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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85272-2 - Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou, 1045-771 BC Li Feng Index More information

Index of inscribed bronzes

Ban gui (JC: 4341), 210, 230 Guo Xuangong Zibai ding (JC: Bingong xu (Zhongguo lishi wenwu 2637), 154, 260 2002.6, 4), 287 Guobo gui (JC: 3907), 93, 328 Bo Jifu ding (JC: 2656), 153 Guoji shi Zizhi li (JC: 683), 255, Bo Jifu gui (JC: 4035), 153 260 Boju li (JC: 689), 335 Guoji Zibai pan (JC: 10173), 153, Buqi gui (JC: 4328), 119, 124, 153, 154 154, 156, 159, 253, 259

Cai gui (JC: 3732), 93, 328 Han Huangfu ding (JC: 2548, 2745), Caobo Di gui (JC: 4019), 73 12, 204 Chenchen he (JC: 9454), 56, 58 Han Huangfu gui (JC: 4143), 204 Chenjian gui (JC: 4237), 68, 70 Han Huangfu pan (JC: 10164), 204 He zun (JC: 6014), 62, 63 Da ding (JC: 2806), 133 Hongshu gui (JC: 3950), 93, 328 Da gui (JC: 4298), 124, 133 Hu ding (JC: 2838), 125 Da gui no. 1 (JC: 4165), 247 Hu gui (JL: 491), 55, 95 Da Ke ding (JC: 2836), 46, 123, 131, 225 Hu gui (JC: 4317), 46 Da Yu ding (JC: 2837), 46, 127 Huan you (JC: 5407), 93, 106–07, 110 Denggong gui (JC: 3775), 69 Dong gui (JC: 4322), 96 Jian zun (JC: 6008), 96 Duoyou ding (JC: 2835), 44, 105, 130, 147 Jifu hu (JC: 9721), 107 Jin ding (JC: 2703), 117, 336 Ehou gui (JC: 3929), 330 Jing gui (JC: 4273), 229 Ehou Yufang ding (JC: 2810), 103, Jinhou Su zhong (JL: 35–50), 65 331, 334–35 Jufu xu (JC: 4464), 135 Emperor Wu of Han, 284 Eshu gui (JC: 3574), 76 Kanghou dao (JC: 11812), 67 Kanghou fu (JC: 11778), 66, 67 Fansheng gui (JC: 4326), 209 Kanghou gui (JC: 4059), 67 Fengshu yi (JC: 10282), 305 Ke he (JL: 942), 335 Fifth Year Qiu Wei ding (JC: 2832), Ke lei (JL: 987), 93, 106–07, 110, 335 98, 101, 225 Ke zhong (JC: 204), 160 Fifth Year Shi Shi gui (JC: 4216), 97 First Year Shi Dui gui (JC: 4274), Lai pan (Wenwu 2003.6, 32–3), 15, 48, 106 95 Forty-Second Year Lai ding Li fangyi (JC: 9899), 95 (Wenwu 2003.6, 16–17), 125, 156, 173, 193, 344 Li fangzun (JC: 6013), 95 Fu ding (JC: 2507), 335 Li gui (JC: 4231), 48 Ling fangyi (JC: 9901), 63, 313 Guaibo gui (Qiangbo gui or Lu Dong you (JC: 5419), 96 Guijiang gui ) (JC: 4331), 97, 183 Lu¨ Fuyu pan (JC: 10169), 230 Guo Wengong Zizhi ding (JC: Lu¨ Jiang gui (JC: 3348), 230 2634–6), 260 Lu¨ Jijiang hu (JC: 9610), 230

387

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85272-2 - Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou, 1045-771 BC Li Feng Index More information

388 Index of inscribed bronzes

Lu¨ Xing hu (JC: 9689), 229 Third Year Shi Dui gui (JC: 4318), Luobo xu (JC: 4346), 180 106 Third Year Xing hu (JC: 9726), Mai zun (JC: 6015), 56, 57, 114 247 Mao gui (JC: 4327), 123 Tong you (JC: 5398), 186 Maogong ding (JC: 2841), 122 Mei’ao gui (JC: 4213), 185 Wu gui (JC: 4323), 103, 124, 130 Mian zun (JC: 6006), 247 Wuhu ding (JL: 364), 56, 58, 133 Miaosheng xu (JC: 4459), 103, 331 X ding (JC: 2741), 313 Mibo gui (JC: 4257), 48 X you (JC: 5411), 96 Minggong gui (JC: 4029), 313 X zun (JC: 5986), 114 Mishu gui (JC: 4253), 48 Xi Jia pan (JC: 10174), 123, 151, 286 Mugong guigai (JC: 4191), 95 Xianhou ding (JC: 2626), 46 Mu gui (JC: 4343), 100 Xiao Ke ding (JC: 2797), 131, 272 Xiao Yu ding (JC: 2839), 54, 127, Nangong Liu ding (JC: 2805), 128 130 Xiaochen Lai gui (JC: 4239), 313 Ninth Year Qiu Wei ding (JC: Xiaochen X ding (JC: 2556), 110 2831), 97, 185 Xiaochen Zhai gui (JC: 4201), 45 Xing ding (JC: 2742), 45 Qi you (JC: 5410), 117, 308 Xun gui (JC: 4321), 48, 268 Qi zun (JC: 5983), 117, 308 Qian you (JC: 5402), 94, 123 Ya he (JC: 9439), 338 Qin gui (JC: 4041), 307 Yan’er zhong (JC: 203), 242 Qingong gui (JC: 4315), 289 Yanhou Zhi ding (JC: 2628), 46, 114, Qiu Wei he (JC: 9456), 45, 125 337 Yi gui (JC: 4287), 225 Ran fangding (JC: 2739), 305, Yihou Ze gui (JC: 4320), 76, 110, 307 322 Yin Ji li (JC: 754), 95, 128 Sanbo gui (JC: 3779), 186 Yinghou zhong (JC: 107), 119 Sanshi pan (JC: 10176), 110, 186 Yingjian yan (JC: 883), 113 Shan ding (JC: 2820), 112 Yiyu gui (JC: 3976), 93, 328 Shao huanqi (JC: 10360), 94, 123 Yong yu (JC: 10332), 48, 123, 172 Shaobo Hu gui (Kaogu 1995.9, 790), You gui (JL: 3906), 335 136 Yu ding (JC: 2721), 96 Shi Cheng zhong (JC: 141), 255 Yu ding (JC: 2834), 103, 130 Shi Hu gui (JC: 4316), 95, 101 Yu fangding (JC: 2505), 335 Shi Hui gui (JC: 4311), 105 Yu gui (JC: 3825), 336 Shi Li gui (JC: 4324.2), 107 Yu yan (JC: 948), 96, 308 Shi Mi gui (Kaogu yu wenwu 1989.3, Yu you (JC: 5374), 117 7–9), 55 Yuan pan (JC: 10172), 135, 248 Shi Qiang pan (JC: 10175), 46, 225, 328, 329 Zewang guigai (JC: 3871), 186, Shi Song gui (JC: 4229), 46 248 Shi You gui (JC: 4288), 268, 286 Zewang ding (JC: 2149), 186 Shi Yu ding (JC: 2723), 308 Zewang zhi (JC: 6452), 186 Shi Yu gui (JC: 4277), 308 Zha zhong (JC: 133), 129 Shi Yuan gui (JC: 4314), 135, 316 Zhabo gui (Wenwu 1998.9, 54), 118 Shi Yun gui (JC: 4283), 101 Zheng Qiangbo li (JC: 659), 210 Shi Zai ding (JC: 2812), 255 Zheng Yi Qiangfu xu (JC: 4392), Shichen ding (Hanshu 25,p.1251), 210 161 Zheng Yibo xu (JC: 4391), 210 Song hu (JC: 9731), 272 Zhong Chengfu gui (JC: 4188), 225

