VOL. VIII NO. 8

APRIL 15, 1972 FORUM 25 CENTS Wednesday Group Ads on Crime WAS H IN G TON - The compensation for victims of vio­ House Activity Wednesday Club of Senate Repub­ lence, additional grants to states Mea n w h i I e the Wednesday licans has set a standard for all and localities from the Law En­ Group in the House, shaken by the candidates of both parties who wish forcement Assistance Administra­ appointment of, its indefatigable to use the issue of law and order tion for police, courts, and jail im­ leader, F. Bradford Morse' to the in the 1972 campaign. provement, and the shifting of Secretariat of the United Nations, most responsibility for juvenile de­ Thirteen members, led by Sen­ and by Ogden Reid's less damaging linquency programs from the Jus­ ators William Saxbe and Charles defection to the Democrats, is be­ tice Department to the Department McC. Mathias, Jr., have joined in ing reinvigorated by several new of Health, Education and Welfare. introducing the omnibus Criminal young Congressmen and by Ripon The bill also would create regional Executive Committee Chairwoman, Justice Reform Bill of 1972, com­ law enforcement academies, provide Patricia Goldman, the newly ap­ prising nine titles relating to prison a minimum wage of 75 cents an pointed chief of staff. improvement, victimless crime, po­ hour for prisoners with jobs, and lice training, juvenile delinquency, give ex-convicts the right to vote in Morse is the last of the original criminal rehabilitation and a gamut federal elections. seven founders to 'leave the group. of other law enforcement problems. Co-sponsors are Senators Beall, Others included Mayor John Lind­ Among the 68 pages of recom­ Boggs, Brooke, Case, Cooper, Hat­ say, Senators Mathias and Robert mendations, which entail a total of field, Javits, Percy, Stevens, Taft Stafford, and former NATO Am­ $1. 5 billion in new funding, are and Weicker. bassador Robert Ellsworth. Wisconsin: The Role of Crossovers The usual effort to discredit strong performances clearly would have finished behind Jackson and per­ in the Wisconsin primary by attributing them to haps Lindsay as well. Humphrey'S only improvement crossovers from the other party is no more valid in came among Milwaukee blacks, in a low turnout. 1972 than in previous years. Close analysis of the re­ Humphrey received 233,914 votes in 1972, more sults suggests that George McGovern and George than 130,000 less than he received in 1960 while the Wallace both would have done nearly as well without total vote increased by over 250,000. This might be Republican votes, and that the performances of Hub­ explained away by the number of candidates (2 vs. ert Humphrey and Edmund Muskie were in fact even 12) were it not for the fact that his relative perfor­ less promising than they appeared. mance also generally declined. In the entire Eastern Although Wallace received approximately 18,000 .labor oriented part of the state where Kennedy had votes fewer in 1972 than in 1964, his performance in beaten him in 1960 he made no inroads at all in 1972. Wisconsin this year was impressive- certainly more And in the Southern regions of the state where he impressive than his Florida showing and probably in had done so well in 1960, McGovern swamped him. part because of 'inflated press interpretations of that The McGovern vote was most impressive not so predictable and comparatively modest harvest of much for its size as for its composition. There is a conservative Democratic votes in his own territory. very strong statewide correlation between McCarthy'S In spite of the large number of candidates, Wallace 1968 and McGovern's 1972 vote-both strong in the broadened his appeal in 1972 in Wisconsin, reaching Madison and Green Bay areas, both weak in the areas that had not backed him in the past. North. But McGovern's ability to do almost as well Wallace's total was not significantly the result of in Milwaukee county as he did statewide is a departure Republican crossovers. First, there is strong evidence from this pattern. In a very tentative way, it suggests that much of his vote in the Milwaukee area in 1964 he might be able to attract the labor vote to a much came from crossovers in the Northern Republican greater extent than his anti-war predecessor. But like suburbs - not, as is commonly believed, in the Polish McCarthy he still has a long way to go with blacks. wards. This year, however, his performance in these Trend Against GOP same GOP areas was much worse than his 1964 per­ There is no convincing evidence that McGovern formance and somewhat below his statewide average. benefitted from a substantial GOP crossover vote. For His vote in Milwaukee County dropped by over instance, in Dane county, where McGovern received 35,000 votes, in Waukesha county by over 2,000, and his highest percentage, the drop in GOP votes from his total increased only marginally in the Northern 1968 to 1972 was marginal, much less than the state­ suburban counties where the population