S4C: Hanes Ymgyrchu, Sefydlu Ac Adolygu Sianel 1981-1985

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S4C: Hanes Ymgyrchu, Sefydlu Ac Adolygu Sianel 1981-1985 _________________________________________________________________________Swansea University E-Theses S4C: Hanes ymgyrchu, sefydlu ac adolygu sianel 1981-1985. Price, Elain How to cite: _________________________________________________________________________ Price, Elain (2010) S4C: Hanes ymgyrchu, sefydlu ac adolygu sianel 1981-1985.. thesis, Swansea University. http://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42697 Use policy: _________________________________________________________________________ This item is brought to you by Swansea University. Any person downloading material is agreeing to abide by the terms of the repository licence: copies of full text items may be used or reproduced in any format or medium, without prior permission for personal research or study, educational or non-commercial purposes only. The copyright for any work remains with the original author unless otherwise specified. The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder. Permission for multiple reproductions should be obtained from the original author. Authors are personally responsible for adhering to copyright and publisher restrictions when uploading content to the repository. Please link to the metadata record in the Swansea University repository, Cronfa (link given in the citation reference above.) http://www.swansea.ac.uk/library/researchsupport/ris-support/ S4C Hanes ymgyrchu, sefydlu ac adolygu sianel 1981 -1985 Elain Price Cyflwynwyd i Brifysgol Abertawe i gyflawni gofynion Gradd Doethur mewn Athroniaeth Prifysgol Abertawe 2010 ProQuest Number: 10807466 All rights reserved INFORMATION TOALLUSERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Inthe unlikely eventthat the authordid not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.Also, if material had to be removed, a notewill indicate the deletion. uest ProOuest 10807466 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). C opyrightof the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Crynodeb Mae’r astudiaeth hon yn dadansoddi a dehongli hanes sefydlu Sianel Pedwar Cymru (S4C) fel sianel newydd yn nhirlun darlledu Cymru gan drafod, mewn manylder, gyfnod prawf y sianel rhwng 1981-1985. Mae’r astudiaeth yn archwilio paham yr oedd dirfawr angen sianel ar wahân ar gyfer rhaglenni teledu Cymraeg ac yn trafod sut aeth trigolion Cymru ati i’w hennill trwy ddulliau cyfansoddiadol ac anghyfansoddiadol. Prif ffocws y traethawd yw dadansoddi’r hyn a gafwyd yn dilyn yr ymgyrch hirhoedlog i sefydlu S4C, gan holi a sefydlwyd sianel a feddai ar y rhinweddau a ddeisyfwyd gan yr ymgyrchwyr. Mae’r astudiaeth yn ystyried y sialensiau a wynebwyd gan yr Awdurdod newydd, a chan swyddogion a staff y sianel wrth iddynt gynllunio a chyflwyno gwasanaeth teledu Cymraeg cynhwysfawr, y polisîau a ffurfiwyd ganddynt a’r cydberthynasau a saemíwyd gyda’r BBC, HTV, Channel 4 a’r cynhyrchwyr annibynnol. Mae’r traethawd hefyd yn pwyso a mesur ymateb y gynulleidfa i’r gwasanaeth a’r rhaglenni ac yn ystyried sut yr aeth y Swyddfa