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RESTORATION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN AND : INTERNATIONAL AND LEGAL BASIS

Sholpan ORMANOVA* The article is devoted to the independence of the of Kazakhstan, the establishment of institutions and the constitutional principles of , the restoration of the relationship with the countries and peoples, based on principles and great Turkic roots. The article highlighted the special place of the Republic of Turkey to recogni- ze Kazakhstan as an independent subject of international relations and, thereby, the emergence in the global of the new state. Certainly one of the most important events of the end of the last XX century was the collapse of the mighty Union of Soviet Socia- list Republic, in brief - the USSR. Republic that were in the USSR, have acquired the political, administrative and managerial independence from the “center”; territorial sovereignty; independence in solving its own legal, economic, social, cultural and other problems; their people gained their freedom and the right of citizens to manage their own state by de- mocratic methods. Since then, 18 years have passed. 16, 1991, the people of Kazakhstan, as stated in the Preamble of the Constitutional Law “On the State Independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan”, affir- ming the right of the Kazakh nation to self-determination based on the determination to create a civil society and the rule of law, carrying out a peaceful foreign policy, declared the independence of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

* Associated Professor, Head of the department of theory of state and law, constitutional law at L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian national university. (Satpayev Street 2, Astana/Kazakis- tan 010008; e-mail: [email protected]) 628 II. Türk Hukuku Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri

As the Head of State N.A. Nazarbayev, in his book “Five Years of Independence”, in order to approve Kazakhstan as an independent state, to be able to focus on domestic issues, it was necessary to find its place in the world, to become a country recognized by the world community. In this regard, Kazakhstan, declared its independence, and thus becoming a full member of the world community, chose the peaceful course of the internal and external policy areas, established equal diplomatic relations with other countries, bilateral and multilateral cooperation in all areas of life with many countries. Republic of Kazakhstan recognizes about 120 countries in the world, with many of them established diplomatic relati- ons. The first recognized Kazakhstan, Turkey, brotherly Republic, whose people is connected historically related with Turkic roots, the tradition of the Great aggregate culture, language and many other values. From the first days of independence, the main vector of its exter- nal relations Kazakhstan has identified integration processes that have contributed to the development of multi-dimensional, large-scale coo- peration of our Republic, both with neighboring states and with foreign countries. This wide range of inter-state relations and enhancing the experience of interaction with the world community, which includes the customs of the population and the current trends of globalization has had a positive impact their experience in the Republic of Turkey, as the Kazakh-Turkish cooperation and the development of different dynamics at an accelerated pace. Naturally our young state, only to embark on the path of market relations of vital importance was the creation of a new class of business executives - businessmen, they receive knowledge and skills in management, business management and technology, in order to enable them to organize their own business and have the opportunity to compete on domestic and foreign markets. From the first days of independence, the main vector of its exter- nal relations Kazakhstan has identified integration processes that have contributed to the development of multi-dimensional, large-scale coo- peration of our Republic, both with neighboring states and with foreign countries. This wide range of inter-state relations and enhancing the experience of interaction with the world community, which includes the Restoration Of Relations Between Kazakhstan And Turkey: International and Legal Basis [Ormanova] 629 customs of the population and the current trends of globalization has had a positive impact their experience in the Republic of Turkey, as the Kazakh-Turkish cooperation and the development of different dynamics at an accelerated pace. Naturally our young state, only to embark on the path of market relations of vital importance was the creation of a new class of business executives - businessmen, they receive knowledge and skills in management, business management and technology, in order to enable them to organize their own business and have the opportunity to compete on domestic and foreign markets. Kazakhstan and Turkey have much in common, linking the peoples of our countries, moments. Both countries are relatively large in key ge- opolitical position in . Fruitful cooperation is also to strengthen ties and further development of the Turkic-speaking countries. Undo- ubtedly, today Kazakhstan and Turkey is the leading country among the Turkic-speaking states. Great Kemal Ataturk initiated the movement in support of Turkic-speaking peoples, the modern life has become my new inspiration. The countries representing the , signed a package of important interstate agreements that laid the foundation for long-term cooperation and integration of the which are Turkic. It is encouraging that the basic principles of the integration of the Turkic peoples, the theoretical framework of which was created by Kemal Ataturk, and that in the modern world are considered to be the primary way of unifying the resources of these nations, effectively used in the new stage of development of relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey Mezhuyev between other fraternal states. These principles have become a catalyst for the revival of the process and improve the historical and cultural relations, have become factor studies of blood and language community of our peoples. In these matters, Kazakhstan and Turkey have demonstrated a pragmatic approach to the prospects of mutual cooperation. However, it is obvious that Kazakhstan is ready to comprehensively develop bilateral ties in the political, economic and humanitarian sphe- res, but not at the expense of its own multi-ethnic nation. In this sense, 630 II. Türk Hukuku Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri political and business circles of Turkey shows understanding and sup- port Kazakhstan’s efforts to build the Eurasian space company ensuring lasting of its own citizens. Today between Kazakhstan and Turkey do not have any problems in bilateral relations. Nevertheless, it is clear that on many international issues coincide views between our countries and our Turkish Republic vector considers very important, though dominant in the foreign policy of Kazakhstan is a multi-vector path. Nevertheless, very instructive for Kazakhstan is a long-term relati- ons of Turkey with the European Union, NATO and other international and supranational organizations. Long a unique experience of integration cooperation of Turkey with the EU, of course, for Kazakhstan is of great interest, especially in connection with the establishment of the regional integration processes in the post-Soviet space. On a separate note the deployment of military and technical coo- peration between our countries. Turkish Defense Ministry financially supports the Kazakh army. Within the framework of these programs in Kazakhstan arrived terrain vehicles and patrol boats, and others. Its development was received by Kazakh-Turkish relations in the field of educational processes. So, in the city of is open and operates the International Kazakh-Turkish University named HAYassavi established by the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan April 9, 1993, “On the construction of the Kazakh-Turkish University named af- ter Ahmed Yesevi.” Named University occupies a pivotal position in the field of higher , has a solid educational and met- hodological base. The University annually trains more than 10 thousand. Students working quality faculty. In acts Demirel University, in the large cities of the Republic established Kazakh-Turkish high schools and other educational institutions. The higher education institutions in Turkey are trained Kazakhstani students, including graduate students, young professionals, most of them free of charge. Restoration Of Relations Between Kazakhstan And Turkey: International and Legal Basis [Ormanova] 631

