DOCSLIB.ORG

Download the Book from RBSI Archive

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Download the Book from RBSI Archive Mxlras Uolverrfty ffiatorical Series-No. 16 * "A GENERAL EDITOR : PROFESSOR K. A. NILAKANTA SASTRI EARLY HISTORY OF THE ANDHRA COUNTRY THE SATAVAHANA EMPIRE CM CSl *o N w w eo O H OJ CO r-t H r1 rH THeais approved for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy PRINTED BY G. 0* fMBftft; MAMtU, COOTENTS PAGES Foreword . ix Preface . xi Chapter I. Introductory .. 1-3 Chapter IL ORIGINS OF SATAVAHANA POWER Materials for a study of Satavahana history The old theory Epigraphic, numismatic and literary evidence against it 4- 27 Chapter III. THE EARLY SATAVAHANAS The Starting point Founder of the dynasty : Simuka- Kanha I Siri-Satakani I Satakarni : Meaning Sata- kani's Imperial Position Satakani I Kharavela Syn- chronism? Hakusiri Satisiri Skandastambhi Sata- kani II Apflaka His reign: Extent of his kingdom Hala Hala : meaning of the name Events of his reign . 28-43 Chapter IV. THE LATER SATAVAHANAS (a) Gotamlputa Siri-Satakani (i) Metronymics (ii) Gotamiputa Siri-Satakani and the Ksaharatas Ksaharata inroads into Satavahana dominions Bhumaka Naha- pana (iii) Comparative Chronology of Gotamlputa Satakani and Nahapana The Satakarni of the Girnar inscription (iv) Gotamiputa Satakani cannot be identified with Gotamlputa Vilivayakura of the coins (v) Gotamlputa's empire (b) Pulumavi II Messrs R. G. and D. R. Bhandarkars' theory of the conjoint rule of Gotamiputa Siri-Satakani and Pulumavi His dominions (c) Siva Siri-Satakani (d) Sivamaka Sada (Satakani) (e) Matfhariputa Sakasena Satakani (f) Gotamiputa Siri-Yana Satakani (g) Vasithlputa Cada Sfiti (h) Pulumavi m ..44-72 Chapter V. ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE SATAVAHANA EMPIRE Royal Succession The King Feudatories Nature of the titles: MahSbhoja Mahabhoji Mahara{his Mahfi- senapatis Officials and administrative divisions Appen- dix A : The Alluru inscription . 73-90 vi CONTENTS PAGES Chapter VI. SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS I. Social conditions Foreign elements in Hindu and Bud- dhist Society Yavanas and Sakas in Eastern Deccan Family ^omen Luxuries Names Place Names Military arrangements II. Economic conditions : Foreign trade: Seaports: Eastern Ports Western Porte Market-towns in the interior : Western Deccan Eastern Deccan Merchants Coins and trade Indus- trial and Commercial organisation Land III. Religion: Buddhism in Eastern Deccan Western Deccan Sects : Buddhist Sects in Western Deccan Eastern Deccan Monks and Nuns Brahmanical Religion 91-124 Chapter VIL THE IK^VAKUS THIRD CENTURY A.D. The Puranic label for the Iksvaku kings Duration of the dynasty Home of the Iksvakus Rise of the Iksvakus The founder of the line Siri Camtamula ' "The Unosbtructed His reign His personality, sisters and queens Conclusion Virapurisadata Alliance with the powerful house of Castana Other queens Alliance with the Cu^us The Buddhist monuments of his reign Ehuvula Camtamula Buddhist monuments of his reign Buddhism of the period Ceylon and Nagarjuriikon^a Buddhist Canonical Books Mentioned ^Administration : Administrative divisions Officials Official Titles: MahS- senapati Mahatalavara Mahadan^anayaka Other con- clusions 125-150 Chapter VHI. KINGS OF THE B^HATPHALAYANA GOTRA Chronology The rise of the dynasty The capital of Jayavarman Administrative organisation 151-182 Siapter IX. THE VAINGEYAKAS Salankayana A Gotra and not a Dynastic Name Salankayana not the name of a tribe Salankayana of the inscriptions has nothing to do with the bull banner of the Vaingeyakas The Dynastic Name adopted here is 'Vaihgeyaka* Origins of the Dynasty Devavarman : He was not the first king of the line But was. predecessor of Hastivarman Date of Deva- varman Events of his reign Extent of his kingdom Importance of Devavarman's Grant Hastivarman Nandivarman I: A misconception about him Nandi- varman of the Kanteru grant is probably Nandivarman I Extent of his kingdom Can<Javarman Nandi- varman n Skandavartnan Contemporary Powers- Section II: Government, Religion and Social Life: Administrative units Officers Offices borrowed The Citrarathasvimi Cult Religion 163-134 CONTENTS vii PAGES Chapter X.