Index of inscribed bronzes 389

Zhong fangding no. 1 (JC: 2785), 94, Zhong yan (JC: 949), 325 123 Zhousheng dou (JC: 4682), 107 Zhong fangding nos. 2–3 (JC: 2751–2), Zhousheng gui (JC: 4292–3), 107, 112, 325, 328 136 Zhong Jifu gui (JC: 3954), 113 Zuoce Da fangding (JC: 2758), 204 Zhong Shengfu li (JC: 729), 180 Zuoce Hu you (JC: 5432), 45, 327

General index

Allan, Sarah, 22 chronology of second conquest, 307 Ancient Duke (or Danfu ), 47 discrepancies between Ancient and Current migration to Qiyi, 143 versions, 347–49 Anding Commandery , 51 general historical value of, 13 Ankang , 55 on fall of Western Zhou, 218–20 Anyang: as Shang capital, 19, 27, 55 importance to Western Zhou history, 13–14 appointment inscriptions, 9 on late King Xuan, 138 earliest examples, 95 on war with Xianyun, 150 geographical distribution, 117 see also textual records as institutional invention, 95 bangjun , 121 see also bronze inscriptions Bangjun Li , 125 archaeological material Bao classiﬁcation, 7–8 location of, 203 disadvantage of, 8 Bao Si , 26, 195 use of, in different disciplines, 21–22 accused of destroying Zhou, 201 archaeology demonized, 202 implication for recovering social conditions, as “female weapon,” 200 23–24 historiographical development of her role, importance to the study of Western Zhou 198–202 state, 23–24 story of, 199–200 as link between history and geography, 21–22 Bao Si bian (Debating Bao Si), 196 possibility for revealing Zhou’s weakening, Baofeng , 74 116–17 Baoji City , 35, 253 special relation to history, 22 Baoji County , 254 of Zhou heartland, 40–49 Baozhong County , 203 see also Qin, regional states, Shandong, Yan, Beidongcun , 338 Yangzi River Beipinggao , 72 Arian, 15 Beiyao , 63 aristocratic families Beizhao , 173 history, 127–29 Benrong , 139 power of, 126–27, 129–31 Bi , 56, 60, 123 of Wei River valley, 121 Bianjiazhuang , 275 see also landed properties Bin (or Jingshi ) location, 160, 161 Ba River, 32, 50 as pre-dynastic Zhou center, 143, 149, 160 Baicaopo , 50 relation with Xun, 161 Bailizhen , 51 Bin Plateau , 161 Baiquan , 169 Bingbo , 50 Baishui , 169 Binting , 160 Baiyu Mountain, 227 Binxian , 33 Bamboo Annals (or Zhushu jinian ), 13, Binxiang , 160 16, 17, 99, 105, 198–202 Biyang , 317 authenticity of, 13–14, 347 Blakeley, Barry, 112 chronology of King You’s reign, 347 on Danyang as Chu center, 328

390

General index 391

Bo (or Dangshe ), 274 Chang, Kwang-chih, 7 Bo Fu (or Bo Pan ), 197, 214 Chang’an: invaded in ad 765 , 39 Bo Hefu (or Shi Hefu ), 106 as ancient Chinese capital, 40 career constructed from inscriptions, 93, Changfu : as ruler of Yang, 158, 173 106–07, 110 Changle , 311 date suggested by inscriptions, 107 Changwu , 33 see also Gongbo He Changyi County , 73 Bo Maifu , 328 Changzhi , 61, 322–23 Bo Maofu , 229, 313 Changzi Gou , 325 Bo Xian , 304 Changzi Kou , 76 Bo Yangfu , 208 Chao Cuo , 282, 284 Bofu (Shifu ) of Qin, 350 Chaoxian , 322 Bogu (or Pugu ), 307 Chaoyu -Shizuitou type: as local Boju , 338 culture in Baoji area, 37 Book of Documents (or Shangshu ), 11, 202 Chen , 48, 75 Book of Poetry (or Shijing ), 11, 50, 51, 54, 115 location of, 75 on aftermath of Zhou’s fall, 237–39 Chen, Huan : on location of Taiyuan, challenge to use as historical sources, 12–3 167 date of, 12, 207–08 Chen, Mengjia , 46, 93 on politics of King You’s reign, 205–13 on Lai, 316 reflection on Zhou institution, 208 Chen, Pan , 73, 89 on state of Shen, 137 on Zheng lineage, 248 see also textual records Chen, Xingcan : on sources of bronze, Border Protector (or yufang ), 103, 331 318 meaning of, 330 Chencang County , 254 see also Ehou Chenchen , 62 Boshan Mountains, 308 Cheng , 73, 308 Boshi : as Quanrong chief, 145 location of, 308 Boshi : as Zhou commander in Buqi gui, 153 Chengfu County , 70 identification of, 153 Cheng-Kang Peace, 91, 281, 283 Bronze Age, 7 Chengwu County , 73 bronze inscriptions, 21 Chengzhou , see Luoyi bias of, 9–10 Chongling County, 329 on communication between royal court and Chu : location of, 304, 328 regional states, 117–19 Chunhua , 39, 179 as historical sources, 9–10 Chuxian , 318 on land-granting, 123–24 Cixian , 68, 82 rules determining women’s names, 186 Clarke, David silence on the fall of Western Zhou, 194 on relation between textual records and Western Zhou, relation to geography, 19 archaeology, 22 see also appointment inscriptions; inscribed on relation between tribal units and bronzes archaeological cultures, 23 climate: Shang–early Western Zhou, 60 Cai , 74 Cohen, David: on Dongyi, 313 location of, 74 commandery-county system, 281, 283–84 Caishu , 65 Confucius Cambridge History of Ancient China, 22, 293 on Book of Poetry, 12 Cao , 73 on Western Zhou dynasty, 1, 194 location of, 73 Cook, Constance, 125 Cen, Zhongmian , 172 Creel, Herrlee, 7 Central Plain (or eastern plain), 24, 58, 70, 72, dilemma theory about Western Zhou state, 73 280 cultural integration with Wei River valley, on historical value of bronze inscriptions, 9 81–82 on Zhou finance, 122 local culture of, 77–80 Cui, Shu , 65 Chai, Xiaoming : on Hebei pottery, 340 on fall of Western Zhou, 196–97 Chan River, 63 on founding of Lu, 306

