Digital Realty Telegeography Map V1.3

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Digital Realty Telegeography Map V1.3 Kara Sea Greenland Sea Barents Sea Svalbard Undersea Cable System Bain Bay GREENLAND Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea Amundsen Gulf Amsterdam Global Reach, Local Expertise Quintillion Brussels Greenland Connect North London Bodo-Rost Polar Circle Cable Tverrlinken SWEDEN RUSSIA Norwegian U.S. Sea ICELAND Copenhagen Davis FARICE-1 Celtic Strait Denmark Norse 2021 Strait CANTAT-3 FINLAND Botnia N0R5KE DANICE Viking 2021 CANADA Gulf of SHEFA-2 Stockholm Bothnia RUSSIA AUTA FAROE ISLANDS NORWAY BCS North Pangea Eastern Phase 1 Baltic Ring Light EESF-3 SFS-4 BCS North SFL Greenland Connect Phase 2 BKK Digitek EESF-2 Shelikhova Dublin Denmark-Norway 5 FEC Gulf Gulf of Northern Skagenber Sweden-Estonia TERRA SW Lynn Canal Fiber Lights Alaska Hudson Bay West 2020 Sweden LV-SE 1 -Latvia ESTONIA Labrador GC2 Kattegat 1 Greenland Connect BCS Bering Sea Sea Denmark- East-West Bering Sea Norway 6 BT Highlands Tampnet Interlink LATVIA Kattegat 2 Skagerrak 4 BCS East C-Lion 1 NO-UK DK Seattle, WA 2021 Lanis-3 Rønne-Rødvig NordBalt LITHUANIA NSC Europe GC3 Baltica Sirius N. 2020 Denmark-Poland 2 KetchCan1 2020 BT-MT-1 E-LLAN Northern Virginia Lanis-2 Fehmarn Bält CC-2 2020 GlobalConnect- Germany- Toronto, ON TAT-14 Lanis-1 KPN Denmark 3 Circe Far East Submarine Cable System Emerald Bridge GeoEirgrid UK- Düsseldorf Alaska United West North Netherlands 14 Alaska United East Portland, OR CeltixConnect Sirius BELARUS COBRAcable Atlantic Crossing-1 Pan European Crossing ESAT-2 U.K. NETH. AEC-1 IRELAND ESAT-1 POLAND NorthStar Sea of AKORN New York, NY Havfrue/AEC-2 2020 Concerto Charlotte, NC Solas Farland N. Okhotsk Channel Islands-9 Circe South BELGIUM Frankfurt GTT Atlantic LUX. CZECH UK-Channel Islands-7 REP. GTT Atlantic GERMANY UKRAINE PC-1 INGRID PC-1 Boston, MA GTT Express SLOVAKIA Tata TGN-Pacic Chicago, IL Tata TGN-Pacic Tata TGN-Pacic HUGO KAZAKHSTAN Tata TGN-Pacic UK-Channel Vienna New Cross Pacic Persona Amitie 2022 Islands-8 LIECH. MOLDOVA New Cross Pacic AUSTRIA HUNGARY Hokkaido-Sakhalin Sakhalin-Kuril Islands Trans-Pacic Express Tata TGN-Atlantic FRANCE Trans-Pacic Express SWITZ. SLOVENIA ROMANIA Cable System FASTER St. Pierre and Tata TGN-Atlantic Tata TGN- MONGOLIA FASTER Miquelon Cable Apollo Western Europe Italy-Croatia Kerch Strait Cable Japan-U.S. San Francisco, CA Yellow CROATIA Japan-U.S. PC-1 Tokyo PC-1 Atlantic Crossing-1 ZürichBOSNIA Unity/EAC-Pacic TAT-14 Italy-Monaco Black Unity/EAC-Pacic & HERZ. Georgia-Russia Sea JUPITER 2020 FLAG Atlantic-1 JUPITER 2020 CC4 ITALY SERBIA Caucasus Cable System Pacic Light Cable Network MONT. PLCN PC-1 Tata TGN-Pacic FLAG Atlantic-1 ANDORRA KOS. BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN Hong Kong-Americas 2021 Crosslake CC5 Adria-1 Hong Kong-Americas 2021 Fibre Grace Hopper 2022 GEORGIA sea2shore Apollo IMEWE Italy- BtoBE 2022 N. MAC. RJCN BtoBE 2022 AAE-1 Janna Albania KYRGYZSTAN Osaka MAREA EIG PENBAL-5 Hawk ALB. PORTUGAL ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN Dunant 2020 Balalink SeaMeWe-5 GWEN ACE 2Africa 2023 2Africa Tata TGN-Western