Kharavela : the Great Philanthropic Emperor

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Kharavela : the Great Philanthropic Emperor Orissa Review * April - 2007 Kharavela : The Great Philanthropic Emperor Jayanti Rath Jainism is one of the most ancient religions, which The coronation of Kaharavela seems to have been emerged as a result of pure non-violent and performed with great pomp and grandeur amidst humanitarian approach towards all living beings. high hopes and aspirations, and the young king It grew up with a profound progressive attitude appeared to have cherished the desire to attain and judicious understanding of special the idealism enumerated in ancient scriptures. That requirements and philosophically indispensable he achieved astounding success as a ruler is necessities of the time. The Jaina thinkers had attested to by his biographical account recorded discussed at length long ago as to how one can in the Hathigumpha inscription and by the record protect one's environment and save himself, of his chief queen engraved in the upper storey of society, nation and all creatures form natural the Manchapuri Cave (Udayagiri hill) proudly calamities through non-violence and non- declaring him as Charkravarti Monarch.1 possession and mutual co-operation. Arya Mahameghabahana Cheti-Raja-Vamsa- In the first regnal year, he devoted his Vardhana Maharaja Sri Kharavela, the mighty attention to strengthen the defence of the capital emperor of Kalinga was out and out a Jaina in Kaliga Nagari, the fortification of which had been the true sense of this philosophy. damaged by cyclonic storm (Batyahata) The reign of Kharavela is a significant He repaired "gopur" "prakara" landmark in the history of Orissa. The caves of "Nivesana" (Gateways, ramparts and the palace) Udayagiri and Khandagiri hills and the and made the fort strong and invulnerable. To Hathigumpha inscriptions provide eloquent beautify the city, he constructed embankments and testimony to Kharavela's connectedness with flight of steps in many cool water tanks and Jainism. Among the followers of Mahavira, developed a number of (Uddyanas) gardens and Kharavela stands out as the tallest name. parks. The defence work continued upto his fifth regnal year when the aqueduct, excavated by Considering the chronology of Post- Mahapadmananda three hundred years before, Mauryan times and ancient glory of Jainism, his is was extended upto the capital city and a perennial the most important and the only inscription yet supply of water was provided to the moat that discovered link in the country. Its importance is surrounded the fortification. For all these works, unquestionable. The invocation formula on the he spent about thirty-five lakh coins. He distributed Hatigumpha inscription Namo Arihantanam 60,000 Karshapanas among his subjects. Namo Sarva-Sidhamam clearly testifies that Jainism was the religious faith, the king The tenth line of the Hathigumpha Kharavela, followed. inscription refers to the building activities of 40 Orissa Review * April - 2007 Kharavela i.e. (Caves for the Jaina Monks). The discipline and practices. Every basic reality of the 12th regnal year record (line-12) of this inscription universe is integral. Jainism reconciled the parts mentions that when king of Magadha had invaded of reality with the whole by means of its relativistic Kaliga and conquered the same, he carried with approach.4 The "Aryanga", the oldest Jaina text him the image of Kaliga Jina. King Kharavela says therefore, "One who knows one, comes to made on imperial expedition to Magadha, know all, one who has known all, knows one." defeated the Magadhan army and to Kundakunda, a great thinker of about 1st century commemorate this unique event he brought back A.D. and other Jaina philosophers followed the that image in a triumphant procession. Then he same view- "Je ege Janai te savve Janai, Je savve professed Jainism in common with his queens, Janai te ege Janai." 