-THE KANDARAS Dynastic Appellation Kandara: Meaning King Kandara : His date Rise of the Dynasty Extent of his kingdom Damodaravarman : His place in the Kandara genealogy His date Attivarman His grant Atti- vannan's statusReligion and Social life Appendix B .. 185-199 Chapter XI. THE VISNUKUNDINS Visnukuntfin Genealogy .. 200-208 Additional Note to Chapters III and IV .. 209-216 Index . 217-226 FOREWORD Dr. K. Gopalachari's book comprises the results of the re- search he carried on in this department in the years 1934-36. The subject of his study, The Early History of the Andhra Country, is well known in its outline but is full of many little problems in epigraphy and archaeology that need elucidation. Dr. Gopalachari's thesis does not claim in any way to revolutionise of its our interpretation the history of the period ; value consists in a large number of detailed suggestions confirming results now generally accepted by stronger arguments or bringing forward fresh points of view. Parts of the thesis may be found therefore highly technical and possibly of little interest to the general reader; but there is much in the thesis not merely in the selection of facts but also in their elucidation and presentation that I hope will be recognised to be of permanent value to all historians of India. I have great pleasure in tendering on behalf of Dr. Gopala- chari and myself our sincere thanks to the Syndicate of the Uni- versity of Madras for their sanctioning the inclusion of the work in the Departmental series. University Buildings, Triplicane, Madras, K. A. N. 15th Sept. 1941. PREFACE This book represents my work as a research scholar in the Department of Indian History in the University of Madras from 1934 to 1936. It is an attempt to present a connected history of the Andhras and the Andhra country from the earliest times to the advent of the Eastern Calukyas. The Visj^ukim^ins had to be brought into the picture as they close the epoch* A full account of the dynasty would have involved a study of Ae many contempo- rary dynasties and increased the bulk of the volume. So the last chapter is a compromise) a treatment of the skirts and fringes of the subject. The first five chapters traverse a field covered long ago by great scholars like Prof. Rapson, R. G. Bhandarkar and Bhaga- wanlal Indraji and unruffled by startling discoveries. This has I saved me from pioneering work ; but have had the difficult task of challenging great names and accepted conclusions. An inde- pendent study of inscriptions and monuments in situ has neces- sitated my doing so in some cases. Palaeography and the dis- covery of a few coins like the Apilaka coin and the silver coin of Vasithlputa Sataka^i have enabled me to reconstruct Andhra and K^atrapa chronology on less insecure foundations and ques- tion Rapson's identification of Pulumavi with the son-in-law of Rudradaman. The much neglected social, economic and cultural conditions of the period, upon which a flood of light is thrown by inscriptions and Buddhist remains, have been dealt with at length. One of the conclusions which should not be lost sight of is that the Satavahanas were Andhras but began their political career in Western Deccaru The second period in Andhra history beginning with the Iksvakus, one of many short-lived dynasties, is a comparatively unexplored field. The evidence is also scanty. I have built up the chronological scheme with the help of palaeography. A fuller chapter on the Iksvakus than anything written before, the date of the Brhatphaliyanas, Kandara and Vaingeyaka genealogy and chronology are some of the contributions to the subject D. C. Sircar's monograph on The Successors of the Sdtavahanas in East- ern Deccan was published while I was writing my thesis. I am idi PREFACE indebted to him only for the Vi^nukun^in genealogy, but even here I have modified his conclusions with the help of palaeography. The Akola hoard of S&tavahana coins discovered in 1939 does not necessitate a modification or abandonment of the conclusions reached in the thesis. Some of the epigraphical notes in the thesis have been pub- lished in VoL XXTV No. 6 