Europe SeaMeWe-3 FLAGEurope-Asia GLO-1 Flores-Corvo EuropeIndia Gatway Cable Med SeaMeWe-4 Italy-Greece 1 Sea of NORTH JIH Atlanta, GA Trapani- Malta-Italy Janna TURKEY TURKMENISTAN KOREA SPAIN ORVAL Kelibia Interconnector GREECE MedNautilus TAJIKISTAN Yellow Japan VMSCS Caspian Sea (East Sea) Atlas Italy-Malta Jonah Sea ACE Aphrodite 2 Japan-U.S. Gemini Bermuda AFOS Oshore ALPAL-2 Turcyos-1 Seoul GO-1 Silphium Turcyos-2 GlobeNet Seabras-1 Melita 1 SOUTH Dallas, TX UNITED Didon MedNautilus POSEIDON Lev UGARIT KOREA CB-1 HANNIBAL CYPRUS EAC-C2C JAPAN CAM Ring SYRIA KJCN STATES Malta-Gozo 2020 BERYTAR WACS Canalink Equiano 2021 CHINA Italy-Libya CADMOS Southern Cross LEBANON TPE Hawaiki BRUSA Columbus-III EllaLink 2021 AFGHANISTAN BERMUDA TUNISIA IRAN Austin, TX MAC Tamares North AAE-1 Okinawa Cellular LFON IRAQ Japan-U.S. GlobeNet PALESTINIAN TERR. Aletar MOROCCO Tobrok- Sargasso Sea SAT-3/WASC Emasaed ISRAEL Pencan-6 JORDAN PAC TE North PCCS Pencan-9 Kuwait-Iran SEA-US TGN-Eurasia KUWAIT Hong Kong TPE MAC Americas-I North Subcan Link 2 ALGERIA SEACOM MENA/GBI FALCON MEXICO Gulf of Mexico Alexandros GBI PAKISTAN NEPAL Asia-America Gateway Columbus-II b CBUS Subcan Link 1 PEACE 2021 Japan-U.S. Fiber Optic Network Marseille NCP GlobeNet Canalink FOG Tata TGN Gulf AJC MAC TRANSCAN-3 UAE-Iran BHUTAN APCN-2 EAC-C2C Southern Cross Bahamas 2 Seabras-1 AAE-1 OMRAN/EPEG Taiwan Strait MOC Americas-II Express POI Curie ATLANTIC EGYPT SAUDI ASE/Cahaya Malaysia PACIFIC SAm-1 LIBYA BAHRAIN Cross Straits Miami, FL EIG QATAR FLAG/REACH NAL Southern Cross NEXT 2022 Gulf of GlobeNet WESTERN Transworld Cable Network California ARCOS ARABIA Qatar-UAE BANGLADESH BICS SAHARA Paris Cable BAHAMAS UNITED ARAB TAIWAN CFX-1 EMIRATES Paniolo Gulf of SeaMeWe-3 INDIA HONG KONG Tata TGN-Intra Asia Japan-U.S. CUBA BDSNi SeaMeWe-4 SJC OCEAN Tata TGN-PacicJGA-N OCEAN MACAU HICS Mexico GTMO-1 EIG VIETNAM Asia-America Gateway Cayman-Jamaica SAS-2 IMEWE Hainan-Hong Kong 2020 GTMO-PR GBI/MENA MYANMAR SEA-US U.S. Los Angeles, CA SAS-1 SeaMeWe-5 HIFN Fibralink SMPR-1 Madrid Tata TGN-Gulf LAOS ALBA-1 MAURITANIA SeaMeWe-4 FEA HT Antillas 1 SeaMeWe-3 JUPITER 2020 Cabo Verde Telecom EASSy GOKI LCMSSCS DO FEA OMAN SJC SEUL PR Domestic Submarine Cable AAE-1 APCN-2 Phase 1 FALCON AMX-1 Phase 2 PEACE 2021 AAG JAMAICA MALI SEACOM/Tata TGN-Eurasia Bay of Hong Kong-Guam 2021 Maya-1 NIGER FALCON AAE-1 BELIZE East- SAm-1 CAPE AMX-1 ALBA-1 SCF CHAD SeaMeWe-5 Bengal APG ASE PLCN Asia-America Gateway West VERDE ERITREA 2020 Phoenix, AZ PCCS YEMEN SEACOM/ Asia-America Gateway GUATEMALA CFX-1 Phase 3 SUDAN THAILAND Atisa Mariana- PAC Pan Tata TGN-Eurasia HONDURAS American SENEGAL Guam SEA-US AMX-1 Alonso de Ojeda SHARE 2021 BURKINA G2A SeaMeWe-4 Converge ICT 2021 Curie Jerry Newton ECFS GAMBIA Chennai-Andaman Philippine EL SALVADOR Amerigo FASO CAMBODIA NICARAGUA Monet Arabian BBG Vespucci CARCIP Sea GUAM Houston, TX SAIT GUINEA DJIBOUTI Sea i2icn DFON AAG MCT FEA APCN-2 Southern Cross NEXT 2022 X BISSAU GUINEA Tata TGN-Tata Indicom COSTA RICA - BENIN TGN-IA HANTRU-1 ARCOS Link SRI PHILIPPINES NIGERIA SeaMeWe-3 EAC-C2C SEA-US ECLink Boracay- LANKA Palawa- Venezuela TOGO Palawan Suriname- Bharat Lanka Iloilo NDTN Festoon