Bibliography of New Zealand Submarine Geology 1866-1969

ISSN 0083-7903, 64 (Print) ISSN 2538-1016; 64 (Online)

VALERIE J. LEWIS

,_ . New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 64

1977 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF N'.EW ZEALAND

SUBMARINE GEOLOGY

1866-1969

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TASMA.N AREA

EASTERN 6fiEA

TASMAN BASIN RISE CHATHAM 'jf.chothom, Island

BOUNTY TROUGH

g , The Snores ·, Bounty Islands 0 t so· 'Antlpod"s Islands Auckland Islands 4 CAMPBELL PLATEAU

ACompbell Island SUB ANTA RCTIC AREA

/ Moc quorle Island

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The New Zealand region showing the coastal and oceanic areas defined in the geographic index

Bibliography of New Zealand Submarine Geology 1866-1969

VALERIE J. LEWIS

New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir No. 64:

1977

New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 64, 1977. 32 p. ISSN 0083-7903

Abstract An annotated bibliography of 453 entries is presented, with geographical and subject indexes. "Submarine geology" is here defined as the geology of° the area° of seabed below° low water° mark, and the "New Zealand region" extends from 24 S to 57 30'S, and 157 E to 167 W. Maps and charts, and material on foraminifera, have been excluded from the bibliography.

Citation according to World List of Scientific Periodicals ( 4th edn.). Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 64

Received for publication October 1972

This bibliography of New Zealand submarine geology covers papers written between .1866 and the end of 1969. Four hundred and fifty-four papers are recorded here together with abstracts, and the work as a whole provides a most useful reference to activities in submarine geology in the New Zealand region. Preparation of the bibliography was commenced by Mrs Lewis as part of the work for a diploma of the New Zealand Library School.

J. W. BRODIE, Director, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute, Wellington.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I am grateful for the assistance provided by my husband Dr Keith Lewis and by Mr J. W. Brodie, Dr D. J. Cullen, New Zealand Oceanographic Institute; Dr R. Falconer, Physics Department, Victoria University of Wellington; Dr C. A. Fleming, New Zealand Geological Survey, and Mr T. Hunt, Geophysics Division, DSIR. My thanks are also due to the librarians and staff of the following Wellington libraries for access to their collections and assistance when necessary: Alexander Turnbull Library; General Assembly Library; National Library of New Zealand; New Zealand Geological Survey; New Zealand Meteorological Office; New Zea land Oceanographic Institute; New Zealand Seismological Observatory; Royal Society of New Zealand; Victoria University of Wellington. This bibliography was commenced as part of the diploma of the New Zea land Library School. and I am grateful to my supervisor, Mr J. H. Podstolski, and to the Director of the National Library School, Mr R. N. O'Reilly, for permission to use this material. The manuscript has been prepared for publication by Misses L. Bailey and E. Bardsley.

Scope of Bibliography The Lists of Publications and Charts of the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute were searched for For the purposes of this bibliography submarine geological items and the following bibliographies were geology has been defined as the geology of that area consulted: of the seabed below low water mark. The earliest item located was dated 1866 although one item was origin Krebs, B.N. 1964: Bibliography of the Oceano ally published in 1847, and the cut-off date for publica graphy of the Tasman and Coral Seas. Mem. tion of material was 31 December 1969. Items can N.Z. oceanogr. Inst 24: 27pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. usually be located by consulting the Union List of scient. ind. Res.156). Serials in New Zealand libraries. The bibliography New Zealand Oceanographic Committee 1955: also includes items on equipment and techniques of Bibliography of New Zealand Oceanography submarine geology relevant to New Zealand work. 1949-1953. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 1: 18 pp. (Geophys. Mem. N.Z. Dep scient ind. Res. 4). Mapsand Charts