Cooperation in the field of education developing not only unilate- rally. Turkish citizens are studying in universities in Kazakhstan, Turkey, many Kazakhstani scientists working in different universities. Are meaningful interstate cultural ties, which are accompanied by mutual touring drama, opera houses and other creative groups? Of particular note is the joint work of Kazakhstan and Turkey through TURKSOY inter Turkish organization that promotes the revival and po- pularization of folk traditions, crafts and trades, as well as strengthening cultural exchange between Member States of the organization. Also TURKSOY, Kazakhstan and Turkey are made and in other international organizations such as the OSCE, the Organization for Eco- nomic Cooperation and the Organization of the Islamic Conference, re- lated not only to European countries, but also and the Islamic world. In these organizations, Kazakhstan and Turkey have the authority and play a key role in assisting the search for ways and cooperation between the countries on the Eurasian . I believe that the forthcoming chairmanship of Kazakhstan in OSCE will allow further strengthening of interstate relations in the framework of activities undertaken by the said organization. The beginning of a new era in relations between the two countries was the recent official visit of Nursultan Nazar- bayev to the Republic of Turkey, during which was signed the Agreement on strategic partnership between Kazakhstan and Turkey, providing for further development of bilateral relations between friendly nations, the conclusion of a new level . During a meeting of heads of state, President Abdullah Gul said the high authority of the President of Kazakhstan in the Turkic world and the personal contribution of the Head of State in the development of cooperation between Turkey and Kazakhstan. On this occasion, the President of the Republic of Turkey said that the entire Turkic world will recognize their leader, , and app- reciates its initiatives to consolidate brotherly Turkic peoples, the study of the general history, the development of cultural ties. 632 II. Türk Hukuku Tarihi Kongresi Bildirileri

In turn, Kazakhstan pay tribute to the people of Turkey, the leaders of this country, appreciates the presidents of Turkey, Turgut Ozal and Suleyman Demirel, who have contributed to the development of fruitful cooperation between our countries. In honor of the first President of Turkey in Astana the monument to Ataturk. In summary, I want to note that the international community notes with satisfaction the relations between Kazakhstan and Turkey have been consistently in favor of accelerating the process of deepening integration between the diverse countries of the continent.