has exploded wide average. However, there are indications that since 1964. Hence, previous Republican crossovers somewhat more Republicans than usual did choose deserted Wallace in the Milwaukee area in 1972. a Democratic ballot. President Nixon's total this,year The area of Wallace's greatest improvement came was the lowest in his history: 1960 - 339,989; 1968 in the heavily Democratic rural Wisconsin counties of - 390,368; 1972 - 275,851. These results are com­ the North. Many of Wallace's most "Republican" mensurate, since each of these years saw a hotly con­ voters, moreover, are really American Independence tested Democratic race and an unopposed Nixon can­ Party voters presidentially; and Wisconsin is one of didacy. (Reagan was on the ballot in 1968 but did the few Northern states where he probably hurt not campaign). This dramatic drop since 1968 is Nixon more than Humphrey in 1968. If you assume therefore not encouraging for Republican prospects that one half of his total is AlP voters from 1968 in November. In fact, if crossovers are defined as vot­ (127,865 out of 248,195), it is still less meaningful ers who revert to their original party in the general to blame Republicans for Wallace's performance. election, it might be more accurate to describe many of The Muskie and Humphrey performances were these Wisconsin voters as switchers, part of the na­ even worse than they appeared. Had it not been for tional trend away from the GOP. Muskie's residual appeal among Polish-Americans, he - CLIFFORD BROWN The War Powers Dilemma Democratic Senator Mike Gravel's attempt to have the Senate vote on a declaration of war against North Vietnam shows once again the confusion of many Senate liberals on the issue of Congressional war powers. By implying that declaration is the chief Congressional war power, Gravel's position in fact One Year Ago - And Now ... accords with the position long prevailing in the exec­ utive branch: that short of the cumbersome measures Since his Vietnam policy speech of November of declaring war or cutting off funds, Congress is 3, 1969, Mr. Nixon has advertised to the world that a humiliation in Indochina will undermine constitutionally impotent to regulate the deployment of American forces overseas. America's resolve to maintain its global commit­ ments. He has specifically mentioned Berlin and In effect, this approach gives the executive carte the Middle East as areas whose safety will be in blanche in relation to all conflict situations that do doubt. He has taken every opportunity to reaffirm not justify such drastic Congressional intervention. The this view, the latest being his portrayal of a bad fact is, however, that Congress possesses a panoply outcome in Vietnam as leading to a wave of neo­ of intermediate war powers that can be exerted by isolationism in America. statute. As Senator Charles Mathias, author of com­ The President has thus defined the stakes in prehensive legislative proposals in this field, has ob­ Southeast Asia as exceedingly high at the very time served ("The Optional Congress{" Ripon FORUM, that he has extended the area for possible embar­ Nov. 1971), "Far from allowing troop deployment rassment into Laos and Cambodia and has simul­ Ol'ef.rea.r without Congressional authorization, the Con­ taneously reduced his ability to affect the outcome. stitution doesn't even permit deployment on the seas To be sure, he has increased the ability of the South - even for police actions against 'piracies and other Vietnamese to defend themselves, but no admin­ offenses against the law of nations.' " 4, istration official has ever argued that the Saigon In fact the Constitution in Article II, Section 8 government could hold the northernmost I Corps re­ and elsewhere attempts to catalogue all the likely for­ gion without the threat of massive American bomb­ eign conflict situations of the day (mostly involving ing of the North. An attempt to substitute South the Navy, as the one standing military force) and Vietnamese for American air squadrons should not reserves to Congress the relevant authority in each be given hopes of immediate success. instance. It is only the long Congressional acquiescence Thus the logic of Mr. Nixon's position is that in executive usurpation that has led Senators to imagine as he withdraws troops, he has only bombing left they have no real war powers except declaration and to protect I Corps. If the North Vietnamese call the annual process of appropriations. Even the Javits­ the President's bluff in these five northern provinces Stennis War Powers bill, though commendably draft­ of South Vietnam, Mr. Nixon must reescalate the ed, is technically unnecessary and may be counterpro­ war or suffer 'the blow to American prestige that ductive if the executive assumes that unless it passes, he himself defined. -- From analysis by then Ripon Congressional war powers under the Constitution can President Josiah Lee Auspirz, March 1971. still be flouted by the Administration.