CÔTE Chuuk-Pohnpei PANAMA Guyana Kanawa SIERRA SOUTH SUDAN Cable System Sulu SAC GHANA Hawaiki Americas-II LEONE D’IVOIRE Querétaro VENEZUELA CENTRAL ETHIOPIA FALCON SeaMeWe-5 Sea PALAU TIS MICRONESIA Southern Cross GlobeNet SKR1M MARSHALL GUYANA Glo-2 2020 AFRICAN REP. Dhiraagu FLAG Europe-Asia LIBERIA CAMEROON SeaMeWe-3 PPC-1 ISLANDS Telstra Endeavour NCSCS MSC 2020 Southern Cross Mombassa BRUSA BBG SKR1M BRUNEI Celebes JGA-S AJC FRENCH ACE EASSy TEAMS East-West Pacic Cable 2020 SURINAME Atlantis-2 SEACOM Dhiraagu AAE-1 GUIANA Ceiba-1 Palapa Ring Middle GLO-1 SOMALIA DARE PEACE2020 2021 -SLT Sea SAm-1 2Africa 2023 COLOMBIA Ceiba-2 MALDIVES MIST 2022 Dumai-Melaka SEAX-1 TSCS EllaLink 2021 SAT-3/WASC MALAYSIA IGG BaSICS Main One EQ.GUINEA UGANDA Mandji Fiber Optic Cable 2020 BDM KENYA NaSCOM SING. 2021 Palapa RingWest JaKa2LaDeMa WACS Batam-Rengit Libreville-Port Gentil B3JS Equiano 2021 SAO TOME PGASCOM JAKABARE GABON Matrix LTCS Kumul SAIL 2Africa 2023 AND PRINCIPE ECUADOR Ultramar GE RWANDA Domestic Cable Tanjun Pandan-Sungai Kakap Palapa Ring Middle Honotua SBCS SMPCS CONGO DEM. REP. Packet-1 BURUNDI SEYCHELLES Palapa Ring East OF CONGO IGG JAKASUSI SEAS Java PAPUA TANZANIA SJJK S-U-B Banda Sea NEW Nairobi Sea Palapa Ring Middle Pacic CableSAm-1 2020 SAC Pan American GUINEA Link 3 Palapa Ring East Solomon Tokelau PACIFIC SACS JAYABAYA Link 1 Phase-1 SOLOMON 2021 BRAZIL JBCS Phase-1 SMPCS Sea ISLANDS Fortaleza Singapore Packet-2 Link 2 Phase-2 MKCS EAST TIMOR PNG PERU JaKa2LaDeMa Arafura LNG Comoros Domestic SAFE Timor COMOROS Cable System XL Bali Sea Sea OCEAN Avassa INDONESIA Lombok LION2 SAMOA NATITUA MALAWI ANGOLA CSCS CSCS AMERICAN FLY-LION3 APNG-2 PPC-1 SAMOA SAC Equiano 2021 Oman Australia Cable (OAC) 2021 Gulf of VANUATU Samoa– BRUSA Monet Curie Rio de Janiero Carpentaria SAm-1Pan AmericanIWG ZAMBIA American GlobeNet GlobeNet Atlantis-2 Seabras-1 Samoa EllaLink 2021 Coral ST. HELENA Tui-Samoa Sea Brazilian Australia-Singapore Cable North West BOLIVIA Interchange FIJI Festoon SAm-1 AMX-1 2Africa 2023 Equiano 2021 WACS SAT-3/WASC ACE 2020 MOZAMBIQUE Indigo-West JGA-S AJC TDCE FR. POLYNESIA LION ZIMBABWE MAURITIUS INDIAN SeaMeWe-3 NEW Tonga Cable São Paulo CALEDONIA Tonga MARS Cable NAMIBIA Picot-1 SAC Pacic Cable 2020 Mozambique MADAGASCAR TONGA Manatua Southern Cross Channel REUNION SAm-1 PARAGUAY Junior BOTSWANA OCEAN CHILE Telstra Endeavour Prat AUSTRALIA Southern Cross Gondwana-1 ESWATINI METISS 2020 Carrier Density Top 30 Metro Areas Southern Cross NEXT 2022 Legend SAC SAFE Tannat SAm-1 Sydney Frankfurt Atlantis-2 Paris Los Angeles LESOTHO Malbec 2020 SOUTH Serviced metro area AFRICA Amsterdam Chicago Phoenix Control Hub ARGENTINA Hawaiki New York Dusseldorf Singapore URUGUAY Melbourne Data Hub Great Australian Bight Seattle Stockholm Sao Paulo Bicentenario Network Hub Unisur Southern Cross Tasman Global Access 2Africa 2023 Indigo-Central Marseille Dallas Miami SAFE Submarine cable near serviced metro area Other submarine cable Atlanta San Francisco Charlotte Bass Strait-1 Santiago Bass Strait-2 Planned submarine cable Basslink Brussels Copenhagen Houston Tasman Sea Vienna Dublin Hong Kong Segunda FOS Aqualink Canal de Chacao Submarine cables depicted on the main projection include all active international NEW ZEALAND and domestic telecommunications submarine cables. In-service cables have an London Zurich Sydney announced ready for service date by September 2020.
