Date Printed: 06/16/2009
JTS Box Number: IFES 79
Tab Number: 87
Document Title: Vote Smart Studies
Document Date: nd
Document Country: United States -- General
Document Language: English
1FES 1D: CE02005
1111111 A 2 A C ,
II' . ~ 0 0' . I» • . . . .. , ...... v oJ. ~ , • - _" - ~ ~ • ~ ~~~. ' Voter's Self-Defense Manual . and MORE! 2
CNIP PROJECT VOTE SMART
r:::~ - , HONORARY Dear Educator, CO-FOUNDERS JIMMY On common ground, a unique and unlikely gathering is taking place_ CARTER Thousands of citizens and statesmen, conservatives and liberals, traditional GERALD enemies with vastly different backgrounds and points of view, are joining for battle. II successful, Americans will experience a re-emergence of political FORD power unknown to them for many decades_ FOUNDERS Barrv Goldwat.:r This battle is for that most essential and precious element in our struggle to ron",.,r (..:5. ~N>J~ G.:org.:. McGovern self-govem: information. At this effort's core are those citizens most FQ'MN V.s.. s,.lIa/or disenfranchised and least likely to participate in future elections, YOUR WilIillm Proxmj~ Fonllu c. S. ~NUO' STUDENTS. Jim L..:ach IJ. s. CDII.rrtn"'m Peggy Lampl After five years of planning and testing, Project Vote Smart is introducing to F_~r E:.r..-('fIJj.-, dj'~o;r(M', Uap' 4 WClI,"" l'ot..-rs the nation a Voter's Self-Defense System_ The system includes a Voter Irene Natividad F_, p,tI. ,.. 'atiClW Information Hotline and Voter's Self-Defense Manuals that provide citizens W(JI'Ib!'It'I !'pJiJicnl C"ucw with direct and independent access to the candidates' voting records, Wamm Rustand ..4""""""""1$ !>terTiary 10 biographies, campaign finances, position statements and pelformance Pr«ithnt Cfl",u Ftwd Esteban Tol'1't;s evaluations done by over sixty competing special interest organizations_ ,.~s. C""pn_ John Echohawk :<011"" AIow"riCfft Iflpr.r r... We have discovered that this system has the ability to make politics and Claudin.: Schneid':f" government come to life in the classroom_ F_.. U.s. a..~I7"""_ Kenneth Adelman Of,..-rfor, u.s. AnII1 CQllrroI .tD~Ar""'Y. Students are able to choose for themselves the issues of concern to them RtapM.u. Nancy Johnson and then quickly review the pelformance and stated poSitions of their elected U.s. C"""n.t.. _ leaders on those issues_ During elections, Project Vote Smart will provide the Harry Paehan Sill" ArlOI:'. VOTE SMART STUDIES Voter's Self-Defense Manual and MOREl 'Whenever the people are well-informed, they can be trusted with their own government.• Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) 3rd President of the U.S. Contents • Introductory Quiz & Game 4 • Project Vote Smart Tools 5 • Voter's Self-Defense Manual 6-20 • National Political Awareness Test 21-25 • U.S. Political Parties 26 • Leaming Activities 27 • Scoring a Political Debate 28 • Issues Assessment Chart 28 • Discussion Questions for Videotape 29 • Glossary 30-31 • Additional Sources 31 To order additional free copies of this study guide, please contact: 129 NW 4th Street #204 Corvallis, Oregon 97330 (503) 754-2746 Vote Smart Studies may be freely copied. 4 TO BEGIN VOTE SMART STUDIES: Please Quiz Yourself My name is .1 am __ years old. I get my information QUIET PLEASE! about political candidates and public issues from: (Please circle all that apply.) DEMOCRACY IS ~&.JU Newspaper stories and editorials, news magazines, network TV news and interviews, teachers and classroom research assignments, cable TV news, MTV's Day in Rock, Comedy Central, youth magazines, talking to friends and family, meeting the candidates, working on campaigns, listening and watching political debates, campaign ads, campaign litera ture, contacts from special interest groups (letters, ads), using the Project Vote Smart Voter Information Hotline. If you are like most citizens, you learn about the candidates for national office Studentsl Prepare for discussion of Vote (President and U.S. Congress) from TV Smart Studies by familiarizing yourselves coverage and candidate-financed ads that with the relevant vocabulary (see primarily convey images and impressions, Glossary). with very little real information about candidates, their stands on issues, or their Vocabulary Game personal history. ASSign 5 words to a "study" group/team of Our increasing dependence on the mass as many &tudents. Distribute index cards media and other changes in American with a word on the front side and its society have changed the way we get our definition on the back. Begin by reading political information. the word and its definition. The tearn/study group discusses what the word means and VOTE SMART STUDIES is designed to gives examples. Feel free to act out help you look beyond the "image" cam examples or to create cartoons or visual paign to help you discover ways in which images based on the definition. Quiz each you, a citizen in a democratic society, can other in different ways: holding the word learn what you want and need to know up, reading the definition and guessing about political candidates and the problems what word it is, etc. Each group should facing our nation. teach its words to the rest of the class. 5 PROJECT VOTE SMART TOOLS Voter's Self-Defense Manual. A brief discussion of the modem tactics used by candidates to win votes and thus acquire political power. A review of the bio graphies, campaign finances, and perfor mance evaluations on every sitting mem ber of the United States Senate and an abridged version of the Manual is part of VOTE SMART STUDIES. (Other cate gOries and information on House members are available through our 1-800 number, but please, only the instructor or one class- deSignated caller per assignment). Voter Information Hotline. A 1-800-786- Exercise Your Right. A ten minute video 6885 toll free number that furnishes you or tape which promotes the power of Voting a class-designated caller with direct Smart, featuring Edward James Olmos, access to a researcher who can Instantly review a candidate's: star of the film Stand and Deliver. This videotape is available in most states through the state department of education. ·Biography ·Voting recor~ in 21 key issue areas For additional information, contact Project Vote Smart, 129 NW 4th Street, #204, ·Campaign funding ·Position statements on issues Corvallis, Oregon 97330 (503) 754-2746. ·Performance evaluations done by 60 The Campaign Game. An enjoyable competing special interests. classroom exercise in which the players run for President against the real candi dates. Students go through the election process with challenging thinking activities to learn strategies of today's political candidates and the dilemmas they face. The Campaign Game will be published in newspapers across the country and should be available in your area. Complete games are also available free from Project Vote Smart. 6 VOTERIS SELF DEFENSE MANUAL Abridged version WHY DO VOTERS NEED A well as seek options for dealing with them, are no longer stable. As our society has SELF-DEFENSE MANUAL? become highly mobile and dependent on WHAT ARE THE THREATS? television for Information, our Institutions have begun to fail their historic education Over the last twenty years, the political al purpose to provide a forum for public landscape has changed dramatically. A discussion or community action. " high-tech climate (including scientific poll Ing and tailoring of "images", TV sound bites, and television advertising) has CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL REALITY encouraged negative, issueless cam paigns which have left voters with little These new politiCS require that a can guidance in making the informed choices didate for federal office raise millions of so necessary to successful l?elf-govern dollars to finance a successful campaign. ment. During the pOlitical campaign sea As much as 70% of the candidate's time son, Americans find themselves assaulted will be spent on the phone, in private from all sides by hype, baiting, mudslinging meetings, and at events with wealthy Inter and rumor-mongering, all in the name of ests, trying to raise the money needed to "the democratic process." win. Today, unlike the first two hundred '" years of American history, little of this Two major changes have allowed this to money comes from small contributors like occur: you. 1) These high-tech campaigns have The money is used in 3 ways: allowed many candidates to measure what their different constituencies want to buy in 1) Pollsters are hired to measure what the pOlitical marketplace. Today's candi the voters want to purchase in the political dates, backed by sophisticated surveys marketplace. and polls, can know the price paid or rewards gained for everything they say 2) Consultants are hired to take that infor before they say it. As a result, they have mation and tailor the candidate's image to learned to move Americans emotionally fit the results of the polls (or to tailor the rather than intellectually. opponenfs image not to fit, through muds linging commercials, etc.). 2) Traditional institutions (closely-knit local schools, churches, communities and local 3) The media is saturated with these newspapers) where Americans were once images, usually in emotional, non-Informa able to air their concems and problems, as tional TV commercials. 7 THE WINNER? groups for our current situation. However, the question we should be asking is, The candidate who most accurately'meas "What can we do to get out of this mess?" u'res what voters want to buy, then tailors not "Who's to blame for getting us into it?" his or her image and saturates the media with the image that fits what he or she DEFEND YOURSELF AND YOUR knows voters want in a candidate. DEMOCRACY AGAINST THE MANIPULATIVE CAMPAIGN THE LOSER? PROCESSES. The voter, who is left without a reliable 1) Remember who is in charge. In our source of information with which to make democracy, you are the boss and elected an informed choice, officials are the temporary hired help. I • THE DEFEATED? 