5 Kumaras and officials. Thus, it is clear that the Kharavela recognized self and tried his best to honour of the royal family was interlinked with know all living and non- living beings around him. the image of Kalinga Jina. Similarly the 13th year's He had an enriched vision of ecology. Son of a record of Kharavela's reign (line 14 of the king, he could prove himself to be the son of the inscription) says that he devoted himself entirely soil too. He gave paramount importance to the to religious practice on Kumari hill. Kharavela welfare of his subjects as well as to the nature. offered maintenance and white garments to the "Aspire for self, the same which you aspire for monks. He excavated 117 caves to serve as 2 others and which you do not aspire for self do resting places of the Arhatas or Jaina saints. not aspire for others." This is the fundamental From line 14 to the end of the inscription it principle of Jainism. That Kharavela adhered to is revealed that illustrious Sramanas, Yatis and this basic principle has been artistically reflected Jaina Saints had assembled at Kumari hill from in rock cut architecture of the twin hills, different parts of India for whom Kharavela, at Khandagiri and Udayagiri. It would not be an the insistence of his queen Sindhula of exaggeration to ascribe him as a Rajarshi or the Simhapatha, constructed a magnificent abode saint monarch of Orissa. close to the dwellings of the Arhatas at a cost of References : 105,000 coins. Kharavela has been eulogized as 1. Epigraphic Indica: XIII P.154. a Jaina who had given the religion a proper place 2. Dr. Barua B.M.: Old Brahmi Inscriptions in the in his daily life. Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves- Calcutta. 1929, The life of Kharavela was a symbol of P-26. sanctity. No doubt, he was a great warrior. He 3. Sahu, Dr. N.K.- Kharavela, Orissa State Museum, could achieve a series of brilliant victories Bhubaneswar, 1984. 4. Prof. Bhagchandra Jain Bhaskar- "Ecology and extending his way from the north western part of spirituality in Jaina Tradition, from the Book 3 India to the farthest extent in the south. No Indian Jainism, Art, Architecture, Literature and monarch in history is known to have accomplished philosophy, Edited by Dr. Haripriya Rangarajan, such astonishingly successful conquests embracing Dr. S. Kamalakar, Dr. A.K.V.S. Reddy, Sharada such vast expanse of India. But all these conquests Publishing House, Delhi- 1100035, 2001 Page-26. were ephemeral. What gives him undying fame in 5. Pavayanasaro Satha- 47, CF Niyanasara 165. history is his benevolent deeds. Spirituality is essentially individual and Jayanti Rath is Curator-in-charge, Numismatics, Orissa individuality creates collectivity on the basis of State Museum, Bhubaneswar. 41.
Recommended publications
  • Component-I (A) – Personal Details
    Component-I (A) – Personal details: Component-I (B) – Description of module: Subject Name Indian Culture Paper Name Outlines of Indian History Module Name/Title Mahajanapadas- Rise of Magadha – Nandas – Invasion of Alexander Module Id I C/ OIH/ 08 Pre requisites Early History of India Objectives To study the Political institutions of Ancient India from earliest to 3rd Century BCE. Mahajanapadas , Rise of Magadha under the Haryanka, Sisunaga Dynasties, Nanda Dynasty, Persian Invasions, Alexander’s Invasion of India and its Effects Keywords Janapadas, Magadha, Haryanka, Sisunaga, Nanda, Alexander E-text (Quadrant-I) 1. Sources Political and cultural history of the period from C 600 to 300 BCE is known for the first time by a possibility of comparing evidence from different kinds of literary sources. Buddhist and Jaina texts form an authentic source of the political history of ancient India. The first four books of Sutta pitaka -- the Digha, Majjhima, Samyutta and Anguttara nikayas -- and the entire Vinaya pitaka were composed between the 5th and 3rd centuries BCE. The Sutta nipata also belongs to this period. The Jaina texts Bhagavati sutra and Parisisthaparvan represent the tradition that can be used as historical source material for this period. The Puranas also provide useful information on dynastic history. A comparison of Buddhist, Puranic and Jaina texts on the details of dynastic history reveals more disagreement. This may be due to the fact that they were compiled at different times. Apart from indigenous literary sources, there are number of Greek and Latin narratives of Alexander’s military achievements. They describe the political situation prevailing in northwest on the eve of Alexander’s invasion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas
    The Jaina Cult of Relic Stūpas Peter Flügel1 (SOAS) Abstract This article gives an overview of recent findings on the thriving cult of bone relic stūpas in contemporary Jaina culture. Although Jaina doctrine rejects the worship of material objects, fieldwork in India on the hitherto unstudied current Jaina mortuary rituals furnished clear evidence for the ubiquity of bone relic stūpas and relic venera- tion across the Jaina sectarian spectrum. The article discusses a representative case and assesses the significance of the overall findings for the history of religions. It also offers a new theoretical explanation of the power of relics. Keywords Jaina relic stūpas, mortuary rituals, Vallabha Samudāya, cultural unconscious, theory of generalized symbolic media, relics as social forms 1) I am indebted to Ācārya Vijaya Virendra Sūri, Muni Rajendra Vijaya, Sādhvī Suvratā Śrī, Rāj Kumār Jain, Tejpāl Jain, Vinod N. Dalal, Kīrti Prasād Jain, N. P. Jain, S. Sheth, M. P. Sheth and other members and supporters of the Vallabha Samudāya for their generous help during field research in India, and to Janet Leigh Foster for enhancing the quality of the photos of images selected from the photo albums of the Vallabha Smāraka which were taken with permission. Without the support of Ācārya Mahāprajña, Ācārya Śivmuni, Pravartaka Umeśmuni, Salāhakāra Dineś Muni, Upap- ravartaka Gautama Muni, Sādhvī Ārcanā, Mūḍabidarī Bhatṭ ārakạ Cārukīrti, Sohanlāl Sañcetī, and other Jains in India, my research on Jaina relic stūpas would not have been possible. I would like to thank all of them. I also wish to express my gratitude to Bansidhar Bhatt, Willem B.
    [Show full text]
  • Kanvas (73 BC – 28 BC) Cheti Dynasty (Kalinga) Satavahanas
    Kanvas (73 BC – 28 BC) As per the puranas, there were four kings of the Kanva dynasty namely, Vasudeva, Bhumimitra, Narayana and Susarman. The Kanvas were Brahmins. The Magadha Empire had diminished by this time considerably. Northwest region was under the Greeks and parts of the Gangetic plains were under different rulers. The last Kanva king Susarman was killed by the Satavahana (Andhra) king. Cheti Dynasty (Kalinga) The Cheti or Chedi dynasty emerged in Kalinga in the 1st century BC. The Hathigumpha inscription situated near Bhubaneswar gives information about it. This inscription was engraved by king Kharavela who was the third Cheti king. Kharavela was a follower of Jainism. Other names of this dynasty are Cheta or Chetavamsa, and Mahameghavahana. Satavahanas The Satavahana rule is believed to have started around the third century BC, in 235 BC and lasted until the second century AD. Some experts believe their rule started in the first century BC only. They are referred to as Andhras in the Puranas. The Satavahana kingdom chiefly comprised of modern-day Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra. At times, their rule also included parts of Karnataka, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. Their capital cities varied at different times. Pratishthana (Paithan) and Amaravati were its capitals. Simuka founded the dynasty. They were the first native Indian rulers to issue their own coins with the portraits of the rulers. This practice was started by Gautamiputra Satakarni who derived the practice from the Western Satraps after defeating them. The coin legends were in Prakrit language. Some reverse coin legends are in Telugu, Tamil and Kannada.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Career and Different Achievements of Asoka
    International Journal of Research in Social Sciences Vol. 7 Issue 9, September 2017, ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Journal Homepage: http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] Double-Blind Peer Reviewed Refereed Open Access International Journal - Included in the International Serial Directories Indexed & Listed at: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory ©, U.S.A., Open J-Gage as well as in Cabell’s Directories of Publishing Opportunities, U.S.A Early career and different achievements of Asoka Manoj Malakar* Abstract Asoka was the greatest emperor in Mauriyan dynesty. He was a great patronage of Buddhism and art and architecture. This paper tries to high light about the early life and career of the great Mauryan emperor Asoka. There was lot of great emperor in Indian history, who wrote their name in golden letter in history and Asoka also one of among these rulers. Some different prominent writer had analysis about Asoka’s life and career. This paper tries to analyses how he (Asoka) began his career and got achievements during his region. This paper also tries to highlight Asoka’s Dhamma and his patronage of art and architecture during his region. This paper also tries to discuss Asoka’s patronage of Buddhism. He sent his own son and girl to Sri Lanka to spread Buddhism. Keywords: Career, Buddha Dhamma, Art and Architecture, Inscription. * Assistant Teacher & Faculty K.K.H.S.O.U. (Malaybari junior college study centre). 624 International Journal of Research in Social Sciences http://www.ijmra.us, Email: [email protected] ISSN: 2249-2496 Impact Factor: 7.081 Introduction Asoka was one of the greatest kings of India.