Maps and charts have been omitted although items describing charts are included. The most comprehen Indexes sive charts in this field are those published by the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute and other relevant Because of the large number of items involved, often charts and maps are held by the library of this institu covering several subjects and geographic areas, the tion. Most material on foraminifera has been excluded, main bibliography is arranged in alphabetical order as this has already been documented (see Eade, 1967). by author. Two indexes are provided, by subject and by geographical area (both on p.32), references in each case being to item numbers, not pages. To provide Sources of References full geographical coverage the New Zealand area has been divided into arbitrary regions (Frontis.) and The following journals were searched completely: indexed accordingly. It is envisaged that the geograph ical index will be used in conjunction with the subject New Zealand Journal of Science and Technology, index to locate papers precisely, e.g., to find papers on 11918-57. the bathymetry of the Tasman Sea, look up both New Zealand Journal of Science, 1958-69. "Bathymetry" in the subject index and "Tasman Sea" New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, in the geographical index and the items which appear 1958-69. in BOTH lists will be on the required subject. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zea- land, 1868-1969. Tuatara, 1947-69. Deep-Sea Research, 1953-69. Abbreviations MarineGeology, 1964-69. Tectonophysics, 1964-69. Abbreviations used are those given in the World Other items were located using the reference lists List of Scientific Periodicals, Fourth Edition, Butter given by authors in papers from the above journals. worths. London, 1965.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ BIBLIOGRAPHY ADAMS, C.E.; BARNETT, M.A.F.; HAYES, R.C. General discussion of the structure of the south 1933 Seismological report of the Hawkes Bay earthquake west Pacific with reference to trenches, island arcs [8] of 3rd February 1931. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 15(1): and seismicity. 93-107. 1939 The structure of the Pacific Basin. Proc. 6th Paci/. Gives the background of the earthquake by describ Sci. Congr. 1: 201-4. ing the relationship of New Zealand seismology to General discussion, mentioning a few New Zealand that of the Pacific, past seismic activity in the features ( e.g. Tonga-Kermandec Trench) in the Hawkes Bay region and foreshocks. The earth context of their relation to Pacific structure. [9] quake is discussed, with reference to the distribu tion of seismic intensity, the seismograph records, ANDRUSCHENKO, P.F. see [374). the horizontal movement of the ground, the deter ANGENHEISTER, G.A. mination of the epicentre in Hawke Bay, time 1921 A study of Pacific earthquakes. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. at origin, focal depth, and the aftershocks. [1] 4(5 ): 209-31. Deals with those earthquakes whose epicentres ADAMS, R.D. were near the Tonga Deep. Most are out of the 1962 Thickness of the earth's crust beneath the Campbell New Zealand area, but three near the Kermadec Plateau. N.Z. JI Geo/. Geophys. 5 (1): 74-85. By the use of records from eight earthquakes, an Islands are included. [10] average value of about 20 km was found. This is ARRHENIUS, G. intermediate between the values usually found for 1966 Sedimentary record of long-period phenomena. Pp oceanic and continental regions."-abstr. 155-74 in Hurley, P.M. (ed.) "Advances in Earth see also Science (Contributions to the International Confer [96], [204]. [2] ence on the Earth Sciences, Massachusetts Institute ADAMS, R.D.; CHRISTOFFEL, D.A. of Technology, September 1964) ". M.I.T. Press, 1962 Total magnetic field surveys between New Zealand Cambridge, Massachusetts and London. xiv + and the Ross Sea. J. geophys. Res. 67(2): 805-13. 502 pp. "During the summers of 1958/59 and 1959/60, A general discussion. One chart illustrates the con total magnetic field surveys were made with ship centration of mica at the present sediment surface towed nuclear spin magnetometers between New of the Pacific Ocean floor, including the area to Zealand and the Ross Sea. The total field contours the east of New Zealand. see also [344]. [ 11) are° given for the region between New Zealand and 80 S and for the Ross Sea area. Magnetic anoma BADGLEY, P.C. lies in the different bathymetric regions are dis I 965 "Structural and tectonic principles". Harper & Row, cussed and some possible interpretations given." New York. 521 pp. abstr. "Designed to give a broad background in the fields [3] of structural geology and tectonics."-intro. ADAMS, R.D.; DIBBLE, R.R. Includes extensive references (Pp. 408-11). Excel 1967 Seismological studies of the Raoul Island eruption, lent section on New Zealand, particularly the 1964. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 10(6): 1348-61. Tonga and Kermadec Trenches. (Pp. 425-9). [12] "An eruption of mud and steam at Raoul Island (largest of the Kermadec Group) on November BANGHAR, A.R.; SYKES, L.R. 20, 1964, was preceded by a swarm of earthquakes 1969 Focal mechanisms of earthquakes in the Indian Ocean which started on November 10. Within four hours and adjacent regions. J. geophys. Res. 74(2): 632-49. of the start of the swarm, the frequency of shocks "Focal mechanism solutions are presented for 22 . . . had risen to a maximum of over 80 per hour." earthquakes that occurred in ... the Macquarie -abstr. ridge ... Earthquakes on the Macquarie ridge are Eruption then occurred and the earthquakes grad characterized by either thrust faulting, strike-slip ually decreased. The earthquakes are analysed in faulting, or a combination of the two."-abstr. [13) this paper. [4] BANWELL, C.J. see [204]. ADAMS, R.D.; LeFORT, J.H. BARAZANGI, M.; DORMAN, J. 1963 The Westport earthquakes, May 1962. N.Z. JI Geol. 1969 World seismicity maps compiled from ESSA, Coast Geophys. 6(4): 487-509. and Geodetic Survey, epicentre data, 1961-1967. Bull. "A sequence of over 80 earthquakes occurred in seism. Soc. Am. 59 ( 1 ): 369-80. 1962 off the coast near Westport, New Zealand. Seven world maps contain information on earth ...Arrival times of phases at overseas stations quakes around the world, particularly of the New all show that the foci were shallow. Late arrivals Zealand Region. There are also references to the at Australian stations indicate a lower velocity in Tonga-Kermadec Trench in the text. [14] the upper mantle beneath the Tasman Sea than is BARKER, P.H. implied by the Jeffreys-Bullen tables."-abstr. [5] 1967 Bathymetry of the Fiordland continental margin. ADKIN, G.L. N.Z. JI Sci. 10(1): 128-37. 1921 Porirua Harbour: a study of its shore line and other "Some recent observations of the bathymetry of the physiographic features. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 53: Fiordland continental margin are described. These, 144-56. together with other data from the area, have Includes a section on the origin of the harbour. [6] enabled the position of the southward extension of AMIN, B.S.; KHARKAR, D.P.; LAL, D. the Alpine Fault and its relationship to the Mac 1966 Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in marine sediments. quarie Ridge to be more precisely assessed. It Deep Sea Res. 13(5): 805-24. would appear that the Macquarie Ridge, the Alpine "The results of measurements of 1°Be and 26Al Fault and its North Island extensions, together activities in two wide-diameter (12.7 cm) Pacific with the Colville and Kermadec Ridges, form a sediment cores are reported. The cores were raised connected part of the world-wide oceanic rise from regions of the ocean floor where an undis ridge system."-abstr. turbed slow accumulation was expected. Several Includes an appendix entitled "Detailed description sections up to about one metre depth were analys of the sea bed along the track GFED in Fig. I." ed."-abstr. (from the southwest° tip of South° Island north westwards to lat. 43 S., long. 163 E.) [15] Includes° one °core from the New Zealand region (57 35'S, 174 15'W). [7] see also [401]. ANDREWS, E.C.: BARKER, P.H.; KIBBLEWHITE, A.C. 1922 The present structure of the Pacific: presidential 1965 Physical oceanographic data from the Tui Cruise, address. J. Proc. R. Soc. N.S.W. 56: 14-38. 1962. N.Z. JI Sci. 8(4): 604-34.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Includes a description of the measurement of bot geological history of the South Pacific area from tom topography, together with a preliminary the East Indies to New Zealand to see whether any investigation into the bottom structure. [16] light is thrown on the structure or history of New Zealand. Includes an extensive bibliography. [25] BARNETT, M.A.F. see [1]. 1950 Meeting of the Geological Division of the Pacific BARTRUM, J.A. Science Congress in New Zealand, February 1949. 1916 Concretions in the recent sediments of the Auckland Interim Proc. geol. Soc. Am. 1: 11-13. Harbour, New Zealand. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 49: A description of the meeting and its discussions, 425-8. mentioning those on submarine canyons brie·fly. "During dredging operation; recently carried �ut [26] in St George's Bay, Auckland Harbour, a consid BENSON, W.N.; RAESIDE, J.D. erable number of concretions were brought up, 1963 Tidal colks in Australia and New Zealand. N.Z. JI along with fine sands and numerous molluscan Geol. Geophys. 6(4): 634-40. shells from a depth of about 28 ft to 35 ft below Includes a chart showing the topography of Otago mean high-water level."-abstr. Harbour and some description of it. {27] These concretions are described and suggestions made as to their origin. Photographs are included. BIEHLER, S. see [378]. [17] BORDOVSKY, O.K. BATH,M . see [358]. 1960 K Khimii osadkoy tsentral'noi chasti Tikhogo Okeana. (On the chemistry of sediments of the central Pacific.) BELL, D.J.; GOODELL, H.G. . . Trudy Inst. Okeanol. 42: 107-16. (In Russian). 1967 A comparative study of glaucomte and the associated Gives nine stations to the east and northeast of clay fraction in modern marine sediments. Sedimen New Zealand and three stations to the west and tology 9(3): 169-202. northwest. Includes a chart. [28] The crystallinity and mineralogy of both the glau conite and the clay fraction of samples from six BRAMLETTE, M. see [344]. contemporary marine environments were investi gated by X-ray diffraction. One of the environ BRENNAN, I.A. see [404],[405] . ments was the Chatham Rise, where the glauconite BRODIE, J. W. exhibits poor crystallinity, but the associated clay 1952 Features of the sea-floor west of New Zealand. N.Z. fraction is well-crystallised. [I 8] Jl Sci. Technol. B (33)5: 373-84. BELL, J.M. "The morphology of the floor of the Tasman Sea 1909 The physiography of Wellington Harbour. Trans. is described from contoured maps and echo-sound Proc. N.Z. Inst. 42: 534-40. ing data. Structural trends are discussed and the A description of the Harbour and surrounding area sedimentation pattern in the eastern Tasman Sea giving its geological history. Includes diagrams, a outlined."-abstr. [29] chart, and photographs. [19] 1955 Sedimentation in Lyttelton Harbour, South Island, BENIOFF, H. New Zealand. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B (36)6: 603-21. "Between 1849 and 1951 Lyttelton Harbour has 1949 Seismic evidence for the fault ongm of ocean deeps. shallowed in parts by as much as a fathom. Dredg Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 60(12): 1837-56. ing has maintained an "over-deepened" channel Evidence is offered which indicates that the Tonga and basin and has caused a deepening of adjacent Kermadec sequence of earthquakes (and others) areas. It is suggested that the sediments are derived originates on a great fault which dips under the from the Harbour catchment and have been distri continental masses. This fault is about 2500 km buted by the tidal streams. Wave base within the long, 900 km wide and 650 km deep. Associated Harbour is about 4½ fathoms."-abstr. [30] oceanic deeps are surface expressions of the down warping of the oceanic blocks, upwarping having 1957 Marine geology of the Chatham Islands area. Pp. produced islands. [20] 28-30 in Knox, G.A. "General account of the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition." Mem. N.Z. 1951 Crustal strain characteristics derived from earthquake oceanogr. Inst. 2 (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. sequences. Trans. Am. geophys. Un. 32(4): 508-14. 122). . . "A procedure has been devised for determining Brief description of the morphology and d1stnbu the relative size of elastic strain-rebound incre tion of the sediments, including a diagram showing ments from earthquake magnitudes."-abstr. an echo-sounding record across Pitt Strait and One of the examples used is of deep-focus earth echo-sounding profiles across the shelf edge. [31] quakes of the Tonga-Kermadec sequence. [21] 1958a The sea floor around the Solander Islands. Pp. 430--1 1954 Orogenesis and deep crustal structure - additional in Harrington, H.J.; Wood, B.L. "Quaternary ande evidence from seismology. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 65(5): site volcanism at the Solander Islands." N.Z. JI Geol. 385-400. Geophys. 1 (3): 419-31. A general discussion, including about 200 words Mainly a short description of the Solander Trough. on the Tonga-Kermadec region with a slight Includes a chart. [32] amendment to the author's conclusions in his earlier paper that there was a single major fault. 1958b Structural significance of sea floor features around He now suggests there are two faults activated by New Zealand. Geol. Rdsch. 47(2): 662-7. a single stress system. [22] "The oceanic highs and deeps around New Zealand exhibit a marked linearity and fall into three 1955 Seismic evidence for crustal structure and tectonic groups whose features trend NW-SE, E-W, and activity. Spee. Pap. geol. Soc. Am. 62: 61-74. NNE-SSW. These groups are recognised as struc Earthquakes of the Tonga-Kermadec region tural provinces: the Northwestern, Chatham and (among others) are analysed, and the fault system Kermadec Provinces respectively, with both age in this region termed an oceanic fault. [23] and geographic differences."-abstr. BENSON, W.N. Includes a folded chart. [33] 1923 Palaeozoic and Mesozoic seas in Australasia. Trans. 1964 Bathymetry of the New Zealand region. Mem. N.Z. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 54: 1-62. oceanogr. Inst. I I: 55 pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Discussion of the stratigraphic, structural and tec Res. 161.) tonic relationships of Australia and New Zealand, Recounts the history of bathymetric charting of and the geological history of Australasia. Includes the New Zealand area, giving names of ocean floor an extensive bibliography. [24] features with profiles and a short descrip�i?n of 1924 The structural features of the margin of Australasia. many of them. Discusses the structural pos1t10n of Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 55: 99-137. New Zealand and sedimentation in the New Zea Briefly discusses the tectonic features and later land region (roughly equal to the area treated in

