Guide Des Instruments Et Des Méthodes D'observation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Guide Des Instruments Et Des Méthodes D'observation Guide des instruments et des méthodes d’observation Volume IV – Observations spatiales Édition 2018 TEMPS CLIMAT EAU TEMPS CLIMAT OMM-N° 8 Guide des instruments et des méthodes d’observation Volume IV – Observations spatiales Édition 2018 OMM-N° 8 NOTE DE L’ÉDITEUR La base de données terminologique de l’OMM, METEOTERM, peut être consultée à l’adresse http://public.wmo.int/fr/ressources/meteoterm. Il convient d’informer le lecteur que lorsqu’il copie un hyperlien en le sélectionnant dans le texte, des espaces peuvent apparaître après http://, https://, ftp://, mailto:, et après les barres obliques (/), les tirets (-), les points (.) et les séquences de caractères (lettres et chiffres). Il faut supprimer ces espaces de l’URL ainsi recopiée. L’URL correcte apparaît lorsque l’on place le curseur sur le lien. On peut aussi cliquer sur le lien et copier l’adresse qui s’affiche dans le ruban du navigateur. OMM-N° 8 © Organisation météorologique mondiale, 2018 L’OMM se réserve le droit de publication en version imprimée ou électronique ou sous toute autre forme et dans n’importe quelle langue. De courts extraits des publications de l’OMM peuvent être reproduits sans autorisation, pour autant que la source complète soit clairement indiquée. La correspondance relative au contenu rédactionnel et les demandes de publication, reproduction ou traduction partielle ou totale de la présente publication doivent être adressées au: Président du Comité des publications Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tél.: +41 (0) 22 730 84 03 Case postale 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 17 CH-1211 Genève 2, Suisse Courriel: [email protected] ISBN 978-92-63-20008-2 NOTE Les appellations employées dans les publications de l’OMM et la présentation des données qui y figurent n’impliquent, de la part de l’Organisation météorologique mondiale, aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires, villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites. La mention de certaines sociétés ou de certains produits ne signifie pas que l’OMM les cautionne ou les recommande de préférence à d’autres sociétés ou produits de nature similaire dont il n’est pas fait mention ou qui ne font l’objet d’aucune publicité. TABLEAU DES MISES À JOUR Partie/ Date chapitre/ Objet de l’amendement Proposé par Approuvé par section TABLE DES MATIÈRES Page CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................... 1 1.1 Perspective historique ........................................................ 1 1.2 Échelles spatiales et temporelles ............................................... 1 1.3 Complémentarité des observations effectuées depuis l'espace et en surface .......... 2 CHAPITRE 2. PRINCIPES D'OBSERVATION DE LA TERRE DEPUIS L'ESPACE ............. 3 2.1 Orbites et conditions d'observation ............................................ 3 2.1.1 Champ de vision des instruments satellitaires .............................. 3 2.1.2 Période orbitale, orbite géostationnaire, cycle d’observation et cycle de répétition 4 2.1.3 Précession orbitale, orbites héliosynchrones et dérives orbitales .............. 9 2.1.4 Orbites elliptiques ..................................................... 11 2.1.5 Lanceurs et injection en orbite ........................................... 12 2.2 Principes de la télédétection .................................................. 14 2.2.1 Spectre électromagnétique et plages utilisées pour la télédétection ........... 14 2.2.2 Lois fondamentales de l'interaction entre le rayonnement électromagnétique et la matière ......................................... 17 2.2.3 Observations dans les fenêtres atmosphériques ............................ 21 2.2.3.1 Rayonnement émergent. 21 2.2.3.2 Mesures dans les bandes visibles, proche infrarouges et infrarouges à ondes courtes. 22 2.2.3.3 Mesures dans les bandes infrarouges à ondes moyennes et infrarouges thermiques ....................................... 23 2.2.3.4 Mesures dans les bandes d'hyperfréquences ..................... 25 2.2.4 Observations dans les bandes d'absorption. 27 2.2.4.1 Équation du transfert radiatif. 27 2.2.4.2 Récupération des profils. 28 2.2.4.3 Sondage au limbe ............................................ 31 2.2.5 Télédétection active .................................................... 32 2.2.5.1 Occultation radio. 32 2.2.5.2 Radar ....................................................... 33 2.2.5.3 Lidar ....................................................... 38 2.3 Segments spatial et terrien .................................................... 42 2.3.1 Segment spatial ....................................................... 42 2.3.1.1 Services de la plate-forme. 42 2.3.1.2 Systèmes de navigation et de positionnement .................... 43 2.3.1.3 Orientation et stabilisation. 44 2.3.1.4 Système de maintenance ...................................... 45 2.3.1.5 Transmission des données ..................................... 45 2.3.1.6 Services de retransmission des données. 47 2.3.2 Segment terrien ....................................................... 