Recommended publications
  • Issue 23 November 2005 1 Submarine Telecoms Forum Is Published Bi-Monthly by WFN Strategies, L.L.C
    DDefenseefense & Non-traditionaNon-traditional CableCable SystemsSystems – 4th4th AnnAnniiversaryversary IssueIssue November 2005 Issue 23 1 Submarine Telecoms Forum is published bi-monthly by WFN Strategies, L.L.C. The publication may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form, in whole or in part, without the Exordium permission of the publishers. NNovember’sovember’s iissuessue mmarksarks ourour ffourthourth aanniversarynniversary inin publishingpublishing SubmarineSubmarine TelecomsTelecoms Forum,Forum, andand thoughthough tthngshngs sstilltill aaren’tren’t aass rrosyosy aass theythey werewere inin thethe “build“build itit andand theythey willwill come”come” era,era, nornor willwill theythey probablyprobably everever Submarine Telecoms Forum is an independent com- bbee – tthingshings aarere stillstill ccertainlyertainly mmuchuch improved.improved. mercial publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for professionals in industries connected with submarine optical TThehe ffewew pprinciplesrinciples wwee establishedestablished inin thethe beginning,beginning, wewe continuecontinue toto holdhold dear.dear. WeWe promisedpromised then,then, andand fi bre technologies and techniques. ccontinueontinue ttoo ppromiseromise yyou,ou, oourur rreaders:eaders: Liability: while every care is taken in preparation of this 11.. TThathat wwee wwillill pproviderovide a wwideide rrangeange ooff iideasdeas aandnd iissues;ssues; publication, the publishers cannot be held responsible for the 22.That.That wwee wwillill sseekeek ttoo iincite,ncite, eentertainntertain
    [Show full text]
  • Telecommunications/Icts for Rural and Remote Areas Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 Telecommunications/Icts for Rural and Remote Areas
    ITUPublications International Telecommunication Union Study period 2018-2021 Development Sector Study Group 1 Question 5 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote areas Study period 2018-2021 Telecommunications/ICTs for rural and remote: Output Report on ITU-D Question 5/1 for the study period 2018-2021 ISBN 978-92-61-34591-4 (Electronic version) ISBN 978-92-61-34601-0 (EPUB version) ISBN 978-92-61-34611-9 (Mobi version) © International Telecommunication Union 2021 International Telecommunication Union, Place des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland Some rights reserved. This work is licensed to the public through a Creative Commons Attribution- Non- Commercial-Share Alike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that ITU endorses any specific organization, product or service. The unauthorized use of the ITU name or logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a transla- tion of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). ITU is not respon- sible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.