Gartref ati i adolygu’r sianel ar ddiwedd ei chyfnod prawf ym 1985. Trwy gyfrwng ddadansoddiad manwl o gofnodion y sefydliadau darlledu ym Mhrydain, erthyglau o’r wasg a chyfweliadau gyda nifer o’r unigolion fu’n allweddol i fenter S4C, darlunnir sut y llwyddodd y sianel i newid tirlun darlledu Cymm yn llwyr. Bu’r partneriaethau unigryw a ffurfiwyd rhwng y sianel a’i chynhyrchwyr annibynnol a’r darlledwyr eraill yn fodd o gyflwyno bwrlwm newydd i’r diwydiant darlledu a’r arlwy cyfrwng Cymraeg, bywiogrwydd a fu’n allweddol i lwyddiant y sianel gyda’i chynulleidfa yn ystod y cyfiiod prawf. Amlinellir hefyd sut y llwyddodd swyddogion y sianel weithredu strategaeth a wreiddiodd y sianel yn ddwfn yn ffyniant economaidd Cymm gan ei gwneud yn anodd os nad yn amhosibl ei diddymu wedi tair blynedd o arbrawf. DATGANIAD Nid yw’r gwaith hwn wedi’i dderbyn mewn sylwedd ar gyfer unrhyw radd ac nid yw’n cael ei gyflwyno ar yr un pryd mewn ymgeisyddiaeth ar gyfer unrhyw radd. Llofnod . j . ........................................(ymgeisydd) Dyddiad........................................ 'V................. DATGANIAD 1 Mae’r thesis hwn yn ganlyniad o’m hymchwiliadau fy hun, heblaw lle y nodir fel arall. Ble bynnag y defnyddiwyd gwasanaethau cywiro, nodir i ba raddau y gwnaed hynny a natur y cywiriad yn glir yn y troednodyn/troednodiadau. Cydnabyddir ffynonellau eraill drwy droednodiadau gan roi cyfeiriadau penodol. Mae llyfryddiaeth wedi’i hychwanegu. Llofnod ./.............................................(ymgeisydd) Dyddiad_ ... , ............................................................. DATGANIAD 2 Rhoddaf ganiatâd drwy hyn i’m thesis, os derbynnir ef, fod ar gael i’w lungopi'o ac ar gyfer ei fenthyg rhwng llyfrgelloedd, ac i’r teitl a’r crynodeb fod ar gael i sefydliadau allanol. Llofiiod , ......................................... (ymgeisydd) Dyddiad ?.V.1 V. ............. Cynnwys Cydnabyddiaethau 1 Lluniau 3 Byrfoddau 4 Rhagymadrodd 6 Pennod 1 15 Sianel deledu Gymraeg - cefndir a chyd-destun Pennod 2 82 Deunaw mis o baratoi - dyddiau cynnar Awdurdod Sianel Pedwar Cymru Pennod 3 139 Rhaglenni a darparwyr - perthynas S4C gyda’r BBC, HTV, y cwmnîau teledu annibynnol a Channel 4 Pennod 4 207 Gwireddu’r arbrawf- darllediadau cyntaf ac argraffíadau’r gynulleidfa Pennod 5 248 Mentrau ariannol - sicrhau telerau teg ac ehangu i feysydd newydd Pennod 6 295 Adolygu’r sianel - arolygon bam ac archwiliad y Swyddfa Gartref Casgliadau 341 AtodiadA 361 Aelodau Awdurdod Sianel Pedwar Cymru (1981 - 1985) Atodiad B 362 Cynhyrchwyr annibynnol a dderbyniodd gomisiynau gan S4C, 1981 - 1986 Llyfryddiaeth 365 Cydnabyddiaethau Carwn ddiolch i nifer helaeth o bobl am eu cymorth wrth i mi fynd ati i lunio’r astudiaeth hon. Yn gyntaf oll, hoffwn ddiolch i staff a swyddogion S4C a fu mor barod i ryddhau dogfennau anghenrheidiol ar gyfer yr astudiaeth. Diolchaf yn arbennig i Nia Ebenezer, Carys Evans, Iona Jones, John Walter Jones, Lynette Morris, Kathryn Morris a Jen Pappas am fod mor barod eu cymwynas yn ystod y cyfnod y bûm yn ymweld â’r sianel a thrwy gydol cyfnod yr astudiaeth hon. Dymunaf hefyd ddiolch i nifer o staff BBC Cymru am eu hymateb parod i’m hymholiadau, yn