47 2.3.2.1 Station centrale de commande des satellites et d'acquisition des données à l'échelle du globe ............................... 48 2.3.2.2 Centres de contrôle des missions et des opérations ................ 48 2.3.2.3 Centres de traitement et d'archivage des données ................. 49 2.3.2.4 Distribution des données et des produits ......................... 49 2.3.2.5 Stations de réception utilisatrices ............................... 50 2.3.2.6 Niveaux de traitement des produits ............................. 50 CHAPITRE 3. INSTRUMENTS DE TÉLÉDÉTECTION .................................. 53 3.1 Caractéristiques fondamentales des instruments ................................ 53 3.1.1 Balayage, fauchée et cycle d'observation .................................. 53 3.1.2 Domaine spectral: radiomètres et spectromètres ........................... 56 3.1.3 Résolution spatiale (champ de vision instantané, pixel et fonction de transfert de modulation) ................................................ 58 3.1.4 Résolution radiométrique ............................................... 61 vi GUIDE DES INSTRUMENTS ET DES MÉTHODES D’OBSERVATION – VOLUME IV Page 3.2 Classification des instruments ................................................. 63 3.2.1 Imageur optique à moyenne résolution ................................... 64 3.2.2 Imageur optique haute résolution ........................................ 69 3.2.3 Sondeur à ondes courtes à balayage transversal ............................ 72 3.2.4 Sondeurs infrarouges à balayage transversal. 74 3.2.5 Radiomètres à hyperfréquences ......................................... 77 3.2.6 Limbosondeurs. 81 3.2.7 Sondeurs à occultation radio du Système mondial de navigation par satellite ... 83 3.2.8 Radiomètres à large bande .............................................. 84 3.2.9 Instruments de surveillance de l'éclairement énergétique solaire .............. 86 3.2.10 Imageurs d'éclairs ..................................................... 87 3.2.11 Radar de mesure de la nébulosité et radar de mesure des précipitations ........ 88 3.2.12 Diffusomètres radar .................................................... 90 3.2.13 Altimètres radar ....................................................... 92 3.2.14 Radar imageur (radar à synthèse d'ouverture) ............................. 93 3.2.15 Instruments reposant sur l’utilisation de lidars ............................. 96 3.2.16 Gradiomètres/accéléromètres ........................................... 98 3.2.17 Instruments de surveillance de l'activité solaire ............................. 99 3.2.18 Instruments de surveillance de l'environnement spatial ..................... 100 3.2.19 Magnétomètres et capteurs du champ électrique. 100 CHAPITRE 4. PROGRAMMES SATELLITAIRES ...................................... 103 4.1 Satellites météorologiques d'exploitation ....................................... 103 4.1.1 Constellation de satellites sur orbites géostationnaires ou très elliptiques. 104 4.1.2 Constellation de satellites sur orbites héliosynchrones ....................... 106 4.2 Missions spécialisées sur l'atmosphère. 106 4.2.1 Précipitations ......................................................... 106 4.2.2 Occultation radio ...................................................... 108 4.2.3 Rayonnement atmosphérique ........................................... 109 4.2.4 Chimie de l'atmosphère ................................................ 110 4.2.5 Dynamique de l'atmosphère ............................................ 111 4.3 Missions sur les océans et les glaces de mer ...................................... 111 4.3.1 Topographie de l'océan. 113 4.3.2 Couleur de l'océan ..................................................... 114 4.3.3 Vents à la surface de la mer .............................................. 114 4.3.4 Salinité de surface de la mer ............................................. 114 4.3.5 Vagues ............................................................... 114 4.4 Missions d'observation des terres émergées ..................................... 115 4.4.1 Principales missions opérationnelles ou quasi opérationnelles. 115 4.4.2 Constellation de surveillance des catastrophes ............................. 115 4.4.3 Surveillance à haute résolution dans toutes les conditions météorologiques (par radar à synthèse d'ouverture) ........................ 117 4.5 Missions d'étude
Recommended publications
  • Pre-Flight SAOCOM-1A SAR Performance Assessment by Outdoor Campaign
    remote sensing Technical Note Pre-Flight SAOCOM-1A SAR Performance Assessment by Outdoor Campaign Davide Giudici 1, Andrea Monti Guarnieri 2 ID and Juan Pablo Cuesta Gonzalez 3,* 1 ARESYS srl, Via Flumendosa 16, 20132 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 2 Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy; [email protected] 3 CONAE, Avda. Paseo Colon 751, 1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-02-8724-4809 Academic Editors: Timo Balz, Uwe Soergel, Mattia Crespi, Batuhan Osmanoglu, Daniele Riccio and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 23 May 2017; Accepted: 12 July 2017; Published: 14 July 2017 Abstract: In the present paper, we describe the design, execution, and the results of an outdoor experimental campaign involving the Engineering Model of the first of the