2) View their campaigns as job appli cations. Democracy. 3) Ask yourself if the candidates are giving you" the employer, the information you THE FUTURE? need, , in order to hire wisely. . ' As ,long as Campaigns use these tactics successfully and voters are dependent on campaigns for information about the candi dates, th'is negative cycle is, likely to continue. WHO'S TO BLAME? The media is unlikely to take candidates seriously if they don't have a lot of money to finance their campaigns. Major con tributors don't like to give money unless they know it will be spent in ways proven successful, such as manipulative television ads. Not surprisingly, candidates tend to do what is necessary to win, and many citi zens ,lack sufficient time to thoroughly research the facts. It is easy to point our fingers and find legiti mate reasons to blame any of these 8 The best defense Is.a good offen:se: Take positive steps to acquire the knlowledge TRACK YOUR CANDIDATES and skills which will enable you to make Infonned choices In the voUng booth. 1) Do they focus on only one or two very 1) Compare incumbents' campaign ads general and popular issues with which they and rhetoric with their actual voting records feel comfortable? Or are they willing to on the issues that are important to you. take a stand on unpopular issues as well, Leam their answers (and those of their such as raising taxes, cutting social pro challengers) to questions on issues they grams, etc.? will likely have to deal with if hired for the job. 2) Take opportunities to observe them in person. Are their public appearances . 2) Find out about the challengers' biogra (speeches, neighborhood walks) primarily phies and responses to Project Vote issueless photo opportunities? Smart's National Political Awareness Test, as well as (for those challengers who have 3) Know the difference between campaign previously run for office) campaign 1finance literature (flyers, placards, etc.) and posi information, and voting records. This infor tion papers. Candidates should prepare mation Is constantly being updated in your short, clearly-understandable written state area. Call The Project Vote Smart Informa ments on their positions on controversial tion Hotline for current information. issues important to you. They are more informative than campaign advertisements 3) Take a look at which interests are pay and should be available upon request from ing for your candidate's campaign. Is their the candidate's campaign office. Read financial support coming primarily from them critically. small contributors, large donors, or out-of state interests and Political Action Com 4) With ads (radioITV/newspaper), ask mittees (PACs)? Again, samples of this yourself: who are they targeting--women, information can be found beginning on single-issue voters, businesspeople? page 10.. What is the ratio of meat (issues) to mush (image)--does it contain information about 4) Use special Interest group ratings avail issue pOSitions and qualifications? Is the able on Incumbents' voting records in candidate trashing the opponent (mud Congress. Many groups, ranging from lib slinging, name-calling, rumor-mongering or eral .to conservative, rate members of baiting)? Is the candidate using words Congress according to their own biases which appeal to emotions such as sym and speCial Interests. Know what these pathy, anger, fear or prejudice? biases are and be aware that their informa Remember, a candidate is often the worst tion Is often slanted to support one political source of information about his or her party over another. Use ratings from opponent. If a candidate is spending time several groups to get a well-rounded per telling you why you shouldn't hire the spective of the incumbenfs record. Refer to opponent rather than telling you why you sample ratings on all U.S. Senators. should hire him or her... WATCH OUTI , 9 KEEP YOUR EYES ON THE MEDIA: 1) How Is the media covering the cam· palgn? Are opposing candidates treated in a similar manner? 2) Who Is Interviewing the candidate • an ally, an adversary, or a nonpartisan inter· viewer? 3) Is the media participating in the crea· tion of soundbites and photo oppor· tunities? 4)· Are media stories giving you the infor· mation you need on Issues facing your community and your country? Or are they focusing on who Is winning and losing before you have had a chance to decide? 5) Remember: you, the public, own the airwaves. If stations are not helping you in your effort to get the information you need to make Informed decisions, complain to u.s. SENATE HARD CARD both the station and the Federal Com· munications Commission, 1919 M Street The followlnlg charts list all current memo NW, Washington, D.C. 20554, (202) 632- bers of the United States Senate and 7000. Include infolrmation on biographies, cam· paign finandes, and performance ratings, according ttl a range of special Interest groups. Adclitional Information may be obtained aboUt them, their opponents duro ing the elec:tion, and members of the House of Relpresentatives by calling our toll·free 1-800' number. 1-800-786-6885. PLEASEI Des:lgnate a single caller for the whole class to !~et the Information . .,, , IIBI~GRAPHICAL INFORMATION II AL Howell Heflin. Bom: Poulan, GA, 06119121. Education: U. 01 Alabama, J.D. 1948. Mllnary: Marine Corps 42-46. Family: WHe, Elizabeth Ann Carmichael; one child. Occupallon: Lawyer, Education. Arst elected: 11/07178, received 61% 01 the vote last election. District office: 437 Federal Courthouse Bldg., Mobile, AI 36602, (205) 432-n12. AL Richard Shelby. Bom: Birmingham, AL, 05106134. Education: U. 01 Alabama, LL.B. 1963. Milhary: NlA. Family: WHe, Annelle Nevin; two children. Occup~tion: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04186, received 50% 01 the vote last election. District office: P.o. Box 2570, Tuscaloosa, AI 35403, (205) 759-5047. AI< Frank Mur1cowskl. Bom: Seallle, WA, 03128133. Education: Seallie U., B.A. 1955. Mllhary: Coast Guard 55-56. Family: WHe, Nancy Gore; six children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/04180, received 54% 01 the vote last election. District offICe: 222 W. 7th Ave. #1, Anchorage Ak 99513, (907) 271-3735. AK Ted Stevens. Born: IndianapOlis, IN, 11/18123. Education: Harvard U., LL.B. 1950. Milhary: Army Air Corps 43-46. Family: WHe, Catherine Chandler; six children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/03170, received 66% 01 the vole last election. District office: 222 W. 7th Ave. #2, Anchorage Ak 99513, (907) 271-5915. AZ. Dennis Deconclnl. Born: Tucson, AZ., 05/08137. Education: U. 01 Arizona, LL.B. 1963. Milnary: Army 59-60 Army Reserve 60-67. Family: WHe, Susan Hurley; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/02176, received 57% 01 the vote last election. District office: 323 W. Roosevelt Sune C1 00, Phoenix, Az 85003, (602) 379-6756. - AZ. John Mccain. Born: Panama Canal Zo, PA, 08129/36. Education: National War College, 1973-74. Milnary: Navy 58-81. Family: WHe, Cindy Lou Hensley; six children. Occupation; Milnary, Business. First elected: 11/04186, received 61% 01 the vote last election. District office: 151 N.Centennial Way Sune 1000, Mesa, Az 85201, (602) 835-8994. AR Dale Bumpers. Born: Charleston, AR, 08112125. Education: Northwestem U., J.D. 1951. Milhary: Marine Corps 43-46. Family: Wde, Belly Flanagan: three children. Occupation: Lawyer, Agricullure. Rrst elected: 11/05174, received 62% 01 the vote last election. District office: 2527 Federal Bldg., lillie Rock, Ar 72201, (501) 324-6286. AR David Pryor. Bom: Camden, AR, 08129134. Education: U. 01 Arkansas, LL.B. 1964. Mililary: NlA. Family: WHe, Barbara Lunslord; three children. Occupation: Lawyer, Journalism. First elected: 11/07178, received 100% 01 the vote last election. District office: 3030 Federal Bldg., Lillie Rock, Ar 72201, (501) 324-6336. CA Alan Cranston. Born: Palo Allo, CA, 06119/14. Education: Stamord U., A.B. 1936. Military: Army 44-45. Family: Divorced; one child. Occupation: Journalism, ...o Real Estate. First elected: 11/05168, received 49% 01 the vote last election. District office: 1390 Market 51. Sune 918, San FranCisco, Ca 94102, (415) 556-8440. CA John Seymour. Born: Chicago, IL, 12103137. Education: U. 01 CalHomia, Los Angeles, B.S. 1962. Mililary: Marine Corps 55-59. Family: WHe, Judy Thacker; six children. Occupation: Real Estate. First elected: 01/07191, received 0% olthe vote last election. District office: 4015 Federal Bldg. 1130051., Fresno, Ca 93721, (209) 487-5727. CO Hank Brown. Born: Denver, CO, 02112140. Education: George Washington U., LL.M. 1986. Mililary: Navy 62-66. Family: Wde, Nan Morrison; three children. Occupation: Business, Lawyer. First elected: 11/06190, received 56% 01 the vote last election. District office: 268 N. Cascade Sulle 106, Colorado Springs, Co 80903, (719) 634-6071. CO TIm Wirth. Born: Santa Fe, NM, 09122139. Education: Stantord U., Ph.D. 1973. Mililary: Army Reserve 61-67. Family: WHe, Wren Winslow; two children. Occupation: Business, Education. First elected: 11/04186, received 50% 01 the vote last election. District office: 830 N. Tejon 51. Sulle 105, Colorado Springs, Co 80903, (719) 634-5523. CT Christopher Dodd. Born: Willimantic, CT, 05127/44. Education: U. 01 Louisville, J.D. 1972. Mililary: Army Reserve 69-75. Family: Divorced. Occupation: Lawyer. Rrst elected: 11/04/80, received 65% of the vote last election. District office: Putnam Park 100 Great Meadow Rd., Wetherslield, CT 06109, (203) 240-3470. CT Joseph Lieberman. Born: Stamlord, CT, 