A final though unlikely problem for the Senator may be McCalI running as an independent if Hatfield seems weak. P'eopie in Polities * * * • Meanwhile in Iowa, Senator Jack Miller, once beleaguered by a farmers revolt and the likely can­ Senate 1972 Update didacy of popular young Democratic Representative • Kansan Senator James B. Pearson, a mild man­ John Culver, has also made sufficient gains to deter nered modt'rate appointed to office from obscurity in his most formidable opponent from the race. Culver 1962, almost beaten in a 1966 primary, and over­ is seeking reelection to Congress and has endorsed the ~hadowed by his volatile colleague Senator. Robert candidacy of his former Administrative Assistant Rich­ Dole in the Senate, seemed headed for defeat in 1972. ard Clark, who hopes to capitalize on a resemblance His likely nemesis was the popular conservative Dem­ to Senator Harold Hughes. Like many GOP incumbents ocratic Governor Robert Docking. Diligent home state across the country, Miller's chief obstacle to safe re­ campaigning and Senatorial service, however, have election now seems to be the still maladroit politics of made Pearson not only a probable victor in the elec­ the Nixon Administration. tion but also, improbably, the most popular Repub­ lican in the state. After reading the polls, Docking decided to seek re-election as Governor, leaving tht' THE RIPON SOCIETY INC is a. RepubUcCJ!l r,,!search and , • pollcy orgaruzatlon whose D('mocrats in disarray. members are young business, academic and professional men and women. It has national headquarters in Cambridge, Massachusetts, * * * chaplers in thirteen cities, National Associate members throughout the fifty states, and several affiliated groups of subchapter status. • Senator Mark Hatfield of Oregon, long the Sen- The Society is supported by chapter dues, individual contribu­ att"~ leading opponent of the Vietnam War, has also tions ana revenues from its publications and contract work. bet'n the leading Senate Repuplican candidate for de­ THE RIPON FORUM is. publis~ed semi-monthly by the Ripon Society, Inc., 14a Eliot Street. ft'at in 1972. The Senator's chief prospective opponents, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138. Second class postage rates paid however, Governor Tom McCall in the GOP primary at Boston, Massachusetts. Contents are copyrighted (c) 1972 by the Ripon Society, Inc. Correspondence addressed to the Editor is and Rep. Edith Green in the general election, have welcomed. both decided to withdraw from contention despite sub­ In publishing this magazine the Ripon Society seeks to provide a forum for fresh ideas, well-researched proposals and for a spirit stantial but diminishing leads over the Senator in of criticism, innovation, and independent thinking within the Re­ the polls. This favorablt' turn is attributed to Hat­ publican Party. Articles do not necessarily represent the opinion of the National Governing Board or the Editorial Board of the fit'ld's increased homestate activity, McCalI'! problems Ripon Society, unless they are explicitly so labelled. as Governor and disinclination for a factious primary, SUBSCRIPTION RATES are $10 a year, SS for students, service­ air !:lail, $10 extra. Advertising rates on request. Please allow and Rep. Green's personal unwillingness to face the live weeks for address changes. stre~ses of a statewide campaign. Remaining in the Editor: George Gilder Democratic race are cantankerous dove Wayne Morse Conbibutlnq Editors: Clifford Brown, Glenn Gerstell, Howard Reiter. in a last hurrah. and hawkish former Rep. Robert D.C. Correspondent: Linda Hannaway. CirculCltlon Dept.1 rudith H. Behn. Duncan, a perpetual Senate candidate, who already Art: Leslie Morrill, David Omar White. has b('('n b('at('n in th(' past by both Hatfield and Morse. • Although President Nixon's recent blunder-bus­ the Administration. Rizzo is learning that, unlike a ing maneuvres embarrassed and