392 General index

Cui, Shu (cont.) on nature of frontier, 174–75 on relation between Western Rong and Shen, on Northern Zone communities, 144, 291 223 see also Northern Zone Complex see also Feng Hao kaoxin lu “Dili zhi” (or “Geographical Records”), Cui Lequan : on Qufu pottery, 315 20 Ding, Shan , 328 Da Ji , 202 Dingtao County , 73, 75 Dabi : as Quanrong chief, 145 Dong Commandery , 72 Dabuzishan , 266 Dong, Zuobin : on Shang campaign bronzes and their date, 271–72 against Renfang, 306 Dadiwan , 35 Dongjiacun , 46 Dafanzhuang , 249 Dongjialin , 335 Dahong Mountains, 319 Dongquanxiang , 264 Dai , 75 Dongyi , 95, 307, 313 location of, 75 Dongzhi Plateau , 32 Dali , 169, 171 dou , 78 Dali River, 40 Doumenzhen , 43 Daling River valley, 338 Du Yu , 71 Dalu Marsh , 56, 60 Duanjing (Cutting off the Jing River), 33 Daluo lineage Duke Ai of Qi , 98 extermination by the Western Rong, 270 Duke Grand Scribe (or Gong Taishi ), as forerunner of Qin, 236 118, 327 location of, 266 identification, 327 marriage with Western Shen, 263 Duke Huan of Zheng (or Prince Duofu relation to Zhou, 268–70 ), 214, 235, 246, 247 see also Qin heritage of, 246 Dan River, 61 Duke Mu , 95, 128 Danfeng , 55 Duke Ming (or Mingbo ), 63, 313 Danfu , see Ancient Duke Duke of Bi , 327 Dantu , 322 Duke of Guo Danyang campaign against Quanrong, 146 as Chu center, 328 see also Western Guo see also Blakeley Duke of Guo, Chou , 261 Danyang : in Jiangsu, 323 Duke of Guo, Gu (or Han , or Guo Shifu Daqing River, 334 ), 195, 200, 242, 261, 291 Daqinggong : new archaeological identified with Han, 242 excavations and implications for Song, Duke of Guo, Jifu , 261 75–76 Duke of Guo, Linfu , 261 Dawen River fault, 303 Duke of Qin , 265 Daxi River, 32, 230 identification of bronzes, 271–73 Daxinzhuang , 19, 306 Duke of Shao (or Grand Protector), 66, Dayi Shang , 55 204, 335, 336–37 Dayuancun , 41 heritage of, 336 dazong , see Zongfa Duke of Teng , 305 decline of Western Zhou Duke of Zhai , 145 definition of decline, 6, 92–93 Duke of Zhai, Dun , 215 first foreign invasion, 96 Duke of Zhou , 11, 21, 93, 111, 204 mid-Western Zhou transition, 3, 95–96 possible family cemetery of, 48 political disorder, 97–101, 102 Duke Wen of Guo , 260 reasons for decline, 91–92 Duke Wen of Qin : move to Wei River spatial crisis in the west, 187–88, 189 plain, 275 see also Western Zhou state Duke Wu , 147 Deng , 328 date of, and related inscriptions, 131–32 Denggong Cheng , 329, 330 power of, 130–31 Di , 68 Duke Wu of Zheng , 249, 353 Di Cosmo, Nicola Duke Xiang of Qin : campaign into Wei on King Mu’s campaign against Quanrong, River plain, 275 145 Duke Xuan of Guo , 260

General index 393

Duke Yi , 97 Fangcheng , 319 Duke Zhuang of Qin , 270 construction of, 319 Duoyou Fansheng , 209 date of, 132, 150 Feizi , 263 road to battleground, 165 Fen River (valley), 30, 82 communication with eastern plain, 83–84 E communication with Wei River valley, 83 archaeology of, 330–31 cultural relation to Wei River valley, 88 location of, 330 Feng see also Ehou destruction of, 240 E garrison, 328 as Zhou capital, 30, 44 early Chinese state, 1, 193–95 Feng Ren , 48 defined, 1 Feng River, 32, 41 Eastern Guo Fengbo , 307 location of, 74, 249 Fengchu , 46 see also Guo Feng Hao kaoxin lu , 196 Eastern Shen : location and historical see also Cui Shu origin, 226 Fenghaocun , 43 Eastern Zhou , 233 “Fengjian” , 25, 116 political transition to, 241–43 as institution, 110–11, 281, 283, 341 time defined, 233 meaning of, 110 eastward migration Fengjing , 247 impact on politics of Central Plain, 277 Fengxiang , 39, 49 impact on Zhou court, 277 Fengyang , 318 as massive movement, 245–46, 277 Ferrill, Arther, 92 of Qin, 273–76 feudalism of Western Guo, 258–61 criticism of, 110 of Zheng, 246–50 of Europe, 110 of Zhou court, 243–45 of Western Zhou, 110–11, 280, 281, 282 see also Qin, Western Guo, Western Zhou feudo-vassalic institution, 112 state, Zheng Finley, M. I.: on relation between history and Ehou (ruler of E), 3, 330 archaeology, 22 rebellion of, 103–05, 331 First Emperor, 2, 282, 284 Eight Armies of Chengzhou , 94, 103, 313 Five Cities (or wuyi ), 56, 130 Ezhou City , 330 frontier of Western Zhou complexity of, 187 Falkenhausen, Lothar von cultural symbiosis in, 176–83 on cultural homogenization during Eastern political relations in, 183–87 Zhou, 293–94 as zones of co-existence, 174–75 on Guo tombs, 255 see also Di Cosmo on Qufu material, 315 Fu, Sinian : on move of regional states, on religious use of bronzes, 10 89 on transfer of inscriptions onto bronzes, 9 Fu Chen , 71 fall of Western Zhou, 4 Fucheng County , 70 compared to the fall of Qin Empire, 281, 283 Fufeng , 46 final combat reinterpreted, 219–21 Fuhou (or Luhou¨ ), 230 geography of the fall reconfigured, 230–31 Fushan Guoyuan , 323 historical consequences, 193 Fuxian , 35 impact on Wei River society, 239–40 Fuyang , 96 problems in Confucian interpretation, 202–03 problems in geography of, 223–24 Ganquan , 35, 171 as subject of political discourse, 194–96 Gao , 73 see also Western Zhou state location of, 73 Fan , 72 Gaoling , 173 Fan , 209 Gaolu , 40 Fan, Shifeng , 163 gaoping , 167 Fang , 328 Gaoyin , 155, 169, 173 Fang, Shanzhu , 208 Gaozu of Han, Emperor, 284

