Kara Sea

Greenland Sea Barents Sea

Svalbard Undersea Cable System Ba in Bay GREENLAND

Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea Amundsen Gulf Amsterdam Global Reach, Local Expertise

Quintillion

Brussels

Greenland Connect North London Bodo-Rost Polar Circle Cable Tverrlinken SWEDEN RUSSIA Norwegian U.S. Sea ICELAND Copenhagen Davis FARICE-1 Celtic Strait Denmark Norse 2021 Strait CANTAT-3 FINLAND Botnia N0R5KE DANICE Viking 2021 CANADA Gulf of SHEFA-2 Stockholm Bothnia RUSSIA AUTA FAROE ISLANDS NORWAY BCS North Pangea Eastern Phase 1 Baltic Ring Light EESF-3 SFS-4 BCS North SFL Greenland Connect Phase 2 BKK Digitek EESF-2 Shelikhova Dublin Denmark-Norway 5 FEC Gulf Gulf of Northern Skagen ber Sweden-Estonia TERRA SW Lynn Canal Fiber Lights Alaska Hudson Bay West 2020 Sweden LV-SE 1 -Latvia ESTONIA Labrador GC2 Kattegat 1

Greenland Connect BCS Bering Sea Sea Denmark- East-West Bering Sea Norway 6 BT Highlands Tampnet Interlink LATVIA Kattegat 2 Skagerrak 4 BCS East C-Lion 1 NO-UK DK Seattle, WA 2021 Lanis-3 Rønne-Rødvig NordBalt LITHUANIA NSC Europe GC3 Baltica Sirius N. 2020 Denmark-Poland 2 KetchCan1 2020 BT-MT-1 E-LLAN Northern Virginia Lanis-2 Fehmarn Bält CC-2 2020 GlobalConnect- Germany- Toronto, ON TAT-14 Lanis-1 KPN Denmark 3 Circe Far East Submarine Cable System Emerald Bridge GeoEirgrid UK- Düsseldorf Alaska United West North Netherlands 14 Alaska United East Portland, OR CeltixConnect Sirius BELARUS COBRAcable Atlantic Crossing-1 Pan European Crossing ESAT-2 U.K. NETH. AEC-1 IRELAND ESAT-1 POLAND NorthStar Sea of AKORN New York, NY Havfrue/AEC-2 2020 Concerto Charlotte, NC Solas Farland N. Okhotsk Channel Islands-9 Circe South BELGIUM Frankfurt GTT Atlantic LUX. CZECH UK-Channel Islands-7 REP. GTT Atlantic GERMANY UKRAINE PC-1 INGRID PC-1 Boston, MA GTT Express SLOVAKIA Tata TGN-Paci c Chicago, IL Tata TGN-Paci c Tata TGN-Paci c HUGO KAZAKHSTAN Tata TGN-Paci c UK-Channel Vienna New Cross Paci c Persona Amitie 2022 Islands-8 LIECH. MOLDOVA New Cross Paci c AUSTRIA HUNGARY Hokkaido-Sakhalin Sakhalin-Kuril Islands Trans-Paci c Express Tata TGN-Atlantic FRANCE Trans-Paci c Express SWITZ. SLOVENIA ROMANIA Cable System FASTER St. Pierre and Tata TGN-Atlantic Tata TGN- MONGOLIA FASTER Miquelon Cable Apollo Western Europe Italy-Croatia Kerch Strait Cable Japan-U.S. San Francisco, CA Yellow CROATIA Japan-U.S. PC-1 Tokyo PC-1 Atlantic Crossing-1 ZürichBOSNIA Unity/EAC-Paci c TAT-14 Italy-Monaco Black Unity/EAC-Paci c & HERZ. Georgia-Russia Sea JUPITER 2020 FLAG Atlantic-1 JUPITER 2020 CC4 ITALY SERBIA Caucasus Cable System Paci c Light Cable Network MONT. PLCN PC-1 Tata TGN-Paci c FLAG Atlantic-1 ANDORRA KOS. BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN Hong Kong-Americas 2021 Crosslake CC5 Adria-1 Hong Kong-Americas 2021 Fibre Grace Hopper 2022 GEORGIA sea2shore Apollo IMEWE Italy- BtoBE 2022 N. MAC. RJCN BtoBE 2022 AAE-1 Janna Albania KYRGYZSTAN Osaka MAREA EIG PENBAL-5 Hawk ALB. PORTUGAL ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN Dunant 2020 Balalink SeaMeWe-5 GWEN