    [Show full text]
  • Sculptural Art of Jains in Odisha: a Study
    International Journal of Humanities And Social Sciences (IJHSS) ISSN (P): 2319-393X; ISSN (E): 2319-3948 Vol. 6, Issue 4, Jun - Jul 2017; 115 - 126 © IASET SCULPTURAL ART OF JAINS IN ODISHA: A STUDY AKHAYA KUMAR MISHRA Lecturer in History, Balugaon College, Balugaon, Khordha, Odisha, India ABSTRACT In ancient times, Odisha was known as Utkal, which means utkarsh in kala i.e., excellent in the arts. Its rich artistic legacy permeates through time, into modern decor, never deviating from the basics. Each motif or intricate pattern, draws its inspiration from a myth or folklore, or from the general ethos itself. Covered by the dense forests, soaring mountains, sparkling waterfalls, murmuring springs, gurgling rivers, secluded dales, deep valleys, captivating beaches and sprawling lake, Odisha is a kaleidoscope of past splendor and present glory. Being the meeting place of Aryan and Dravidian cultures, with is delightful assimilations, from the fascinating lifestyle of the tribes, Odisha retains in its distinct identity, in the form of sculptural art, folk art and performing art. The architectural wonders of Odisha must be seen in the Jain caves, which speak about the fine artistry of Odisha’s craftsmen, in the bygone era. The Odias displayed their remarkable creative power, in the Jain sculptural art. While they built their caves like giants, they sculptured the caves like master artists. The theme of these sculptures was so varied, for the artist and his imagination so deep that, as if, he was writing an epic on the surface of the stone. KEYWORDS: Art, Architecture, Sculpture, Prolific INTRODUCTION Odisha has a rich and unique heritage of art traditions, beginning from the sophisticated ornate temple architecture, and sculpture to folk arts, in different forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism in the Northern Deccan Under The
    BUDDHISM IN THE NORTHERN DECCAN UNDER THE SATAVAHANA RULERS C a ' & C > - Z Z f /9> & by Jayadevanandasara Hettiarachchy Thesis submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of London 1973* ProQuest Number: 10731427 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10731427 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This study deals with the history of Buddhism in the northern Deccan during the Satavahana period. The first chapter examines the evidence relating to the first appearance of Buddhism in this area, its timing and the support by the state and different sections of the population. This is followed by a discussion of the problems surrounding the chronology of the Satavahana dynasty and evidence is advanced to support the ’shorter chronology*. In the third chapter the Buddhist monuments attributable to the Satavahana period are dated utilising the chronology of the Satavahanas provided in the second chapter. The inscriptional evidence provided by these monuments is described in detail. The fourth chapter contains an analysis and description of the sects and sub-sects which constituted the Buddhist Order.