    [Show full text]
  • TABLE 7 - Trans-Ocean Fiber Optic Cable Capacity
    TABLE 7 - Trans-Ocean Fiber Optic Cable Capacity Table 7 - Continued - Construction cost sources: Cable Source Trans - Atlantic - Operational: TAT-8 98 FCC 2 nd 447 (1984) PTAT 100 FCC 2 nd 1036 (1985) TAT-9 4 FCC Rcd 1130 (1989) TAT-10 7 FCC Rcd 445 (1992) TAT-11 7 FCC Rcd 136 (1992) TAT-12/13 8 FCC Rcd 4811 (1993) CANTAT-3 www.athens.actinc.bc.ca/ACT/news.oct/cable.html, downloaded 3/10/1997. Columbus II Application, filed on November 10, 1992, File No. ITC-93-029. CANUS-1 n.a. Atlantic Crossing (AC-1) www.submarinesystems.com/tssl/newswire/netherlands.htm, downloaded 12/15/99. Gemini www.cwplc.com/press/1996/p96oct28.htm, downloaded 6/18/1998. Columbus III www.att.com/press/0298/980211.cia.html, downloaded 7/1/1998. Level 3 www.simplextech.com/news/pr990511.html, downloaded 12/01/1999. TAT-14 www.francetelecomna.com/nr/nr_prre/nr_prre_9-2-98_tat.htm, downloaded 12/14/1999. FLAG Atlantic - 1 www.flagatlantic.com/gts_and_flag_131099.htm, downloaded 12/14/1999. Hibernia Atlantic (formerly 360atlantic) www.worldwidefiber.com/html/news_14july1999.html, downloaded 11/29/1999. Tyco Atlantic n.a. Apollo www.techweb.com/wire/story/TWB20010112S0004, downloaded 10/15/2003. Americas - Operational: Americas I Application, filed on November 10, 1992, File No. ITC-93-030 TCS-1 5 FCC Rcd 101 (1990) Taino-Carb 7 FCC Rcd 4275 (1992) BAHAMAS II n.a. Antillas I n.a. Pan American Cable System www.twoten.press.net/stories/headlines/BUSINESS_mci_Cable.html, downloaded 2/27/98. Americas II www.investors.tycoint.com/news/19980302-5261.htm, downloaded 12/15/1999.
    [Show full text]
  • 408 Tomo Cii
    N° 408 TOMO CII OCTUBRE-DICIEMBRE 2019 BOLETÍN DE LA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE LA HISTORIA ה N° 408 0CTUBRE-DICIEMBRE 2019 COMISIÓN DE PUBLICACIONES Dr. Elías Pino Iturrieta Dr. Pedro Cunill Grau Dra. Inés Quintero Montiel Dr. Germán Carrera Damas COMITÉ EDITORIAL Dra. Carole Leal Curiel Dra. Inés Quintero Montiel Dr. Manuel Donís Ríos ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE LA HISTORIA BOLETÍN DE LA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE LA HISTORIA CARACAS-VENEZUELA OCTUBRE-DICIEMBRE 2019 COMPILACIÓN María del Consuelo Andara D. DIAGRAMACIÓN Consuelo Iranzo DEPÓSITO LEGAL ISSN 02547325 ESTA EDICIÓN HA SIDO FINANCIADO BAJO LOS COAUSPICIOS DE LA FUNDACIÓN BANCARIBE PARA LA CIENCIA Y LA CULTURA Y LA ASOCIACIÓN DE AMIGOS DE LA ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE LA HISTORIA. ACADEMIA NACIONAL DE LA HISTORIA CARACAS – VENEZUELA (Fundada el 28 de octubre de 1888) INDIVIDUOS DE NÚMERO I. GUILLERMO MORÓN II. CARLOS F. DUARTE III. MARIO SANOJA OBEDIENTE IV. MARIANELA PONCE V. JOSÉ DEL REY FAJARDO VI. ELÍAS PINO ITURRIETA VII. JOSÉ RAFAEL LOVERA VIII. PEDRO CUNILL GRAU IX. INÉS MERCEDES QUINTERO MONTIEL X. GERMÁN CARRERA DAMAS XI. MARÍA ELENA GONZÁLEZ DELUCA XII. EDGARDO MONDOLFI GUDAT XIII. MANUEL DONÍS RÍOS XIV. MARÍA ELENA PLAZA DE PALACIOS XV. DIEGO BAUTISTA URBANEJA XVI. ROGELIO PÉREZ PERDOMO XVII. TOMÁS STRAKA XVIII. CAROLE LEAL CURIEL XIX. P. LUIS UGALDE, S.J. XX. GUSTAVO VAAMONDE XXI. CATALINA BANKO XXII. REINALDO ROJAS JUNTA DIRECTIVA 2019-2021 DIRECTORA: DRA. CAROLE LEAL CURIEL PRIMER VICE DIRECTOR: DR. EDGARDO MONDOLFI GUDAT SEGUNDO VICE-DIRECTOR: DRA. INÉS QUINTERO MONTIEL VICE DIRECTOR SECRETARIO: DR. GUSTAVO VAAMONDE VICE-DIRECTOR ADMINISTRATIVO: DRA. CATALINA BANKO VICE-DIRECTOR DE PUBLICACIONES: DR.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyta's Telecommunications Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean
    CARRIER SERVICES Cyta’s Telecommunications Hub in the Eastern Mediterranean – a Telecommunications Corridor between Europe and the Middle East By Mr Christos Limnatitis, Manager, National and International Wholesale Market antennas, providing connectivity with major satellite systems such as Intelsat, Eutelsat, SES, Hylas, Thor, AsiaSat and Arabsat. Services offered range from satellite television on a permanent and occasional basis to international telephony, monitoring services, data and internet connectivity. The teleports also offer VSAT services, hosting services to third parties and serve as a video head-end for Cyta’s IPTV offering in the Cyprus market. Cytaglobal is particularly active in the area of international undersea fibre optic cables, providing wholesale products and services on a global basis. Taking advantage of the island’s strategic geographical position, Cytaglobal has developed an extensive undersea fibre optic cable network, which connects Cyprus with its neighbouring countries of Greece, Italy, Israel, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt and thereafter with the rest of the world. This cable network, uses state-of-the-art technology By Mr Christos Limnatitis, and full restoration and diversity and includes the following Manager, National and International Wholesale Market submarine fibre optic cable systems that land in Cyprus, at three separate Cytaglobal cable landing stations, namely yta, the leading telecommunications operator Ayia Napa, Pentaskhinos and Yeroskipos: in Cyprus, provides the full spectrum of ARIEL – a private cable subsystem consisting of a fibre Cadvanced telecommunication products and pair between Cyprus and Israel providing connectivity to services, covering fixed and mobile voice and data Israel and extending beyond to Western Europe through communications, Internet, IPTV, broadband and other existing networks.
    [Show full text]
  • Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem
    Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem: Lessons from Kenya and Nigeria’s Internet Exchange Point Growth By Michael Kende June 2020 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 internetsociety.org 1 Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Table of contents 3 Executive summary 6 Background: A vision for Africa 8 Introduction: How to get there from here 13 Success stories: Kenya and Nigeria today 18 Results that stand the test of time 20 Change factors: Replicable steps toward measurable outcomes 27 Market gaps 29 Recommendations 33 Conclusions 34 Annex A: Kenya Internet Exchange Point 35 Annex B: Internet Exchange Point of Nigeria 36 Annex C: Acknowledgments 37 Annex D: Glossary of terms 38 Annex E: List of figures and tables CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 internetsociety.org 2 Anchoring the African Internet Ecosystem Executive summary In 2010, the Internet Society’s team in Africa set an The rapid pace of Internet ecosystem ambitious goal that 80% of African Internet traffic development in both Kenya and Nigeria since would be locally accessible by 2020. 2012 underscores the critical role that IXPs Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) are key to realizing and the accompanying infrastructure play in this goal in that they enable local traffic exchange and the establishment of strong and sustainable access to content. To document this role, in 2012, the Internet ecosystems. Internet Society commissioned a study to identify and quantify the significant benefits of two leading African This development produces significant day-to-day IXPs at the time: KIXP in Kenya and IXPN in Nigeria. value—the present COVID-19 crisis magnifies one such The Internet Society is pleased to publish this update benefit in the smooth accommodation of sudden of the original study.