of Epigraphia Jndica. My task of reading the Alluru inscription has been greatly"* facilitated by the article 6f Rao Bahadur C. R. Krishnamacharlu waiting for publication in the Epigraphia Indica. The manuscript was with me whej^i I was reading the inscription. Readings like 'ailasa* and Vadalabhikaro', to mention only a few and the transla- tions of a few words I owe to the article. I am indebted toJProf , V. V. Mirashi of Nagpur for promptly supplying me a copy of the photograph of the coins of the Akola hoard mentioned above as also his readings. Professor K. A. Nilakanta Sastri has more than guided me in my work. Discussions with him have led me to new lines of approach and new conclusions. Apart from specific suggestions, I owe to him in no small measure the habit of minute attention to details and of exactitude. K. G. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Epigraphia Indica EC Epigraphia Carnatica IA Indian Antiquary JA Journal Asiatique ASWI Archaeological Survey of Western India ASSI Archaeological Survey of Southern India CTI Cave Temples of Western India Burgess and Indraji JRAS Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society JBBRAS Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asia- tic Society JBORS Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society JASB Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal YB of the AS of B Year-Book of the Asiatic Society of Bengal CAI Coins of Ancient India, Cunningham CSI Coins of Southern India, Elliot ZDMG Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft CIC Catalogue of the Indian Coins in the British Museum ARE Annual Report on Epigraphy (Madras) ASR Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report BG Bombay Gazetteer ABRI Annals of the Bhandarkar Research Institute SBE >Sacred Books of the East ABIA Annual Bibliography of Indian Archaeology M.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 5. from Janapadas to Empire
    MODULE - 1 Ancient India 5 Notes FROM JANAPADAS TO EMPIRE In the last chapter we studied how later Vedic people started agriculture in the Ganga basin and settled down in permanent villages. In this chapter, we will discuss how increased agricultural activity and settled life led to the rise of sixteen Mahajanapadas (large territorial states) in north India in sixth century BC. We will also examine the factors, which enabled Magadh one of these states to defeat all others to rise to the status of an empire later under the Mauryas. The Mauryan period was one of great economic and cultural progress. However, the Mauryan Empire collapsed within fifty years of the death of Ashoka. We will analyse the factors responsible for this decline. This period (6th century BC) is also known for the rise of many new religions like Buddhism and Jainism. We will be looking at the factors responsible for the emer- gence of these religions and also inform you about their main doctrines. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to explain the material and social factors (e.g. growth of agriculture and new social classes), which became the basis for the rise of Mahajanapada and the new religions in the sixth century BC; analyse the doctrine, patronage, spread and impact of Buddhism and Jainism; trace the growth of Indian polity from smaller states to empires and list the six- teen Mahajanapadas; examine the role of Ashoka in the consolidation of the empire through his policy of Dhamma; recognise the main features– administration, economy, society and art under the Mauryas and Identify the causes of the decline of the Mauryan empire.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Greek Classics Model on Indian Era
    Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education Vol. 13, Issue No. 2, July-2017, ISSN 2230-7540 Impact of Greek Classics Model on Indian Era Ms. Sangeeta* Assistant Professor, Arya Kanya Gurukul, Village More -Majra, Distt. Karnal, Haryana, India Abstract – The ancient Greeks were the “inventors” of more elements of civilization than any other people of the world. These elements of civilization can be viewed among historical writings especially associated with Herodotus and Thucydides, and the evolution of Democracy having foundational seeds in Athens. The Greeks view of the world was predominantly secular and rationalistic. It exalted the spirit of free inquiry and preferred knowledge to faith. With only a limited cultural inheritance of the past upon which to build, the Greeks produced intellectual and artistic monuments that had served ever since as standards of achievement. So in some ways the single most legacy of the ancient Greece is the civilization in India and ancient era is particularly influenced by the Greeks, especially in Art, language, culture and mostly covers the all aspects of Human life. This article is an attempt to explore cultural and religious evolution of India as an outcome of Indo Greek interaction. It further attempts to answer that why and how the India was influenced by the Greeks, Subsequently the Indian art particularly Gandhara appeared as the world’s famous Art of India. Keywords: Greek, Classics Model, Indian Era, Culture, People, World, Civilization, Evolution, Achievement, Human Life, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - INTRODUCTION REVIEW OF LITERATURE: The advent of Greeks in India dates back from 6th The role of Greeks in India is largely associated with century (BC) to 5th century (AD) as an outcome of invasion of Alexander on India; whereas, the historical Greek expedition towards Persia.
    [Show full text]
  • Pliny the Elder and the Problem of Regnum Hereditarium*
    Pliny the Elder and the Problem of Regnum Hereditarium* MELINDA SZEKELY Pliny the Elder writes the following about the king of Taprobane1 in the sixth book of his Natural History: "eligi regem a populo senecta clementiaque, liberos non ha- bentem, et, si postea gignat, abdicari, ne fiat hereditarium regnum."2 This account es- caped the attention of the majority of scholars who studied Pliny in spite of the fact that this sentence raises three interesting and debated questions: the election of the king, deposal of the king and the heredity of the monarchy. The issue con- cerning the account of Taprobane is that Pliny here - unlike other reports on the East - does not only use the works of former Greek and Roman authors, but he also makes a note of the account of the envoys from Ceylon arriving in Rome in the first century A. D. in his work.3 We cannot exclude the possibility that Pliny himself met the envoys though this assumption is not verifiable.4 First let us consider whether the form of rule described by Pliny really existed in Taprobane. We have several sources dealing with India indicating that the idea of that old and gentle king depicted in Pliny's sentence seems to be just the oppo- * The study was supported by OTKA grant No. T13034550. 1 Ancient name of Sri Lanka (until 1972, Ceylon). 2 Plin. N. H. 6, 24, 89. Pliny, Natural History, Cambridge-London 1989, [19421], with an English translation by H. Rackham. 3 Plin. N. H. 6, 24, 85-91. Concerning the Singhalese envoys cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Bharati Volume 4
    SARASVATI Bharati Volume 4 Gold bead; Early Dynastic necklace from the Royal Cemetery; now in the Leeds collection y #/me raed?sI %/-e A/hm! #N/m! Atu?vm! , iv/Èaim?Sy r]it/ e/dm! -ar?t jn?m! . (Vis'va_mitra Ga_thina) RV 3.053.12 I have made Indra glorified by these two, heaven and earth, and this prayer of Vis'va_mitra protects the race of Bharata. [Made Indra glorified: indram atus.t.avam-- the verb is the third preterite of the casual, I have caused to be praised; it may mean: I praise Indra, abiding between heaven and earth, i.e. in va_kdevi Sarasvati the firmament]. Dr. S. Kalyanaraman Babasaheb (Umakanta Keshav) Apte Smarak Samiti Bangalore 2003 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com SARASVATI: Bharati by S. Kalyanaraman Copyright Dr. S. Kalyanaraman Publisher: Baba Saheb (Umakanta Keshav) Apte Smarak Samiti, Bangalore Price: (India) Rs. 500 ; (Other countries) US $50 . Copies can be obtained from: S. Kalyanaraman, 3 Temple Avenue, Srinagar Colony, Chennai, Tamilnadu 600015, India email: [email protected] Tel. + 91 44 22350557; Fax 24996380 Baba Saheb (Umakanta Keshav) Apte Smarak Samiti, Yadava Smriti, 55 First Main Road, Seshadripuram, Bangalore 560020, India Tel. + 91 80 6655238 Bharatiya Itihasa Sankalana Samiti, Annapurna, 528 C Saniwar Peth, Pune 411030 Tel. +91 020 4490939 Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data Kalyanaraman, Srinivasan. Sarasvati/ S. Kalyanaraman Includes bibliographical references and index 1.River Sarasvati. 