02124/42. Education: Yale U., LL.B. 1967. Milllary: NlA. Family: Wile, Hadassah Freilich; lour children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/08188, received 50% of the vote last election. District office: 1 Commercial Plaza 21 st Floor, Hartford, CT 06103, (203) 240-3566. DE Joseph Blden. Bom: Scranton, PA, 11/20/42. Education: Syracuse U., J.D. 1968. Milllary: NlA. Family: WHe, Jill Jacobs; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07172, received 63% 01 the vote last election. District office: 6021 Federal Bldg. 844 King St., Wilmington, DE 19801, (302) 573-6345. DE William Roth. Born: Great Falls, MT, 07/22121. Education: Harvard U., LL.B. 1949. Mililary: Army 43-46. Family: Wde, Jane Richards; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/03170, received 62% of the vote last election. District office: 3021 Federal Bldg. 844 King 51., Wilmington, De 19801, (302) 573-6291. FL Bob Grahman. Born: Miami, FL, 11/09136. Education: Harvard U., LL.B. 1962. Milllary: NlA. Family: Wife, Adele Khoury; four children. Occupation: Real Estate, Agricullure. First elected: 11/04/86, received 55% of the vote last election. District office: Buddy" Shorstein" 44 W. Flagler 51., Sulle 1715, Miami FI. FL Connie Mack.. Born: Philadelphia, PA, 10/29/40. Education: U. 01 Florida, B.S. 1966. Military: NlA. Family: WHe, Priscilla Hobbs; two children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/08/88, received 50% of the vote last election. District office: 1342 Colonial Blvd. Sulle 27, FI. Myers, FL 33907, (813) 275-6252. ------...------~-- GA Wyche Fowler. Born: Atlanta, GA, 10/0Eil40. Education: Emory U., J.D. 1969. Mllhary: Army 63-65. Family: Wde, Donna Hulsizer; one child. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04186, received 51% olthe vote last election. District office: 10 Pam Place South Suite 501, Atlanta, Ga 30303, (404) 331-0697. GA Sam Nunn. Born: Perry, GA, 09/08138. Education: Emory U., LL.B. 1962. Milhary: Coast Guard 59-60 Coast Guard Reserve. Family: Wde, Colleen Ann O'Brien; two children. Occupation: Agriculture, Lawyer. First elected: 11/o7n2, received 100% 01 the vote last election. District offICe: 75 Spring SI. S.w. Suhe 1700, Atlanta, Ga 30303, (404) 331-4811. HA Daniel Akaka. Born: Honolulu, HI, 09/11/24. Education: U. 01 Hawaii, M.Ed. 1966. Milhary: Army Corps 01 Engineers 45-47. Family: Wde, Mary Mildred Chong; live children. Occupation: Education, Public Official. First elected: 04/28/90, received 54% 01 the vote last election. District office: P.o. Box 50144, Honolulu, Hi 96850, (808) 541-2534. . HA Daniel Inouye. Bom: Honolulu, HI, 09/07/24. Education: George Washington U., J.D. 1952. Milhary: Army 43-47. Family: Wife, Margaret Shinobu Awamura; one child. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/06162, received 74% of the vote last election. District office: 7325 Prince Kuhlo Federal Bldg. 300 Ala, Honolulu, Hi 96850, (808) 541-2542. ID Larry Ctalg. Born: Council, ID, 07/20/45. Education: George Washington U., 1969-70. Milhary: Idaho National Guard 71-72. Family: Wde, Suzanne Scott; three stepchildren. Occupation: Agricutture, Real Estate. First elected: 11/0000, received 61% of the vote last election. District office: 304 N. 8th St. Suhe 149, BOise, Id 83702, (208) 342-7985. • ID Steve Symms. Born: Nampa, ID, 04123/38. Education: U. 01 Idaho, B.S. 1960. Milhary: Marine Corps 60-83. Family: Divorced; four children. Occupation: Agricutture, Business. First elected: 11/04180, received 52% of the vote last election. District office: 304 N. 8th SI. SUite !338, Boise, Id 83701, (208) 334-1776. IL Alan Dixon. Born: Belleville, IL, 07/07/27. Education: Washington U., LL.B. 1949. Milhary: Navy 45-46. Family: WHe, Joan Louise Fox; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04/80, received 65% of the vote last election. District office: 8787 State SI. Suhe 212, East SI. Louis, II 62203, (6,18) 398-7920. IL Paul Simon. Born: Eugene, IL, 11/29/28. Education: Dana College, 1946-48. Milhary: Army Intelligence Corps 51-53. Family: WHe, Jeanne Hurley; two children. Occupation: Journalism. First elected: 11/0Eil84, received 65% 01 the vote last election. District office: Kluczynskl Bldg. 230 S. Dearborn, Chicago, 1160604, (312) 353-4952. . IN Daniel Coats. Born: Jackson, MI, 05/1Ei143. Education: Indiana U., J.D. 1971. MilHary: Army Corps 01 Engineers 66-66. Family: WHe, Marcia Anne Crawford; three :: children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 01/03189, received 54% 01 the vote last election. District office: 10 W. Mamet SI. 1180 Mamet Tower, Indianapolis, In 46204, (317) 226-5555. IN Richard Lugar. Born: Indianapolis, IN, 04104132. Education: Oxford U., MA 1956. Milhary: Navy 57-60. Family: Wde, Cha~ene Smeltzer; four children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/02n6, received 68% 01 the vote last election. District office: 1180 Mamet Tower 10 W. Mamet SI., Indianapolis, In 46204, (317) 226-5555. IA Charles Gtassley. Born: New Hartford, IA, 09117/33. Education: U. of Iowa, 1957-58. Military: NlA. Family: Wde, Barbara Ann Speicher; five children. Occupation: Agricutture. First elected: 11/04/80, received 66% 01 the vote last election. District office: 210 Waterloo Bldg. 531 Commercial SI., Waterloo, la 50701, ._. (319) 232-6657. . IA Tom Hamln. Born: Cumming, lA, 11/19/39. Education: Catholic U., J.D. 1972. Milhary: Navy 62-67 Naval Reserve 68-74. Family: WHe, Ruth Raduenz; fwo children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/0Eil84, received 54% of the vote last election. District office: 733 Federal Bldg. 210 Walnut SI., Des Moines, la 50309, (515) 284-4574. KS Bob Dole. Born: Russell, KS, 07/22123. Education: Washburn U., LL.B. 1952. Milhary: Army 43-48. Family: WHe, Mary Elizabeth Hanlord; one child. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/05/68, received 70% of the vote last election. District office: 836 Minnesota Ave., Kansas Chy, Ks 66101, (913) 371·6108. KS Nancy Ksssebaum. Bom: Topeka, KS, 07129/32. Education: U. 01 Michigan, M.A. 1956. Milhary: N/A. Family: Divorced; four children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/07n8, received 74% 01 the vote last election. District office: 155 N. Market Suhe 120, WIChita, Ks 67202, (316) 269-6251. KY Wendell FOrd. Born: Daviess County, KY, 09/08/24. Education: U. of Kentucky, 1942-43. Milhary: Army 44-46 Army National Guard 49-62. Family: Wde, Jean Neel; two children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/05n4, received 74% 01 the vote last election. District office: 1720{; New Federal Bldg. 600 Federal Place, Louisville, Ky 40202, (502) 582-6251. KY Mitch McConnell.. Born: Sheffield, AL, 02120/42. Education: U. of Kentucky, J.D. 1967. Milhary: NlA. Family: Divorced; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/0Eil84, received 52% of the vote last election. District office: 600 Martin Lulher King Place 1360{;, Louisville, Ky 40202, (502) 582-8304. LA John Breaux. Born: Crowley, LA, 03/01/44. Education: Louisiana State U., J.D. 1967. Mllhary: NlA. Family: Wde, lois Daigle; four children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04/86, received 53% of the vote last election. District office: 105 Federal Bldg. 501 Magazine SI., New Orleans, La 70130, (504) 589-2531. LA J. Bennett Johnston. Born: Shreveport, LA, 06110132. Education: Louisiana State U.,LLB. 1956. Milhary: Anny 56-59. Family: Wde, Mary Gunn; four children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07172, received 100% of the vote last election. District office: 1010 Hale Boggs Federal Bldg. 500 Camp S, New Orleans, La 70130, (504) 589-2427. ME William Cohen. Born: Bangor, ME, 08128/40. Education: Boston U., Ll.B. 1965. Military: NlA. Family: Divorced; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07178, received 61% of the vote last election. District office: 150 Caphol St., Augusta, Me 04330, (207) 622-8414. ME George Mitchell. Born: Waterville, ME, 06120/33. Education: Georgetown U., Ll.B. 1960. Milhary: Amrt 54-56. Family: Divorced; one child. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/02182, received 81% of the vote last election. District office: P.o. Box 1237202 Harlow St., Bangor, Me 04402, (207) 945-0451. MD Bamara MikulskI. Born: Baltimore, MD, 07120136. Education: U. of Maryland, M.S.w. 1965. Milhary: NlA. Family: Single. Occupation: PubliC Official. First elected: -. 11/04186, received 61%ofthe vote last election. District office: 3 Church Circle, Annapolis, Md 21401, (301) 263-1805. MD Paul Sarbanes. Born: Salisbury, MD, 02103/33. Education: Harvard U., Ll.B. 1960. Milhary: NlA. Family: WHe, Christine Dunbar; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/02176, received 62% of the vote last election. District office: 1518 Federal Office Bldg. 31 Hopkins Pia, Banlmore, Md 21201, (301) 962-4436. MA Edward Kennedy. Born: Boston, MA, 02122132. Education: U. of Virginia, Ll.B. 1959. Milhary: Amrt 51-53. Family: Divorced; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/06162, received 65% of the vote last election. District office: 407 John F. Kennedy Federal Bldg., Boston, Ma 02203, (617) 565-3170. MA John Kerry. Born: Denver, CO, 12111/43. Education: Boston College, J.D. 1976. MilHary: Navy 68-69. Family: Divorced; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/06184, received 57% of the vote last election. District office: 3220 Transportation Bldg. 10 Park Plaza, Boston, Ma 02116, (617) 565-8519. MI Carl Levin. Born: DetroH, MI, 06128/34. Education: Harvard U., Ll.B. 1959. MilHary: NlA. Family: WHe, Barbara Halpern; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07178, received 57% of the vote last election. District office: 102 Federal Bldg. 145 Water SI., Alpena, MI49707, (517) 354-5520. .... MI Donald Riegle. Born: Flint, MI, 02104/38. Education: Harvard U. Business School, 1964-66. MilHary: NlA. Family: Wde, Lori Hansen; four children. Occupation: PI) Business, Education. First elected: 11/02176, received 60% of the vote last election. District office: 1155 Brewery Park Blvd. SuHe 343, DetroH, Mi 48207, (313) 226-3188. MN Dave Durenberger. Born: Collegeville, MN, 08/19134. Education: U. of Minnesota, J.D. 1959. MilHary: Army Intelligence 55-56 Amrt Reserve. Family: Wife, Penny Baran; four children. Occupation: Lawyer, Business. First elected: 11/07178, received 56% of the vote last election. District office: 1020 Plymouth Bldg. 12 S. 6th SI., Minneapolis, Mn 55402, (612) 370-3382 .