    [Show full text]
  • 600 Bc-325 Bc)
    Mahajanapada Period (600 BC-325 BC) S. No 16 Mahajanapadas Capital Anga (districts of Munger and 1. Champa / Champanagari Bhagalpur in Bihar) Girivraj, Rajgriha / Rajgir Magadha (districts of Patna, (Bimbisara), Patliputra (Udayin), 2. Gaya and Nalanda in Bihar) Vaishali (Shishunaga), Patliputra (Kalashok) Vajji (districts of Muzaffarpur & 3. Videha, Mithila, Vaishali Vaishali in Bihar) Malla (districts of Deoria, Basti, 4. Gorakhpur and Siddharthnagar Kuishinara and Pawa in U.P.) Kashi (district of Varanasi in 5. Varanasi U.P.) North Kosal-Sravasti / Sahet- Kosala (districts of Faizabad, 6. Mahet South Kosal-Saket/ Gonda, Bahraich in U.P.) Ayodhya Vatsa (districts of Allahabad, 7. Kausambi Mirzapuretc. in U.P.) 8. Chedi (Bundelkhand area) Shaktimati / Sotthivati 9. Kuru (Haryana and Delhi area) Indraprastha (modem Delhi) Panchala (Ruhelkhand, North Panchal-Ahichhatra South 10. Western U.P.) Panchal – Kampilya 11. Shurasena (Brajmandal) Mathura Matsya (Alwar, Bharatpur and 12. Viratnagar Jaipur in Rajasthan) North Avanti - Ujjayini South Avanti 13. Avanti (Malwa) – Mahishmati Ashmaka (between the rivers 14. Potana / Patali Narmada and Godavari) Gandhara (western part of Taxila (hear Rawalpindi, Pakistan) 15. Pakistan and Afghanistan) and Pushkalavati Kamboja (Hazara district of 16. Rajapur / Hataka Pakistan) 1. Buddhist literature (Anguttara Nikaya, Mahavastu) and Jain literature (Bhagavati Sutta) present a list of 16 Mahajanapadas with minor variation of names. 2. There were two types of states - monarchical and non-monarchical / republican. Monarchial states - Anga, Magadha, Kashi, Kosala, Vatsa, Chedi, Shursena, Matsya, Avanti, Gandhara. Republican States—Vajji, Malla, Kuru, Panchal, Kamboja, Shakya (Kapilvastu), Koliyas (Ramgrama), Moriya (Pipplivana). Rise of Magadha 1. The political history of India from 6th century BC onwards is the history of struggle between four states - Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Avanti - for supremacy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical View of the Relationship Between Koutilya and Mourya Empire
    Vol-6 Issue-5 2020 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 THE HISTORICAL VIEW OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KOUTILYA AND MOURYA EMPIRE. PROF.PRAHALLADA.G. M.A., M.PHIL. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY IDSG GOVERNMENT FIRST GRADE COLLEGE CHIKAMAGALUR-577102 ABSTRACT Chanakya dedicated his life to forming the Maurya Empire and guiding its pioneer Chandragupta Maurya and his son, Bindusara. He was the royal advisor, economist and philosopher during their reign. Born in 371 BC, Chanakya has been traditionally identified as Kautilya or Vishnugupta. Vishnugupta was actually a redactor of Kautilya’s original work, which suggests that Kautilya and Vishnugupta are different people. Chandragupta was an eminent ruler of the Maurya Empire. He successfully conquered most of the Indian subcontinent and is believed to be the first king who unified India. He was well revered and accepted by other kings. The Teacher And The Student Chanakya and Chandragupta shared a relationship based on reverence and trust. Chanakya was not just a teacher to Chandragupta; he was also his prime minister, friend, well-wisher and advisor. Chanakya was the person and power behind Chandragupta's early rise to power. It was Chandragupta Maurya who founded the great Maurya Empire but he couldn't have done it without Chanakya's guidance. Chanakya met Chandragupta by chance but the moment they met, Keywords-Chanukya, Chandragupta, mourya, Amathya, empire, Arthashastra, Pataliputra. INTRODUCTION Chanakya dedicated his life to forming the Maurya Empire and guiding its pioneer Chandragupta Maurya and his son, Bindusara. He was the royal advisor, economist and philosopher during their reign. Born in 371 BC, Chanakya has been traditionally identified as Kautilya or Vishnugupta.