394 General index

Ge , 75 history of, 128 location of, 75 segmentation of, 251–53 Geng , 87 see also Eastern Guo, Western Guo geography Guo Palace , 254 approaches to historical geography, 19–20 Guo Shifu , see Duke of Guo, Gu possibility and methods to recover Western Guo Yan , on the fall of Western Zhou, 195 Zhou geography, 19, 20 Guobo , 252 relation to human society, 18 Guochuan , 253 value of geographical records, 20–21 Guochuansi , 253 see also Fen River valley, Hebei, Jing River Guoji , see Western Guo valley, landscape, Shandong, Shang, Wei Guoji Gonggong , 255 River valley, Western Zhou state, Yangzi Guoji shi Zizu , 253 Gezhuang , 68 Guoji Yifu , 255 Grand Protector, see Duke of Shao Guoji Zibai , 259 Gong County , 72 guoren (people of capital), 105 Gong Pool, 164 Guoshu , 128, 251 Gong Taishi , see Duke Grand Scribe Guoyu (Speeches of the States), 14, 17, 105, Gong : in Henan, 51 199 Gong , 149 on political geography of early Eastern Zhou, location in upper Jing River valley, 164 235 Gongbo He see also textual records identiﬁed with Bo Hefu, 106 Guozhen , 254 as regent, 105–07, 132, 134 Guozhong , 251 see also Bo Hefu Gushibian (Discriminations on ancient Gonggu , 158 history), 16 Gongqiu County , 305 evaluation, 16 Great Wall of Qin, 167 Guyuan , 37, 52, 167 Great Zheng Palace , 246 landscape of, 167 Gu, Yanwu : on location of Taiyuan, 165 Gu garrison, 96 Hai River, 334 Guai Han Empire: institutional relation to Western as foreign state, 185 Zhou state, 281, 283–84 relation to Zhou, 185 Hancheng , 87 royal campaign against, 97 Handan , 68 see also Guaibo, Guaishu Hangu (Container Valley), 32, 60 Guaibo (or Mei’ao ) Hann : in Hebei, 137, 337 relations to Zhou, 185–86 Hann : in Shanxi, 87 as ruler of Guai, 97, 185 Hanyuan , 87 Guaishu , 183 Hanzhong Commandery , 203 Gu’an , 337 Hao (or Zongzhou ) guan , 78 destruction of, 240 Guangping Commandery , 68 targeted by Xianyun, 48 Guangyang Commandery , 337 as Zhou capital, 30, 44, 46, 112 Guanshu , 65 Hebei plain Guanzhong (Land within the Passes), 32 communication with Fen River valley, 331, Gucheng , 83, 306 334–35 gui , 78 landscape of, 332–34 Guicheng , 309 Zhou expansion into, 337 Guifang : campaign against, 54, 128 Hedong Commandery , 87 Guo, Moruo Hei River, 32 on date of Guoji Zibai pan, 154 Heibo , 50 on identiﬁcation of Fan with Fangsheng, 209 Hejiacun , 46 Guo County , 254 Hejin County , 87 Guo lineage, 49 Helan Mountains, 37 debate about geography of, 257–58 Henan Commandery , 74 historiographical tradition on origin of, and Henan County , 66 criticism, 251–52 Henei Commandery , 62, 72

General index 395

Hidouzui , 179 Huxizhuang , 49 Higuchi, Takayasu : on Guo tombs, Huzhong , 169, 171 256 Hill of Zhengfu , 352 Iijima, Taketsugu : on Qufu pottery, Hong, Liangji , 164 315 Hongdong , 173 inscribed bronzes Houma , 82 as archaeological evidence, 8–9 Hsu, Cho-yun, 7, 89 locally excavated, 23 on Zhou government, 95 see also bronze inscriptions on Zhou move east, 245 Ito,¯ Michiharu Hu (Hu ): as state, 96 on archaeological discovery of bronzes, 117 Hu, Wei : on location of Taiyuan, 167 on Jing lineage, 247 Huai River (valley), 3 on land ownership, 125 archaeological sites, 322 on regional states, 111–12 landscape of, 318 relation to Zhou, 324 Jackson, John Brinckerhoff: on deﬁnition of Huaibin , 74 landscape, 17, 18 Huaili , 99 Ji Commandery , 72 Huaili County , 267 Ji , 337 Huaiyang , 73, 75 Ji : archaeology of, 315–16 Huaiyi Ji County , 72 invasion, 96, 103 Ji County , 337 see also Southern Huaiyi Ji Huafu , 315 Huang, Shengzhang , 156, 159 Ji Yu , 325 on Yihou Ze gui, 322 Jiabo (or Jiafu ), 209, 210 Huangfu (August Father), 25, 209, 245 Jian River, 63 bronzes cast by, 204 Jiang , 74 departure from capital, 204 location of, 74 party of, 209, 210 Jiang, Yong , 73 prominent role of, 203–04 Jiang clan, 186 reason behind retirement, 208–09 Jiang Prefecture , 86 struggle with King You-Bao Si party, 205–14 Jiangjia , 308 Huangpi , 325 Jiangling , 327 Huangxian , 117 Jiangrong , 139 archaeology in, 308–09 jianju , 291 Huaxia Jiao , 214, 261 concept of, 285 Jiao , 103 as cultural distinction, 287–89 Jiao Ju , 218 reasons behind concept, 290–92 Jiao Xun :onBaoSi,196 reﬂected in bronze inscriptions, 289–90 Jiaodong peninsula, 95, 301 Huaxian , 246 Jiaohuo , 153, 169, 172 Hufang , 94, 328 location of, 169 Huixian , 72 Jiaolai River, 301 Huizhong Palace, 45 Jiaoxian , 309 Hukou , 169 Jie River, 33 Hunan region Jihou , 119 local bronze culture, 327 Jihou (ruler of Ji), 315 relation to Zhou, 327 Jijiachuan type, 37 see also Kane Jing , 62 Hunyu , 142 Jing Prefecture , 164 Huolinhe , 323 Jing lineage, 49 Huoqiu , 322 differentiated from Xing , 128 Huoshan (or Huotaishan ), 83, 87 history of, 128–29 Huoshu , 65 see also Jingbo, Jingshu, Zhengjing Huoxian , 87 Jing River (valley or region), 30, 49 Huozhuang , 74 cultural break during late Western Zhou, 189 Hushu culture, 323 geographical context of Xianyun war, 164–65

396 General index

Jing River (valley or region) (cont.) King Li , 3, 91 landscape of, 32–33 exile, 105 relation to Wei River valley, 57 exile reinterpreted, 131–34 Jingbo , 129 as fenwang , 137 Jingchuan , 164 King Mu , 3, 91, 95, 96 Jingdang , 255 attack on Quanrong, 145 Jing Ji , 49 King of Xie (or Prince Yuchen ), 241, Jingjing (Path of Jing), 335 242, 243 Jingshan , 330 death of, 245 Jingshan , 319 identity of, 241–42 Jingshi , see Bin King Ping (or Prince Yijiu ), 4, 193, Jingshu , 43, 129 197, 200, 216 date of tombs of, 252–53 date of exile, 349 of Feng, 129, 252 exile from capital, 202, 214 Jingshu Da , 252 role in the fall of Western Zhou, 220 Jingshu Shucai , 252 trip to Luoyi, 244 jingtian (Well Field): system of, 123 King Wen , 2, 61–62 Jingyang , 153 King Wu , 2, 93 Jingyang County , 169 King Xiao , 101 Jining , 305 granting of Qin, 263 Jinxiang , 73 irregular succession of, 99 Jitou Mountain, 33 King Xuan , 4, 91 Jiuzhan , 176 against Huaiyi, 135–37 Jiyang , 304 campaigns in the west, 135, 150 Jiyin Commandery , 73 diplomacy in the east, 137 Jiyuan , 73, 83, 204 restoration of, 135–37 Ju , 317 King Yi , 3, 98 Juefu (or Jue ), 209 King Yih , 3, 99 mission to Hann, 137 King You , 4, 203 see also Hann, in Hebei alliance with regional rulers, 217–18 Julu , 75 death, 219–20 Juye Marsh , 60 politics reinterpreted, 215 Juzhi : as chief of Jiangshi, 288 King Zhao , 3 revealed by inscriptions, 94 Kaizuka, Shigeki : on early history of southern campaign, 93–94, 327–29 Yan, 304, 338 Kong Yingda : alteration of Ancient Kane, Virginia, on bronze culture of Yangzi, Bamboo Annals, 220–21 324 Kuai , 75, 202 Kang Gong , 46, 47 location of, 75, 249 Kang Mu Gong , 47 Kunming Lake , 43 Kang Shao Gong , 47 Kunyi , 143 Kangbo Mao , 313 Kangshu Feng , 67 Lai , 316 Kazuo Laiyang , 119, 315 archaeological discoveries and cultural setting, Laiyi , 306 338 landed properties, 122 see also Yan changing pattern of granting, 124–26 Keightley, David granting by the king, 123–24 on oracle-bone inscriptions, 1 piecemeal granting, 125, 126 on Shang capital, 55 small land ownership, 125 on Shang geography, 18–19 see also aristocratic families on Shang state, 2, 14 landscape, 5, 71 Keshengzhuang , 41 in context of the fall of Western Zhou, 221 King Cheng , 3, 63 deﬁnition of, 17–18 King Jing of Zhou , 241 see also Jackson, geography King Kang , 3, 30, 54 Lanqiao , 176 temple of, 47 Lantian , 48