two Argentinean L-band Synthetic Aperture Radars (SARs) of the Satélite Argentino de Observación con Microondas (SAOCOM) mission, SAOCOM-1A. The experiment’s main objectives were to test the end-to-end SAR operation and to assess the instrument amplitude and phase stability as well as the far-field antenna pattern, through the illumination of a moving target placed several kilometers away from the SAR. The campaign was carried out in Bariloche, Argentina, during June 2016. The experiment was successful, demonstrating an end-to-end readiness of the SAOCOM-SAR functionality in realistic conditions. The results showed an excellent SAR signal quality in terms of amplitude and phase stability. Keywords: SAR; pre-flight testing; SAR performance 1. Introduction The forthcoming Argentinean mission Satélite Argentino de Observación con Microondas (SAOCOM) [1] is constituted by two identical Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites, SAOCOM-1A and -1B, carrying as the main payload an L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR).
    [Show full text]
  • RAPPORT D'activités ACTIVITÉS SPATIALES Depuis Le Conseil Ministériel De L'esa De Décembre 2014 À Luxembourg Et De Décembre 2016 À Lucerne
    RAPPORT D’ACTIVITÉS ACTIVITÉS SPATIALES depuis le Conseil ministériel de l'ESA de décembre 2014 à Luxembourg et de décembre 2016 à Lucerne mars 2018 report 2018_FR_rev 1.doc 2 Table des matières 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4 2 Stratégie spatiale ............................................................................................................................ 8 3 Résumé des engagements programmatiques et des budgets........................................................... 9 4 Statut des Programmes de l'ESA ................................................................................................... 13 4.1 Activités de base ................................................................................................................... 13 4.2 Le Programme scientifique ................................................................................................... 14 4.3 Observation de la Terre ........................................................................................................ 15 4.4 Télécommunications ............................................................................................................ 19 4.5 Navigation ............................................................................................................................ 23 4.6 Vols habités, Microgravité et Exploration .............................................................................. 24
    [Show full text]
  • The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017
    Federal Aviation Administration The Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 January 2017 Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 i Contents About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover art: Phil Smith, The Tauri Group (2017) Publication produced for FAA AST by The Tauri Group under contract. NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. ii Annual Compendium of Commercial Space Transportation: 2017 GENERAL CONTENTS Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 Launch Vehicles 9 Launch and Reentry Sites 21 Payloads 35 2016 Launch Events 39 2017 Annual Commercial Space Transportation Forecast 45 Space Transportation Law and Policy 83 Appendices 89 Orbital Launch Vehicle Fact Sheets 100 iii Contents DETAILED CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .
    [Show full text]
  • Spacex's Expanding Launch Manifest
    October 2013 SpaceX’s expanding launch manifest China’s growing military might Servicing satellites in space A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS SpaceX’s expanding launch manifest IT IS HARD TO FIND ANOTHER SPACE One of Brazil, and the Turkmensat 1 2012, the space docking feat had been launch services company with as di- for the Ministry of Communications of performed only by governments—the verse a customer base as Space Explo- Turkmenistan. U.S., Russia, and China. ration Technologies (SpaceX), because The SpaceX docking debunked there simply is none. No other com- A new market the myth that has prevailed since the pany even comes close. Founded only The move to begin launching to GEO launch of Sputnik in 1957, that space a dozen years ago by Elon Musk, is significant, because it opens up an travel can be undertaken only by na- SpaceX has managed to win launch entirely new and potentially lucrative tional governments because of the contracts from agencies, companies, market for SpaceX. It also puts the prohibitive costs and technological consortiums, laboratories, and univer- company into direct competition with challenges involved. sities in the U.S., Argentina, Brazil, commercial launch heavy hitters Ari- Teal Group believes it is that Canada, China, Germany, Malaysia, anespace of Europe with its Ariane mythology that has helped discourage Mexico, Peru, Taiwan, Thailand, Turk- 5ECA, U.S.-Russian joint venture Inter- more private investment in commercial menistan, and the Netherlands in a rel- national Launch Services with its Pro- spaceflight and the more robust growth atively short period.