    [Show full text]
  • Entity Name Authorization Number Description AT&T Corp. ITC-91-200
    Entity Name Authorization Number Description AT&T Corp. ITC-91-200 Authorization to acquire and operate capacity in 3 Cable Systems-Kuantan-Kota Kinabalu, Brunei- Darussalam- Malaysia-Philippines and Brunei-Singapore for use in providing authorized services between the United States, Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore. AT&T Corp. ITC-9l-206 Authorization to replace capacity in the Florida-Jamaica Cable System for use by its correspondent in providing authorized services between the United States and Panama. Authorization to provide, on an [RU basis, and reacquire capacity in TCS-l. AT&T Corp. lTC-91-206, ITC-91-207 AT&T application for authority to make available facilities in the Trans-Caribbean Cable to INTEL for service to Panama. AT&T Corp. ITC-92-009 Authorization to establish channels of communication via the Intersputnik satellite system for use in providing plivate line services using the 2 E-l circuits which have been granted under the lTC-90-035/l 0 between the United States, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and formerly the U.S.S.R. 25 Entity Name Authorization Number Description AT&T Corp. ITC-92-041 Authorization to acquire and operate capacity TAT-6 Cable System, extended via terrestrial transit facilities to an earth station in France and further extended via an appropriate INTELSAT lOR satellite and to operate capacity between an AT&T earth station on the west coast ofthe u.S. and an INTELSAT POR satellite for use in providing service between the United States and Vietnam. AT&T Corp. ITC-92-053 Authorization to acquire and operate capacity in the China-Japan Cable System for use in providing authorized services.
    [Show full text]
  • In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades Of
    66 n o v voice 2012 of the ISSn 1948-3031 Industry System Upgrades Edition In This Issue: 11 Years All Optical Submarine Network Upgrades of Upgrading Cables Systems? More Possibilities That You Originally Think Of! Excellence Reach, Reliability And Return On Investment: The 3R’s To Optimal Subsea Architecture Statistics Issue Issue Issue #64 Issue #3 #63 #2 Released Released Issue Released Released #65 Released 2 ISSN No. 1948-3031 PUBLISHER: Wayne Nielsen MANAGING EDITOR: Kevin G. Summers ovember in America is the month Forum brand which we will be rolling out we celebrate Thanksgiving. It during the course of the year, and which CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Stewart Ash, is also the month SubTel Forum we believe will further enhance your James Barton, Bertrand Clesca, Dr Herve Fevrier, N Stephen Jarvis, Brian Lavallée, Pete LeHardy, celebrates our anniversary of existence, utility and enjoyment. We’re going to kick Vinay Rathore, Dr. Joerg Schwartz that now being 11 years going strong. it up a level or two, and think you will like the developments . And as always, it will Submarine Telecoms Forum magazine is When Ted and I established our little be done at no cost to our readers. published bimonthly by Submarine Telecoms magazine in 2001, our hope was to get Forum, Inc., and is an independent commercial enough interest to keep it going for a We will do so with two key founding publication, serving as a freely accessible forum for professionals in industries connected while. We had a list of contacts, an AOL principles always in mind, which annually with submarine optical fiber technologies and email address and a song in our heart; the I reaffirm to you, our readers: techniques.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions
    December 2019 Mapping the Information Environment in the Pacific Island Countries: Disruptors, Deficits, and Decisions Lauren Dickey, Erica Downs, Andrew Taffer, and Heidi Holz with Drew Thompson, S. Bilal Hyder, Ryan Loomis, and Anthony Miller Maps and graphics created by Sue N. Mercer, Sharay Bennett, and Michele Deisbeck Approved for Public Release: distribution unlimited. IRM-2019-U-019755-Final Abstract This report provides a general map of the information environment of the Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The focus of the report is on the information environment—that is, the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that shape public opinion through the dissemination of news and information—in the PICs. In this report, we provide a current understanding of how these countries and their respective populaces consume information. We map the general characteristics of the information environment in the region, highlighting trends that make the dissemination and consumption of information in the PICs particularly dynamic. We identify three factors that contribute to the dynamism of the regional information environment: disruptors, deficits, and domestic decisions. Collectively, these factors also create new opportunities for foreign actors to influence or shape the domestic information space in the PICs. This report concludes with recommendations for traditional partners and the PICs to support the positive evolution of the information environment. This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor or client. Distribution Approved for public release: distribution unlimited. 12/10/2019 Cooperative Agreement/Grant Award Number: SGECPD18CA0027. This project has been supported by funding from the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Meeting
