions” (retail clerk?) Retreatism individual rejects the goal and legitimate means someone who “drops out of society” (street person?) Rebellion individual rejects success as a goal and legitimate means, and creates new set of goals and means cult member, anarchist 13. Do you agree with Travis Hirschi’s control theory? Why or why not? Control Theory compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society (strong bonds include: attachment with others, commitment to the social goals, involvement in social activities) 14. Explain the differential association theory in your own words. individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to 14. Explain the differential association theory in your own words. if you hang out (associate) with deviants, you are more likely to become deviant 15. List the 3 characteristics that affect differential association. 1. The ratio of deviant to non-deviant individuals. A person who knows mostly deviants is more likely to learn deviant behavior. 15. List the 3 characteristics that affect differential association. 2. Whether the deviant behavior is practiced by significant others. A person is more likely to copy deviant behavior from a significant other than from people less important to her/ him. 15. List the 3 characteristics that affect differential association. 3. The age of exposure. Younger children learn deviant behavior more quickly than older children. 16. The labeling theory explains the “relativity of deviance.” Explain in your own words or through an example what this means. Labeling Theory society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant unwed teen mothers are more negatively sanctioned than unwed teen fathers female body builders are seen as “more deviant” than male body builders 17. Explain the difference between primary and secondary deviance. primary deviance - deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept secondary deviance - deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms 18. Give an example that is not in the book of a person or group that has a stigma. stigma - an undesirable trait or label that is used to characterize an individual textbook examples: convict, disabled person, unemployed person 19. Explain deviance according to the conflict perspective. 19. Explain deviance according to the conflict perspective. People in power determine what is deviant based on what they see as threatening to their way of life and determine the punishments for deviance. The powerful are protecting their status. 20. List 3 of the statistics that help support the conflict perspective that the people in power determine the punishment for deviance and are more harsh with minorities in our society. Even when the offense is the same, blacks and Hispanics are more likely than whites to be convicted, and they serve more time in prison than whites. source: NAACP Blacks account for 13.6% of the population in the U.S. The national prison population is 39% black. The national death row population is 42% black. source: The Atlantic As of 2001, 1 in 6 black men had been incarcerated. If current trend continues, 1 in 3 black males born today can expect to spend time in prison during his lifetime. source: NAACP Innocent black people are approximately 7x as likely to be convicted of murder as innocent white people, according to a review of 1,900 exonerations. source: Time magazine, March 20, 2017 The lower class are more likely to be: scrutinized arrested spend time between arrest and trial in jail go to trial found guilty given harsh punishment 21. Do you believe victim discounting occurs? If you are able, give an example of victim discounting that you are aware of. victim discounting - process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status Would a burglary on the East side get as much attention from the media and/or police as a burglary on the West side? 22. List 4 examples of white collar crime. white collar crime - job related crimes committed by high status people 22. List 4 examples of white collar crime. price fixing insider trading (Martha Stewart) embezzlement (Southeast H.S.) industrial pollution tax evasion 23. Why do you believe society accepts much more lenient punishments for white collar crime versus street crime? 23. Why do you believe society accepts much more lenient punishments for white collar crime versus street crime? overcrowded jails non-violent victims can be more ambiguous (corporation versus an individual) 24. According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, has crime in the U.S., overall, increased or decreased in the past year? How about in the past 10 years? google “FBI crime in the U.S. 2015” look at “Table 1” (on the far right) 24. According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, has crime in the U.S., overall, increased or decreased in the past year? How about in the past 10 years? 2014-15 — increased the past 10 years — decreased 25. Indicate whether the approaches to punishment listed below are rehabilitation (R), deterrence (D), retribution (RB) or incarceration (I). A. imprisonment without parole B. longer prison sentences C. extremely harsh prison conditions D. psychological counseling in prison E. swift justice A. imprisonment without parole I B. longer prison sentences D or I C. extremely harsh prison conditions D D. psychological counseling in prison R E. swift justice D 26. Tell whether you think the following approaches to punishment are effective and explain why or why not. rehabilitation deterrence retribution incarceration 27. Has research supported the position that the death penalty deters crime? 27. Has research supported the position that the death penalty deters crime? No, research has not supported the position that the threat of capital punishment deters crime. and one more definition... recidivism - a repetition of or return to criminal behavior Now let’s practice this vocabulary! Complete “Reviewing Vocabulary” on p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sociology 4111 (Uggen): Deviant Behavior Midterm Review, Spring 2004