    [Show full text]
  • GEOS 657 - Lecture 10
    GEOS 657 - Lecture 10 GEOS 657 – MICROWAVE REMOTE SENSING SPRING 2019 Lecturer: F.J. Meyer, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks; [email protected] Lecture 10: SAR Image Acquisition Modes; Past, Current, & Future SAR Sensors; Basics of InSAR Image: DLR, CC-BY 3.0 UAF Class GEOS 657 AVAILABLE SAR SENSORS Franz J Meyer, UAF GEOS 657: Microwave RS - 2 Current and Future SAR Satellites TerraSAR-X & TanDEM-X PAZ SAR X-band Cosmo-SkyMed 1st and 2nd generation ERS-1/2 Envisat Sentinel RADARSAT-2 RCM C-band RADARSAT-1 JERS-1 ALOS-1 ALOS-2 SAOCOM L-band Seasat NISAR BIOMASS P-band 1978 1990 2000 2010 Present Day Future Franz J Meyer, UAF GEOS 657: Microwave RS - 3 1 GEOS 657 - Lecture 10 Current and Future SAR Satellites Accessible Through ASF TerraSAR-X & TanDEM-X PAZ SAR X-band Cosmo-SkyMed 1st and 2nd generation ERS-1/2 Envisat Sentinel-1 RADARSAT-1 RADARSAT-2 RCM C-band JERS-1 ALOS-1 ALOS-2 SAOCOM L-band Seasat NISAR BIOMASS P-band 1978 1990 2000 2010 Present Day Future Franz J Meyer, UAF GEOS 657: Microwave RS - 4 Resolution vs. Spatial Coverage • Medium (10m-class) resolution large-coverage systems: – Sensors: Current: ALOS-2; Sentinel-1; RADARSAT-2 Most of the medium-res Future: SAOCOM; NISAR; RCM; BIOMASS data are free or low cost (not ALOS-2 and R-2) – These sensors are suitable for applications such as: • Monitoring medium to large scale surface deformation (e.g., subsidence; slopes) • Assessing impacts of hazards (flooding; earthquakes) • General mapping and change detection • High (1m-class) limited-coverage resolution systems: – Sensors: Current: TerraSAR-X; TanDEM-X; COSMO-SkyMed constellation nd Future: PAZ SAR; COSMO-SkyMed 2 Gen High-res data is typically – These sensors are suitable for applications such as: more expensive • Mapping and analysis of urbanized environments (buildings, bridges) • Detecting localized hazards (sinkholes; small landslides) • As most high-res systems have higher repeat frequency tracking of things that change quickly Franz J Meyer, UAF GEOS 657: Microwave RS - 5 Free of Charge vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Continuity of Earth Observation Data for Australia: Research and Development Dependencies to 2020 Annex
    Continuity of Earth Observation Data for Australia: Research and Development Dependencies to 2020 Annex January 2012 Enquiries Enquiries should be addressed to: Dr Kimberley Clayfield Executive Manager | Space Sciences and Technology CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science Email [email protected] Study Team Dr A. Alexander Held and Dr Kimberley C. Clayfield, CSIRO Stephen Ward and George Dyke, Symbios Communications Pty Ltd Barbara Harrison Acknowledgments CSIRO acknowledges the support provided by the Space Policy Unit, Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, in carrying out this study. Cover Image Depiction of the various active geostationary and low Earth orbit Earth observation satellites operating over Australia. Source: Adapted with permission from a graphic by the secretariat of the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and from various member agencies of the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). Copyright and Disclaimer © Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 2012 To the extent permitted by law, all rights are reserved and no part of this publication covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means except with the written permission of CSIRO. Print Annex ISBN 978 0 643 10798 4 PDF Annex ISBN 978 0 643 10799 1 Published by CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Canberra, Australia, 2012. Important Disclaimer CSIRO advises that the information contained in this publication comprises general statements based on scientific research. The reader is advised and needs to be aware that such information may be incomplete or unable to be used in any specific situation. No reliance or actions must therefore be made on that information without seeking prior expert professional, scientific and technical advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Operational Collision Avoidance at ESOC