• MN Paul Wellstone. Born: Washington, DC, 07/21/44. Education: U. of North Carolina, Ph.D. 1969. Milhary: NlA. Family: Wife, Sheila lson; three children. Occupation: Education. First elected: 11/06/90, received 50% of the vote last election. District office: 2550 UnlversHy Ave. Suite 185s, SI. Paul, Mn 55114, (612) 645-0323. MS Thad Cochran. Born: Pontotoc, MS, 12107137. Education: TrinHy College (U. of Dublin, Ireland), 1963-64. MilHary: Navy 59-61. Family: Wife, Rose Claylon; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07178, received 100% of the vote last election. District office: 188 E. Capitol Suite 614, Jackson, Ms 39201, (601) 965-4459. MS Trent Lon.. Born: Grenada County, MS, 10/09/41. Education: U. of Mississippi, J.D. 1967. Milhary: N/A. Family: Wde, Patricia Elizabeth Thompson; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/08/88, received 54% of the vote last election. District office:' 2080 Airport Rd., Columbus, Ms 39701, (601) 329-3897. MO Chrltopher Bond. Born: SI. Louis, MO, 03/06139. Education: U. of Virginia, Ll.B. 1963. Milhary: N/A. Family: WHe, Carolyn Reid; one child. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04/86, received 53% of the vote last election. District office: 214 Federal Bldg. 339 Broadway, Cape Girardeau, Mo 63701, (314) 334-7044. MO John Danfonh. Born: St. Louis, MO, 09/05136. Education: Yale U., Ll.B. 1963. Military: NlA. Family: Wde, Sally Dobson; five children. Occupation: Lawyer, Clergy. First elected: 11/02176, received 68% of the vote last election. District office: 8000 Maryland Ave. SuHe 440, Claylon, Mo 63105, (314) 725-4484. MT Max Baucus. Born: Helena. MT, 12111/41. Education: Stardord U.,Ll.B. 1967. Military: NlA. Family: Wde, Wanda Minge; one child. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07178, received 68% of the vote last election. District office: 211 N. Higgins Ave. Room 102, Missoula, Mt 59802, (406) 329-3123. -.------MT Conrad Bums.. Bom: Gallatin, MO, 01/25135. Education: U. of Missouri, 1952-54. MUHary: Marine Corps 55-57. Family: Wije, Phyllis Kuhlmann; two children. Occupation: Joumalism, Business. First elected: 11/08188, received 52% of the vote last election. District office: 208 N. Montana Ave. SuHe 202-a, Helena, Mt 59601, (406) 449-5401. NE JIm Exon. Bom: Geddes, SO, 08109121. Education: U. 01 Omaha, 1939-41. MilHary: Army 41-45 Army Reserve 45-49. Family: Wije, Patricia Ann Pros; three children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/07178, received 59% of the vote last election. District office: 287 Federal Bldg. 100 Centennial Mall No, Lincoln, Ne 88508, (402) 437-5591. NE Bob Kenrey. Bom: Lincoln, NB, 08127/43. Education: U. of Nebraska, B.S. 1966. MilHary: Navy 66-69. Family: Divorced; two children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/08/88, received 57"10 olthe vote last election. District office: 7602 PacHic Suite 205, Omaha, Ne 88114, (402) 391-3411. NV RIchard Bryan. Bom: Washington, DC, 07/16137. Education: U. of CaIHomia,lL.B. 1963. MilHary: Army 59-60. Family: Wife, Bonnie Fairchild; three children. Occupation: lawyer. First elected: 11/08/88, received 50"10 of the vote last election. District office: 300 Booth SI. SuHe 2014, Reno, Nv 89509, (702) 784-5007. NV Harry ReId. Bom: Searchlight, NV, 12102139. Education: U. of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1969-70. Military: NlA. Family: WHe, landra Gould; five children. Occupation: lawyer. First elected: 11/04/86, received 50"10 of the vote last election. District office: 600 E. Williams SI. SuHe 302, Carson CHy, Nv 89701, (702) 882-7343. NH Warren Rudman. Bom: Boston, MA, 05/16130. Education: Syracuse U., B.S. 1952. MilHary: Army 52-54. Family: Wrte, Shirley Wahl; three children. Occupation: lawyer. First elected: 11/04/80, received 63"10 of the vote last election. District office: 157 Main SI., Bertin, Nh 03570, (603) 752-2604. NH Roben Smnh. Bom: Trenton, NJ, 03130/41. Education: long Beach State College, 1988-69. Military·: Navy 65-67. Family: Wife, Mary Jo·Hutchinson; three children. Occupation: Real Estate, Education. First elected: 11/06190, received 65% of the vote last election. District office: 46 S. Main SI., Concord, Nh 03301, (603) 228-0453. NJ Bill Bradley. Bom: Crystal City, MO, 07/26143. Education: Oxford U., M.A. 1988. MilHary: Air Force Reserve 67-78. Family: Wife, Emestine Schlant; one child. Occupation: Athelete, Joumalism. First elected: 11/07178, received 50% of the vote last election. District office: 1609 Vaux Hall Rd. P;o. Box 1720, Union, Nj 07083, (908) 688-0960. NJ Frank Lautenberg. Born: Paterson, NJ, 01123124. Education: Columbia U., B.S. 1949. MilHary: Army 42-46. Family: Divorced; four children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/02182, received 54% of the vote last election. District office: 1 Gateway Center SuHe 1510, Newark, NJ 07102, (201) 645-3030...... W NM Jeff BIngaman. Born: EI Paso, TX, 10103143. Education: Stanford U., J.D. 1968. MilHary: Army Reserve 68-74. Family: Wife, Anne Kovacovich; one child. Occupation: lawyer. First elected: 11/02182, received 63% of the vote last election. District office: 119 E. Marcy SuHe 101, Santa Fe, Nm 87501, (505) 988-6647. NM Pete Domen/c/. Born: Albuquerque, NM, 05107132. Education: U. of Denver, Ll.B. 1958. Military: NlA. Family: WHe, Nancy Burk; eight children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07172, received 73% of the vote last election. District office: 625 Silver S.w. Suite 120, Albuquerque, Nm 87102, (505) 766-3481. NY A/fonse D'Amato. Born: Brooklyn, NY, 08101137. Education: Syracuse U., J.D. 1961. MilHary: NlA. Family: Wrte, Penny Collenburg; four children. Occupation: lawyer. First elected: 11/04180, received 57% of the vote last election. District office: 7th Ave., 7 Penn Plaza Suite 600, New York, Ny 10001, (212) 947-7390. NY DanIel MoynIhan. Born: Tulsa, OK, 03116/27. Education: Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Ph.D. 1961. Military: Navy 44-47. Family: Wife, Elizabeth - Brennan; three children. Occupation: Education, Journalism. First elected: 11/02176, received 67% of the vote last election. District office: 405 lexington Ave., New York, Ny 10074, (212) 661-5150. NC Jesse Helms. Born: Monroe, NC, 10/18121. Education: Wake Forest U., 1939-40. MiI~ary: Navy 42-45. Family: WHe, Dorothy Jane Coble; three children. Occupation: Joumalism, Business. First elected: 11/07172, received 53"10 of the vote last election. District office: P.o. Box 2888 Century Post Office Bldg., Raleigh, Nc 27602, (919) 856-4630. NC Terry Santord. Born: laurinburg, NC, 08120/17. Education: U. of North Carolina, J.D. 1946. Military: Army parachute infantry 42-46 N.C. Nal.Family: WHe, Margaret Rose Knight; two children. Occupation: Education, lawyer. First elected: 11/04/86, received 52% of the vote last election. District office: P.o. Box 2137, Asheville, Nc.28802, (704) 251-1157. NO QuentIn BurdIck. Bom: Munich, NO, 06119/08. Education: U. of Minnesota, ll.B. 1932. Military: jIjIA. Family: Wife, Jocelyn Birch Peterson; four children, two s. Occupation: lawyer. First elected: 06128/60, received 59% of the vote last election. District office: 266 New Federal Bldg. 657 2nd Ave. North, Fargo, Nd 58102, (701) 237-4000. - NO Kent Conrad. Born: Bismarck, NO, 03112148. Education: George Washington U., M.BA 1975. MilHary: N/A. Family: Wife, lucy Calautti; two children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/04186, received 50% of the vote last election. District office: 228 Federal Bldg. 3rd And Rosser Sts., Bismarck, Nd 58501, (701) 258-4648. OH John Glenn. Born: Cambridge, OH, 07/18/21. Education: Musklngum College, B.S. 1962. MilHary: Marine Corps 42-65. Family: Wne, Anna Margaret Castor; two children. Occupation: Aeronautics, Business. First elected: 11/05fl4, received 62% of the vote last election. District office: 200 N. High SI. SuHe 600, . ColurTtlus, Oh 43215, (614) 469-6697. OH Howard Metzenbaum. Born: Lyndhurst, OH, 06/04117. Education: Ohio State U., LL.B. 1941. MilHary: NlA Family: Wne, Shirley Turoff; four children. Occupation: Lawyer, Journalism. First elected: 11/02176, received 57% olthe vote last election. District office: 10411 Federal Bldg., Cincinnati, Oh 45202, (513) 684-3694. OK David Boren. Born: Washington, DC, 04121/41. education: U. of Oklahoma, J.D. 1968. MilHary: National Guard 68-75. Family: Wne, Molly Wanda Shl; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07178, received 83% 01 the vote last election. Dlstrlct office: 621 N. Robinson Suite 370, Oklahoma City, Ok 731 02, (405) 231-4381. . OK Don NIckles. Born: Ponca CHy, OK, 12106/48. Education: Oklahoma State U., B.BA 1971. MilHary: Army National Guard 70-76. Family: Wne, Linda Lou MOrrlson; four children. Occupation: Business. Rrst elected: 11104180, received 55% of the vote last election. District office: 1820 Liberty Tower 100 N. Broadway, Oklahoma CHy, Ok 73102, (405) 231-4941. OR Mark Heff/eld. Born: Dallas, OR, 07/12122. Education: Stanford U., M.A. 1948. MilHary: Navy 43-46. Family: Wne, Antoinette