ACE 2Africa 2023 2Africa Tata TGN-Western Europe SeaMeWe-3 FLAGEurope-Asia GLO-1 Flores-Corvo EuropeIndia Gatway Cable Med SeaMeWe-4 Italy-Greece 1 Sea of NORTH JIH Atlanta, GA Trapani- Malta-Italy Janna TURKEY TURKMENISTAN KOREA SPAIN ORVAL Kelibia Interconnector GREECE MedNautilus TAJIKISTAN Yellow Japan VMSCS Caspian Sea (East Sea) Atlas Italy-Malta Jonah Sea ACE Aphrodite 2 Japan-U.S. Gemini Bermuda AFOS Oshore ALPAL-2 Turcyos-1 Seoul GO-1 Silphium Turcyos-2 GlobeNet Seabras-1 Melita 1 SOUTH Dallas, TX UNITED Didon MedNautilus POSEIDON Lev UGARIT KOREA CB-1 HANNIBAL CYPRUS EAC-C2C JAPAN CAM Ring SYRIA KJCN STATES Malta-Gozo 2020 BERYTAR WACS Canalink Equiano 2021 CHINA Italy-Libya CADMOS Southern Cross LEBANON TPE Hawaiki BRUSA Columbus-III EllaLink 2021 AFGHANISTAN BERMUDA TUNISIA IRAN Austin, TX MAC Tamares North AAE-1 Okinawa Cellular LFON IRAQ Japan-U.S. GlobeNet PALESTINIAN TERR. Aletar MOROCCO Tobrok- Sargasso Sea SAT-3/WASC Emasaed ISRAEL Pencan-6 JORDAN PAC TE North PCCS Pencan-9 Kuwait-Iran SEA-US TGN-Eurasia KUWAIT Hong Kong TPE MAC Americas-I North Subcan Link 2 ALGERIA SEACOM MENA/GBI FALCON MEXICO Gulf of Mexico Alexandros GBI PAKISTAN NEPAL Asia-America Gateway Columbus-II b CBUS Subcan Link 1 PEACE 2021 Japan-U.S. Fiber Optic Network Marseille NCP GlobeNet Canalink FOG Tata TGN Gulf AJC MAC TRANSCAN-3 UAE-Iran BHUTAN APCN-2 EAC-C2C Southern Cross Bahamas 2 Seabras-1 AAE-1 OMRAN/EPEG Taiwan Strait MOC Americas-II Express POI Curie ATLANTIC EGYPT SAUDI ASE/Cahaya Malaysia PACIFIC SAm-1 LIBYA BAHRAIN Cross Straits Miami, FL EIG QATAR FLAG/REACH NAL Southern Cross NEXT 2022 Gulf of GlobeNet WESTERN Transworld Cable Network California ARCOS ARABIA Qatar-UAE BANGLADESH BICS SAHARA Paris Cable BAHAMAS UNITED ARAB TAIWAN CFX-1 EMIRATES Paniolo Gulf of SeaMeWe-3 INDIA HONG KONG Tata TGN-Intra Asia Japan-U.S. CUBA BDSNi SeaMeWe-4 SJC OCEAN Tata TGN-Paci cJGA-N OCEAN MACAU HICS Mexico GTMO-1 EIG VIETNAM Asia-America Gateway Cayman-Jamaica SAS-2 IMEWE Hainan-Hong Kong 2020 GTMO-PR GBI/MENA MYANMAR SEA-US U.S. Los Angeles, CA