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ this bibliography) . Contains an index, a biblio N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 36(4): 397-410. graphy, and is well-illustrated, including two folded "The submarine topography of Milford Sound and charts. [34] of the adjacent shelf is described from echo-sound 1965a The Fiordland shelf and Milford Sound. Pp. 15-23 ing records and illustrated by profiles and a con in Skerrnan, T.M. (ed.) "Studies of a Southern toured map."-abstr. [44] Fiord." Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 17. (Bull. N.Z. BRUUN, A.F.; LANGER, E.; PAULY, H. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 157.) 1955 Magnetic particles found by raking the deep sea Description of the slope canyons, cross-shelf fur bottom. Deep Sea Res. 2(3): 230-46. rows and the submarine and subaerial morphology Description of magnetic particles collected by the of Milford Sound. [35] Challenger Expedition, 1872-76, and by the Gala 1965b Aotea Seamount, eastern Tasman Sea. N.Z. JI Geol. thea Expedition, 1950-52, those from the Galathea Geophys. 8(3): 510-17. Expedition being termed caudaites. Includes two "An elongate ENE-trending seamount in the New samples from the New Zealand region. [45] Caledonia Basin is interpreted as the product of BRYAN, W.H. basaltic fissure eruption. The age is unknown, but 1944 The relationship of the Australian continent to the Pleistocene-Recent shallow-water echinoids have Pacific Ocean-now and in the past. J. Proc. R. Soc. been dredged from the summit, which is 550 N.S.W. 78: 42-62. fathoms below sea level."-abstr. [36] A discussion of the structure of the i;outhwest 1965c The Southern Ocean : Oceanography. Pp 101-27 in Pacific. [46] Hatherton, T. (ed.) "Antarctica". A.H. & AW. Reed, Wellington. BUCHANAN, J.Y. see [411]. Describes sediments, morphology, structure and° BUCKENHAM, M.H. physical oceanography of the area from !at. 52 1968 Chatham Rise Sediments. Sci. Ree. Univ. Otago 18: southwards. [37] 6-7. see also [ 44], [275]. A short article on the sediments of the Chatham BRODIE, J.W.; DAWSON, E.W. Rise likely to contain minerals of economic value 1965 Morphology of North Macquarie Ridge. Nature, to New Zealand, e.g. glauconite, phosphate. Some Land. 270(c: 999): 844-5. information is given on present research projects Echo-sou•1ding traverses carried out by the N.Z. in this field. [47] Oceanographic Institute illustrate that Macquarie BULLEN, K.E. Ridge extends from Macquarie Island to the south 1936 On near earthquakes in the vicinity of New Zealand. western corner of the South Island. [38] N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 18(6): 493-507. BRODIE, J.W.; HATHERTON, T. Investigation using official seismological reports, 1958 The morphology of Kerrnadec and Hikurangi Tren- with three objects in view : 1. to seek the best pos ches. Deep Sea Res. 5(1): 18-28. sible values for the velocities and pulses and to Kermadec Trench, 700 miles long, is steep and assign a modulus of precision in each case; 2. to deep; Hikurangi Trench is broader and shallower. look for relative apparent delays in starting of the Both have benched sides, those of the Hikurangi different pulses with a view to possible first estim trench being only on a small scale. The origin of ation of crustal thicknesses near New Zealand; 3. these benches is discussed. New names Hikurangi for data and methods to assist in future investiga Trench, Colville Ridge, and Havre Trough are pro tions. The conclusion for item 2 was that the gran posed for bathymetric features not previously itic layer near New Zealand is thin. [48] clearly defined. A folded chart is included. [39] 1939 The crustal structure of the New Zealand region as inferred from studies of earthquake waves. Proc. 6th BROWN, D.A.; CAMPBELL, K.S.W.; CROOK, K.A.W. Paci/. Sci. Congr. 1: 103-10. 1968 "The geological evolution of Australia and New Discussion of the crustal structure, concluding that Zealand". Pergamon Press, London, 409 pp. the lower part of the crustal layers resemble the Includes a short ( 400-word) descri�tion of the European region, but that marked differences occur structure of the "sub-oceanic surroundmgs" of New in higher layers. In particular, there is a suggestion Zealand. [40] that the intermediate layer may have a greater BRUNE, J. see [108]. total thickness in the New Zealand region than in Central Europe. [49] BRUNNER, G.J. 1955 Note on New Zealand crustal structure. Trans. Proc. 1934 The earthquake of September 6th, 1933, and its bear R. Soc. N.Z. 82(5): 995-9. ing on the problem of the deep earthquake. Trans. Description of the structure of the New Zealand Am. geophys. Un. 15: 72. region from seismic data, and comparisons with The epicentre of this earthquake was just at the [50] northern boundary of the New Zealand region. other areas. Includes photographs of records at various world CAMPBELL, K.S.W. see [40]. stations. [41] CAREY, S.W. (Ed.) 1938 The deep earthquake of May 26, 1932, near the 1958 Continental Drift; a symposium. Geology Dept. Uni- Kerrnadec Islands. Beitr. Geophys. 53: 1-64. versity of Tasmania, Hobart. 363 pp. "On May 26, 1932, the seismographs over the earth New Zealand is well represented, particularly on recorded an earthquake which manifested quite pp. 68-74 and 305-10. Other references may be unusual features. Most apparent was its extreme located through the index. [51] violence and the amazing number of distinct CASSIE, R.M. impulses which appear on the records." "The phases 1957 Post-war Oceanography. Pp. 262-72 in Callaghan, were °studied° in detail, the epicentre was found to F.R. (ed.) "Science in New Zealand". A.H. & A.W. be 25 S, 179 E ...and the depth is 600 ± km." Reed, Wellington. 272 pp. -abstr. [42] A general description of the development of ocean BRUUN, A.F. ography in New Zealand. Includes references. [52] 1957-9 General Introduction to the Reports and List of CHASE, T.E. see [293], [2cl5]. Deep Sea Stations. Galathea Rep. 1: 7-48. Tabular information is presented on stations in CHRISTIE, J.M. see [276]. the Tasman Sea, west coast of New Zealand and CHRISTOFFEL, D.A. in the Kerrnadec and Tonga Trenches. (Pp. 44-6) . 1961a A total magnetic field survey conducted between New [43] Zealand and Antarctica and in the Ross Sea. Sci. BRUUN, A.F.; BRODIE, J.W.; FLEMING, C.A. Rep. Geophys. Lab. Univ. Brit. Columbia 3: 1-26. 1955 Submarine geology of Milford Sound, New Zealand. Description of the survey and its results, plus a