    Operational Collision Avoidance at ESOC Q. Funke, B. Bastida Virgili, V. Braun, T. Flohrer, H. Krag, S. Lemmens, F. Letizia, K. Merz, J. Siminski 9.11.2018 ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Outline • Introduction • Collision avoidance at ESA • Avoidance manoeuvre reaction threshold • Current process • Drivers • Back-end database and tools • Front-end • Process control • Statistics • Summary ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Q. Funke, B. Bastida Virgili, V. Braun, T. Flohrer, H. Krag, S. Lemmens, F. Letizia, K. Merz, J. Siminski| 9.11.2018 | Slide 2 Covered missions Sentinel-2A/B Sentinel-3A/B Sentinel-5P ] 3 Cryosat-2 Other missions: Sentinel-1A/B • ERS-2 RapidEye 1-5 • Envisat • Proba-1,2,V Saocom-1A • Cluster-II 2009: 2009: Spatial Density - Swarm B • XMM Swarm A,C • Galileo/Giove • METOP-A/-B/-C Aeolus of objects > 10cm > [1/km 10cm of objects • MSG-3/4 • Artemis ESA’s ESA’s MASTER At varying support level ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Q. Funke, B. Bastida Virgili, V. Braun, T. Flohrer, H. Krag, S. Lemmens, F. Letizia, K. Merz, J. Siminski| 9.11.2018 | Slide 3 Avoidance manoeuvre reaction threshold • Requires a management decision • Trade ignored/accepted risk vs. risk reduction • Estimate cost i.e. manoeuvre frequency for selected reaction threshold • Depends on orbit uncertainties of the secondary (chasing) objects • ESA’s ARES tool, part of DRAMA SW suite, https://sdup.esoc.esa.int • Need consistent setup of operational and analysis approach (SC area) • Typical managerial target function: • avoid 90% of the accumulated collision probability • Typical result: Assessment of Risk • Threshold of 10-4 one day to TCA using encircling sphere Event Statistics https://sdup.esoc.esa.int • for 90% risk reduction at cost of 1-3 manoeuvres per year ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Q.
    [Show full text]
  • Laura WG-Disast
    Strengthening Disaster Risk Reduction Across the Americas: A Regional Summit on the Contribution of Earth Observations CEOS Working Group on Disasters Meeting # 8 CONAE Recent Projects and Presentation of Disaster-related activities in the context of future collaboration with the CEOS WG Disasters Laura Frulla 4 a 8 de septiembre, 2017 Buenos Aires (ARGENTINA) 4-8 de septiembre, 2017 1 Disasters – National Space Plan fires floods desertification droughts avalanches landslides … … earthquakes volcanic eruptions oil spill 4-8 de septiembre, 2017 2 Data Adquisition Capabilities Receiving Station-1 (Córdoba) end 2017 / beginning 2018 * 13 m * 5 m * 3 m Receiving Station-2, Tolhuin (Tierra del Fuego) 4-8 de septiembre, 2017 3 Received and Catalogued Data SAC-D/Aquarius satellite data Landsat 5, 7, 8 Córdoba Receiving Station Spot 4, 5, 6, 7 Eros 1B Terra/Modis Aqua/Modis NOAA NPP METOP Feng-Yun GOES 12, 13, 16 (R) COSMO Skymed 1, 2, 3, 4 ERS 1 and 2 Radarsat-1 ALOS-1 Sentinel 2 UAVSAR field data in-situ SARAT 4-8 de septiembre, 2017 sensors 4 SPOT/COSMO SkyMed SPOT 6 and 7: multispectral: 6 m phanchromatic: 1,5 m all the countries inside the área any use registration is required licence to use SPOT 4 and 5: archived Argentina only COSMO: Argentina only registration is required 4-8 de septiembrelicence, 2017 to use 5 SPOT 7: Urban Monitoring 4-8 de septiembre, 2017 6 COSMO SkyMed: Urban Monitoring 4-8 de septiembre, 2017 7 Satellite Data: Products from the Catalogue(1/4) 4-8 de septiembre, 2017 8 Satellite Data: Products
    [Show full text]
  • The 2019 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Land Remote
    2019 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation— Land Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation NASA • NGA • NOAA • USDA • USGS Circular 1455 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Image of Landsat 8 satellite over North America. Source: AGI’s System Tool Kit. Facing page. In shallow waters surrounding the Tyuleniy Archipelago in the Caspian Sea, chunks of ice were the artists. The 3-meter-deep water makes the dark green vegetation on the sea bottom visible. The lines scratched in that vegetation were caused by ice chunks, pushed upward and downward by wind and currents, scouring the sea floor. 2019 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Land Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium By Jon B. Christopherson, Shankar N. Ramaseri Chandra, and Joel Q. Quanbeck Circular 1455 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DAVID BERNHARDT, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2019 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials JACIE as noted in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts
    Federal Aviation Administration 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts May 2013 FAA Commercial Space Transportation (AST) and the Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC) • i • 2013 Commercial Space Transportation Forecasts About the FAA Office of Commercial Space Transportation The Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation (FAA AST) licenses and regulates U.S. commercial space launch and reentry activity, as well as the operation of non-federal launch and reentry sites, as authorized by Executive Order 12465 and Title 51 United States Code, Subtitle V, Chapter 509 (formerly the Commercial Space Launch Act). FAA AST’s mission is to ensure public health and safety and the safety of property while protecting the national security and foreign policy interests of the United States during commercial launch and reentry operations. In addition, FAA AST is directed to encourage, facilitate, and promote commercial space launches and reentries. Additional information concerning commercial space transportation can be found on FAA AST’s website: http://www.faa.gov/go/ast Cover: The Orbital Sciences Corporation’s Antares rocket is seen as it launches from Pad-0A of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia, Sunday, April 21, 2013. Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls NOTICE Use of trade names or names of manufacturers in this document does not constitute an official endorsement of such products or manufacturers, either expressed or implied, by the Federal Aviation Administration. • i • Federal Aviation Administration’s Office of Commercial Space Transportation Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY . 1 COMSTAC 2013 COMMERCIAL GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBIT LAUNCH DEMAND FORECAST .
    [Show full text]
  • ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch
    ESPI Insights Space Sector Watch Issue 8 August 2020 THIS MONTH IN THE SPACE SECTOR… FOCUS: EU SPACE BUDGET – A GLASS HALF FULL? ...................................................................................... 1 POLICY & PROGRAMMES .................................................................................................................................... 2 ULA and SpaceX selected to launch U.S. military and intelligence satellites ........................................... 2 Release of first U.S. Space Force doctrine ..................................................................................................... 2 New FCC licensing procedures for small satellites....................................................................................... 3 UAE will launch a navigation satellite in 2021 ................................................................................................ 3 Independent study concludes Department of Commerce best suited to take on STM leadership ..... 3 UK proposes UN resolution calling for a global discussion on responsible behaviour in space .......... 4 7th comprehensive dialogue on space between the US and Japan ........................................................... 4 Starliner first crewed mission no earlier than June 2021 ............................................................................ 4 Further increase in SLS development costs ................................................................................................... 4 Portugese Space Agency opens
    [Show full text]
  • Dragon Fire! Copy Subscriber
    SpaceFlight A British Interplanetary Society publication Volume 61 No.5 May 2019 £5.25 Dragon fire! copy Subscriber Apollo feedback 05> Commercial space 634089 Steps back to the Moon 770038 Remembering Apollo 10 9 copy Subscriber CONTENTS Features 16 Return of the Dragon SpaceX has taken a big step forward by successfully launching its Dragon 2 crew- carrying capsule to the International Space Station but how long before astronauts get to ride the latest people-carrier? 2 Letter from the Editor 18 The Impact of Apollo – Part 2 Nick Spall FBIS looks at the technological and The excitement just keeps on inspirational legacy of the Apollo Moon shots growing! No sooner did we have and finds value in the money spent. the first uncrewed landing on the far side of the Moon by China than Israel launched the first privately 22 Apollo 10 – so near, yet so far funded spacecraft to head for a David Baker recalls events 50 years ago when lunar touchdown. Then, NASA three astronauts got closer to the Moon than boss Jim Bridenstine advised ever before and yet left the final descent to glory Congress that its flagship rocket, to the next mission in line, clearing the way for 16 the Space Launch System, may the first landing. not be ready to launch Orion in 2020 as planned, while calling on 32 Commercial Space commercial providers to step up Using a wide range of commercial providers, and fly the mission to fast-track humans back on the Moon in 2028 NASA is building a roadmap to the Moon with (page 2).
    [Show full text]