SAS-1 SeaMeWe-5 HIFN Fibralink SMPR-1 Madrid Tata TGN-Gulf LAOS ALBA-1 MAURITANIA SeaMeWe-4 FEA HT A ntillas 1 SeaMeWe-3 JUPITER 2020 Cabo Verde Telecom EASSy GOKI LCMSSCS DO FEA OMAN SJC SEUL PR Domestic Submarine Cable AAE-1 APCN-2 Phase 1 FALCON AMX-1 Phase 2 PEACE 2021 AAG JAMAICA MALI SEACOM/Tata TGN-Eurasia Bay of Hong Kong-Guam 2021 Maya-1 NIGER FALCON AAE-1 BELIZE East- SAm-1 CAPE AMX-1 ALBA-1 SCF CHAD SeaMeWe-5 Bengal APG ASE PLCN Asia-America Gateway West VERDE ERITREA 2020 Phoenix, AZ PCCS YEMEN SEACOM/ Asia-America Gateway GUATEMALA CFX-1 Phase 3 SUDAN THAILAND Atisa Mariana- PAC Pan Tata TGN-Eurasia HONDURAS Ame r i can SENEGAL Guam SEA-US AMX-1 Alonso de Ojeda SHARE 2021 BURKINA G2A SeaMeWe-4 Converge ICT 2021 Curie Jerry Newton ECFS GAMBIA Chennai-Andaman Philippine EL SALVADOR Amerigo FASO CAMBODIA NICARAGUA Monet Arabian BBG Ve spucci CA RCIP Sea GUAM Houston, TX SAIT GUINEA DJIBOUTI Sea i2icn DFON AAG MCT FEA APCN-2 Southern Cross NEXT 2022 X BISSAU GUINEA Tata TGN-Tata Indicom COSTA RICA - BENIN TGN-IA HANTRU-1 ARCOS Link SRI PHILIPPINES NIGERIA SeaMeWe-3 EAC-C2C SEA-US ECLink Boracay- LANKA Palawa- Venezuela TOGO Palawan Suriname- Bharat Lanka Iloilo NDTN Festoon CÔTE Chuuk-Pohnpei PANAMA Guyana Kanawa SIERRA SOUTH SUDAN Cable System Sulu SAC GHANA Hawaiki Americas-II LEONE D’IVOIRE Querétaro VENEZUELA CENTRAL ETHIOPIA FALCON SeaMeWe-5 Sea PALAU TIS MICRONESIA Southern Cross GlobeNet SKR1M MARSHALL GUYANA Glo-2 2020 AFRICAN REP. Dhiraagu FLAG Europe-Asia LIBERIA CAMEROON SeaMeWe-3 PPC-1 ISLANDS Telstra Endeavour NCSCS MSC 2020 Southern Cross Mombassa BRUSA BBG SKR1M BRUNEI Celebes JGA-S AJC FRENCH ACE EASSy TEAMS East-West Paci c Cable 2020 SURINAME Atlantis-2 SEACOM Dhiraagu AAE-1 GUIANA Ceiba-1 Palapa Ring Middle GLO-1 SOMALIA DARE PEACE2020 2021 -SLT Sea SAm-1 2Africa 2023 COLOMBIA Ceiba-2 MALDIVES MIST 2022 Dumai-Melaka SEAX-1 TSCS EllaLink 2021 SAT-3/WASC MALAYSIA IGG BaSICS Main One EQ.GUINEA UGANDA Mandji Fiber Optic Cable 2020 BDM KENYA NaSCOM SING. 2021 Palapa RingWest JaKa2LaDeMa WACS Batam-Rengit