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ general description of geological structure in the Proc. N.Z. Inst. 45 : 316-22. areas studied. [53] Contains a section entitled "Amount of subsidence 1961b Total magnetic measurements between New Zealand (and submergence) " which includes the results of and Antarctica. Nature, Land. 190(4778): 776-8. soundings. [63] Results of a survey of the earth's total magnetic 1918 Conditions of deposition on the continental shelf and field between New Zealand and Antarctica, meas slope. J. Geol. 26(2): 135-60. ured by a proton magnetometer installed aboard Mainly a theoretical dissertation, with a few New HMNZS Endeavour. (54] Zealand examples. [64] 1969 Seafloor spreading in the Southwest Pacific and the 1921 The warped land-surface on the south-eastern side of Cenozoic drifting pattern of southern continents. the Port Nicholson depression, Wellington, New Zea Trans. Am. geophys. Un. 50(4): 185. land. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 53: 131-43. "This paper presents the results from interpreting Includes a history of the development of Welling the magnetic stratigraphy south of New Zealand ton Harbour. [65] and Antarctica, and applying the concepts of sea 1949 Plunging cliffs, Lyttelton Harbour. N.Z. Geogr. 5(2): floor spreading to tracing the relative positions of 13{µ,, Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand from the Unlike most other harbours of a similar size and Upper Crataceous to the present." P. 185. [55) land penetration, Lyttelton Harbour is subject to see also [3] the effects of powerful ocean swell throughout its length up to its head. The peculiar conditions CHRISTOFFEL, D.A.; ROSS, D.I. responsible are shown to be the abrupt margins I 965 Magnetic anomalies south of the New Zealand Pla- J. of the harbour-referred to as plunging cliffs teau. geophys. Res. 70(12): 2857-61. and the transversely flat profile of the harbour "Four total magnetic field profiles between New bottom. [66] Zealand and Antarctica are presented, and an attempt is made to analyse these in terms of the 1951a Accidents and interruptions in the cycle of marine ocean floor structure."-abstr. [56] erosion. Geogrl. J. 117(3): 343-9. Effects of progradation on a drowned coast are COMITE CENTRAL D'OCEANOGRAPHIE ET D'ETUDE seen on the west of the stable North Auckland DES COTES Peninsula, and on the drowned Bay of Plenty 1950 Sondages dans la Fosse des Kerrnadec. Bull. In/. coast. Deals theoretically with continental shelves Com. cent. Oceanogr. Etude Cotes 2(8) : 302. and sediment movement. [67) Describes and illustrates two sounding traverses. 1951b Redeposition theory of sedimentation. N.Z. JI Sci. [57] Technol. B 32(5): 19-25. CONOLLY, J.R. N.Z. JI A general discussion, with references to the east 1969 Western Tasman sea floor. Geol. Geophys. coast of New Zealand. 12(1): 310-43. [68] 1953 Submarine canyon hypothesis. N.Z. Sci. Rev. 11(9): This study covers the area from° the eastern Aus tralian coast to longitude 160 E, which includes 110-13. Lord Howe Island. Most of the paper is therefore Considers the contemporary theories for the origin considering areas outside the scope of this biblio of submarine canyons, with particular reference to graphy, however, the Lord Howe Rise is well those around New Zealand. Cotton favours the described, and the larger structural features of the theory that New Zealand submarine canyons par whole Tasman Sea are included. [58] ticularly have been formed tectonically. [69] 1958 The rim of the Pacific. Geogrl. J. 124(2): 223-31. COOKE, R.J.S. 1966 Some seismological features of the North Macquarie A discussion of the topography and history of the ridge. Nature, Land. 211(5052): 953-4. Pacific with several references to features in the It is suggested that seismicity is definitely associated New Zealand region. [70] with the ridge structure. The Campbell Plateau 1962 Low sea levels in the late Pleistocene. Trans. R. Soc. appears to be aseismic and reflects T waves, which N.Z. 1(16): 249-52. therefore arrive late at Macquarie Island station. General discussion with examples, one in New [59] Zealand-off Cape Campbell. One conclusion is 1967 Observations of the seismic T phase at Macquarie the theory that the absence of a submarine bench Island. N.Z.ll Gcol. Geophys. 10(5): 1212-25. in the Pacific is probably attributable to the short "T phases originating in a number of regions are ness of the time sea level remained at these low recorded at Macquarie Island, in particular from stands. [71 J near Macquarie itself, and the South Pacific Cord 1968 Relation of the continental shelf to rising coasts. illera shocks from these two regions originate on Geogrl. J. 134(3) : 382-9. mid-ocean ridges .... The average velocity of all Discusses three theories to explain the juxtaposition the phases is 1.470 km/s.... Reflections of the of an actively rising coast and an apparently stable T phase are observed from the edge of the Camp marginal seafloor. The theories are illustrated by bell Plateau."-abstr. [60) references to the east coasts of the North and COPE, R.N.; REED, J.J. South Islands. [72] 1967 The Cretaceous paleogeology of the Taranaki-Cook COUPER, R.A. Strait area. Proc. Australas Inst. Min. Meta/I. 1951 Microflora of a submarine lignite from Toetoes Bay, 222: 63-72. near Bluff, New Zealand. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B "Cores of pre-Tertiary basement from 10 oil 33(3 ): 179-86. exploration wells are related petrologically to the The lignite is thought to be derived from a sub 'axial', 'marginal' and 'shelf' fades of the New marine outcrop. [73] Zealand geosyncline."-abstr. COWAN, M.; HATHERTON, T. Includes a folded, coloured map showing sediments, 1968 Gravity surveys in Wellington and Hutt Valley. N.Z. faults, folds, etc. Evidence for a major Cook Strait JI Geol. Geophys. 11(1): 1-15. fault is reviewed. [61] "Gravity observations in Wellington, Hutt Valley COTTON, C.A. and Wellington Harbour are reported. Cross-sec 1911 Notes on Wellington physiography. Trans. Proc. N.Z. tions are given and alluvium thicknesses estimated. Inst. 44: 245-65. Between 3,000 and 4,000 ft of light sediments over On pp. 251-4 is a description of the geological his lie greywacke basement in Wellington Harbour off tory of Port Nicholson (i.e. Wellington Harbour) , Ngauranga Gorge."-abstr. [74] including a bathymetric chart. [62] CRAWFORD, J.C. 1913 The Tuamarina Valley: a note on the Quaternary 1873 Port Nicholson an ancient freshwater lake. Trans. history of the Marlborough Sounds district. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 6: 290-4.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Discussion of this theory, with evidence (e.g. bor 1967b Island arc development in the South-west Pacific. ings taken from the wharf, which show the remains Tectonophysics 4(2): 163-72. of land vegetation at a considerable depth). [75] The main ridges on the South-west Pacific are 1874a Did the great Cook Strait River flow to the north interpreted as island arcs of geosynclinal or vol west or to the south-east? Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. canic origin. The structural evolution of the South 7: 448-51. west Pacific is discussed. [84] Evidence is provided, including soundings, suggest 1967c A note on the regional structure of the South-west ing that Cook Strait was formed by a river whose Pacific.N. Z. JI Sci. 10(3): 813-15. tributaries form the Marlborough Sounds, and "Bathymetric, seismic and volcanic data indicate which was the outlet for the freshwater lake of that the Kermadec and Colville Ridges, north of Port Nicholson. The river is considered to have New Zealand, and the Macquarie Ridge, between flowed southeastwards. [76] New Zealand and Antarctica, are a continuation 1874b Some further proofs as to the ancient Cook Strait of the West Pacific island arc system, and not sec river and the harbour of Wellington as a freshwater tions of a mid-oceanic ridge."-abstr. [85] lake; also a consideration of the date at which the 1967d Submarine evidence from New Zealand of a rapid islands were united. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 7: 451-3. rise in sea level about I I ,OOO B.P. Palaeogeogr. Palae Includes more evidence, such as the presence of oclim. Palaeoecol. 3(3): 289-98. moas in both islands, that North and South Island The proximity of a 35-fathom (64m) submerged were once joined. [77] shoreline, approximately 11,000 years old; an, 8- CROOK, K.A.W. see [40]. fathom (14m) submarine peat horizon, dated at 9,300 ± 80 years B.P., in the vicinity of Foveaux CULLEN, D.J. Strait; and published radio-carbon analyses of peat 1962a The influence of bottom sediments upon the distribu and shell from terrestrial sites elsewhere in New tion of oysters in Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. N.Z. Zealand, indicate a rapid rise of sea level between JI Geol. Geophys. 5(2): 271-5. "Investigation of sediments in Foveaux Strait has these two dates. A generalised curve depicting sea revealed a clear correlation between the distribu level fluctuation is constructed. [86] tion of the oyster beds and the occurrence of 1967e Mantle convection and sea-floor spreading in the medium to fine sandy pebble gravel."-abstr. [78] South-west Pacific. Nature, Lond. 216(5113): 356-7. 1962b The significance of a glacial erratic from the Chatham Presents further arguments in favour of trans Rise, east of New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. current fault movement on the sub-Antarctic Slope. 5(2): 309-13. [87] "The recognition of an undoubted glacial erratic I 967f The age of glauconite from the Chatham Rise, east within a heterogeneous collection of rock frag of New Zealand. N.Z. JI mar. Freshwat. Res. 1(4): ments dredged from the Chatham Rise raises the 399--406. possibility of extensive and long-continued deposi "Radiometric analysis indicates that a granular tion of rock debris by drifting icebergs in this area. variety of glauconite, widespread on the Chatham The specimen is a red feldspathic sandstone of a Rise, is derived from late Tertiary sediments. Other type not known in New Zealand but showing some forms of glauconite, associated with pumice, phos resemblance to rocks of the Beacon sandstone of phorite nodules, and glacially transported erratic Antarctica."-abstr. [79] blocks, are of Quaternary age. These are quantita 1965 Autochthonous rocks from the Chatham Rise, east tively unimportant, and may have originated as a of New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 8(3): 465- result of redistribution of components from the 74. older glauconite."-abstr. [88] Rocks obtained from Chatham Rise are considered 1967g The submarine geology of Foveaux Strait. Mem. N.Z. to occur in situ, or to be derived from sources oceanogr. Inst. 33 : 67 pp. (Bull. N.Z.Dep. scient. ind. nearby. Their significance with respect to the struc Res. 184). ture of Chatham Rise is briefly discussed. [80] Describes geomorphology, sediments and sub 1966a Fluviatile run-off as a factor in the primary dispersal marine gravels which were deposited from south of submarine gravels in Foveaux Strait, New Zealand. ward flowing rivers during a period of lower sea Sedimentology 7: 191-201. level. [89] Submarine gravels are thought to have been initial 1968 Movement of sialic blocks oblique to the direction ly deposited as fluviatile sediments during a former of sea floor spreading. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 5(2): period of low sea level. The size of water catch 123-6. ment and source areas on opposite sides of the "Structural studies in the South-west Pacific pro Strait is considered to be an important factor, regu vide a basis for suggesting the possibility of migra lating the proportions of the various rock types. tion of continental sialic blocks oblique to the dir [8 1] ection of sea-floor spreading as indicated by linear 1966b A series of coloured charts of New Zealand coastal magnetic anomaly patterns."-abstr. [90] sediments. Inf. Ser. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 1969a Strike-slip displacement of mid-ocean rises and the 56: 1-1 1. concept of mid-ocean rise migration. J. geophys. A description of the coloured charts being issued Res. 74(6): 1409-12. by the N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, on a scale of "The evidence for multiple strike-slip displacements l : 200,000, to show the distribution of sediment of the mid-ocean rise system in the South-west types in the coastal regions round New Zealand. Pacific is questioned. The concept of mid-ocean As the method of presenting data on these charts rise migration depending on such evidence is dis is in many respects unique, a brief explanation is cussed, and it is shown that interpretations involv given of the principles used in compilation and ing large-scale lateral migration (as distinct from the problems encountered. [82] axial prolongation) of mid-ocean rises require care 1967a The Antipodes Fracture Zone, a major structure of the ful scrutiny."-abstr. [91] South-west Pacific. N.Z. JI. mar. Freshwat. Res. 1969b Quaternary volcanism at the Antipodes Islands : its 1(1): 16-25. bearing on structural interpretation of the South-west "The steep Antipodes scarp ...south-east of New Pacific. J. geopliys. Res. 74(17): 4213-20. Zealand, is attributable to dextral tear faulting Tear-faulting is preferred to rifting as the dominant within a north-east/south-west belt, the Antipodes movement along the Antipodes Fracture Zone as Fracture Zone.... The Waipounamu Fracture sep a result of study of Quaternary volcanism at the arates the Campbell Plateau and Chatham Rise Antipodes Islands. This is an important issue in from mainland New Zealand. The origin of these determining the direction of migration of sialic fracture zones is linked with that of the parallel crustal blocks in the South-west Pacific during Alpine Fault of South Island."-abstr. [83] Cenozoic times. [92] 11

