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Synthetic Biology in Australia an Outlook to 2030

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Synthetic Biology in Australia an Outlook to 2030 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY IN AUSTRALIA AN OUTLOOK TO 2030 HORIZON SCANNING i EXPERT WORKING GROUP Professor Peter Gray AO FTSE (Chair) Dr Sue Meek AO FTSE (Deputy Chair) Professor Paul Griffiths FAHA Professor Joseph Trapani FAHMS Professor Ian Small FAA Associate Professor Claudia Vickers Professor Catherine Waldby FASSA © Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA) ISBN 978-0-6483303-0-1 (print) ISBN 978-0-6483303-1-8 (digital) This work is copyright. All material published or otherwise created by the Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA) is licensed under a Creative Commons – Attribution – Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) licence. DATE OF PUBLICATION September 2018 PUBLISHER Australian Council of Learned Academies Level 6, 436 St Kilda Road Melbourne Victoria 3004 Australia Telephone: +61 (0)3 9864 0923 www.acola.org.au SUGGESTED CITATION Gray, P., Meek, S., Griffiths, P., Trapani, J., Small, I., Vickers, C., Waldby, C., and Wood, R. (2018). Synthetic Biology in Australia: An Outlook to 2030. Report for the Australian Council of Learned Academies, www.acola.org.au. REPORT DESIGN Lyrebird [email protected] ii AUTHORS Professor Peter Gray AO FTSE (Chair) Dr Sue Meek AO FTSE (Deputy Chair) Professor Paul Griffiths FAHA Professor Joseph Trapani FAHMS Professor Ian Small FAA Associate Professor Claudia Vickers Professor Catherine Waldby FASSA Supported by Mischa Davenport, Dr Suvi Honkanen, Professor Lars Nielsen, Dean Tyler, Rebecca Wood, and the contributions of many experts throughout Australia as acknowledged in the consultation list. Economics work was supported by Dr John Bell FTSE of ACIL Allen Consulting. PROJECT MANAGEMENT Dr Angus Henderson Dr Lauren Palmer HORIZON SCANNING iii AUSTRALIA’S LEARNED ACADEMIES Australian Academy of the Humanities Australian Academy of Science The Australian Academy of the Humanities The Australian Academy of Science (AAS) is a (AAH) advances knowledge of, and the pursuit private organisation established by Royal Charter of excellence in, the humanities in Australia. in 1954. It comprises more than 500 of Australia’s Established by Royal Charter in 1969, the leading scientists, elected for outstanding Academy is an independent organisation of contributions to the life sciences and physical more than 600 elected scholars who are leaders sciences. The Academy recognises and fosters and experts in the humanities disciplines. science excellence through awards to established The Academy promotes the contribution of and early career researchers, provides evidence- the humanities disciplines for public good based advice to assist public policy development, and to the national research and innovation organises scientific conferences, and publishes system, including their critical role in the scientific books and journals. The Academy interdisciplinary collaboration required to represents Australian science internationally, address societal challenges and opportunities. through its National Committees for Science, and The Academy supports the next generation fosters international scientific relations through of humanities researchers and teachers exchanges, events and meetings. The Academy through its grants program, and provides promotes public awareness of science and its authoritative and independent advice to school education programs support and inspire governments, industry, the media and the primary and secondary teachers to bring inquiry- public on matters concerning the humanities. based science into classrooms around Australia. www.humanities.org.au www.science.org.au Working Together | ACOLA The Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA) combines the strengths of the four Australian Learned Academies: Australian Academy of the Humanities, Australian Academy of Science, Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, and Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering. Academy of Social Sciences in Australia Australian Academy of The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia Technology and Engineering (ASSA) promotes excellence in the social sciences in The Australian Academy of Technology and Australia and in their contribution to public policy. Engineering (ATSE) advocates for a future in which It coordinates the promotion of research, teaching technological sciences and engineering and and advice in the social sciences, promotes national innovation contribute significantly to Australia’s and international scholarly cooperation across social, economic and environmental wellbeing. disciplines and sectors, comment on national needs The Academy is empowered in its mission by some and priorities in the social sciences and provides advice 800 Fellows