Libreville-Port Gentil B3JS Equiano 2021 SAO TOME PGASCOM JAKABARE GABON Matrix LTCS Kumul SAIL 2Africa 2023 AND PRINCIPE ECUADOR Ultramar GE RWANDA Domestic Cable Tanjun Pandan-Sungai Kakap Palapa Ring Middle Honotua SBCS SMPCS CONGO DEM. REP. Packet-1 BURUNDI SEYCHELLES Palapa Ring East OF CONGO IGG JAKASUSI SEAS Java PAPUA TANZANIA SJJK S-U-B Banda Sea NEW Nairobi Sea Palapa Ring Middle Paci c CableSAm-1 2020 SAC Pan American GUINEA Link 3 Palapa Ring East Solomon Tokelau PACIFIC SACS JAYABAYA Link 1 Phase-1 SOLOMON 2021 BRAZIL JBCS Phase-1 SMPCS Sea ISLANDS Fortaleza Singapore Packet-2 Link 2 Phase-2 MKCS EAST TIMOR PNG PERU JaKa2LaDeMa Arafura LNG Comoros Domestic SAFE Timor COMOROS Cable System XL Bali Sea Sea OCEAN Avassa INDONESIA Lombok LION2

SAMOA NATITUA MALAWI ANGOLA CSCS CSCS AMERICAN FLY-LION3

APNG-2 PPC-1 SAMOA SAC Equiano 2021 Oman Australia Cable (OAC) 2021 Gulf of VANUATU

Samoa– BRUSA Monet Curie Rio de Janiero Carpentaria SAm-1 Pan AmericanIWG ZAMBIA American GlobeNet GlobeNet Atlantis-2 Seabras-1 Samoa EllaLink 2021 Coral ST. HELENA Tui-Samoa Sea Brazilian Australia-Singapore Cable North West BOLIVIA Interchange FIJI Festoon SAm-1 AMX-1 2Africa 2023 Equiano 2021 WACS SAT-3/WASC ACE 2020 MOZAMBIQUE Indigo-West JGA-S AJC TDCE FR. POLYNESIA LION ZIMBABWE MAURITIUS INDIAN SeaMeWe-3 NEW Tonga Cable São Paulo CALEDONIA Tonga MARS Cable NAMIBIA Picot-1 SAC Paci c Cable 2020 Mozambique MADAGASCAR TONGA Manatua

Southern Cross Channel REUNION SAm-1 PARAGUAY Junior BOTSWANA OCEAN CHILE Telstra Endeavour

Prat AUSTRALIA Southern Cross Gondwana-1 ESWATINI METISS 2020 Carrier Density Top 30 Metro Areas Southern Cross NEXT 2022 Legend SAC SAFE Tannat SAm-1 Sydney Frankfurt Atlantis-2  Paris  Los Angeles  LESOTHO Malbec 2020 SOUTH Serviced metro area AFRICA Amsterdam  Chicago  Phoenix  Control Hub ARGENTINA Hawaiki New York  Dusseldorf  Singapore  URUGUAY Melbourne Data Hub Great Australian Bight Seattle  Stockholm  Sao Paulo  Bicentenario Network Hub Unisur Southern Cross Tasman Global Access 2Africa 2023 Indigo-Central Marseille  Dallas  Miami  SAFE Submarine cable near serviced metro area Other submarine cable Atlanta  San Francisco  Charlotte  Bass Strait-1 Santiago Bass Strait-2 Planned submarine cable Basslink Brussels  Copenhagen  Houston  Tasman Sea Vienna  Dublin  Hong Kong  Segunda FOS Aqualink Canal de Chacao Submarine cables depicted on the main projection include all active international NEW ZEALAND and domestic telecommunications submarine cables. In-service cables have an London  Zurich  Sydney  announced ready for service date by September 2020. Planned cables include FOS Quellon-Chacabuco those actively under construction. Map does not depict proposed cables that have Madrid  Northern Virginia  Osaka  not announced landings or configuration. Cable routes are stylized and do not reflect physical cable location. This work is based upon sources believed to be reliable, but the publisher does not warrant the accuracy or completeness of any information for any purpose and is not responsible for any errors or omissions.

Fibra Optica Austral

All data included in this map as of June 30th, 2020 2020

ARSAT Internet Exchange Access Virtual Cloud Access Physical Cloud Access Peer with major carriers, content, and wireless networks on a single service platform Multiple connections through multiple service providers from one portal Physical connectivity to leading Cloud Service Providers