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ CULLINGTON, A. L.; HANLEY, A. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 44: 70 pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. 1964 Magnetic surveys of the coasts of New Zealand. N.Z. scient. ind. Res. 182.). JI Geol. Geophys. 7(4): 766-95. Lists all Foraminifera recorded from the New Zea Includes a brief account of some early magnetic land Plateau giving, in each case, the name, observations in this area, from Cook (1769-70) to original reference, all references to New Zealand 1873, and results of other surveys from 1955 to Recent occurrences and taxonomic notes. [102) 1961. [93) EIBY, G.A. DAYID, T.W.E. 1958 The structure of New Zealand from seismic evidence. 1913 Discovery by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition Geol. Rdsch. 47: 647-62. of important submarine banks. Geogrl J. 41(5): 461- "The New Zealand region is characterised by a 3. crust of 20-25 kms in thickness, and a sub-crust A bank was discovered 60 miles to the north of extending to at least 370 kms. These are separated Macquarie Island, rising from depths of 1750 fms by a transitional layer extending from the base to 570 fms. [94) of the crust to a depth of about 100 kms. The DAWSON, E.W. see [38]. crust is divided into blocks by steeply dipping DE JERSEY, N.J. faults. Some blocks are seismically active and 1946 Seismological evidence bearing on crustal thickness others stable."-abstr. [103] in the South-west Pacific. Pap. Dep. Geol. Univ. 1964 The New Zealand subcrustal rift. N.Z. JI Geo/. Qd. n.s. 3(2): 1-18. Geophys. 7(1): 109-33. Based on a study of seismograms recorded at the Includes charts and discussion of earthquakes with University of Queensland Seismological Station. submarine foci. [104] The methods used to determine structure were 1968 An annotated list of New Zealand earthquakes, 1460-- observations of the amplitude ratio PP /P and 1965. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 11{3): 630-47. observations of the velocities and periods of sur "New Zealand earthquakes known to have had a face waves. Half of the paper is concerned with large felt area or to have caused damage are listed crustal thickness in the area to the east of Austra chronologically. Brief descriptive notes, including lia, and the conclusion is that a continental struc epicentres and magnitudes when known, and maxi ture is indicated, with a crustal thickness of 25 km. mum reported intensities are given for each earth DENHAM, R.N. see [255]. [95] quake."-abstr. Includes several submarine earthquakes, particu DIBBLE, R.R. see [4]. larly in Cook Strait. [105] DICKENSON, G.E.; ADAMS, R.D. . . . ESTCOURT, I.N. 1967 A statistical survey of earthquakes m the mam s�is 1968 A Note on the fauna of a ripple-marked sandy sedi mic region of New Zealand. Part 3. Geographical ment in western Cook Strait, New Zealand. N.Z. JI distribution. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 10(4): 1040-50. mar. Freshwat. Res. 2(4): 654-8. "Maps are presented showing contours of frequen Includes a description° of the sediment at the cy of earthquake occurrence in the main seismic station, at 40 53.6'S, 174 °26.8'E, depth 140m, with region of New Zealand from 1942 to 1961. Sh!lllow, photographs of the ripple-marked seabed. [106] intermediate and deep earthquakes are considered separately; the deeper earthquakes have a more EVISON, F.F. regular and concentrated distribution, and their 1968 Active regions of the Southwest Pacific. Can. J. Earth highest concentration is to the north-west of that Sci. 5(4): 1045-9. of the shallower shocks. Close relationships be "The south-west quadrant of the Pacific, from tween the patterns of seismicity and isostatic gra southern New Zealand to central New Guinea, con vity anomalies are not apparent."-abstr. [96] tains eight distinct active regions of the asymmet ric type (i.e. continental margins and island arcs) . DICKINSON, W.R.; HATHERTON, T. These regions vary widely in size, shape, and geo 1967 Andesite volcanism and seismicity around the Pacific. dynamic character. Four of them face towards and Science, N.Y. 157(3790): 801-3. four away from the Pacific Ocean; hence the con Includes reference to the Tonga-Kermadec arc, cept of circum-Pacific active belt is only partly with a diagram. [97) applicable ...The South-west Pacific is a severe DILL, R.F. see [372]. testing ground for hypotheses concerned with large scale processes and structures in the upper mantle DORMAN, J. see [14]. and crust."-abstr. [107] DRAKE, C.L. see also [168], [409]. 1969 Continental margins. Geophys. Monogr. 13: 549- 56. Includes 200 words on the Tonga-Kermadec arc. EWING, J. see [110], [234]. [98] EWING, M. see [210], [234], [311]. DUDA, S.J. EWING, M.; BRUNE, J., KUO, J. 1965 Secular seismic energy release in the circum-Pacific 1962 Surface-wave studies of the Pacific crust and mantle. belt. Tectonophysics 2(5): 409- 26. Geophys. Monogr. 6: 30-40. Includes earthquakes in the New Zealand Region. A general study of the whole Pacific, including the [99] following statement about the New Zealand region: DUNCAN, AR.; PANTIN, H.M. "Dispersion. curves for the Melanesian-New Zea 1969 Evidence for submarine geothermal activity in the land paths are markedly different from those for Bay of Plenty. N.Z. JI mar. Freshwat. Res. 3: 602-6. the Pacific Basin proper, and suggest a thicker "Gas bubbles rising to the sea surface and unusual crust and lower velocities in the upper mantle." - scattering zones on echo-sounding records provide p. 37. [108) evidence for areas of submarine geothermal activity EWING, M.; HEEZEN, B.C. near Whale Island and White Island."-abstr. [100] 1956 Some problems of Antarctic submarine geology. DUNCAN, J.K. Geophys. Monogr. 1: 74-81. 1964 Submarine sediment data collection and management Includes information on the New Zealand region at the U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office. Tech. Rep. in two charts as well as briefly in the text, with oceanogr. Off., Wash. TR-150: 62 pp. a short note on the Macquarie Island area. [109] Contains a folded chart showing sediment samples EWING, M.; HOUTZ, R.; EWING, J. from the South-west Pacific filed in U.S. Naval 1969 South Pacific sediment distribution. J. geophys. Res. Oceanographic Office on 1st January 1963. [IOI] 74(10): 2477-93. EADE, J.V. "Seismic profiler data from about 200,000 km of 1967 A checklist of Recent New Zealand Foraminifera. traverse in the South Pacific are used to develop