    Volume 97 | Number 5 Volume VOLUME 97 NOVEMBER 2017 NUMBER 5 SUPPLEMENT SIXTY-SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING November 5–9, 2017 The Baltimore Convention Center | Baltimore, Maryland USA The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene The American Journal of Tropical astmh.org ajtmh.org #TropMed17 Supplement to The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ASTMH FP Cover 17.indd 1-3 10/11/17 1:48 PM Welcome to TropMed17, our yearly assembly for stimulating research, clinical advances, special lectures, guests and bonus events. Our keynote speaker this year is Dr. Paul Farmer, Co-founder and Chief Strategist of Partners In Health (PIH). In addition, Dr. Anthony Fauci, Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, will deliver a plenary session Thursday, November 9. Other highlighted speakers include Dr. Scott O’Neill, who will deliver the Fred L. Soper Lecture; Dr. Claudio F. Lanata, the Vincenzo Marcolongo Memorial Lecture; and Dr. Jane Cardosa, the Commemorative Fund Lecture. We are pleased to announce that this year’s offerings extend beyond communicating top-rated science to direct service to the global community and a number of novel events: • Get a Shot. Give a Shot.® Through Walgreens’ Get a Shot. Give a Shot.® campaign, you can not only receive your free flu shot, but also provide a lifesaving vaccine to a child in need via the UN Foundation’s Shot@Life campaign. • Under the Net. Walk in the shoes of a young girl living in a refugee camp through the virtual reality experience presented by UN Foundation’s Nothing But Nets campaign.
    [Show full text]
  • Listado De Instituciones De Educación Superior Extranjeras Cuyos Títulos
    TABLA 1.- Listado de Instituciones de Educación Superior Extranjeras cuyos títulos han sido reconocidos por SENESCYT FUENTE: Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior - SNIESE ELABORADO POR: Dirección Nacional de Gestión de la Información - DNGI NOTAS TÉCNICAS: * La infomación tiene fecha corte 17 de diciembre de 2020. Nro.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Conquistadores De México 7 I.—Conquistadores Que Vinieron Con Cortés 34 Mujeres 56 II.—Conquistadores Que Vinieron Con Narváez 57 Mujeres 68 III.—Refuerzos
    MANUEL OROZCO Y BERRA LOS CONQUISTADORES DE MEXICO EDITORIAL PEDRO ROBREDO v\ V Calle de Justo Sierra No. 41 J: México, D. F. 19 3 8 1080017640 EX L I B RI S HEMETHERII VALVERDE TELLEZ Episcopi Leonensis > LOS CONQUISTADORES DE MEXICO MANUEL OROZCO Y BERRA LOS CONQUISTADORES DE MEXICO TN'V'n r i VMIN3D voaionaia EDITORIAL PEDRO ROBREDO Calle de Justo Sierra No. 41 México, D. F. 19 3 8 Capilla Alfonsina Biblioteca Universitari« B'BLIOTECA 33278 VA! V£Í?DE Y TFLLE7 ! i. Cuando Cristóbal Colón presentó en la Península Ibérica las producciones del recién descubierto Nuevo Mundo, y con su entusiasmada y poética imaginación describió los ricos y encantadores países encontrados al medio del Océano, las ima- ginaciones no menos vivas y pintorescas de los españoles se exaltaron, y el ardor nacional tomó el rumbo de las acciones arriesgadas y de las empresas de todo género. Multitud pro- digiosa de hombres dejó su patria, para ir allá muy lejos, en busca de nuevas comarcas, de reinos poderosos, de tesoros in- mensos, y allí enriquecer pronto, ganar fama, y destruyendo a los idólatras, hacer triunfar el culto de la Santa Cruz. Nobles y pecheros siguieron el impulso general, si bien aquellos fueron respectivamente en corto número. La turba de aventureros abandonaba su país confiada y satisfecha, con- tando sólo con su corazón y con su espada. Terminaban en España las porfiadas y sangrientas guerras contra los moros; estaban frescas aún las memorias de las hazañas prodigiosas re- matadas en la Vega de Granada por los cumplidos caballeros cristianos; se admiraban todavía las proezas de los zegries y de los abencerrajes; se enardecía el pueblo con la relación de los sitios y de los combates, abultados y revestidos de formas fantásticas en las tradiciones populares; y el orgullo de la victoria, largo tiempo disputada y por heroicos esfuerzos con- seguida, infundía seguridad en los ánimos y les daba suficien- ' cia.
    [Show full text]