General index 397

Laoshan , 303 Liulige , 294, 295–96 Lattimore, Owen, 175–76, 291 Liulihe , 78, 335 law of diminishing returns, 108, 109 Liulin , 54 li , 78 Liupan Mountains, 2, 32, 54 Li , 61 Liutaizi , 117 Li, Feng (previous) archaeological excavation at, 304, 305 on appointment inscriptions, 9 Lixian , 265 on aristocratic titles, 56, 57 Loess Plateau, 18, 31, 32, 54 on bronze culture in northern Shaanxi, 54 of northern Shaanxi, 35 on date of Guo tombs, 256 Loewe, Michael, 7, 11 on “feudalism,” 110 on principle of government, 280 on Mu gui, 10 Long Pass , 32, 37 on pre-dynastic Zhou culture, 35, 41 Longde , 228 Li, Ling : on burials of Qin dukes, 273 Longshan , 35, 37 Li, Xueqin Longxian , 37, 49 on date of Duoyou ding, 132 Lu¨ (or Fu ), 230 on identification of Buqi, 156 in bronze inscriptions, 229–30 on identification of Zeng with Sui, 329 location before move to Nanyang, 230 on identification of Zhai Gong, 146 relocation in Nanyang, 137, 228–29 on Zhou capitals, 46, 47 Lu , 73, 307 Li, Zhongcao archaeology of, 314–15 on battle of 823 bc, 169, 171 date of founding, 306 on rules determining women’s names, 186 Lu, Liancheng , 45 Li, Boqian , 86, 87 on date of Jingshu tombs, 253 Li Ji , 194, 195 on location of Zheng, 246 Li Shang , 161 Lu¨ Gang , 49 Li Si , 281, 282 Lubo¨ , 230 Li Zhi , 196 Luliang¨ Mountains, 82 on Bao Si, 196 Luo , 155 Liangshan , 304 Luo River (valley, in Henan), 30, 63 Libo , 316 Luo River (valley, in Shaanxi), 32, 35, 40 Licheng County , 62 as battleground in 816 bc, 154, 172 lieding system, 255 Luo, Xizhang : on bronze caches in see Zhou sumptuary system Zhouyuan, 241 Liji , 112 Luo zhi Yang , 171 Lijiacun , 48 Luobo , 173 Lijiaya , 54 Luochuan , 55 Lijin , 56, 58 Luoyang County , 66 lijun , 121 Luoyang plain, 58, 62–63 Linduff, Katheryn, 7, 95 communication with Wei River valley, Lineage Law, see Zongfa 60–61 lineage segmentation, 251, 252 as new site of royal court, 234 Lingbao , 58, 60 Luoyi (or Chengzhou / Wangcheng Lingtai , 39, 50 ): Lintong , 48 construction of, 63, 65 Linyou , 172 days for travel to capital Hao, 65 Linzi County , 308 debate about its composition, 65–66 Lirong , 194 as eastern capital, 4, 6, 30, 62 Lishan tribe, 263 geographical setting, 234–35 Lishan Mountain, 4, 32 identification of Wang with Wangcheng, Lishui , 323 66 Liu, Li: on sources of bronze, 318 importance in Zhou strategy, 65 Liu, Yu , 9 political geography perceived by Zhou people, on Ke zhong, 160 235–37 Liu Xin , 27 Lushan , 73 Liu Zongyuan : on the fall of Western Lushan Mountain, 303 Zhou, 196 Lushi¨ chunqiu , 200

398 General index

Lutaishan , 118 Nanshangen , 323 archaeological excavation at, 325–27 Nanyang Commendery , 137, 329 date of tombs, 325 Neishi (Interior Scribe), 206 relations with Panlongcheng, 327 Neishi Wu , 101 see also Panlongcheng Neishiyin (Chief Interior Scribe), 203 Luyi , 75 Nianzipo , 41 Niaoshu Mountain, 33 Ma, Chengyuan , 12 Ningcheng , 338 on local bronze culture in Yangzi delta, 323 Ningxian , 173 Machanggou , 338 Ningyang , 73, 308 Majiayao culture, 35 Nishan , 303 Majiazhen , 48 Niutou River, 268 Malian River, 32 Nivison, David Mandate of Heaven, 2 on historical value of Bamboo Annals, 13 Manyi , 317 on Zhou conquest of Shang, 27 Mao , 73 Northern Mountain system, 31, 39 location of, 73 Northern Zone Complex, 144, 175, 183 Mao family, 128 cultural inﬂuence on Zhou, 179–83 Maobo , 230 deﬁnition of, 144 Maojiaping , 54, 264 during middle-late Western Zhou, 182 excavation at, 264, 265 see also Di Cosmo Maoqinggou , 182 Nylan, Michael, 11 Maoxiang , 73 Mapo , 62 oracle-bone inscriptions, 18, 19 Matsumaru, Michio , 76 of Shang, 1, 19 on Shang state, 2 of Zhou, 46 Mawangcun , 41 overseers of states (or zhujian ), institution Meixian , 48 of, 113 meng : as covenant of alliance, 218 Mengji , 329 Pang Mengjin , 62 possible location of, 56 Mengshan , 303 as Zhou capital, 56 Mengyugou , 183 Pangcun , 67 Mi County , 51 Pangjiagou , 63 Mi , 51 Pankenier, David location of, 51 on accuracy of astronomical records in Mi : as family, 48 Bamboo Annals, 14 Mianxian , 203 on historical value of Bamboo Annals, 13 Miaogou , 62 on Zhou conquest of Shang, 27 Mingbo , see Duke Ming Panlongcheng , 309, 322 mingqi , 294 Pei Commandery , 305 Minor Guo , 274 pen , 78 Minquan , 75 Penggong , 189 Mixian , 75, 235 Pengya , 169 Mixu , 51 Pengyang , 169 Motianling , 303 pin : as interstate visit, 216 mound-tombs (or tudunmu ), 323 Pines, Yuri: on historical value of speeches in Mu tianzi zhuan , 145 Zuozhuan, 14 Mufu Mountains, 319 Pingdingshan , 61, 69 Muye , 27 Pingliang , 33 Muzidun , 323 Pinglu , 84, 258 Pingyang , 276 Nangong lineage: history of, 127–28 Plutarch, 15 Nangong Kuo , 54 pottery wares: Nanguanwai , 81 of Central Plain, 78–80 Nanhuangzhuang , 313 of Eastern Zhou, 294, 295–96 Nanpo , 49 from Fen River valley, 88