demoralized many Re­ "supercop," a Mayor can't make ends meet by knock­ • publicans in the Congress and across the country - ing heads together. und although his Gallup public approval dipped from 56 to 53 percent - White House political strategists * * * can console themselves with new support from the • Carolyn Johnson, a longtime aide to Senator Democrats. Philadelphia's Mayor Frank Rizzo has an­ Charles Mathias and one of the ablest and most ver­ nounced that he plans neither to attend the Democratic satile Republican staffers on the Hill, has been ap­ convention nor to back the Democratic Presidential pointed to the editorial page staff of the Washington nominee, and he called the President "one of the Post. Though most recently assigned as Minority Staff greatest we've ever had." Having made campaign Director on the Senate D.C. Committee, she has writ­ promises to bring law and order to Philadelphia with­ ten lucidly and eloquently about a gamut of public is­ out new taxes, Rizzo may have been influenced by sues, from law and order and conservation to foreign a discovery that his city's deficit will also be "the policy, and should not be restricted to District affairs greatest we've ever had" unless he is bailed out by in her new role.

to select district delegates to the state convention. June 6 - 8, 1972 - State convention to select Del­ PolitioalCalendar egates to NC. • TEXAS April 6, 1972 - Party rules must be filed with the Secretary of State. Delegate Selection Dates April 26, 1972 - Time and place for holding pre­ This Delegate Selection Calendar contains the cinct caucuses must be posted at county court­ key dates for the selection process. Some of these houses. dates may change, due to legislatiz'e action or failure May 6, 1972 - Precinct caucuses to choose dele­ gates to the county and Senatorial District con­ of states to redistrict prior to established filing dates . ventions (between 2 - 9 p.m.). NC is an abbrel'iation for Republican National Con­ May 13, 1972 - County and Senatorial District l'ention. Delegate (capital D) refers to Delegates conventions to select delegates to the State con­ to the NC, ll'hile delegate (lower case d) refers to vention. • June 13, 1972 - State convention to select Dele­ delegates to local or state conventions. gates to the NC. • ARKANSAS • UTAH June 15, 1972 - Last day to file written notifica- May 10, 1972 - Notices of voting district mass tion of intent to be a Delegate to NC, with the meetings must be posted in each district. Secretary of the Republican State Committee. May 15, 1972 - Voting district mass meetings se­ July 1 - 5, 1972 - District committees select Con­ lect delegates to county and state conventions. gressional District Delegates to NC. June 30, 1972 - Last day to hold county conven­ July 15, 1972 - State convention to select at­ tion to confirm delegates to the state conven­ large Delegates to NC. tions. • DELAWARE July 15, 1972 - State convention to select at-large May 2, 1972 - Deadline for filing declaration of Delegates to NC. candidacy for delegate primary. • VIRGINIA June 3, 1972 - Delegate primary election to elect March 31 - May 27, 1972 - City and county delegates to state convention. meetings to select delegates to District and State July 17, 1972 - State convention to select Del­ conventions. egates to NC. May 20, 1972 - First, third, fourth, sixth, seventh • HAWAII and eighth Congressional Districts select Con­ January '19, 1972 - Precinct meetings to select gressional District Delegates to NC. delegates to the state convention. May 27, 1972 - Second and fifth Congressional May 19 - 20, 1972 - State convention to select District select Congressional District Delegates at-large and Congressional District Delegates to to NC. (Ninth and tenth District dates not yet NC. decided.) • IDAHO June 2 .:: 3, 1972 - State convention to select at­ May 19, 1972 - County meetings to select county large Delegates to NC. delegates to the state convention. May 20, 1972 - Legislative district meeting to the state convention. Between June 15 - 30, 1972 - The state conven­ General Events tion must be held to select Delegates to NC. • MICHIGAN • APRIL March 24, 1972 - Deadline for filing nominating 30 - May 2 White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia petition for candidate for delegate to the coun­ (The Greenbrier): Republican Gover­ ty convention. nors Association Spring Conference. May 16, 1972 - Delegates to the county con­ • MAY vention elected at the presidential primary. 