arbennig hoffwn ddiolch i Siôn Brynach, Karl Davies, Edith Hughes, Keith Jones, Yvonne Nicholson a Menna Richards. Hoffwn ddiolch hefyd i James Codd yng Nghanolfan Archifau Ysgrifenedig y BBC am ei gymorth a’i arweiniad yn ystod fy ymweliadau â Caversham. Diolchaf hefyd i Phil Henfrey, Shone Hughes, Owain Meredith a Siôn Clwyd Roberts yn ITV Wales am eu cymorth. Dymunaf hefyd gydnabod y cyngor a’r cymorth a gefais gan staff Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru, Archif Genedlaethol Sgrîn a Sain Cymru, Archif yr ITA/IBA/Cable Authority ym Mhrifysgol Boumemouth a’r Archifau Seneddol yn San Steffan. Bûm yn ffodus iawn i gael cyfarfod a chyfweld â nifer o unigolion a fu’n weithgar ac yn gwbl allweddol i’r diwydiant teledu Cymraeg gydol y 1970au a dechrau’r 1980au. Carwn ddiolch yn ddiffuant i Wil Aaron, Huw H. Davies, Chris Grace, Dr Glyn Tegai Hughes, Geraint Stanley Jones, Huw Jones, Robin Lyons, Mair Owen, y Parch Dr Alwyn Roberts ac Euryn Ogwen Williams am eu hamser, eu hamynedd a’r gefnogaeth hael a gefais ganddynt oll. Cefais gymorth amhrisiadwy gan y diweddar Owen Edwards, a roddodd yn hael o’i amser a’i gefnogaeth ar waethaef cyflwr ei iechyd. Dymunaf hefyd ddiolch yn fawr i arbennigwyr yn y maes a fii mor barod eu cymwynas - Ifan Gwynfíl Evans, John Hefín, Dr Martin Johnes a Kevin Williams a dymunaf ddiolch yn arbennig i Dr Jamie Medhurst am ei arweiniad ac am fod mor barod i fenthyg deunydd. Rwy’n ddyledus iawn i’r Ganolfan Addysg Uwch Cyfrwng Cymraeg am y nawdd i gwblhau’r astudiaeth hon. Hoffwn ddiolch i’r holl staff yno am eu cefnogaeth a’r gynhaliaeth dros y pedair blynedd ddiwethaf. 1 Carwn ddiolch o waelod calon, yn gwbl ddiffuant, i Dr Gwenno Ffrancon am ei hymddiriedaeth, ei harweiniad a’i hamynedd di-ben-draw. Heb ei chyfeillgarwch a’i chefnogaeth hael rwy’n gwbl argyhoeddedig na fyddai’r astudiaeth hon wedi cyrraedd pen ei thaith. I gloi, carwn ddiolch i’m cyfeillion a’m teulu oll, yn enwedig fy rhieni, Goronwy a Beryl, fy mrodyr, Elfyn a Guto, ac yn arbennig fy ngŵr Nick am eu cefnogaeth a’u cariad dros y bedair blynedd ddiwethaf. Diolch i chi o waelod calon. 2 Lluniau Pennod 2 1 Logo S4C: Robinson Lambie-Naim - Hawlfraint S4C 123 2 Logo S4C: Robinson Lambie-Naim - Hawlfraint S4C 125 3 Byrfoddau AGSSC Archif Genedlaethol Sgrîn a Sain Cymru ABS Association of Broadcasting Staffs ACTT Association of Cinematograph, Television and Allied Technicians ADA Awdurdod Darlledu Annibynnol (Independent Broadcasting Authority) AGB Audits of Great Britain ATA Awdurdod Teledu Annibynnol (Independent Television Authority) BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BBFC British Board of Film Classifícation BECTU Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union CBI Confederation of British Industry CDC Cyngor Defnyddwyr Cymru CPGTH Casgliad Personol Dr Glyn Tegai Hughes CPJM Casgliad Personol Dr Jamie Medhurst CS4C Casgliad S4C C4UK Channel 4 UK HTV Harlech Television IBA Independent Broadcasting Authority IMG Intemational Management Group IPA Institute of Practitioners in Advertising ITA Independent Television Authority ITCA Independent Television
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