General index 399

from Hebei plain, 340 Qin , 26, 221 importance in archaeology, 7–8, 23 allied with Zhou, 135, 270–71 local types in Shandong, 312 archaeological search for, 263 from Luoyang, 78, 80–81 background for move east, 274 from middle Yangzi, 331–32 control over Wei River plain, 276 periodization, 41, 43 founding of, 262–63 from Qufu, date and periodization, 314 move to Quanqiu, 271 from Shandong, 310–12 new discovery in Lixian, 265–66 from upper Wei River valley, 264–65 origin of, 264 late Western Zhou set, 264 original location, 268 from Xingtai, 81 struggle with Rong people, 150, 270–71 of Zhou styles, 78 as sub-lineage of Daluo, 263 pre-dynastic Zhou, 40 see also Daluo lineage different schools on the location of, 41 Qin Empire, 281, 283 relation to upper Jing River, 10 Qin Prefecture , 268 tombs, 46 Qin River, 61 see also Bin Qin’an , 179 pre-imperial states, 1, 245 Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, 33 Prince Duofu , see Duke Huan of Zheng Qingjian , 54 Prince Yijiu , see King Ping qingshi (Prime Minister), 214 Prince Yuchen , see King of Xie Qingshui : in Gansu, 268 Prince Zhao , 241 Qingshui River (valley): in Ningxia, 37, 52, Pru° ˇsek, Jaroslav, 165 167 on location of Jingyang, 171 Qingyang , 32 on origin of Xianyun, 144 Qinling Mountains, 31 on Quanhou, 344 Qinshui County , 72 on roads of Xianyun invasion, 159 Qinyang , 62, 72 Pu River (northern), 32 Qinyi , 268 Pu River (southern): location of, 230 Qinzhong , 150, 270 Pulleyblank, Edwin: on relation between Qishan Mountain, 31, 46, 47 Xianyun and Xiongnu, 143 Qisi County , 74 Qiu, Xigui : on identiﬁcation of shen Qi , 75 with shen , 225 location of, 75 Qiu Shang , 55 Qi , 149 Qixian , 75 location of, 161–64 Qixian , 67 Qi , 3, 55, 308 Qiyi (or Zhou /Zhouyuan ), 46, 47 archaeology of, 315 Zhou migration to, 47 conﬂict with royal interest, 98–99 Qizhong , 309 royal campaign against, 97–98 Qu, Wanli , 239 Qi, Sihe : on pre-dynastic Zhou, 41, Quanhou , 344 43 Quanqiu Qi County , 160, 161 as base of Daluo-Qin, 263, 266 Qi River, 67 see also Daluo lineage Qi River, 39, 161, 163 Quanrong , 4, 142, 219 Qian, Mu , 41 as a later term, 343–44 on the fall of Western Zhou, 223–24 relation to Xianyun, 343–46 Qian River, 32, 39 see also Xianyun, Western Rong Qiang people, 274 Quanyi , 142 Qiangjiacun , 254 Qucun , 84 Qianmu , 139 Qufu , 73 Qianshui Plateau , 33, 164–67 Quma (Master of Horses), 206 Qianyang , 172 Qianzhangda , 306 Rawson, Jessica, 7 Qiguo , 62 on pre-dynastic Zhou pottery, 41 Qijia culture, 35 on uniformity of Western Zhou bronzes, 77 Qijiacun , 46 regional kings of Han, 283–84

400 General index

regional rulers (or zhuhou ), 113 Sanjian , see Three Overseers visits to royal court, 114 Sanmenxia , 60, 255 see also regional states Sanshui County , 161 regional states, 2, 3 Schaberg, David, 12, 22 archaeological discovery of, 5, 66–70 on speeches in Zuozhuan, , 14, 15 contributions to Zhou power, 281, 283 second conquest, 65, 93, 306 deﬁnition of, 2 Shan County , 257 locations of Ji states, 72–74 Shandong (peninsula and region), 2, 17 locations of non-Ji states, 75–76 archaeology in eastern peninsula, 308 number of Ji states, 71–72 archaeology of, 304–06 signiﬁcance in Zhou strategy, 70–71 “Dongyi” origin of non-Ji states, 317 status and power under “Fengjian” establishment of Zhou states, 307–08 institution, 111–12 landscape, 301–03 see also Fen River, Hebei plain, regional rulers, later political relation with Zhou, 316 Shandong, Yangzi River local bronze culture, 119–21 Renfang , 306 non-Ji states in, 317–18 Renfrew, Colin Zhou expansion into, 306–08 on archaeological materials, 7 Zhou expansion into eastern, 313 on relation between archaeology and history, Shanfu (Provisioner), 206 22 Shang : Renfu , 315 archaeological sites in Shandong, 306 Rizhao , 316 capital of, 2 Road by Yanzhou , 40, 169, 172 as dynasty, 1 Road of Huizhong , 39, 173 geography of, 18–19 Road of Zhi , 83 as state, 2 Road to Lingzhou , 40 Shangcai , 74 Road to Xiao Pass, 37–39, 40, 167, 188, 221 Shangcai County , 74 Roman Empire, 92, 108, 285 Shangkuangcun , 315 Rome: fall of, 109 Shangma , 294 Rong family, 128 Shangqiu , 75 Rong of Dali , 275 Shangshu , see Book of Documents Rong of Jiangshi : relation to Jin, 288–89 Shanhai jing , 227 Rong of Liuji : Zhou campaign against, Shanrong , 142 350–51 Shanwan , 329, 330 Rong of Pengxi , 275, 276 Shanwanzi , 338 Rong people, 239, 240–41 Shanxian , 60 cultural prejudice against, 287–88, 290 Shanyang County , 72 incursion into Zhou territory, 274–75 Shao lineage, 128 Rong Yigong , 132 Shaobo Hu , 63, 82 Rongbo : Shaochen , 46 of late Western Zhou, 131 Shaughnessy, Edward, 7 of mid-Western Zhou, 119 on Bamboo Annals, 14 Rongdi : concept of, 286 on date of Da ding, 133 royal domain (or wangji ), 30, 55–57 on Huiyi invasion, 96–97 Ruan , 51 on nature of bronze inscriptions, 10 Rui , 51 on Zhou conquest of Shang, 27 location of, 51 Shen River, 228 Rui River, 51 Shenji , 225 Ruicheng , 87 Shenhou (ruler of Western Shen), 216, 227, Rujiazhuang , 49 263 Runan , 96 Shenhou , 214 Runan Commandery , 74 Shenrong (Rong of Shen), 226 Rushan , 312 Shenshou zhi shan (Mountain of the fountainhead of Shen River), 227 San , 49 Shi Bo , 199 San Pass , 32 geographical analysis, 235 Sanguankou , 39 predicting Zhou’s fall, 216–17