Kuzmanich; four children. Occupation: Education. First elected: 11/08/66, received 54% of the vote last election. District office: 475 Cottage 51. N.e., Salem, Or 97301, (503) 399-5731. - OR Bol1 PeckwOod. Born: Portland, OR, 09/11/32. Education: New York U., LL.B. 1957. MilHary: NlA. Family: Divorced; two children. Occupation:Lawyer. First elected: 11/05/68, received 63% of the vote last election. District office: 101 S.w. Maine St. SuHe 240, Portland, Or 97204, (503) 326-3370. PA Arlen Specter. Born: WicMa, KS, 02112130. Education: Yale U., LL.B. 1956. Military: Air Force 51-53. Family: Wife, Joan Levy; two children. Occupation: Lawyer, Education. First elected: 11/04/80, received 56"10 of the vote last election. District office: 9400 Federal Bldg. 600 Arch 51., Philadelphia, Pa 19106, (215) 597-7200. PA HarrIs Wofford. Born: New York CHy, NY, 04109/26. Education: Howard U., J.D. 1954. Milnary: Army Air Force 44-45. Family: Wne, Clare Lindgren; three children. Occupation: Lawyer, Education. Rrst elected: 05108/91, received 0% of the vote last election RI John Chetee. Born: Providence, RI, 10/22122. Education: Harvard U., LL.B. 1950. Military: Marine Corps 42-45 Marine Corps 51-52. Family: WHe, Virginia Coates; five children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/02176, received 55% of the vote last election. Distrlct office: 301 John O. Pastore Federal Bldg. Kenned, Providence, RI 02903, (401) 528-5294. RI ClaIborne Pell. Born: New York, NY, 11/22118. Education: Columbia U., AM. 1948. MilHary: Coast Guard 41-45. Family: WHe, Nuala O'Donnell; four children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/08/60, received 62% of the vote last election. District office: 418 Federal Bldg., Providence, Ri 02903, (401) 528-5456. SC Ernest Hollings. Bom: Charleston, SC, 01/01/22. Education: U. of South Carolina, LL.B. 1947. Milnary: Army 42-45. Family: Wife, RHa 'Peatsy' Liddy; four children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/08/66, received 63% of the vote last election. District office: 1835 Assembly 51. Room 1551, Columbia, Sc 29201, (803) 765-5731. SC Strom Thurmond. Bom: Edgefield, SC, 12105/02. Education: Clemson College, B.S. 1923. MilHary: Army 42-46 Army Reserve 24-60. Family: Separated; four children. Occupation: Lawyer, Education. First elected: 11/02154, received 64% of the vote last election. District office: 1835 Assembly 51. Suite 1558, Columbia, Sc 29201, (803) 765-5494. SO Tom Daschle. Born: Aberdeen, SO, 12109/47. Education: South Dakota State U., BA 1969. Milnary: Air Force 69-72. Family: WHe, Linda Hall; three children. Occupation: Public Official. First elected: 11/04186, received 52% of the vote last election. District office: 615 S. Main SI., Aberdeen, Sd 57401, (605) 225-8823. SO Larry Pressler. Born: Humboldt, 50,03129/42. Education: Harvard U., J.D. 1971. MIlHary: Army 66-68. Family: WHe, Harriet Dent; one child. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/07178, received 52% of the vote last election. District office: 520 S. Main 51., Aberdeen, Sd 57402, (605) 226-7471. TN AI Gore. Born: Washington, DC, 03131/48. Education: Vanderbm U. Law School, 1974-76. MilHary: Army 69-71. Family: WHe, Mary Elizabeth 'Tippef AHcheson; four chit. Occupation: Journalism, Real Estate. First elected: 11/06/64, received 68% of the vote last election. District office: Tri-cHies Regional Airport, Blountville, Tn 37617, (615) 323-6217. TN JIm Sasser. Born: Memphis, TN, 09/30/36. Education: Vanderbilt U., J.D. 1961. MilHary: Marlne Corps Reserve 57-63. Family: Wife, Mary Gorman; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/02/76, received 65% of the vote last election. District office: 569 U.s. Courthouse, Nashville, Tn 37203, (615) 736-7353. TX Uoyd Bentsen. Born: Mission, TX, 02111/21. Education: U. of Texas, LL.B. 1942. Milnary: Army Air corps 42-45 Air Force Reserve. Family: Wife, Beryl Ann 'B.A.' Longino; three children. Occupation: Lawyer, Business. First elected: 11/03170, received 59% of the vote las\ election. District office: 961 Federal Bldg., Austin, Tx 78701, (512) 482-5834. c. , . . , . TX Phil Gramm, Born: Fort Benning, GA, 07108142, Education: U, of Georgia, Ph,D, 1967, Milnary: NlA. Family: WHe, Wendy Lee; two children, OcaJpatlon: Education, First elected: 11/06184, received 60% of the vote last election, District office: 2323 Bryan Sutte 1500, Dallas, Tx 75201, (214) 767-3000, UT Jake Gam. Born: Richfield, UT, 10112132, Education: U, of Utah, B,S, 1955, Milhary: Navy 56-60 Air National Guard 60-69, Family: Wde, Kathleen Brewerton; seven children, Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/05174, received 72% olthe vote last election. District office: 4225Wallace F. Bennett Federal Bldg., Salt Lake Chy, Ut64138, (801) 524-5933. UT Orrtn Hatch. Born: Pittsburgh, PA, 03/22134. Education: U. of Pittsburgh, J.D. 1962. Milhary: NlA. Family: Wife, Elaine Hansen; six children. Occupation: Lawyer. Flrst·elected: 11/02176, recelved'67% olthe vote last election; District office: 6402 Federal Bldg. 125 S.State, Satt Lake Chy, Ut 84138, (801) 524-4380. VT James Jefforrls. Born: Rutland, VT, 05111134. Education: Harvard U., LL.B. 1962. Milhary: Navy 56-59 Naval Reserve 59-. Family: Wife, Elizabeth Daley; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/06188, received 68% of the vote last election. District office: 95 SI. Paul St., #100, Buriington, Vt 05401, (802) 658-6001. VT Patrick Leahy. Born: Montpelier, VT, 03131/40. Education: GeorgeMurkowski, F. (R). Born: Seattle, WA, 03128/33. Educalion: Seattle U., B.A. 1955. Milhary: Coast Guard ·55·56. Family: Wde, Nancy Gore; six children. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/04/80, received 54% of the vote last election. District office: 222 W. 7th Ave. #1, Anchorage Ak 99513, (907) 271-3735, VA Charles Robb. Born: Phoenix, AZ, 06126/39. Education: U. of Virginia, J.D. 1973. Milhary: Marine Corps 61-70 Marine Corps Reserv. Family: WHe, Lynda Bird Johnson; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/08168, received 71% of the vote last election. District office: Old Chy Hall 1001 E. Broad St., Richmond, Va 23219, (804) n1-2221. . VA John Warner. Born: Washington, DC, 02118127. Educalion: U. of Virginia, LL.B. 1953. Milhary: Navy 44-46 Marine Corps 50-52. Family: Divorced; three children. Occupalion: Lawyer, AgricuHure. First elected: 11/07n8, received 81% of the vote last election. District office: 600 E. Main St., Richmond, Va 23219, (804) m -2579. . WA Brock Adams. Born: Atlanta, GA, 01113127. Education: Harvard U., J.D.1952. Milhary: Navy 44-46.Family: Wde, Mary Elizabeth Scott; four children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04186, received 51% of the vote last election: District office: 2988 Jackson Federal Bldg. 915 2nd Ave., Seattle, Wa 98174, C;; (206) 553-5545. WA . Slade Gorton. Born: Chicago, IL, 01/08128. Education: Columbia U., LL.B. 1953. Military: Army 45-46 Air Force 53-56 Air Force. Family: Wife, Sally Jean Clark; three children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04180, received 51% of the vote last election. District office: 3206 Jackson Federal Bldg. 915 2nd Ave., Seattle, Wa 98174, (206) 553-0350. WV Roberl Byrd. Born: North Wilkesbor, NC; 11/20/17. Education: American U., J.D. 1963. Milhary: NlA. family: WHe, Erma Ora James; two children. Occupation: Lawyer. First elected: 11/04/58, received 65% cif the vote last election. District office: 1006 Federal Bldg. 500 Quarrier St., Charteston, Wv 25305, (304) 342-5855. ,_ WV· Jay Rockefeller. Born: New York, NY, 06118137. Education: Harvard U., A.B. 1961. Milhary: NlA. Family: WHe, Sharon Percy; four children. Occupation: Public Official. First elected: 11/06184, received 68% of the vote last election. District office: 812 Quarrier Suhe 200, Charteston, Wv 25301, (304) 347-5372. WI Bob Kasten. Born: Milwaukee, WI, 06119/42. Education: Columbia U., M.BA 1966. Milhary: Wis. Air National Guard 67-72. Family: WHe, Eva Jean Nimmons; one child. Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/04180, received 51 % of the vote last election. District office: 517 E. Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wi 53202, (414) 297-4160. • WI Herb Kohl: Borri: Milwaukee, WI, 02107135. Education: Harvard U., M.B.A. 1958. Milhary: Army Reserve 58-64. Family: Single: Occupation: Business. First elected: 11/08188, received 52% of the vote last election. District office: 205 E. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, Wi 53202, (414) 297-4451. WY Alan SimpSon: Born: Denver, CO, 09/02131. Education: U. of Wyoming, J.D. 1958. Milhary: Army 54-56. Family: Wife, Ann Schroll; three children. OccUpation: Lawyer. First eleCted: 11/07n8, received 64% olthe vote last election; District office: P.o. Box 430 1731 Sheridan Ave., Suhe 1, Cody, Wy 82414, (307) 527-7121. " . . : .. : ". . . . ". . . WY MalcolmWaliop. Born: New York; NY, 02127/33. Education: Yale U,' B,A. 1954. Milhary: Army 55-57. Family: Wde, French Cart'iirc;amt)le; four children, one· ste. OcCupation: Agricutture, Buslness.FirSt'ijleded: 11/02176, received 50% of the vote last election. District office: 2009 Federal Center, Cheyenne, Wy 82001, ...o.<-__~ "'~(307) 63+0626. ' .. ' . .' . . :: .' J, ----~ ..... '".,...- -.