Seattle, WA Microsoft Azure Quebec, ON Americas Europe Asia Umtilla, OR Montreal, QC Microsoft Azure AWS Google Cloud Microsoft Azure Copenhagen Portland, OR AWS, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Stockholm AWS Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud DATAIX, NetIX, Netnod Stockholm, SX Fabric Virtual Cloud On-Ramps Broadman, OR Netnod Stockholm Green, SOLIX, STHIX The Dalles, OR Toronto, ON Google Cloud AWS Stockholm Dublin Portland IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud Europe Central (Frankfurt) Stockholm North Europe (Dublin) NWAX Boston, MA Chicago, IL Copenhagen Amsterdam Chicago Boston IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure West Europe (Amsterdam) MASS-IX New York, NY Amsterdam Europe Central (Frankfurt) AMS-IX, ChIX, DRIX, GCIIX New Jersey Microsoft Azure Europe Central (Frankfurt) London DE-CIX, DRIX Tokyo Denver, CO Council Blu s, IA Dublin UK South (London) AWS, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, AWS, Microsoft Azure Google Cloud Europe West (Ireland) San Francisco New York Hillard, OH Frankfurt AMS-IX, SFMIX BigApe, DE-CIX, DRIX, GPIEX, NetIX, NYIIX Copenhagen Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud San Francisco, CA Ashburn, VA London Frankfurt (europe-west-3) Frankfurt Ashburn AWS AWS, Alibaba Cloud, IBM Cloud, DRIX, LINX NoVA, MegaIX DIX, Netnod Copenhagen BLUE, AWS, Microsoft Azure Europe West (London) Germany West Central (Frankfurt) Los Angeles Osaka Las Vegas, NV Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud Paris Netnod Copenhogen GREEN, NL-ix, STHIX Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud Paris MegaIX San Jose, CA Microsoft Azure Washington, DC Europe West (Paris) Alibaba Cloud, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure Atlanta New York, NY Marseille New York, NY Phoenix Europe West (Ireland) Marseille Paris DRIX, Phoenix IX DRIX, CIX-ATL, NetIX Phoenix, AZ US East (Northern Virginia) Nothern Virginia (us-east4) Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud France Central (Paris) Dubai Los Angeles, CA San Francisco Madrid Dallas Microsoft Azure Atlanta, GA Madrid DE-CIX, DRIX, MegaIX Hong Kong Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure US West (Northern California) Northern Virginia Europe Central (Frankfurt) Los Angeles, CA Zürich Dallas, TX Microsoft Azure US East (Northern Virginia) Dublin AWS, Alibaba Cloud, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure Los Angeles (us-west2) Atlanta, GA Switzerland North (Zürich) Miami INEX LAN1, INEX LAN2 IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure Los Angeles, CA Zürich Europe Central (Frankfurt) Zürich FL-IX, MiamiIX Amsterdam Houston, TX US West (Northern California) Zürich (europe-west6) AMS-IX, Asteroid Amsterdam, BBIX, San Antonio, TX Frankfurt GN-IX, NL-ix, NetIX Microsoft Azure Europe Central (Frankfurt) Miami, FL Marseille London Kuala Lumpur Microsoft Azure France South (Marseille) LINX, LONAP, NetIX Dusseldorf Alibaba Cloud Singapore Vienna DE-CIX, ECIX-DUS, NL-ix, OCIX AWS, Alibaba Cloud, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure Americas Europe Central (Frankfurt)

Brussels Singapore BelgiumIX, BNIX, NL-ix MegaIX , SetIX, SGIX Stockholm Frankfurt Jakarta Oslo Microsoft Azure Hamina IBM Cloud Oracle Cloud Community-IX, DATAIX, DE-CIX, ECIX, Alibaba Cloud Google Cloud London GE-CIX, Global-IX, Hopus, KleyRex, LocIX, London (eu-gb) NetIX, NL-ix, OCIX, Peering.cz, STACIX Stockholm Paris Seattle, WA Amsterdam France-IX, SFINX IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure Frankfurt Netherlands Northwest (Amsterdam) Zurich Vienna Toronto, ON Frankfurt (eu-de) New York, NY CHIX-CH, NetIX, SwissIX Commmunity-IX, NetIX, London Fortaleza Peering.cz, SOX Serbia, VIX UK South (London) IX.br San Francisco Northern Virginia Sydney Washington, DC (us-east) Perth AWS, Alibaba Cloud, Dallas, TX Frankfurt Microsoft Azure Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Hong Kong Dallas (us-south) Germany Central (Frankfurt) Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud Atlanta, GA Dublin Chicago, IL AWS, Microsoft Azure US East (Ashburn) Amsterdam Berlin Auckland Microsoft Azure Melbourne Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure Singapore Marseille IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud Microsoft Azure Sao Paulo BBIX, DE-CIX, France-IX, Hopus, NetIX, NL-ix IX.br London Frankfurt AWS, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud AWS, Google Cloud, IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud Los Angeles, CA Rome US West (Phoenix) Namex Rome IXP Paris IBM Cloud, Microsoft Azure São Paulo Zurich Madrid Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure, Oracle Cloud Sydney DE-CIX, ESPANIX, IXPlay Peers, NetIX Geneva Sydney (au-syd) Microsoft Azure Exchange DRIX Asia & Pacific Europe SX Cloud On-Ramp SX Fabric Availability Edge Location Cloud Region and On-Ramp

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