General index 401

Shi Su : on the fall of the Western Zhou, Southern Shen , 25, 113, 225 194, 195, 200 in bronze inscriptions, 225–26 Shi , 149 location of, 137 Shi (Scribe), 206 relocation in Nanyang, 137 Shi, Nianhai : see also Western Shen on communications in Yangzi region, 319 Su River, 83 on roads through Jing River valley, 39 Suanli , 50 on roads through northern Shaanxi, 40 Subutun , 306 on Xiyu, 172 Sui (or Zeng ), 329 on Zhouyuan, 31 on identiﬁcation of Zeng with Sui, 329 Shi, Quan , 224 Sui County , 325, 329 on communications in Yangzi region, 319 Suide , 54 on Tang, 329 Sui–Zao corridor, 319, 325 on Wu invasion of Chu in 506 bc, 319 Sun, Xingyan , 66 Shi Hefu , see Bo Hefu Sunjiazhuang , 52, 167 Shi Yongfu , 96 Suyi , 86 Shi Yu , 308 Shiben , 246 Taihang Mountains, 58, 82 Shiji (The Grand Scribe’s Records), 15 Taihang–Yellow River belt, 62, 70, 72, 334 as secondary source, 17 Taijiang , 224 Shijing , see Book of Poetry Taikang diji , 259 Shilou , 54 Tainter, Joseph Shim, Jae-hoon, 84 on causes of collapse, 108, 124 on the fall of Western Zhou, 197–98, 215 on decline of Western Zhou, 108 Shishi (Marshal), 206 Taiping huanyu ji , 230 Shouguang , 315 Taishan Mountain, 303 Shouxian , 328 Taiyuan : Shu Yu , 86 as center of Xianyun/Quanrong, 145, 346 Shu Ze , 87 as destination of Zhou campaign, 153 Shuijing zhu , 228, 258 location of, 165–69 Shuilian , 162, 163 Rong of, 139, 146 Si and Beng River fault, 303 Taiyuan Basin, 82 sifang-center cosmological model 236–37, see also Taiyuan Superior-Prefecture , 165 Wang Aihe Tan , 317 Sihong , 322 Tan, Qixiang , 20, 74 Silk Road, 39 on Hebei plain, 334 Sima Qian : Tang , 86, 329 account of Bao Si, 200–01 location of, 86–87, 329 account of early Zhou history, 143 Tang, Lan , 12, 66, 67 on fall of Western Zhou, 195–96 on bronzes related to southern campaign, 328 Sipo , 48 on date of Guoji Zibai pan, 154, 259 Situ (Minister of Multitudes), 206 Taniguchi, Yoshisuke : on fall of Siwa culture, 35, 176 Western Zhou, 197, 215 coexisting with Zhou culture, 176–79 Taoguochuan , 253 date of, 176 Teng , 73, 308 economy of, 176 archaeology of, 305 Six Armies of the West, 94, 103 location, 305 Skosey, Laura, 125 Tenghou (ruler of Teng), 305 solar eclipse of 780 bc, 208 Tengxian , 73, 305 Son of Heaven (or Tianzi ), 2, 94 Tengxian jinshi zhi , 305 Song , 75 textual records: location of, 75 reasons for using in present study, 15–17 see also Daqinggong value for Western Zhou history, 10–15 Songcun , 272 Thatcher, Melvin, 113 Songshan Mountain, 58, 235 Three Overseers (or Sanjian ), 65 Southern Huaiyi , 103, 136; see also institution of, 65 Huaiyi Tianma , 84

402 General index

Tianshui , 33 Weiyingzi : archaeological excavation, communication with Baoji, 37 338 Tianzi , see Son of Heaven Weizi Qi , 76 Tiaorong , 139 Wenxian , 72 Tong, Shuye , 224 Western Guo (or Guoji ), 21–22, 25, Tongzhi , 201, 220 252 Town of Guo , 254 archaeological discovery in Sanmenxia, 255, tudunmu , see mound-tombs 256 tuien (extending imperial favor), 284 date of Guo tombs of, 256, 260 Tunxi , 323 date of move east, 259–61 Turmoil of the Eight Kings, 285 genealogy of, 255, 260–61 Tuyu , 169, 171 residence in Zhouyuan, 254–55 as sub-lineage of Guo, 253, 256, 258 upper Wei River (valley) as supporter of King You–Bao Si party, 260–61 landscape of, 33–35 see also Guo see also Qin Western Rong (or Quanrong ,or Upper Xiajiadian culture, 323, 338 Xianyun ), 142, 150, 193, 216, 219, 270 Waifang , 58 location of, 221–22 Wan County , 137, 222 as Quanrong, 343 Wang, Aihe: on Shang–Zhou cosmology, 236, as Xianyun, 345 300 see also Quanrong, Xianyun Wang, Entian : on Qufu pottery, 315 Western Shen , 216 Wang, Guowei , 169 alliance with Western Rong and Zeng, on identification of gai with quanqiu, 351 216 on identity of Xianyun, 143 attacked under King Xuan, 226 on regional rulers calling themselves king, 187 in bronze inscriptions, 195, 225 on relation between Xianyun and Quanrong, historiographical tradition on, 224–25 344 location of, 227–28 on roads of Xianyun invasion, 159 relation to Qin, 225, 228 Wang Jiang , 117, 304, 305 see also Southern Shen Wangcheng , see Luoyi Western Zhou state, 2, 3, 4, 5, 18, 20, 21, 30 Wangchuan , 48 bureaucratization of Zhou government, 95 Wangfu , 306 definition of, 2 Wangji , 330 economic relations, 122–23, 124 wangji , see royal domain expansion and geographical extent, 3, 236, Wanquan County , 87 300, 341–42 war with Xianyun, 6 as force of cultural assimilation, 292–93 battle of 823 bc, 151–53 geopolitical reconfiguration of, 233–34 battle of 816 bc, 154, 156 impact on China, 285 battle of 815 bc, 154–56 methods of government, 92 battle of 786 bc; official appointment and career, 122 battle of Duoyou ding, 147–49 political control over regional states, 115–16 as chariot warfare, 159 as political lesson for empires, 283–85 geography of, 165–71 power axis of, 30, 60 impact on Zhou society, 190–91 state and royal power compared to Shang, short line of defense, 188–89 55–57 see also Xianyun see also decline of Western Zhou, fall of Wei , 87 Westen Zhou, regional states Wei family, 128 Wey : location of, 67 Wei River (valley or plain), 2, 27 Wey furen (Lady of Wey), 67 destruction of Zhou center on, 239, 240–41 Whittaker, C. R.: on nature of frontier, 175 geopolitical disadvantage, 141 Wu, Hung, 10 landscape of, 30–32 Wu Geng , 65 political landscape at beginning of Eastern Wu Pass , 32 Zhou, 274–75 Wubo , 230 Wei River, 303 Wuding River, 39