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ a sediment isopach map of the area."-abstr. ence to the origin and history of the fauna and flora) . Areas to the north and east of New Zealand are Tuatara 2(2): 72-90. well covered, particularly the Hikurangi Trench. A description of the geological history of the New [110) Zealand area. [121] EWING, W.M. see [402). 1950 The geology of the Mokohinau Islands, North Auck- FAIRBRIDGE, R.W. land. Trans. Proc. R. Soc. N.Z. 78 (2 & 3): 255--68. 1957 Continental margin of the Southwest Pacific. Advanc- Includes a description of the morphology of the ing or retreating? Proc. 9th Pacif. Sci. Congr. 12: 69. seafloor surroundings the islands, including a pro Abstract only. Attempts to explain the nature of file. Also relates the islands structurally to the the fairly deep marine basins lying between Aus other areas of New Zealand. [122] tralia and the Andesite line. [111] 1951 Some post-Miocene changes in New Zealand environ- 1962 Basis for submarine nomenclature in the South-west ments. N.Z. Sci. Rev. 9( 10): 166-71. Pacific Ocean. Dt. hydrogr. Z. 15(1): 1-15. A paper presented to a symposium on present dis Gives the history of names of features including tribution of New Zealand plants and animals as a "Table of principal exploring and surveying affected by geological factors, contributing the his voyages in the Melanesian region" and an exten torical background, from the geological viewpoint. sive bibliography. [112] Includes a bathymetric map, giving names of sub marine features, some used here for the first time. FAIRBRIDGE, R.W.; VAN DER LINDEN, W.J.M. [123] 1966 Tasman Sea. Pp. 898-902 in Fairbridge, R.W. (ed.), "Encyclopedia of Oceanography". Reinhold Pub. 1952a A Foveaux Strait Oyster-bed. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. Corp. New York. xiii and 1021 pp. B34(2): 73-83. Defines the Tasman Sea and briefly describes its "The substratum and animal community of a Fov bathymetry, sediments and structure. [113] eaux Strait oyster-bed are described on the basis of material obtained during a day's dredging the FARQUHAR, H. east bed, north of Ruapuke."-abstr. [124] 1966 The New Zealand Plateau. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 39: 135-7. 1952b The seas between. Pp. 102-26 in Simpson, F.A. (ed.) A description of the New Zealand Plateau from "The Antarctic Today". New Zealand Antarctic soundings made by HMS Penguin and other ves Society, Wellington. 389 pp. sels in connection with the laying of the Pacific A description of the morphology, structure, sub telegraph-cable from British Columbia to marine processes and hydrology of the Southern New Zea Ocean, including the south part of the New Zea land and Australia. [1 14) land area. [ 125] FARQUHAR, O.C. 1952c The White Island Trench : a submarine graben in 1966 Seamounts, ancient and modern. New Scient. 29 the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Proc. 7th Pacif. Sci. (487): 698-702. Congr. 3: 210--13. Ancient seamounts exist in Northland, New Zea White Island Trench is a submarine depression, land and these are described, together with brief 3,000 feet deep, traced northeast from the Bay of information on the structural history of the New Plenty to 850 frns near White Island. The Trench Zealand region in relation to them. [115] is a "back-deep" on the inner side of the East FERGUSSON, G.J.; RAFTER, T.A. Cape--Kermadec-Tonga welt and foredeep. It is 1959 New Zealand 14C age measurements - 4. N.Z. JI homologous with the Taupo Graben of the North Geol. Geophys. 2(1): 208-41. Island, and is marked by a line of recent volca A list of samples dated in the Nuclear Sciences noes. Includes two charts. [126] laboratory. Includes three submarine samples from 1953 The geology of the Snares Islands, Part l. General Cook Strait and Hawke Bay. [116] Geology. Bull N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 13: 27 FERRAR, H.T. pp. (Cape Expedition Series.) 1925 Soundings in the seas around New Zealand. N.Z. JI A brief description of the submarine geology of Sci. Technol. 7(5): 295-7. New Zealand sub-antarctic seas, including a chart. A very preliminary description, posing many ques [127] tions now answered, e.g. "Does the Kermadec Deep 1954 Ecology of the Sub-antarctic Islands : geological his extend southwards past the East coast earthquake tory. Proc. N.Z. ecol. Soc. 2: 16. centre and cut off the Chatham Islands from New A short description of the geological history of Zealand?" Generally provides more questions than Campbell Islands and the Auckland Islands. [128] information, but does include a map showing soun 1957 Sea lions as geological agents. J. sedim. Petrol. 21 dings taken around New Zealand, and a few sub (]): 22-5. marine contours. [1 17) Numbers of water worn basalt pebbles probably FINLAY, H.J. see [315]. obtained from marine locations around the Auck land Islands and carried in the stomachs . of sea FISHER, R.L. lions, are found in the surface and embedded in 1954 On the soundings of trenches. Deep Sea Res. 2(I): recent peat deposits at the Snares Islands. [ 129] 48'....58. 1962 New Zealand biogeography; a paleontologist's ap Results of extensive bathymetric investigations of proach. Tuatara 10(2): 53-108. the Tonga and Japan Trenches made by the Scripps Includes a discussion of the structure of the New Institution of Oceanography research vessels Hori Zealand region and its history. [130 zon and Spencer F. Baird during 1952-53. [ 118] ] 1963 A moa-bone from the sea-floor in Cook Strait. Ree. 1955 The trenches of the Pacific. Scient. Am. 193(5): 36- 231-3. 41. Dom. Mus. Wellington 4(16): Description, including diagrams and profiles, of the "An imperfect tibia of Anoma/opteryx oweni Tonga-Kermadec Trench. Includes theories of its (Haast) (?), trawled from 50 fms off Kapiti history. No bibliography [119] Island is thought to be the first fossil record of a . terrestrial animal on the New Zealand continental see also [339]. shelf, an area that was probably land in at least FISHER, R.L.; HESS, H.H. some of the glacial stages of the Pleistocene." 1963 Trenches. Pp. 411-36 in Hill, M.N. (ed.) "The sea. abstr. [131] 3." Interscience, New York. 1967 Biogeographic change related to Mesozoic orogenic Includes material on the Tonga-Kermadec Trench. history in the South-west Pacific. Tectonophysics [120] 4(4---0): 419-27. FLEMING, C.A. Though mainly concerned with fossil evidence, 1949 The geological history of New Zealand ( with refer- includes a discussion of Mesozoic history in New 13