    [Show full text]
  • Part Test Key Indian History and Culture (Explanation.P65
    R.C. Reddy IAS Study Circle Indian History and Culture PART TEST - 03 Key with Explanation 1B on a fixed date as land revenue to the trea- sury, irrespective of what they could col- It enacted the Indian council Act, 1909 and not GOl Act, 1909, it retained official ma- lect. Slowly the Zamindars brought more jority in the Central Legislative Council but areas under cultivation and made more allowed the provincial legislative councils money while they paid the same fixed to have non-official majority. Hence only amount to the company and company can- statement 2 is correct. not claim any share of surplus. Under this, the zamindars were deprived of their judi- 2C cial and police powers. The new class of "Vaikom Satyagraha" was a temple entry landlords became strong political allies of movement in Kerala. The Satyagraha was the British. The worst affected people were started to establish the right for all people the cultivators who were left at the mercy to walk through the temple roads. Leaders of the zamindars and moneylenders, they like K.P. Kesava Menon and T.K. Madhavan had no ownership rights over land led the agitation. E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker 5C led Self Respect movement. Hence, state- ment 1 is not correct. The Satyagraha was CR Das resigned from the presidentship of reinforced by jathas from Punjab and the Congress in 1922 Gaya session and Madurai. Mahatama Gandhi undertook a along with Moti Lal Nehru, N C Kelkar tour of Kerala in support of the movement. launched their own political outfit called Hence, statement 2 is correct.
    [Show full text]
  • A STUDY of JAIN ACTIVITY in WESTERN ORISSA (From C.B.C
    OHRJ, Vol. XLVII, No. 1 A STUDY OF JAIN ACTIVITY IN WESTERN ORISSA (From c.B.C. 200–600A.D.) Tirtharaj Bhoi The Indian religions provide an exciting field for study.Because of the Pluralistic expression, it has some problems to be studied. If we peep into the background of the religious studies in Western Orissa, it is very complex situation requiring deep investigation. The main focal point of the Papers is to provide an in-depth information and analytic historical account ofJainism. Jainism has been revealed now and then in every one of these endless succeeding periods of the world by innumerable Trithankaras. The first Tirthankara was Rsabhanatha and the last two were Parsva and Mahavira. In the Jaina literature1, Mahavira, the last Tirthankara of the Jainas, is described as a supreme personality, who was acknowledged as a “great Brahman”, “a great guardian”, ”a great preacher”, “a great pilot” and “a great recluse”. Now-a-days, the perceptions of the social scientist, however, are trying to gain grip on the understanding of the complex phenomena of religion. Religion is viewed primarily as a part of the ideological system which itself emerged on the basis of the material conditions that exist in a particular situation. The religions are also supposed to reform themselves from time to time. Early Development In Ancient Orissa, Jainism played a very eminent role in religious and cultural life of the people. Since the days of the Nandas to the invasion of Ashoka over Kalinga, the political history of Orissa was called a dark period. But we have some reference that much earlier to the Mauryan period there was a great Jaina monarch in Kalinga, called Karakandu,2 who was ruling before Mahavira and after Parsvanatha.