2 Presid~ntial, Congressional and State Pri- May 31, 1972 - County conventions to select del­ maries m D.C., Indiana and Ohio. egates to the state convention. 4 Presidential Primary in Tennessee. June 16, 1972 - Congressional District caucuses 5-7 Chicago, Illinois (The Marriott Motor Ho­ to select Congressional District Delegates to NC. tel): National Republican Heritage Groups • NORTH CAROLINA Council Convention. May 7 - 13, 1972 - Precinct meetings to select 6 Presidential, Congressional and State Primary delegates to county conventions. in North Carolina. May 13 - 27, 1972 - County conventions to se­ 9 Presidential, Congressional and State Pri­ lect delegates to district and state conventions. maries in Nebraska and West Virginia. The same people are elected to both. 11-12 Atlanta, Georgia (Marriott): National Con­ May 27 - June 10, 1972 - District conventions to ference of State Legislative Leaders Advisory e select Congressional District Delegates to NC. Council. June 17, 1972 - State convention to select at­ 16 Congressional, State and Presidential Pri­ large Delegates to NC. maries in Michigan and Maryland. • NORTH DAKOTA 18-20 Philadelphia, Pa. (Belevue Stratf'brd Hotel): April 18, 1972 - Recommended date for precinct Republican Women's Northeastern Regional caucuses to select delegates to the district con­ Conference. ventions. 18-20 Santa Fe, N.M.: Western Regional Confer­ May 12. 1972 - Last day for district conventions ence of Attorneys General Annual Meeting. Curtis, Topping Also Aaive Women's Caucus Elects Kilberg WASH INGTON -Bobbi the equal rights amendment, which has found that 27 percent of the Green Kilberg, a Ripon member, is being coordinated by Pam Curtis, Republican delegates already chosen was elected co-chairwoman of the a Ripon National Governing Board for the 1972 convention are women, National Women's Political Caucus member; campaign assistance to be only two percent less than the Dem­ at the tri-monthly meeting of its provided by the Caucus to the na­ ocratic proportion, despite the fact Policy Council here on April 8 and tion's growing number of women that the Democrats have binding 9. Kilberg and the other co-chair­ candidates; and the state of the equal representation rules (the Mc­ woman, Lupe Anguiano, a leader women's delegate selection effort for Govern-FJ:'aser guidelines), while in the Chicano women's movement, equal representation in the Repub­ the GOP has only a recommenda­ replace Virginia Allan, a Deputy lican and Democratic conventions. tion for such rules from the Dele­ Assistant Secretary of State, and gates and Organization Committee. The drive for the selection of Bella Abzug, co-chairwomen the The DO report will be voted on women delegates is being spear­ last three months. at the San Diego Convention. headed by Women's Education for GOP members of the NWPC Among the other Republicans Delegate Selection, an organization plan to testify at the convention prominent at the meeting, Jill Ruck­ closely associated with the National platform hearings on issues affect­ elshaus was unanimously elected to Women's Political Caucus. Both ing women and to give their strong the Caucus Policy Committee. Bobbi Kilberg and Pam Curtis are support to the DO Commission rec­ on the board of this group, and Major items discussed by the ommendations for equal representa­ Chris Topping has been retained Council included: the