General index 403

Wugong , 49 Xinping Commandery , 160 Wuling , 319 Xinping County , 162 Wuqi , 172 Xintai , 76 wuyi , see Five Cities Xinwangcun , 41 Wuzhong , 287 Xinxiang , 72 Xinyang , 226 Xi , 219 Xinzheng , 82, 235 location of, 220 Xiong’er , 58 Xi County , 266 Xiongnu , 39, 142 Xia Dynasty, 1 invasion, 39 Xi’an , 309 Xiuwu , 72 Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project, Xiyu , 155, 172 27 Xizhangcun , 68 Xiang : in Shandong, 317 Xu , 75 Xiang : in Henan, 204 location of, 75 location of, 204 Xu, Shaohua Xiangguo County , 68 on Eastern Shen, 226 Xiangxian , 74 on state of Lu,¨ 229 Xiangyang , 70 Xu, Xitai , 46 Xianyun , 4, 103, 105, 142 Xuchang , 75 cultural background and geographical setting, Xue , 317 144–45 location of, 317 in historiographical context, 142–44 Xuefeng Mountains, 319 incursion into Zhou territory, 188–89 Xujianian , 176 possible relation to archaeological cultures, Xun , 149, 161 187–88, 189 location of, 161 see also Quanrong, Western Rong road to, 164 Xiao Pass , 32, 37, 39 Xunxian , 67 Xiaobotaigou , 306, 338 Xunyi , 39, 160, 161 Xiaogan , 325 Xunyi County , 160 Xiaoling River valley, 338 Xunyu , 143 Xiaoliuzhuang , 308 Xunyu , 200 Xiaoqinling , 58 Xunzi , 71 Xiaoshan , 58 Xurong , 96 xiaozong , see Zongfa Xiaquancun , 44 Yan , 78 Xiayaocun , 81 archaeology of, 335 Xibo Jifu , 153 expansion into southern Liaoning, 338–39 Xichui (Western March), 271 founding of, 336–37 Xicun , 49 interruption of communication, mid-Western Xi’e County , 330 Zhou, 339–40 Xie : as site of rival king, 242 location, 337 Xiexian , 74, 96 Yan (or Gai ): as Shang ally, 307 Xifeng City , 33 Yan County , 72 Xigaoquan , 182 Yanchang , 180 Xihan River, 266 Yandunshan , 322 Xihexiang , 55 Yang , 173 Xincun , 67 Yangjiacun , 48 Xindian cultures, 35 Yangjiatai , 189 Xinfeng County , 220 Yangqu County , 165 Xing : location of, 68–69 Yangwen , 63 Xinghou furen , 68 Yangzhong , 149 Xingping , 223 Yangzi River (valley or region), 2, 3 Xingtai , 68 communication between middle Yangzi and Xingyang , 61, 235 Yangzi delta, 319 Xingyang County , 74 delta, archaeological discoveries and cultural Xinji , 50 setting, 322–23

404 General index

Yangzi River (valley or region) (cont.) Yuanxiang , 73 delta, communication with north, and Yubo , 49 interruption, 324 Yucun tomb, 180 delta, local bronze types, 323 Yufang , see Border Protector geography of Zhou campaign in middle Yuhou (ruler of Yu or Yi), 322 Yangzi, 328–29 Yujia , 311 middle Yangzi in archaeology, 325 Yujiawan , 50 natural condition of, 319 Yulin , 96, 246 Zhou expansion into, 327–29 Yumi County , 172 Yanjin , 72 Yunmeng Marsh (or Great Marsh), 319 Yanmen , 172 Yuquan , 146, 147, 172 Yanshan Mountains, 2 Yushan (or Wushan ) Mountain, 51 Yantai , 316 Yuyang County , 337 Yaojiahe , 183 Yuyang Palace , 247 Ye, Wansong , 78 Yewang County , 62 Zai (Superintendent), 206 Yi (Yu ), 51 Ze , 49, 248 location of, 51, 322 relation with Zhou state, 186–87 Yi Zhoushu , 224 surname of, 186, 248 Yicheng County , 86 zeng : as silk, 202 Yifu (Yi Prisoner), 317 Zeng : in Shandong, 317 Yihu , 328 Zeng (or Zeng ) Ying , 69, 70 royal attack on, 216 location of, 74 as state in the west, 25, 202 Ying River, 61 Zenghou Yi , 329 Ying Bo , 70 Zhai (lineage), 146 Ying Man , 69 Zhaigong , 146 Ying Shi , 69 Zhaizhong , 146 Yingcheng , 70 Zhang, Changshou , 54, 86 Yingchuan Commandery , 70 Zhang, Yachu , 325 Yinghou Cheng , 70 Zhang Han , 161 Yingqiu , 308 Zhangjiapo , 41, 252 Yingxiang , 70 Zhao, Guangxian , 112 Yishan Mountain, 303 Zhao, Songqiao, 56, 58 Yiyang , 60, 322 Zhaoge County , 67 Yiyang Commandery , 74 Zhaojialai , 49 Yiyang Commandery , 329 Zhaoyuan , 309 Yong , 72 Zhenduo , 73 location of, 72 Zheng (as city), 56 Yong County , 259 as base of former Zheng lineage, 247–48 Yong’an County , 87 as base of Jing lineage, 247 Yongningbao , 87 in bronze inscriptions, 247 Yongshou , 39 location of, 246–47 youzhe : status of, 130 as royal site, 247 Yu , 209 Zheng (as state), 25 Yu , 62, 72 date of move east, 248–49, 351–54 location of, 62 Zheng County , 246 Yu :, 49 Zheng Guo Canal , 169 local cultural characters, 183 Zheng Ji , 248 Yu, Fuwei , 78 Zheng Jiang , 186, 248 Yu zhi guan deng , Zheng Qiao : on fall of Western Zhou, 196 172 Zhengbo , 248 Yuan , 72 Zhengjiawa , 50 location of, 72 Zhengjing , 247 Yuan Prefecture , 167 Zhenyuan County , 167 Yuanbo , 50 Zhi , 105 Yuanqu , 83 Zhi County , 83, 204

General index 405

Zhifangtou , 49 Zhu Xi : on location of Gong, 164 Zhiyangzhen , 69 Zhuanyu , 317 Zhong Chengfu , 225 zhuhou , see regional rulers Zhong Shanfu : mission to Qi, zhujian , see overseers of states 138 Zhushu jinian , see Bamboo Annals Zhong Shang , 55 Zhuyuangou , 49, 175, 183 Zhong Yun , 209 Zi Shang , 55 Zhongning , 179 Zi Yafu , 185 Zhongshan Mountain, 169, 173 Zibai , 153 Zhongtiao Mountain, 83, 84 Zigui , 185 Zhongzi Youfu , 330 Ziwu Mountains, 32 Zhou conquest of Shang, 27 Ziya River, 334 campaign, 62 Zizhi tongjian waiji , 220 date of, 27 Zizhou , 55 road of, 62 Zongfa (Lineage Law), 112–13, 115 see also Nivison, Pankenier, Shaughnessy differentiation between primary line (dazong Zhou–Daluo–Qin triangle, 270 ) and minor lines (xiaozong ), 112 Zhou–Shen–Daluo triangle, 270 practice in Guo lineage, 252 Zhou sumptuary system seniority order under, 251 popularization of, 295–96 see also Guo lineage, zongjun, zongzi spread of, 294–95 zongjun : as head of the primary line, 112 see also lieding Zongzhou , see Hao Zhougongmiao , 21, 48 zongzi : as ﬁrst son of the primary line, 112 Zhoujiacun , 311 Zou, Heng , 41, 84 Zhouxianzhen , 55 Zouzi , 209 Zhouyi (Book of Changes), 13 zun , 80 Zhouyuan , see Qiyi Zuo , 72 Zhu (or Zou ), 76, 317 location of, 72 Zhu , 317 Zuoceyin (Chief Document Maker), 203 Zhu, Fenghan Zuocheng County , 72 on aristocratic lineage, 129 Zuozhuan (Zuo Commentary), 14, 17, 71, on royal power, 129 74 Zhu, Youzeng : reconstruction of Ancient on Guo, 257 Bamboo Annals, 347 on political transition to Eastern Zhou, 241