~ : -::~ - - PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS (Based on last full session, 1991) 1. American Conservative Union (Conservative) 2. Americans for Democratic Action (Liberal) 3. National Right II> Ufo (PlU-Life) 4. National Abortions Action Leque (Pro-Choice) 5. Leque of Conservation Vo_ (Environment) 6. U.S. Chambe WARNING: Special_est groupevahwions are exa<:tly that: theyrepresenllhe views ofspsnicular interesL In addition, lheirratings are often Ikewed towards one party or the other. Be aware oflhis biu and use ratings from a wide variety of interests to gain • well-1'OW'lded view of the candjdates Ratings are based on how often a aenalOr vota in ac:c:ordance with lite preferred position of a group on the voles dtalthe group c:onsiderllO be most imponanlll> its special in1 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AL Howell Heflin 579(, 359(, 789(, 309(, 79(, 4O'l(, 679(, 71% 649(, 44% - 4O'l(, AL Ricluord Sbelby 769(, 359(, 229(, 13% 409(, 67% 43% 559(, 56% AK Frank Murkowski 86% 59(, 78% 5% 209(, 60% 42% 43% 45% 33% AK TedSlevou 769(, 109(, 339(, 29% 209(, 60% 42% 43% 559(, 33% AZ Dennis Dec:oncini 459(, 509(, 679(, 209(, 339(, 209(, 679(, 57% 739(, 67% AZ 101m McCain 86% 5% 1009(, 09(, 339(, 709(, 17% 29% 55% 39% AR DaleBumpm 249(, 709(, 09(, 8S'lo 479(, 209(, 67% 1009(, 97'lo 61% AR David Pryor 119(, 309(, 09(, TI'lo 27'lo 509(, 809(, 57% 64'lo 6O'l(, CA Alan Cranston 09(, 85'lo 09(, 1009(, 8O'l(, 13'lo 9O'l(, 86'lo 82'lo 61 'lo .... G) CA John Seymour 869(, 15% 22'lo 659(, 149(, 1009(, 33'lo 43% SS'lo 22'lo ~ Hank. Brown 9O'l(, 109(, 339(, 4O'l(, 36'lo 809(, 17% 14'lo 27% 28% CO Tim Wirth 14% 8S'lo 09(, 1009(, 809(, 309(, 83% 1009(, 1009(, 89% CT Christopber Dodd 249(, 759(, 09(, 1009(, 73'lo 2O'l(, 92% 1009(, 73'lo 83% CT losqm Lieberman 25'lo 659(, 09(, 1009(, 1009(, 309(, 83'lo 1009(, 82% 89% DE losqmBideu 5'lo 9O'l(, 09(, 85'lo 939(, 209(, 83% 1009(, 91 'lo 89% DE Wi1lUrm Roth 819(, 209(, 78% 109(, 739(, 60% 259(, 29% 459(, 28% FL BobOrabam 389(, 659(, 09(, SS'lo 739(, 2O'l(, 759(, 1009(, 919(, 78% FL ConnioMad 9O'l(, 15% 1009(, 09(, 2O'l(, 709(, 509(, 09(, 279(, 22% GA Wyche Fowler 33'lo 659(, 09(, 75'lo 60% 22'lo 64% 86'lo 73'lo 72'lo GA SaruNunn ·48'lo 5O'l(, 33% 4O'l(, 4O'l(, 4O'l(, S8'lo 71% 64% 56% III DauidAkaka 5'lo 9O'l(, 09(, 1009(, 739(, 2O'l(, 92% 1009(, 91'lo 839(, III Dauid Inouye 14'lo 8O'l(, 09(, 1009(, 279(, 2O'l(, 92% 1009(, 82'lo . 729(, 1D LarryCra;g 8K 59(, 1009(, 09(, 14'lo 1009(, 259(, 09(, 27'lo 11% 1D 5"",,5_ 9O'l(, 59(, 1009(, 09(, 13% 1009(, 17% 09(, 18'lo 6'lo IL Alan Dixon S2'lo 55% 33'lo 4O'l(, 539(, 109(, 67'lo 719(, 64'lo 61% IL Paul Simon 09(, 1009(, 09(, 1009(, 87'lo 109(, 75% 1009(, 1009(, 1009(, IN DanielCoou 1009(, 59(, 1009(, 09(, 2O'l(, 82% 25% 43% 4S'lo 229(, IN Richard Lagar 76'lo 109(, 1009(, 09(, 279(, 9O'l(, 17'lo 29'lo 369(, 229(, 1A CIuuIa Gr_1ey 81'lo 159(, 89% 15'lo 339(, 60% 17% 29'lo 4S9(, 339(, 1A TomHmkin 09(, 1009(, 09(, 1009(, 739(, 14% 9O'l(, 86'lo 829(, 67% KS Bob Dole 869(, 5% 1009(, 09(, 139(, 8O'l(, 179(, 14'lo 4S9(, 22% KS Nancy Kassebaum 62~ 3S~ 11~ 65~ ~ 80'l1. 17~ 43~ 27~ 28~ ICY Wendell Ford 47~ SO'lI. 100'1, 25~ 7~ 10'lI. 7S~ 86~ 82~ 61~ ICY MiI<:h McC"",..U 9O'lI. 0'lI. 78~ IS~ 13~ 9O'lI. 17~ ~ 3~ 11~ LA 101m Breaux S7~ 3O'lI. 78~ 0'lI. 2O'lI. ~ 67~ 43~ 73~ S6% ~ LA 1, Benneulolmston S2~ ~ 89% 0'lI. 13~ ~ 7S~ S7% 82~ S6~ ME Wjlliam Coltm 43~ 65~ 0'lI. 7S~ 93~ ~ 42~ 71~ 97~ 67% ME Gear8e Mit<:heD 5~ 9O'lI. 0'lI. 85~ 80'l1. 30'l1. 83~ 100'1, 100'1, 72% MD Barbara Miku1ski 10'lI. 9O'lI. 0'lI. 100'1, 9391, 2O'lI. 8391, 100'1, 91% 78% MD Paul Sarbanes 0'lI. 100'1, 0'lI. 85% 87% 10'lI. 92% 100'1, 100'1, 83% MA Edward Kennedy 0'lI. 95% 0'lI. 100'1, 100'1, 2O'lI. 83% 100'1, 100'1, 78% MA lo1mKeny 5% 95% 0'lI. 100'1, 9391, 2O'lI. 83% 86~ 100'1, 78% MI Carl Levin 5~ 9O'lI. 0'lI. 85% 73% 0'lI. 7S% 100'1, 82% 83% MI Donald Riegle 1491, 9O'lI. 0'lI. 85% 67~ 10'lI. 83% 100'1, 100'1, 7891, MN Davt Durenbugu 48% 35~ 100'1, 0'lI. 6O'lI. SO'll. 3391, 5791, 64% SO'll. MN Paul Wellstone 5% 95% 0'lI. 100'1, 9391, 20'l1. 8391, 100'1, 100'1, 89% MS TIrod CochrDn 7691, 591, 7891, S% 791, 80'l1. 2591, 4391, 4591, 28% MS Tr.,.,Loa 8691, 591, 100'1, 0'lI. 2O'lI. 7891, 2791, 0'lI. 2791, 17% MO Christoplou BONI 81% 2O'lI. 78% 1591, 1391, 70'l1. 2791, 4391, 6491, 3391, MO John DD1I{orth 6O'lI. 2O'lI. 89% 591, 2791, 70'l1. 25% 4391, S5% 3391, MT MuBaucus 2491, 70'l1. 0'lI. 100'1, 80'l1. 20'l1. S8% 8691, 91% 78% MT Ccmrail Burru 8691, 5% 100'1, 0'lI. 13% 9O'lI. 17% 1491, 36% 2291, NE lim Exon 38% SO'lI. 67% 5% 53% 20'l1. 67% 86% 82% 78% .... NE BobKem:y 5% 75% 0'lI. 100'1, 80'l1. 29% 78% 7191, 55% 50'l1...... NY Rieban1 Bryan 38% 70'l1. 0'lI. 85% 67% 2O'lI. 83% 100'1, 71% 67% ,NY HanyReid 33% 65% 78% 30'l1. 53% 10'lI. 92% 100'1, 91% 72% NH RobutSmilh 9O'lI. 10'lI. 100'1, 0'lI. 50'l1. 70'l1. 17% 1491, 18% 22% NH Wa",,,, Rudman 71% IS% 33% 3591, 53% 6O'lI. 17% 43% 55% 39% Nl Bill Bradley 10'lI. 9O'lI. 0'lI. 100'1, 87~ 10'l1. 75% 86% 100'1, 72% N1 Fnmk Lautcnbc ..; ,ND: Quentin Burdick 14% 9O'lI. 0'lI. 100'1, 6O'lI. 20% 83% 100'1, 100'1, 78% NO Kent Conrad 43% 75% 44% 65% 4791, 20% 7S% 86% 91% 72% OH 101m Glenn 10'lI. 9O'lI. 0'lI. 100'1, 73% 0% 7591, 100'1, 91% 78% OH .--'Ifoward Metz.enbawn 0'lI. 100'1, 0'lI. 100'1, 9391, 10% 8391, 100'1, 100'1, 100'1, OK_. David Boren 45% 45% 89% S% 3391, S6% 42% 71 '10 S5% 50% OK Don Nickles 95% 0'lI. 100'1, 0'lI. 7'10 100'1, 25'10 0% 18% 17% OR Mart Hatfield 24% 6O'lI. 55% IS'1o 27'10 50% 58% 71% 100'1, 61% OR Bob Pacl:wood 43% SO'lI. 0% 100'1, 13'10 60% 67% 86% 100'1, 33% PA Arlen Spec~, 71% 4O'lI. 0'lI. 6O'lI. 40'l1. SO% S8% S7'1o 64% 61% PA Hams Wofford 22% 79'10 0'lI. 8S% 86'10 0% 89'10 100% 88% 87% • ~, I 2 3 '5 6 7 8 9 10 RI John Chaf" 24% 60% 0% 75% 80% 40% 45% 71% 82% 61% RI Claiborne Pell 0% 90% 0% 100% 100% 22% 83% 100% 100% 72% SC Ernest Hollings 62% 55% 11% 60% 67% 40% 75% 43% 73% 67% SC Strom Thurmond 90% 10% 100% 0% 7% 70% 25% 14% 36% 22% SO Tom Daschle 24% 85% 0% 85% 53% 10% 83% 100% 91% 67% SO lArry Pressler 86% 5% 100% 0% 20% 80% 8% 14% 36% 22% TN AI Gore 14% 75% 0% 85% 73% 20% 83% 100% 82% 78% TN Jim Sasser 5% 90% 0% 85% 53% 0% 83% 100% 91% 83% TX LJoyd Bentsen 30% 50% 11% 75% 40% 20% 67% 100% 82% 61% TX Phi/Gramm 95% 0% 100% 0% 20% 8% 17% 0% 27% 11% lIT Jake Garn 84% 10% ',100% 0% 13% 70% 25% 0% 27% 11% lIT Orrin Halch 86% 10% 89%, 0% 13% 90% 25% 14% 27% 6% vr JamI!S Jeffords 10% 65% 0% 100% 87% 22% 50% 100% 91% 61% vr Patrick Leahy 5% 95% 0% 85% 100% 20% 92% 86% 82% 94% VA Charles Robb 43% 60% 0% 75% 80% 10% 67% 86% 73% 78% VA John Warner 76% 20% 56% 25% 27% 80% 25% 43% 55% 28% WA Brock Adams 10% 95% 0% 100% 87% 20% 82% 100% 100% 89% WA Slade Gorton 67% 30% 44% 50% 40% 80% 17% 43% 55% 33% WV RobenByrd 33% 65% 44% 55% 33% 10% 83% 86% 82% 72% WV Jay Rockefeller 5% 90% 0% 85% 80% 10% 75% 100% 100% 78% WI Bob Kasten 86% 15% 100% 0% 40% 100% 42% 43% 64% 28% WI Herb Kohl 24% 90% 22% 90% 73% 20% 58% 71% 82% 72%, WV Alan Simpson 80% 10% 33% 35% 13% 80% 17% 29% 45% 28% WY Malcolm Wallop 95% 5% 89% 0% 7% 90% 25% 0% 9% 17% II CAMPAIGN FINANCE II The campaign finance information included on this hard card is compiled from the last full-cycle campaign year. We do nol include infonnation from the current campaign cycle as it can be misleading. Often times candidates will put off accepting "questionable" campaign contributions Wltil after the campaign finance filing date. Therefore, the "questionable" contributions will not show up in the current year data, However, if you would like to find out about this years' campaign finance information call our Voter Information Hotline: 1-800-786-6885. I=Polirical/ldeological ::!=Labor 3=Agriculturc 4=Defcllse 5=Encrgy 6=Financl!. Insurance Real Estate 7=Hcalth S=Law 9=Constru<.:lion IO=Communic;J.[ion 11=Transponaliun 1:!=l\'lisr.:. BlIsin~ss Tolal $$ Total Individual Total PAC Breakdown Year Collected Indiv idual Out of State PACs 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 AL Howell Hctlin 8),90 ",005,473 2,03',s9~ &5'l,'" 1,.488,876 127,600 "",800 230,938 62 ..137 176,100 2S::!,5:!1 68,150 l7.812 3J.6SO 93,lIJ 76,6~O 1IIJ,I!99 AL Richard Shelby 81.f.16 2,400.488 687,n.s 108,115 879,"9 69.875 267,42'* 29,stXl 23,000 98,200 13:!,650 74,738 13,000 ~,500 35,850 34,150 ~,~ AK Frank Mlirkowski 81.f.16 1.55S,61,* 76S,232 !J8,~7S 646,036 37,s68 39.350 34,6:!oS 44,6SO 1'*3.1.05 71,OlO 41,7:!oS 17,914 3~.:!75 ~n,345 71,M n077 AK Ted Slcvcns SS090 1,676,916 5:U,:!3S Z75,700 954,946 36,7-*8 1,*5.JOO 20,875 129,375 IOJ,S07 1I0,7.!! '5,000 35.100 1J~,HIO . 11,637 '~,860 AZ Dennis Dcconcini 83-88 3,372,175 1,966,0::" $14,969 1,146,2,52 ,,,00 164,875 6J,'*"l9 75,lSO 6O.'*SO 74,255 38.882 85,056 6O.!iSO 99,363 AZ John McCain 81.f.16 2,59I.l5O 1,416,203 318,853 766,118 13.... 17.000 41.450 "". 10UOO 98,050 4~,O7) 10.200 43.s10 54,145 95,801 AR Dale Bumpers 81.f.16 1,846,309 1,203,36j 193,500 513.nl 56,153 55,100 12,000 33,515 76,056 42.000 18.800 14,200 "',l?Q J/ank Brown 4,179,1-*6 2,OO8,9S~ 395,010 1,37o,scs 109,350 116.900 49.s75 168,~10 290,599 8O~ 28,600 63,250 101,roo Bid90 2M.430 CO .~" "',000 co Tim Wirth ..... 3,819,3(11 2,613,318 913,407 845,788 204,670 l61,QS9 9,850 - ."'" 26,700 128,389 1l.725 :U,OOO 13.soo 51.172 28,000 15,400 Total S$ Total Individual Total PAC Breakdown Year Collected Individual Oul of Stale PAC'. 2 3 4 5 6. 7 8 10 11 CT Christopher Dodd 'I~ 2,958.174 1,999,lJ7 !OoI,4.5O 791,166 '1.9~ 1OO"" ",.. 25,316 8,lSO 259,563 ".34' 21.950 18,lC\O 22,64.5 ",lB' ,;.u 2,6SO,6aJ 561.~ 51,SaJ ,.., 32,'10 11,638 11,500 CT Joseph Lieberman 2,309,193 20'.19. ".... • I."" ',lCXI ,.... DE Joseph Biden U-9O 2.919.280 2,l36,m: t,lll,26S • 693."" I ...... ""'"29 GA Wyche Fowler 11-86 2,912.6J1 1,423,393 589,Wl IU.:;!6$ D MO Christopher Bond ."')llO ',J7l,lOOi '.l1A.... 11 .... 101,98.5 76,lCX1 74.1" 6,7.50 88,lCX1 1000,CXlO ".... ,...... a~" " .,110.1D l,IU.4(M "'" 1,0434,340 "'...... MO John Danforth ....m ".m 33,lCX1 ...... 113,361 10'7,140 ..",., ...... 66,700 140,175 111,210 17],.574 MT MaxBaucus 3,1J7!5,4n '' "',110 1,,",,33 '...... 101.10'7 ..., 111,1" "'.... 170.695 14.014 ., .... 100,750 ,"'".. MT Conrad Bunu '...... '" 251"" 367.... ,,~ o ".> Jeff Bingaman .,.. 4.163,176 "",..,. 1,)9061' 109,199 119,m 133..., 22,800 NM "'.... %24,14' "" ...... ".'" "'87 ")01 ".'" "309 NM Pete DOI7IDIki .... 