    Sociology 4111 (Uggen): Deviant Behavior Midterm Review, Spring 2004 PART I: BASIC CONCEPTS -- DEVIANCE, CONTROL, AND CAREERS I. Social Facts and Social Constructions II. Defining Deviance a. Clinard’s Definitions of Deviance (Statistical, Absolutist, Reactivist, Normative) b. Adlers’ definition’s i. Deviance as violation of social norms (Attitudes, Behaviors, Conditions, Prescriptive norms, Proscriptive norms) ii. Role iii. Subcultures iv. Power v. Moral entrepreneurs c. Kai Erikson (1966) III. Differences between Criminology and Deviance a. Piece in The Criminologist: b. Heckert: positive deviance i. Altruism (hero) ii. Charisma (dictator) iii. Innovation (artist) iv. Supra-Conformity (4.0) v. Innate/Ascribed (beauty) vi. Ex-Deviant (saved) c. Middle Class norms - Typology of Deviance IV. Social Controls and the Hobbesian Problem of Order a. Thomas Hobbes i. “Hobbesian problem of order” ii. How can we create a society in which self-interested people don’t use force and fraud to satisfy their (criminal, sexual, substance-abusing …) wants? iii. 3 “solutions” to Hobbesian dilemma 1. Normative 2. Exchange 3. Conflict iv. Informal social controls v. Formal social controls b. social controls and constructions i. Clinard: Deviant Events in Context ii. Joel Best: Social Constructionism c. Race and formal control i. Anderson on police as social control ii. Local perspective/Why focus on police? V. Introduction to Deviant Careers (of people, firms, nations…) a. Becoming Deviant b. Phases of the Deviant Career 1 VI. Subcultures, Power, and “Unconventional Sentimentality” (5 min. video: The Wall) a. Chambliss: Saints and Roughnecks b. Sanchez Jankowski: Joining a Gang c. Fox: Real Punks and Pretenders PART II: THEORIES OF DEVIANCE AND SOCIETAL REACTION VII.
    [Show full text]
  • Deviance and Social Control
    Deviance and Social Control Summary of Topics Deviance and Social Control Functionalism and Deviance Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance Conflict Theory and Deviance Crime and Punishment What is Deviance? 1 Deviance and Social Control Deviance is the violation of social norms. It is difficult to define because not everyone agrees on what should be considered deviant behavior. The Nature of Deviance Deviance is behavior that departs from societal or group norms. Deviance is a matter of social definition–it can vary from group to group and society to society. In a diverse society,it is often difficult to agree on what is or is not deviant behavior. 2 Deviance may be either positive or negative. Negative deviance involves behavior that fails to meet accepted norms. People expressing negative deviance either reject the norms, misinterpret the norms, or are unaware of the norms. Positive deviance involves overconformity to norms. Positive deviants idealize group norms. Positive deviance can be as disruptive and hard to manage as negative deviance. The Nature of Deviance For a sociologist, a deviant is a person who has violated one or more of society’s most highly valued norms. Reactions to deviants are usually negative and involve attempts to change or control the deviant behavior. 3 Social Control Without social control– ways to promote conformity to norms–social life would be unpredictable. There are two broad types of social control: internal and external. What is internal social control? This type of social control lies within the individual. You are practicing internal social control when you do something because you know it is the right thing to do or when you don’t do something because you know it would be wrong.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Sociology 2E Openstax Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-375 Houston, Texas 77005
    Introduction to Sociology 2e OpenStax Rice University 6100 Main Street MS-375 Houston, Texas 77005 To learn more about OpenStax, visit http://openstaxcollege.org. Individual print copies and bulk orders can be purchased through our website. © 2015 Rice University. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Under this license, any user of this textbook or the textbook contents herein must provide proper attribution as follows: - If you redistribute this textbook in a digital format (including but not limited to EPUB, PDF, and HTML), then you must retain on every page the following attribution: “Download for free at https://cnx.org/content/col11762/latest/.” - If you redistribute this textbook in a print format, then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: “Download for free at https://cnx.org/content/col11762/latest/.” - If you redistribute part of this textbook, then you must retain in every digital format page view (including but not limited to EPUB, PDF, and HTML) and on every physical printed page the following attribution: “Download for free at https://cnx.org/content/col11762/latest/.” - If you use this textbook as a bibliographic reference, then you should cite it as follows: OpenStax, Introduction to Sociology 2e. OpenStax. 24 April 2015. <https://cnx.org/content/col11762/latest/>. For questions regarding this licensing, please contact [email protected]. Trademarks The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, OpenStax CNX logo, Connexions name, and Connexions logo are not subject to the license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written consent of Rice University.