drawn from industry, academia, research to government on issues of national importance. institutes and government, who represent the Established in 1971, replacing its parent brightest and the best in technological sciences body the Social Science Research Council of and engineering in Australia. Through engagement Australia, itself founded in 1942, the Academy by our Fellows, the Academy provides robust, is an independent, interdisciplinary body of independent and trusted evidence-based advice elected Fellows. The Fellows are elected by their on technological issues of national importance. We peers for their distinguished achievements do this via activities including policy submissions, and exceptional contributions made to the workshops, symposia, conferences parliamentary social sciences across 18 disciplines. briefings, international exchanges and visits and the publication of scientific and technical reports. The Academy is an autonomous, non- The Academy promotes science and maths governmental organisation, devoted education via programs focusing on enquiry- to the advancement of knowledge and based learning, teaching quality and career research in the various social sciences. promotion. ATSE fosters national and international www.assa.edu.au collaboration and encourages technology transfer for economic, social and environmental benefit. www.atse.org.au By providing a forum that brings together great minds, broad perspectives and knowledge, ACOLA is the nexus for true interdisciplinary cooperation to develop integrated problem solving and cutting edge thinking on key issues for the benefit of Australia. ACOLA receives funding from the Australian Government Department of Education and Training. www.acola.org.au HORIZON SCANNING SERIES We live in a time of rapid change, change that is driven by developments in science and technology and challenged by our capacity to adapt in the present and prepare for the future. Commissioned by the Commonwealth Science Council and Australia’s Chief Scientist, Horizon Scanning reports present independent and timely analyses to guide decision-makers through the decade ahead. Horizon Scanning reports by the Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA) draw on the deep disciplinary expertise from within Australia’s Learned Academies to analyse the future, navigate change and highlight opportunities for the nation. As interdisciplinary studies, ACOLA’s reports include economic, social, cultural and environmental perspectives to provide well-considered findings that inform complete policy responses to significant scientific and technological change. This project has been supported by CSIRO and the Australian Government Department of Health. Also in the Horizon Scanning Series The Role of Energy Storage in Australia’s Future Energy Supply Mix Published 2017 The Future of Precision Medicine in Australia Published 2018 vi vii CONTENTS Figures xii Tables xii Boxes xiii Appendices xiii Project aims 1 Executive summary 2 Key findings 6 Introduction 10 Why synthetic biology? 10 Structure of the report 12 Chapter 1: What is synthetic biology? 14 1.1 Introduction 14 1.2 The emergence of synthetic biology 14 1.3 Core features of synthetic biology 17 1.3.1 An engineering approach 17 1.3.2 Interdisciplinarity 20 1.3.3 A focus on applications and problem solving 22 1.4 What is and what isn’t synthetic biology 22 Chapter 2: Synthetic biology in Australia 24 2.1 Introduction 24 2.2 Australia’s position in the global synthetic biology community 24 2.3 Requirements to strengthen the synthetic biology sector in Australia 28 2.3.1 Skills and education 28 2.3.2 Industry translation 32 2.3.3 Infrastructure 33 2.4 Conclusion 41 Chapter 3: Opportunities for Australia in synthetic biology 42 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Market scope and opportunities 43 3.3 Industry and energy 44 3.3.1 Introduction 44 3.3.2 A brief history of industrial biotechnology 44 3.3.3 Microbial cell factories 47 3.3.4 Automated strain engineering 51 3.3.5 BioIndustry 4.0 54 3.3.6 Plant and animal biofactories 54 3.3.7 Industrial biocatalysis 55 3.3.8 Perspective 56 3.3.9 Economic benefits of synthetic biology in industrial biotechnology 58 3.3.10 Prospects for synthetic biology in Australian industry and energy sectors 59 viii 3.4 Agriculture and food production 60 3.4.1 Introduction 60 3.4.2 A brief history of agricultural biotechnology 62 3.4.3 Synthetic biology in the plant context: Engineering more complex traits 63 3.4.4 Livestock engineering 65 3.4.5 Value added food products 66 3.4.6 Food ingredients 67 3.4.7 Pest control 67 3.4.8 Synthetic biology research capabilities in Australian agriculture 68 3.4.9 Economic impacts of synthetic biology on agriculture 68 3.4.10 Prospects for synthetic biology in Australian agriculture 70 3.5 Environment and biocontrol 71 3.5.1 Introduction 71 3.5.2 Biosensing and bioremediation 71 3.5.3
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