2,4,..219 1,211,tn "~4S7 ...... 42,2]0 WI Bob Kasten 11 ... 4,OOJ,62] ..,...,. 11],170 1'1.43t , 117,460 190.150 "'.227 '>1"" 01"" ...,. ."'" "..., WI HerbKohl .... ,..,.,.. ]09,07' ..... , ..... , , , , , , , WY Aian Simpson .~" l,67o.gZ7 "..... 7S7,496 ...... 11 .... 119.000 63,750 ]1,37' 66.706 71.000 .~ WY Malcolm Wallop .... 1,599,750 ,...... 1,492,16] ",71l 2,1X)O 71,16l 192,69] ".000 ](1,750 '1.477 7],7]8 113,48' 21 NATIONAL POLITICAL AWARENESS TEST The National Political Awareness Test (NPAT) is designed to complement the information that Project Vote Smart has on candidates for federal office. It is but one part of the "job application" that candidates are asked to complete. The NPAT is designed to give voters an idea of how the candidates will approach actual issues if they are elected. The issue areas were chosen because they are issues that the candidate will likely face if he/she is elected. This was determined through examination of 1) presidential State of the Union addresses, 2) congressional agendas and, 3) public opinion polls. The issues covered are: taxes, nation al debt, trade, program spending, un employment, defense/SOl, the former Soviet Union, affirmative action, health care, education, drugs, AIDS, home lessness, Middle East, environment, abortion, and anti-crime/gun control. All general election candidates for Congress, including registered third party candidates, will be asked to com plete the NPAT. This includes each House of Representative race and this year's Senate races. The Presidential NPAT has already been sent to presi dential candidates and the Gubernato rial NPAT to candidates in the states that have gubematorial races. ;. \ 22 The following questionnaires have been excerpted from tha Netional Political Awareness Test on the Issues of , AIDS, Drugs, Crime, Education, Envlronmsnt, Health Care, Homelessness, and NatIonal DebtlProgram Spending. Choose at least one Issue that concems you personally and COMPARE YOUR VIEWS WITH THOSE OF THE OTHER CANDIDATESI TAKE THE SAME NATIONAL POLITICAL AWARENESS TEST THAT THE OTHER CANDIDATES HAVE TAKEN (IF THE CANDIDATE HAS RETURNED In. CALL PROJECT VOTE SMART AT 1-800-7B6-6885 TO FIND OUT HOW YOUR ANSWERS COMPARE WITH THEIRS. (Pleasel Dna caller per group.) Be sure you understand tha questions before responding. Research any words or concepts that you don' undetstand. For each question please select tha response and/or responses that most closely correspond to your opinion. Which of the following measures designed to halt the spread of AIDS do you support or oppose? Strongly Support Don' Know Oppose Strongly Support Oppose 1 2 3 4 5 # _ Mandatory disclosure by health and dental workers If Infected with the AIDS virus. _Increased federal funding and support for research. _ Distribution of condoms in public schools. _ Improved sex education program In public schools. _ Encouraging safe sex through sexual abstinence. Other: ______ DRUGS Many measures have been taken to combat the "War on Drugs.' Which of the following, If any, would you support? (You may check off as many as apply.) _'_ Educating people about the dangers of drugs. _ Helping drug addicts overcome their habits. _ Working with foreign govemments to stop the export of drugs to this country. _ Mandatory jail sentences for drug dealers. _ Mandatory jail sentences for drug users. _ Legalization of drugs Other ______ I " 23 CRIME Which of the following antl-crlme measures do you support or oppose? Strongly Support Don't Know Oppose Strongly Support Oppose 1 " 2 3 4 5 #_0 A'maridatory waiting period before the purchase of a handgun _ Aban on the sale and possession of assault-style semi-automatic weapons. _ Increased federal funding for state and local police programs. _ A limitation on habeas corpus appeals for death row inmates. _ Expansion of the number of federal crimes punishable by death. _ Allowing prisoners to challenge their death sentences on racial grounds. Other~ ______ EDUCATION If elected, which of the following proposals designed to Improve our nation's public education system would you support? (You may check off as many as apply.) _ Increased federal funding _ Increased state and local funding _ Improved teacher recruitment and training , Revised curriculum and standards _ Increased testing " , _0 No majOr changes necessary at this time _ Other______-'- ______ What Is your opinion about a 'choice' or 'vouchers' program"where parents would be permitted to send their children to the public, parochial or private school of their choice and use state and local tax dollars to pay for it? (Please circle your response.) Strongly Support Don't Know Oppose Strongly Support Oppose 1 2 3 4 5 24 ENVIRONMENT What is your opinion of the following environmental issues? Strongly Support Don't Know Oppose Strongly Support Oppose 1 2 3 4 5 # _ Opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil exploration. _ Amending the Clean Water Acfs section on wetlands to provide landowners with greater rights. _ Reauthorization of The Endangered Species Act in its current form. _ Requiring at least half of all municipal garbage to be recycled by the year 2000. HEALTH CARE At least 34 million Americans do not have hea~h insurance. 00 you consider this to be a problem, YES or NO (circle one). If so, please note which of the following proposals you favor. (You may check off more than one response.) _ Elimination of private insurance in favor of a program administered by the federal govemment and run by the states, similar to the health care system In Canada _ Offering tax incentives to all small employers in return for guaranteed hea~h Insurance coverege of all employees and their families _ Additional funding for and expansion of Medicare and Medicaid _ Creation of a fund deSigned to provide health insurance to the unemployed and supported by additional tax levies on large empl!>yers , _ A system of tax credits and vouchers to provide hea~h insurance for the working poor and people of moderate income _ No reform necessary at this time Other______b. The cost of health care In America has become extremely expensive; each day $2 billion Is spent In the United States on health care, making it prohibitively expensive for many Americans, even those who have Insurance. If you are elected in 1992, which of the following cost reforms, If any, will you support? _ Emphasis on preventive care _ Revising the way medical malpractice claims are handled _ Providing Incentives for Individuals who enroll In group hea~h plans _ Changing administrative requirements such as claim forms and reporting standards j 25 _ No reforms are necessary at this time Other,______ HOMELESSNESS Which of the following suggestions designed to address the problem of the homeless would you support? (You may check off more then one response.) _ Providing better mental health facilities. _ Providing better substance abuse programs. _ Providing more affordable housing. _ Doing nothing beyond the present system. Other ______ NATIONAL DEBT If elected, how will you confront the issue of the national debt? (You may select more than one response.) r Reduce governmental defense spending Reduce governmental domestic spending Ralse personal income taxes for all citizens Raise personal income taxes on citizens with incomes over $100,000 Raise corporate taxes Creata a value-added tax Impose lUXUry taxes Do nothing at the present time. Other______b. If you answered "reduce governmental spending" in response to the previous question, please list the general program areas where sevings to the government will be the most significant. 26 u.s. Political Parties NOTES The first political party in the United States was the Federalist Party. It began in 1789 when George Washington was elected to his first term. Our first President won the popular vote in eleven states and was unanimously elected by the Electoral College. (Although there were 13 states, North Carolina and Rhode Island had not yet ratified the Constitution.) The Fed eralist party existed for about 25 years and gradually died out because it did not win another Presidential election after John Adams' victory in 1797. The oldest political party in the United States is the Democratic party. It was founded by Thomas Jefferson and was first known as the Democratic-Republican Party. By Andrew Jackson's election in 1828 it had become a fixture in American politics, as later did the Republican Party, which started in 1856 as a minor party. As a res.ult of a three-way split in the Demo-cratic Party In 1860, Abraham Uncoln became the only minor party candidate in American History to win an election. From that time on, the Republicans have shared equal billing with the Democrats as our major parties. Between 1778 and 1992 there have been 18 Democratic Presidents, 17 Republican Presidents, 4 Whigs, and 2 Federalists. The Democrats have served for 104 years, Republicans for 80, Whigs for 8, and Federalists for 12, for a total of 204 years. 27 LEARNING ACTIVITIES 8) Conduct a survey of parents and friends about negative campaign ads and how they influence voters' attitudes about the whole 1) Watch at least two televised political election process. commercials on candidates for U.S. Senate from your state. Check the accuracy and credibility of claims made in the ads by checking "Hard Card" DISCUSSION TOPICS infonnation from the Voter's Self-Defense Manual. 