    [Show full text]
  • Social Control and Deviance
    Social Control and Deviance Chapter 7: Social Control and Deviance Case Study: The Saints and the Roughnecks Section 1: Social Control Section 2: Deviance Section 3: Crime Experiment: Applying What You’ve Learned Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Social Control and Deviance Case Study: The Saints and the Roughnecks A 1973 article explored the different views that townspeople held of two teenage gangs, one called the Saints and one called the Roughnecks. The author of the article claimed that even though both gangs were violent, delinquent, and disruptive, townspeople agreed that the gang from the higher social class was not as much trouble as the gang from the lower social class. While objective observation concluded that both gangs were equally destructive, the differing views revealed much about the social preconceptions that were at work in the town. Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Social Control and Deviance Original Content Copyright © Holt McDougal. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Social Control and Deviance Section 1 at a Glance Social Control • People generally follow social norms—and expect others to as well—because they have internalized the norms that they feel are useful and appropriate. • When a person has not internalized a norm, society uses sanctions to motivate his or her conformity. • Sanctions can be positive or negative, formal or informal. • Social control is necessary to ensure that a society functions smoothly.
    [Show full text]
  • Deviance and a Social Construct : an in Class Activity
    Deviance and a Social Construct : An in Class Activity Suggested Citation: When using resources from TRAILS, please include a clear and legible citation Ulrich, Monika J. 2010. "Deviance and a Social Construct : An in Class Activity." Class Activity published in TRAILS: Teaching Resources and Innovations Library for Sociology. Originally published 2003 in Deviance and Social Control, edited by B. Hoffman and A. Demyan. Washington DC: American Sociological Association. (http://trails.asanet.org) Abstract: Purpose: To learn how deviance is socially determined Time: 30 minutes Preparation: Copy and pass out handout Details: Resource Types Class Activity Authors Monika J Ulrich University of Arizona Date Published 4/26/2010 Subject Area Social Control Class Level College 200 Class Size Language English Usage Notes: Learning Goals and Assessments: Goal Assessment Goal Assessment Goal Assessment Resource Files: Deviance and Social Control - Module 35.doc citation.docx DEVIANCE AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT: AN IN CLASS ACTIVITY Monika J. Ulrich Purpose: To learn how deviance is socially determined Time: 30 minutes Preparation: Copy and pass out handout Instructions to Students: You are an adoption social worker trying to choose the best home for placement of a child. You are examining ten homes. Please rank these homes from 1-10 based on your choice for a home (1 is your first choice...). Everything else in these homes is the same, except for these characteristics: A. _______ This family has replaced their normal toilets with composting toilets. Their toilets are filled with sawdust, and after use, they remove the feces and place it in a compost bin in the back yard.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 4  Anomie/Strainanomie/Strain Theorytheory Distribute
    CHAPTER 4 Anomie/StrainAnomie/Strain TheoryTheory distribute In April 1992, a young man from a well-to-do East Coast family hitchhiked to Alaska and walked alone into the wilderness north of Mt. McKinley. Four months later his decomposed bodyor was found by a party of moose hunters. His name turned out to be Christopher Johnson McCandless. He’d grown up, I learned, in an affluent suburb of Washington, D.C., where he’d excelled academically and had been an elite athlete. Immediately after graduation, with honors, from Emory University in the summer of 1990, McCandless dropped out of sight. He changed his name, gave the entire balance of a twenty-four-thousand-dollar savings account to charity, abandoned his car and most of his possessions, burned all the cash in his wallet. And then he invented a new life for himself, taking up residencepost, at the ragged margin of society, wandering across North America in search of raw, transcendent experience. His family had no idea where he was or what had become of him until his remains turned up in Alaska. — Jon Krakauer (1996), Into the Wild. Copyright 1996 by Jon Krakauer. Published by Anchor Books, a division of Random House, Inc. copy, Introduction Christopher McCandless grew up in a conforming, upper-middle-class family and seemed to be on the fast track to success. He graduated from Emory University with a 3.72 grade point average, and he spoke of going to law school. Instead, he turnednot his back on his family, adopted the new name of Alexander Supertramp, and set out to make his way alone in the wilderness.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 7: Deviance and Social Control