2. Indian Civilization. 3. R.gveda Printed in India at K. Joshi and Co., 1745/2 Sadashivpeth, Near Bikardas Maruti Temple, Pune 411030, Bharat ISBN 81-901126-4-0 FIRST PUBLISHED: 2003 2 PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com About the Author Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Component-I (A) – Personal Details
    Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas
    The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas Peter Flügel1 (SOAS) Abstract This article gives an overview of recent findings on the thriving cult of bone relic stūpas in contemporary Jaina culture. Although Jaina doctrine rejects the worship of material objects, fieldwork in India on the hitherto unstudied current Jaina mortuary rituals furnished clear evidence for the ubiquity of bone relic stūpas and relic venera- tion across the Jaina sectarian spectrum. The article discusses a representative case and assesses the significance of the overall findings for the history of religions. It also offers a new theoretical explanation of the power of relics. Keywords Jaina relic stūpas, mortuary rituals, Vallabha Samudāya, cultural unconscious, theory of generalized symbolic media, relics as social forms 1) I am indebted to Ācārya Vijaya Virendra Sūri, Muni Rajendra Vijaya, Sādhvī Suvratā Śrī, Rāj Kumār Jain, Tejpāl Jain, Vinod N. Dalal, Kīrti Prasād Jain, N. P. Jain, S. Sheth, M. P. Sheth and other members and supporters of the Vallabha Samudāya for their generous help during field research in India, and to Janet Leigh Foster for enhancing the quality of the photos of images selected from the photo albums of the Vallabha Smāraka which were taken with permission. Without the support of Ācārya Mahāprajña, Ācārya Śivmuni, Pravartaka Umeśmuni, Salāhakāra Dineś Muni, Upap- ravartaka Gautama Muni, Sādhvī Ārcanā, Mūḍabidarī Bhatṭ ārakạ Cārukīrti, Sohanlāl Sañcetī, and other Jains in India, my research on Jaina relic stūpas would not have been possible. I would like to thank all of them. I also wish to express my gratitude to Bansidhar Bhatt, Willem B.
    [Show full text]
  • Kanvas (73 BC – 28 BC) Cheti Dynasty (Kalinga) Satavahanas
    Kanvas (73 BC – 28 BC) As per the puranas, there were four kings of the Kanva dynasty namely, Vasudeva, Bhumimitra, Narayana and Susarman. The Kanvas were Brahmins. The Magadha Empire had diminished by this time considerably. Northwest region was under the Greeks and parts of the Gangetic plains were under different rulers. The last Kanva king Susarman was killed by the Satavahana (Andhra) king. Cheti Dynasty (Kalinga) The Cheti or Chedi dynasty emerged in Kalinga in the 1st century BC. The Hathigumpha inscription situated near Bhubaneswar gives information about it. This inscription was engraved by king Kharavela who was the third Cheti king. Kharavela was a follower of Jainism. Other names of this dynasty are Cheta or Chetavamsa, and Mahameghavahana. Satavahanas The Satavahana rule is believed to have started around the third century BC, in 235 BC and lasted until the second century AD. Some experts believe their rule started in the first century BC only. They are referred to as Andhras in the Puranas. The Satavahana kingdom chiefly comprised of modern-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra. At times, their rule also included parts of Karnataka, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Their capital cities varied at different times. Pratishthana (Paithan) and Amaravati were its capitals. Simuka founded the dynasty. They were the first native Indian rulers to issue their own coins with the portraits of the rulers. This practice was started by Gautamiputra Satakarni who derived the practice from the Western Satraps after defeating them. The coin legends were in Prakrit language. Some reverse coin legends are in Telugu, Tamil and Kannada.