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Zealand and theories concerning it. [132] The text describes methods and procedure, but 1969a The Mesozoic of New Zealand: a chapter in the accompanying it are nine charts in which the sur history of the circum-Pacific mobile belt. Proc. geol. veys include marine areas adjacent to the coast. Soc. 1655: 101-3. [142] Abstract of a paper given at a meeting. Mainly GILL, E.G. a discussion of the New Zealand geosyncline and 1950 Some unusual shore platforms near Gisborne, North its relation to Pacific structure. [133] Island, New Zealand. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 78(1): 64- 1969b Venus, Mars and Jupiter the bringer of jollity; pre- 8. There is evidence for eustatic level lower than the sidential address. Aust. J. Sci. 32(3): 68-78. A general discussion of the development of some present sea level in the continuation of the courses branches of science in New Zealand, including a of streams across the continental shelf. [143] description of seafloor spreading in the New Zea 1968 Quaternary shore lines research in Australia and land area. [134] New Zealand. Aust. J. Sci. 31(3): 106-11. see also [ 44], [315]. Contains a reference to Capricorn Seamount (Tonga Trench) in relation to the rise and fall of FLEMING, C.A.; HUTION, C.O. sea level in the Australian and New Zealand 1949 Notes on the geology of Kapiti Island, Cook Strait, region, and to the Campbell Plateau. The majority New Zealand. Trans. Proc. R. Soc. N.Z. 77(4): 456- of the paper concerns Australia. [144] 68. "The submarine topography suggests that a ridge GILL, P.J.; MACDONALD, W.J.P. at one time extended from Kapiti to the eastern 1967 Large scale earth resistivity experiment in New Zea- Marlborough Sounds and that a continuous tec land. Nature, Lond. 216: 1195-7. tonic scarp joined the east coast of Kapiti and the Discusses the difference between the patterns west side of the Wairau Plain."-abstr. [135] around the north electrode (in good contact with the sea) and the Benmore electrode (in the middle FLEMING, C.A.; REED, J.J. 1951 Mernoo Bank, east of Canterbury, New Zealand. of the South Island) . (145] N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 32(6): 17-30. GILMOUR, I.A. see [166]. "Mernoo Bank, 90 miles east of the South Island GILMOUR, R. of New Zealand, rises from depths greater than 1953 Submarine investigations and borings, West Tamaki 200 fms to an oval flattish summit occupying 800 Strait, Motukorea area. N.Z. Engng 8(6): 201-4. square miles of sea-bottom shallower than 100 This paper deals with investigations to explore fms. . . . The bank is interpreted as a tectonic the strata below the seabed in the Waitemata Har dome on the western end of the Chatham Rise." bour, and in particular the area surrounding Motu -abstr. korea (Brown's Island) and the east and west Includes some sediment analyses. [136] Tamaki Straits. Describes in some detail the rigs FRIIS, H.R. (Ed.) . used by the Drainage Board in these investiga 1967 "The Pacific Basin: a history of its geographical tions. exploration". American Geographical Society, New Gives the geological background and the results Yark. 457 pp. of the survey. (146] A scholarly work, especially useful in the context GILPIN-BROWN, J.B. see (401]. of marine geology for its description of the South Pacific expeditions, e.g. the Challenger Expedition. GIRDLER, R.W. Contains extensive bibliographies and charts. 1%8 Statistical analyses of terrestrial heat flow and seis [137] micity of the Pacific Ocean. Geophys. Monogr. 12: FURKERT, F.W. 35-9. 1947 Westport Harbour. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 76(3): 373- "Correlations are drawn between depth of seis 402. micity, satellite gravity data, heat flow, and vari Description of depths, silting and dredging opera ous tectonic features of the Pacific Ocean."-abstr. tions in Westport Harbour. Between 1913 and Includes references to the New Zealand region 1947, 19,700,000 cubic yards of material have been both in the text and in accompanying charts. [147] dredged out of the Harbour and dumped to lee ward of the entrance. Includes charts and dia GLAESSNER, M.F. grams. [138] 1952 The geology of the Tasman Sea. Aust. J. Sci. 14(4): 111-14. GALE, A.W. see [169], [170]. A summary of theories on the historical geology GASKELL, T.F. and topography of the Tasman Sea. Also includes 1957 Seismic results in relation to the Andesite line. Proc. his own speculative theories. Comes to the conclu 9th Pacif. Sci. Congr. 12: 66-8. sion "It is clear that only future oceanography A general description, including examples for the and geophysical and geological work in the Tas northern part of the New Zealand area. (139] man Sea area can lead to firm conclusions about its geological history and constitution." p. 114. GASKELL, T.F. (Ed.) 1967 "The earth's mantle". Academic Press, New York. (148] 509 pp. 1953 Recent advances in the study of mountain building Includes information on the New Zealand region in the South-west Pacific region. Proc. 8th Paci/. Sci. in charts (see pp. 79, 81, 128, 165, 188, 191, 484- Congr. 2A: 700-5. 5). (140] Includes treatment of submarine structures around New Zealand, and reference to and discussion of GEE, R.D. see [429] items [20), [29], [123). [149] GERARD, V.B. GOLDBERG, E.D. see [344]. 1953 Aeromagnetic observations over the Banks Penin sula area and the Mernoo Bank. N.Z. JI Sci. Tech GOODELL, H.G. nol. B 35(2): 152-60. 1966 Antarctic marine geology. Geotimes ll(4): 24-6. "Anomalies indicate that Mernoo Bank is predom A short description of the Eltanin cruises, mostly inantly non-magnetic and therefore quite different concerning Antarctica, but with some information from Banks Peninsula."-abstr. on the New Zealand region, including two charts. Also includes some description of Lyttelton and see also (18]. (150] Akaroa Harbours. [141] GRANT-TAYLOR, T.L. GERARD, V.B.; LAWRIE, J.A. 1966 Cook Strait. Pp. 394-7 in McLintock. A.H. (ed.) 1955 Aeromagnetic surveys in New Zealand, 1949-1952. "An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand", Vol. 1. Govt. Geophysics Mem. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 3: Printer, Wellington. xxxi + 928 pp. 19 pp. A general account, including a description of the