    CHAPTER 7 DevianceDeviance andand SocialSocial ControlControl 202 U S Your Sections I Sociological N Imagination 1. Deviance and G Social Control 2. Functionalism and hat would a Martian, after watch- Deviance ing an evening of prime-time W television, think about American 3. Symbolic Interactionism culture? If the impression of our culture were formed solely from these programs, and Deviance the Martian likely would conclude that the inhabitants of Earth are an exceptionally 4. Conflict Theory and violent people. If the Martian then began to Deviance display violent behavior, could we conclude that he or she had been watching too much 5. Crime and Punishment television? Before answering this question, think for Learning Objectives a moment about these statistics: Children aged two to eleven spend an average of twenty-eight hours per week watching tele- After reading this chapter, you will be able to vision (compared to thirty hours in school). Fifty-seven percent of television program- ❖ define deviance. ming contains violence. In one-quarter of ❖ define social control and identify the the violent interactions, a gun is used. major types of social control. Finally, in about three-quarters of all violent scenes, the persons committing the violent ❖ discuss the positive and negative acts go unpunished (National Television consequences of deviance. Violence Study, 1998). ❖ differentiate the major functional theories In the past sociologists have hesitated to of deviance. link violent behavior with exposure to tele- ❖ vision violence. But after hundreds of stud- discuss the conflict theory view of ies, researchers now confirm a link between deviance. televised aggression and personal aggres- ❖ describe four approaches to crime control.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 3. Theories of Delinquency
    distribute or ©iStockphoto.com/D-Keine post, Theories of 3 Delinquency copy, not Do 30 Copyright ©2020 by SAGE Publications, Inc. This work may not be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without express written permission of the publisher. CHAPTER 3 THEORIES OF DELINQUENCY 31 After reading this chapter you should be able to 1. Explain the importance of theory and research 2. Explain the differences between classical and biological theories of delinquency 3. Describe how psychological factors affect criminality 4. Discuss developmental and sociological theories of criminality Key Terms in Chapter 3 anomie the Enlightenment psychoanalysis antisocial personality focal concerns psychological school disorder free will rational choice theory atavistic general strain theory reintegrative shaming biological school general theory of crime routine activities theorydistribute biosocial theory hedonistic calculus secondary deviance causation inner containments serotonin Chicago school labeling social bond classical school Minnesota Multiphasic social disorganizationor collective efficacy Personality Inventory social ecology concentric zones (MMPI) social learning concordance modeling soft determinism containment theory neoclassicism somatotypes correlation neurotransmitters strain developmental theories nonspurious subculture differential association operant conditioningpost,symbolic interaction differential reinforcement outer containments techniques of dopamine phrenology neutralization ecological fallacy positivism theory empirical research primary deviance time sequence INTRODUCTIONcopy, The causes of crime and delinquency have not been understood until relatively recently. In the town of Salem, Massachusetts, for example, witchcraft trials held in the late 1600s resulted in the execution of 20 people—14 of whom were women. Five other people, notincluding two infants, died in prison. The witchcraft hysteria began in 1692 when two children, 9-year-old Betty Parris and 11-year-old Abigail Williams, experienced what might today be described as seizures.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociology 4111 (Uggen): Deviant Behavior 2014 Midterm Review
    Sociology 4111 (Uggen): Deviant Behavior 2014 Midterm Review PART I: BASIC CONCEPTS -- DEVIANCE, CONTROL, AND CAREERS I. Social Facts and Social Constructions II. Defining Deviance a. Basic Definitions of Deviance (Statistical, Absolutist, Reactivist, Normative) b. Adlers’ definition’s i. Deviance as violation of social norms (Attitudes, Behaviors, Conditions, Prescriptive norms, Proscriptive norms) ii. Role iii. Subcultures iv. Power v. Moral entrepreneurs c. Kai Erikson (1966): boundaries, commitment ceremonies, social stability d. Local Example: Power, threat, & voting: Behrens, Uggen, Manza (2003) i. US laws ii. Racial Threat and group threat more generally iii. Shift from “Jim Crow” to modern racism iv. Overall picture and Key Findings v. (racial) threat affected voting rights; definition of insider and outsider e. Norms and Typologies f. positive deviance and typologies g. Heckerts: 10 middle class norms: loyalty, privacy, prudence, conventionality, responsibility, participation, moderation, honesty, peacefulness, courtesy III. Social Controls and the Hobbesian Problem of Order a. Thomas Hobbes and “Hobbesian order” (political philosopher and tutor to elites) i. How can we create a society in which self-interested people don’t use force and fraud to satisfy their (criminal, sexual, substance-abusing …) wants? ii. 3 “solutions” to Hobbesian dilemma 1. Normative 2. Exchange 3. Conflict iii. Informal social controls iv. Formal social controls b. Social controls and constructions i. Deviant Events in Context ii. Joel Best: Social Constructionism (“the constructionist stance”) c. Race, Class, and formal control i. Brunson & Miller: gender, race, and police as social control ii. Bowling for Columbine “Corporate Cops” iii. Local perspective/Why focus on police? IV. Introduction to Deviant Careers (of people, firms, nations…) a.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Worksheet Deviance and Social Control