progress of tion of women and men as dele­ as its advisor and consultant. the 46 state caucuses formed since gates, and on all convention com­ July; the drive for ratification of Ms. Topping, a Ripon member, mittees. • People's Party DC Slate May Be Challenged WASHINGTON - Carl Ship­ Norm~n Neverson, an attractive Makes Gains ley's effort to retain his position former football great at George as D.C:s National Committeeman WAS H IN G TON - While Washington University, who switch­ speculation about a possible third after losing the Republican Central ed parties after running for the party candidate in November re­ Committee's endorsement February school board last fall. Neverson volves around George Wallace, 29, has been unexpectedly over­ drew an assignment while on the shadowed by controversy surround­ members of the new People's Par­ staff of Shipley's opponent for ing the Nixon delegation to San ty are on the way to placing a can­ National Committeeman, Robert Diego. didate on the ballot in most of Carter, to collect signatures for the Nixon slate. the fifty states. Groups supporting As originally announced by Hen­ Apparently the task proved dif­ People's provisional candidates, ry Berliner, Jr., its temporary chair­ ficult for Neverson, because many baby doctor Benjamin Spock, and man, the Nixon slate contains a of the names he collected turned Washington's statehood chairman rough racial and sexual balance. out to be forgeries and the Nixon Julius Hobson, are already on the District Republicans were surprised slate lacked the requisite 1,000 val­ ballot in Kentucky, California and angered, however, to find id signatures. Neverson quickly dis­ (Peace and Freedom Party), Mich­ that Nixon operatives selected two appeared while Berliner engineered igan (Human Rights Party), New black delegates, Norman Jarvis 'and a plan with the acquiescence of Mexico (New Mexico Independent Elaine Jenkins, whose candidacy for both Shipley and District Chairman Party), Montana (New Liberty Par­ alternate National Committeeman Edmond Pendelton, Jr. to adopt a ty), Utah (Human Rights Party), and woman had been vigorously party by-law allowing the Central and Vermont (Liberty Union Par- contested by the city's ward organ­ 41 Committee to appoint a full slate ty). ization. The Nixon decision had its of nine delegates and nine alterna­ The People's Coalition failed to effect when Mrs. Jenkins lost the tives after the May 2 primary. The meet the deadline for signatures in contested post to Mrs. Cecil Grant. rule passed at a closed Central Com· Nebraska, Pennsylvania and Mary­ Ripon chapter vice president Wil­ mittee meeting April 7th which land, but they expect to run local lie Leftwich was bumped from the reportedly fell considerably short candidates in all three states. They slate at the last minute, according of a quorum. A challenge to the have already won coalition victories to Berliner, to make room for An­ delegation is likely. for city council seats in Ann Arbor, na Chennault, who reportedly in­ The losers in the controversy ap­ and Cotati, California. tervened to hold up the Paris peace pear to be Berliner and Carter who The People's Coalition rests its talks in the fall of 1968 to help had lined up against Pendelton and hopes on extensive student sup­ Nixon's election. Shipley, but who had to seek their port for their platform, which in­ The real surprise for District Re­ rivals' support in order to gain ac­ cludes the legalization of marijuana, publicans proved to be 27 year old ceptance for the rules change. and disaffection particularly among Democrats with a Nixon/Hum­ RIPON phrey race. They plan a national convention in St. Louis July 20-23. Among candidates now running FORUM Published semi-monthly by the Ripon for the Democratic nomination, on­ Society, 14a Eliot Street, Cambridge, ly Eugene McCarthy has shown in­ Ma. 02138. Second class postage paid at Boston, MassaC'husetts. terest in joining the new party.