    [Show full text]
  • Intricacy of Certain Verses of Āryabhatīya and Jain Tradition
    Intricacy of Certain Verses of Āryabhat ī ya and Jain Tradition – Identification of Asmaka as Sravanabelgola-Camravattam Jain Country K. Chandra Hari ƒ Abstract The conclusions that got derived from astronomical considerations about the homeland of Ārybhat a viz Camravattam (10N51, 75E45) is shown to receive additional support from the socio-cultural factors related to the Jaina tradition in Kerala and South India. It is shown that the A śmaka referred to by Bh āskara-I is the South Indian Jain settlement around Sravan abelgol a (12N51, 76E29) and Dharmasthala (12N53, 75E23) – place receiving the name A śmaka in Jaina canons because of the great stone monoliths at the place. A number of circumstantial evidences have been adduced in support of the above conclusions: (a) Verse 9 of K ālakriy ā giving the Jaina 12 fold division of Yuga (b) Verse 5 of Da śag ītik ā which speaks of Bharata, the first Universal emperor of Jains who accessed the throne from the Ādin ātha R s abhadeva at the beginning of Apasarpin ī Kaliyuga. Āryabhat a’s rejection of the 4:3:2:1 cycle of Kr t ādi yugas based on the Smr tis provide attestation to the new interpretation attempted of the verse (c) Verse 11 of Gol a referring to Nandana-vana and Meru represents terminology borrowed from Tiloyapan n atti of Jains (d) References to Bramah the primordial deity of Jains in verses 1 of Gan it ā and 49, 50 of Gol a (e) Use of Kali Era having the distinct signature of Aryabhata for the first time in South India with the Aihole inscription of the C ālukya King Pulike śi-II.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonagiri: Steeped in Faith
    T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S Datia Palace: Forgotten Marvel of Bundelkhand Sonagiri: Steeped in Faith Dashavatar Temple: A Gupta-Era Wonder Deogarh’s Buddhist Caves Chanderi and its weaves The Beauty of Shivpuri Kalpi – A historic town I N T R O D U C T I O N Jhansi city also serves as a perfect base for day trips to visit the historic region around it. To the west of Jhansi lies the city of Datia, known for the beautiful palace built by Bundela ruler Bir Singh Ju Dev and the splendid Jain temple complex known as Sonagir. To the south, in the Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh lies Deogarh, one of the most important sites of ancient India. Here lies the famous Dashavatar temple, cluster of Jain temples as well as hidden Buddhist caves by the Betwa river, dating as early as 5th century BCE. Beyond Deogarh lies Chanderi , one of the most magnificent forts in India. The town is also famous for its beautiful weave and its Chanderi sarees. D A T I A P A L A C E Forgotten Marvel of Bundelkhand The spectacular Datia Palace, in Datia District of Madhya Pradesh, is one of the finest examples of Bundelkhand architecture that arose in the late 16th and early 17th centuries in the region under the Bundela Rajputs. Did you know that this palace even inspired Sir Edward Lutyens, the chief architect of New Delhi? Popularly known as ‘Govind Mahal’ or ‘Govind Mandir’ by local residents, the palace was built by the powerful ruler of Orchha, Bir Singh Ju Dev (r.