    Name Class Date CHAPTER 8 Review Worksheet Deviance and Social Control MATCH Match each item in the left column with its description in the right column. Write the letter of the correct description in the space provided. ______ 1. cultural transmission theory a. theory that focuses on why people con- form rather than on the causes of deviance ______ 2. primary deviance b. occurrence in a public setting in which an ______ 3. Robert K. Merton individual acquires the new identity of deviant ______ 4. labeling theory c. theory that views deviance as the natural ______ 5. stigma outgrowth of the values, norms, and structure of society ______ 6. Travis Hirschi d. nonconformity that results in the individ- ual being labeled as deviant and accepting ______ 7. degradation ceremony the label as true ______ 8. Richard Quinney e. sociologist whose work heavily influenced labeling theory ______ 9. deviance f. confusion that results when norms of ______10. control theory society are unclear or no longer applicable g. behavior that violates significant social ______11. secondary deviance norms ______12. anomie h. nonconformity that goes undetected by those in authority ______13. Edwin Lemert i. functionalist who developed strain theory ______14. Edwin Sutherland j. theory that views deviance as a learned behavior ______15. strain theory k. proposed the concept of differential association, suggesting that learning of deviant behavior occurs in primary groups l. control theorist who suggested that conformity is the result of self-control m. mark of social disgrace that sets the deviant apart from the rest of society n. theory that focuses on how individuals come to be identified as deviant o.
    [Show full text]
  • Theoretical Nexus Between Social Values, Deviance and Security in Nigeria
    E-ISSN 2281-4612 Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies Vol 2 No 3 ISSN 2281-3993 MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy November 2013 Theoretical Nexus between Social Values, Deviance and Security in Nigeria Dr. Ogaga Ayemo Obaro Department of Sociology and Anthropology University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected] Doi:10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n3p391 Abstract The aim of the article is to provide a theoretical nexus between social values, deviance and security in Nigeria. In Nigeria today, society at large is threatened by deviance, crime, conflict and violence which are violations of societal values and norms of security and welfare of the citizenry. People now show an increased interest in personal well-being and a decreased interest in the welfare of others. Citizens are not safe and secure on the streets, in their homes and offices. The paper posits that there should be a renewed awareness regarding social values and norms of security and welfare of the citizenry as taking precedence over all other subjects. Societal values and norms, and security and welfare of all citizens must be articulated. The paper challenges the collective lethargy of the state and the citizenry about societal values, norms and security, and effective measures to protect the rights to living and well being of all members of society, and so maintain a safe and secure environment for all citizens. Keywords: Social, Values, Deviance, Insecurity, Nigeria 1. Introduction The security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of Government (Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999). But in Nigeria today the state and citizens are subjected to violations of core values and norms, and exposed to danger even by the very governments that are maintained with their taxes.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 7: Deviance and Social Control
    Chapter Deviance and 7 Social Control Sections 1. Deviance and Social Control 2. Functionalism and Deviance 3. Symbolic Interactionism and Deviance 4. Confl ict Theory and Deviance 5. Crime and Punishment Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you will be able to • defi ne deviance. • defi ne social control and identify the major types of social control. • discuss the positive and negative consequences of deviance. • differentiate the major func- tional theories of deviance. • discuss the confl ict theory view of deviance. • describe four approaches to crime control. 202 Applying Sociology In any society, there are some people whose behavior stands out from the norm. In American society, deviance can be hard to define because there is so much cultural diversity. Senior citizens who live in a small town might define the tongue-piercing some teenagers practice as deviant. Most teenagers in New York or Los Angeles might not do so. For sociologists, the term deviance refers to behavior that violates very im- portant social norms. The most obvious example is crime. It is often possible to understand how deviant a crime is by the severity of the punishment. The photo at left gives some clues to the way deviance is relative to the society in which it occurs. Here women prisoners in Arizona are being readied for a march to a chain gang site. First we are dealing with women who deviat- ed from the norms of their society and imprisoned. Then these women violated prison norms. Their punishment was to be put in “lockdown” —four women are shut into a cell 8 x 12 feet wide for 23 hours a day.
    [Show full text]