    [Show full text]
  • Indian HISTORY
    Indian HISTORY AncientIndia PRE-HISTORICPERIOD G The Mesolithic people lived on hunting, fishing and food-gathering. At a later G The recent reported artefacts from stage, they also domesticated animals. Bori in Maharashtra suggest the appearance of human beings in India G The people of the Palaeolithic and around 1.4 million years ago. The early Mesolithic ages practised painting. man in India used tools of stone, G Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh, is a roughly dressed by crude clipping. striking site of pre-historic painting. G This period is therefore, known as the Stone Age, which has been divided into The Neolithic Age The Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age (4000-1000 BC) The Mesolithic or Middle Stone Age G The people of this age used tools and The Neolithic or New Stone Age implements of polished stone. They particularly used stone axes. The Palaeolithic Age G It is interesting that in Burzahom, (500000-9000 BC) domestic dogs were buried with their masters in their graves. G Palaeolithic men were hunters and food G First use of hand made pottery and gatherers. potter wheel appears during the G They had no knowledge of agriculture, Neolithic age. Neolithic men lived in fire or pottery; they used tools of caves and decorated their walls with unpolished, rough stones and lived in hunting and dancing scenes. cave rock shelters. G They are also called Quartzite men. The Chalcolithic Age G Homo Sapiens first appeared in the (4500-3500 BC) last phase of this period. The metal implements made by them G This age is divided into three phases were mostly the imitations of the stone according to the nature of the stone forms.
    [Show full text]
  • QJMS Title Index- Volume 1- 100
    QJMS Title Index- Volume 1- 100 A Note on George Thibaut’s Translation of Brahmasutra I 1-3 -SHARMA, Arvind-72(1-4) 1981, 66-69 Abhayasasanas and their historical significance -KUPPUSWAMY, G R-66(2) 1975, p.1-8 Abhinavagupta’s Contribution to the theory of Dhavani -KRISHNAMOORTHY, K-38(4) 1948, p.155-166 Abhiras in the Deccan -SALETORE, R N-30(2) 1939, p.147-162 About “Swatantrya Sangramada Smritigalu” -KAMATH, Suryanath U-74(1) 1983, p.83-90 About a “Wild Identification” -HERAS, H-33(1) 1942, p.102-107 Acheulean Artefacts from Lankelapalem, Moprtherm Coastal Andhra -MURTI, D B-76(1-2) 1985, p.29-41 Acheulean occupation at Diguvametta, Sagirelu Valley -MURTHI, D B and others-75(3) 1984, p.283-293 Acheulean Situation in Andhra Pradesh-SRINIVASULU, K-75(2) 1984, p.131- 146 Acheulian Culture of Shorapur Doab, Karnataka -PADDAYYA, K-66(2) 1975, p.9-17 Achievements and Actions of Sir Mirza Ismail-URS, R S Veeraraj-88(4) 1997, p.6- 12 Acting in Kerala -PISHAROTI, K Rama-12(3) 1922, p.282-294 Adapur-A Buddhist Site in Rayalaseema -KAMESWARA RAO, V-90(1-2) 1999, p.43-46 Administration of Criminal Justice in Ancient India -RAMANATHAN, A V-5(2) 1914-15, p.8094 Administration of Justice in the Jeypore Zamindari under the British Raj: An Appraisal-MOHANTY, S and MISRO, R C -100(2) 2009, p.48-65 Administration of the British in India in the first Half of the Nineteenth century - SASTRI, Venkatasubba K N-25(4) 1935, p.212-223 Administration vis-a-vis the Public and the Press during the Regime of Sir Mirza - RAMASWAMY, S R-88(4) 1997, p.13-24 Administrative Machinery in Medieval Karnataka (Third to Seventeenth Century A.D) -KARMARKAR, Anant P-31(3-4) 1941, p.435-451 Administrative set-up in an Andhra Zamindari, Punganur -SHESHAN, K S S- 78(3-4) 1987, p.101-145 Advaita and Sannyasa -JAGADISWARANANDA -24(2) 1933, p.100-106 Advaita Vedanta -RAO, Nagaraja P-30(2) (3) (4) 1939-40, p.207-219; 332-338; 418-422 Aesthetic approach to God: A Study in the Aesthetic elements in Bhakti - YAMUNACHARYA, M-27(1-2) 1936, p.
    [Show full text]