Deviance Chapter 7 Section 1 1. Define deviance and then state 2 examples of deviance that you consider to be extremes (one very slight deviance and one that is super deviant). 1. Define deviance and then state 2 examples of deviance that you consider to be extremes (one very slight deviance and one that is super deviant). Deviance behavior that departs from societal or group norms examples? Deviance behavior that departs from societal or group norms examples? *Deviant - person who breaks significant societal or group norms 2. Define negative deviance and positive deviance and then state an example that is not in the book for each. 2. Define negative deviance and positive deviance and then state an example that is not in the book for each. negative deviance behavior that under conforms to accepted norms (not doing what is expected of you) committing a crime, being a drop- out, dressing or acting in an odd manner 2. Define negative deviance and positive deviance and then state an example that is not in the book for each. positive deviance behavior that over conforms to social expectations (uncommon) earning a doctorate, earning an Olympic medal, someone who fosters or adopts numerous children 17. Explain the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance. primary deviance - deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept secondary deviance - deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms 3. Do you know someone that would be considered a deviant? If you feel comfortable, please share her/his story. 4. Define social control. Social control ways to encourage conformity to society’s norms 5. Explain internal social control. internal social control control within an individual; socialization process 6. Explain external social control external social control social sanctions; rewards or punishments to encourage conformity to norms 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 1. Right and wrong changes from culture to culture (and group to group). 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 2. Notions of deviance change over time. wearing jeans to a wake/visitation tattoos 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 3. It varies depending on who is performing it. 7. Explain the major problems sociologists have in defining deviance. 4. Behavior is evaluated in the context that it is performed. 8. What does the functionalist perspective emphasize? social stability how different parts of society contribute to the whole some functionalists do believe that deviance can benefit society 9. What are negative consequences of deviance? society with widespread suspicion and distrust cannot function smoothly deviance stimulates more deviance in others deviant behavior can be expensive 10. How does deviance benefit society? clarifies norms and social support for them can promote needed social change can be a stress reliever increases unity within a society or group anomie - when norms are weak, conflicting or absent in a society Durkheim saw that anomie could happen in a changing society (often due to extremes in the economy). 1980’s - Wall Street/drugs/homelessness anomie can lead to “strain”... 11. Explain Robert Merton’s strain theory in your own words. Strain Theory deviance is more likely to occur when a gap exists between cultural goals and the ability to achieve these goals by legitimate means 12. Turn to page 234 and complete #6 in “Reviewing the Facts.” SEE GRAPHIC ORGANIZER Innovation individual accepts success as a goal, but uses illegal means to achieve it stockbrokers who break the law, shoplifter Ritualism individual rejects success as a goal, but uses legitimate means someone who “goes through the motions” (retail clerk?) Retreatism individual rejects the goal and legitimate means someone who “drops out of society” (street person?) Rebellion individual rejects success as a goal and legitimate means, and creates new set of goals and means cult member, anarchist 13. Do you agree with Travis Hirschi’s control theory? Why or why not? Control Theory compliance with social norms requires strong bonds between individuals and society (strong bonds include: attachment with others, commitment to the social goals, involvement in social activities) 14. Explain the differential association theory in your own words. individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts they are exposed to 14. Explain the differential association theory in your own words. if you hang out (associate) with deviants, you are more likely to become deviant 15. List the 3 characteristics that affect differential association. 1. The ratio of deviant to non-deviant individuals. A person who knows mostly deviants is more likely to learn deviant behavior. 15. List the 3 characteristics that affect differential association. 2. Whether the deviant behavior is practiced by significant others. A person is more likely to copy deviant behavior from a significant other than from people less important to her/ him. 15. List the 3 characteristics that affect differential association. 3. The age of exposure. Younger children learn deviant behavior more quickly than older children. 16. The labeling theory explains the “relativity of deviance.” Explain in your own words or through an example what this means. Labeling Theory society creates deviance by identifying particular members as deviant unwed teen mothers are more negatively sanctioned than unwed teen fathers female body builders are seen as “more deviant” than male body builders 17. Explain the difference between primary and secondary deviance. primary deviance - deviance involving occasional breaking of norms that is not a part of a person’s lifestyle or self-concept secondary deviance - deviance in which an individual’s life and identity are organized around breaking society’s norms 18. Give an example that is not in the book of a person or group that has a stigma. stigma - an undesirable trait or label that is used to characterize an individual textbook examples: convict, disabled person, unemployed person 19. Explain deviance according to the conflict perspective. 19. Explain deviance according to the conflict perspective. People in power determine what is deviant based on what they see as threatening to their way of life and determine the punishments for deviance. The powerful are protecting their status. 20. List 3 of the statistics that help support the conflict perspective that the people in power determine the punishment for deviance and are more harsh with minorities in our society. Even when the offense is the same, blacks and Hispanics are more likely than whites to be convicted, and they serve more time in prison than whites. source: NAACP Blacks account for 13.6% of the population in the U.S. The national prison population is 39% black. The national death row population is 42% black. source: The Atlantic As of 2001, 1 in 6 black men had been incarcerated. If current trend continues, 1 in 3 black males born today can expect to spend time in prison during his lifetime. source: NAACP Innocent black people are approximately 7x as likely to be convicted of murder as innocent white people, according to a review of 1,900 exonerations. source: Time magazine, March 20, 2017 The lower class are more likely to be: scrutinized arrested spend time between arrest and trial in jail go to trial found guilty given harsh punishment 21. Do you believe victim discounting occurs? If you are able, give an example of victim discounting that you are aware of. victim discounting - process of reducing the seriousness of the crimes that injure people of lower status Would a burglary on the East side get as much attention from the media and/or police as a burglary on the West side? 22. List 4 examples of white collar crime. white collar crime - job related crimes committed by high status people 22. List 4 examples of white collar crime. price fixing insider trading (Martha Stewart) embezzlement (Southeast H.S.) industrial pollution tax evasion 23. Why do you believe society accepts much more lenient punishments for white collar crime versus street crime? 23. Why do you believe society accepts much more lenient punishments for white collar crime versus street crime? overcrowded jails non-violent victims can be more ambiguous (corporation versus an individual) 24. According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, has crime in the U.S., overall, increased or decreased in the past year? How about in the past 10 years? google “FBI crime in the U.S. 2015” look at “Table 1” (on the far right) 24. According to the FBI’s Uniform Crime Reports, has crime in the U.S., overall, increased or decreased in the past year? How about in the past 10 years? 2014-15 — increased the past 10 years — decreased 25. Indicate whether the approaches to punishment listed below are rehabilitation (R), deterrence (D), retribution (RB) or incarceration (I). A. imprisonment without parole B. longer prison sentences C. extremely harsh prison conditions D. psychological counseling in prison E. swift justice A. imprisonment without parole I B. longer prison sentences D or I C. extremely harsh prison conditions D D. psychological counseling in prison R E. swift justice D 26. Tell whether you think the following approaches to punishment are effective and explain why or why not. rehabilitation deterrence retribution incarceration 27. Has research supported the position that the death penalty deters crime? 27. Has research supported the position that the death penalty deters crime? No, research has not supported the position that the threat of capital punishment deters crime. and one more definition... recidivism - a repetition of or return to criminal behavior Now let’s practice this vocabulary! Complete “Reviewing Vocabulary” on p.