1) Debate the present campaign system. Proposition: The present campaign system 2) Study the history of polling and its use serves the public's need to learn the truth as an analysis tool for tailoring candidates' about the candidates. "Images" and political campaign strate gies. 2) What are some "voter's self-defense" strategies suggested by the Voter's Self 3) Interview a parent or older person and Defense Manual? Do you think they would ask about the changes In presidential be effective? Why or why not? Can you elections that they have seen in their think of others? lifetime. Do they vote? If yes, .why? If no, why not? 3) Tracking candidates: what should you look for and "look out" for? 4) Write an essay about what could be done to attract and include more Ameri 4) What is the role and responsibility of cans in public dialogue about political citizens, media, and elected officials in candidates and issues. securing a strong democracy? 5) Research U.S. voting trends over the past 20 years. What are considered the main causes of the decline in voter parti cipation? 6) View and discuss at least two televised political campaign ads. This time refer to issues raised in the Voter's Self-Defense Manual, e.g., "meat to mush" ratio. 7) Report on an "Ad-Watch" ·or "Truth Test" In which a local or national TV news program analyzes a political ad for accuracy and truthfulness. Explain what Impact (if any) you think "Ad-Watches" have on the candidates. 28 SCORING A POUTICAL DEBATE Use to evaluate each candidate's perfonnance at debate. Did the candidate: Circle one talk about the issue(s) directly? YES NO offer good solutions? YES NO use rational arguments? YES NO (rather than emotional appeals) know the facts? YES NO listen and respond directly to questions? YES NO know his opponent's position? YES NO SCORE (Totals): __YES __,NO ISSUES ASSESSMENT CHART Your ISSUE The Candidate Priority Whose Position Number is Most Like Yours AIDS Drugs Crime Education Environment Health Care Homelessness National Debt Unemployment Trade Taxes Defense Abortion Middle East Conflict Campaign Finance Child Care 29 EXERCISE YOUR RIGHT Project Vote Smart has created a ten minute videotape called Exercise Your Right with Edward James Olmos and The Disposable Heroes of Hiphoprisy that encourages you to make a difference by , voting. Exercise Your Right provides Information about why it is important to participate and what tools are available through Project Vote Smart to help you ) make informed choices. Discussion QuestIons for VIdeotape t 1) What effect, if any, do 'celebrities' like Edward James Olmos and Disposable Heroes have on the attitudes of young people? How do you feel about celebrities endorsing presidential candidates? 2) How would things be different if young people voted in significant numbers? Would candidates be more likely to address issues of concem to you? 3) What would convince you to go to the polls and vote? 4) Would you like it if more young people ran for office? Would you be more likely to vote? 5) What are the issues that directly concern you? Are the candidates talking about them? Are they offering solutions that make sense to you? 6) How can one person make a difference by voting? 30 GLOSSARY Representatives and U.S. Absentee a way people can vota when Senators. In all but two states, Voting they can't get to their polling the candidate who recalves the placa. They vote on a special plurality of popular vote In the form and mail it. state recalves JIJl of its Baiting tormenting or teasing by saying electoral votes. annoying or cruel things Emotion a strong feeling. Bias a leaning In favor of or against Feature News a story that could be broadcast something or someone; on any day; it Is usually meant partiality or prejudice. to be Instructive and enter- Campaign a series of planned actions for talnlng, or to provide In-depth gettIng someone elected. background to hard news Candidate a person who seeks, or who stories. has been suggested for, an Federal of or describing a union of office or award. states having a central Citizen a person who Is a member of a government or pertaIning to countrY or state; citizens have that govemmenl certain duties and rights. Franchise the constitutional right to vote. Congressional a political subdivision In which Get-out-The Vote efforts to encourage people to District (CD) the nation Is divided for the vote on Election Oay. purposas of electing U.S. G.O.P. letters that stand for Grand Old Representatives. Party, the nickname of the Each dIstrict contains about Republican party. 570,000 people. Grassroots common citizens' Involvement. -Constituency all the voters of a particular Gubernatorial the selection of a govemor by a district Election state's voters. Constituent having the right to vote or elect; Hard News a story that reports the events any of the voters represented of the day. It Is timely, factual by a particular Official and meant to Inform. Debate face-to-face discussion of Hype slang for political ads, e.g., candidates' views on Issues. slick short TV commercials. Democracy government by the people, Incumbent a person now holding an office. through free and frequent Independent a candidate not belonging to elections. Candidate one of the major political Editorial expressed opinions Intended to parties. persuade viewers and listaners Issues Problems, Ideas to be by taking a side. talked about, questioned, Election the process whereby eligIble decIded upon and voted on. persons vote to determine who landslide an election In which one will hold a political offICI. candidate defeats the other by Election Day the day reserved for people to a huge margin. vote. In general elections, it Is Major a reference to the fact that by traditIon the first Tuesday Political throughout most of our history after the first Monday In Party/Two we have had two major political November. Primary elections Party System parties,eachrepresenting are also usually held on broad consansual agreements Tuesdays. on the Issues of the day. Electoral a group of people chosen by Manipulate to manage or control In a College the voters of each state clever or unfair way. to formally elect the U.S. -Mudslinging negative, often personal, President and Vice President. frequently Inaccurate or Each state has as many exaggerated attacks of electors as it does U.S. opposition. i, 31 Network a national system of radio or ADDITIONAL RESOURCES television stations that Materials for Classroom/Study Groups frequently carry the same Discussion of Public Issues programs simultaneously. Choices for 21st Century Educational Project, Nominee the person that a political party Center for Foreign Policy Development, Brown names, or nominates, to University, P.O. Box 1948, Providence, RI 02912, • ' 's. represent It In a general election. (404) 863-3155 Non-partisan not supporting or controlled by . , Free curriculum available on 'The Role of the . - , .~: . - ,. ~... .-. . a group or cause. U.S. In a Changing World' and low cost ", Partisan' - a strong, often emotional reproducible curriculum units on current foreign supporter of a person or policy Issues. cause; can apply to a group as well as Individuals. CRADLE, Center for Research and Development In Party a group of people who join Law Related Education, Wake Forest University together because they share Law School, P.O. Box 7206,Reynolda Station, many Ideas about what the Winston-Salem, NC 27109, (800) 437-1054 , ' govemment should do. , ,\ Political Action an organization of 50 or more ' Exercise Democracy, Education for Citizenship, -:' Committee (PAC) 'people that is created to raise 2636 North Venice Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85712, • , money for favored political (602) 327-4824 candidates and is registered Free copies of Doing the Right Thing, a with the Federal Election discussion guide to making a difference through Commission (FEC). A PAC ethical decision making. may be formed by any group, Including businesses, labor Maverick Institute, P.O. Box 2723, Tucson, AZ ,! '. unions, and special interest 85702-2723, (602) 6,?2-2279 bodies. < • group materials for youth and adults on '. ,Poll a place where votes are cast; ,~tudy , * ..... , water, AIDS, employment, mental health, also refers to a survey to assess public opinion or to b.uilding community, and other community . . ' forecast an election. based issues . PolistaY' a Person or company that researches public opinion. National Issues Forum, 100 Commons Road, Precinct a division of voters by neigh Dayton,OH 45459-2777 (513) 434-7300 " borhoods; smallest political Abridged versions of Issues books on domestic unit In U.S. politics. Cities and Issues prepared and published through a joint ., counties are divided into project of the Kettering Foundation and the precinct polling districts, each Public Agenda Foundation. Low cost books can ,,' '.' ~ ,', containing 200 to 1,000 voters be ordered from KendalVHunt Publishing and'a polling place. • (800) 338-5578. Public of or having to do with the people as a whole. Kids Voting USA, 398 South Mill Avenue, Suite Ratified formal approval by voters or 304, Tempe, AZ 85281 (602) 921-3727. Non-profit, other persons. non-partisan voter education program for K-12. Referendum the legal process of submitting to voters for their approval or The National Student! Parent Mock Election rejection of proposed state or · ," -:. .' Information on the Mock Election may be local laws or constitutional obtained by calling TIme Magazine at 1-800 552- , • ',' - " r' amendments. 8857. For further information about Teacher's , Responsibility' a thing or person that one is Guides to the Elections or other Mock Election • • ~ • 1" supposed to look after, manage, etc. materials and programs, send a 29 cent stamped, Unbiased without favor or blame, self-addressed' envelope to the National Student! objective. Parent Mock Election, P.O. Box 36883, Tucson, Arizona 85740-6883. NON PROFIT ORG. Center for National U.s. POSTAL PERMIT Independence in Politics PAID CORVALUS, OR. 129 NW Fourth St. #204 PERMIT NO. 240 Corvallis, Oregon 97330 r