    [Show full text]
  • POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Introduction
    Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Introduction After the death of Ashoka, his successors were not able to keep the vast Mauryan Empire intact. The provinces started declaring their independence. The northwest India slipped out of the control of the Mauryas and a series of foreign invasions affected this region. Kalinga declared its independence and in the further south the Satavahanas established their independent rule. As a result, the Mauryan rule was confined to the Gangetic valley and it was soon replaced by the Sunga dynasty. Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Shunga Dynasty Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Shunga Dynasty The founder of the Shunga dynasty was Pushyamitra Shunga, who was the commander- in-chief under the Mauryas. He assassinated the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha and usurped the throne. The most important challenge to the Shunga rule was to protect North India against the invasions of the Bactrian Greeks from the northwest. The Greeks advanced up to Pataliputra and occupied it for sometime. However, Pushyamitra succeeded in regaining the lost territory. He also fought a campaign against Kharavela of Kalinga who invaded north India. Chapter 7: POST MAURYAN EMPIRE Shunga Dynasty The founder of the Shunga dynasty was Pushyamitra Shunga, who was the commander- in-chief under the Mauryas. He assassinated the last Mauryan ruler Brihadratha and usurped the throne. The most important challenge to the Shunga rule was to protect North India against the invasions of the Bactrian Greeks from the northwest. The Greeks advanced up to Pataliputra and occupied it for sometime. However, Pushyamitra succeeded in regaining the lost territory.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic and Cultural History of Tamilnadu from Sangam Age to 1800 C.E
    I - M.A. HISTORY Code No. 18KP1HO3 SOCIO – ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF TAMILNADU FROM SANGAM AGE TO 1800 C.E. UNIT – I Sources The Literay Sources Sangam Period The consisted, of Tolkappiyam a Tamil grammar work, eight Anthologies (Ettutogai), the ten poems (Padinen kell kanakku ) the twin epics, Silappadikaram and Manimekalai and other poems. The sangam works dealt with the aharm and puram life of the people. To collect various information regarding politics, society, religion and economy of the sangam period, these works are useful. The sangam works were secular in character. Kallabhra period The religious works such as Tamil Navalar Charital,Periyapuranam and Yapperumkalam were religious oriented, they served little purpose. Pallava Period Devaram, written by Apper, simdarar and Sambandar gave references tot eh socio economic and the religious activities of the Pallava age. The religious oriented Nalayira Tivya Prabandam also provided materials to know the relation of the Pallavas with the contemporary rulers of South India. The Nandikkalambakam of Nandivarman III and Bharatavenba of Perumdevanar give a clear account of the political activities of Nandivarman III. The early pandya period Limited Tamil sources are available for the study of the early Pandyas. The Pandikkovai, the Periyapuranam, the Divya Suri Carita and the Guruparamparai throw light on the study of the Pandyas. The Chola Period The chola empire under Vijayalaya and his successors witnessed one of the progressive periods of literary and religious revival in south India The works of South Indian Vishnavism arranged by Nambi Andar Nambi provide amble information about the domination of Hindu religion in south India.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism in the Northern Deccan Under The
    BUDDHISM IN THE NORTHERN DECCAN UNDER THE SATAVAHANA RULERS C a ' & C > - Z Z f /9> & by Jayadevanandasara Hettiarachchy Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of London 1973* ProQuest Number: 10731427 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731427 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This study deals with the history of Buddhism in the northern Deccan during the Satavahana period. The first chapter examines the evidence relating to the first appearance of Buddhism in this area, its timing and the support by the state and different sections of the population. This is followed by a discussion of the problems surrounding the chronology of the Satavahana dynasty and evidence is advanced to support the ’shorter chronology*. In the third chapter the Buddhist monuments attributable to the Satavahana period are dated utilising the chronology of the Satavahanas provided in the second chapter. The inscriptional evidence provided by these monuments is described in detail. The fourth chapter contains an analysis and description of the sects and sub-sects which constituted the Buddhist Order.
    [Show full text]