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ floor of Cook Strait, its formation, major faults -14. Noumea to Auckland; 15. Auckland to east and two charts. [151] coast of New Zealand to Wellington; 16. Welling GRANT-TAYLOR, T.L.; HORNIBROOK, N.deB. ton via Tasman Sea to Newcastle, Australia. [159] 1964 The Makara faulted outlier and the age of Cook GREVE, Sv.; SPARCK, R. Strait. lv.Z. 11 Geo/. Geophys. 7(2): 299-313. 1956 "The Galathea Deep Sea Expedition, 1950-52, Includes discussion and several charts showing the described by members of the Expedition." Allen and geological history of Cook Strait. [152] U nwin, London. 296 pp. GREAT BRITAIN. HYDROGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT. Includes material on the New Zealand area. [160] 1903-1949 List of oceanic depths. London. Admiralty Lists GRIM, P.J. of depths and nature of bottom. Volumes for the 1969 Heat flow measurements in the Tasman Sea. J. geo- following years include stations in the New Zealand phys. Res. 74(15): 3933-4. area : "In September 1967, 14 ocean bottom heat flow 1903 (Vol. 194), 1904 (Vol. 196); 1907 (Vol. 212), measurements were attempted in the Tasman Sea 1912 (Vol. 245) , 1913 (Vol. 248) , 1914 (Vol. 251), from the ESSA Coast and Geodetic Survey ship 1917 (Vol. 259) , 1919 (Vol. 265), 1920 (Vol. 269), Oceanographer. Seven of these are considered suc 1921, 1922, 1923 (Vol. 275) , 1924 (Vol. 270). 1926 cessful and are presented in Table I and Fig. l." (Vol. 284), 1927 (Vol. 286) , 1928 (Vol. · 289), -abstr. [161] 1929, 1930 (Vol. 299) , 1932 (Vol. 317) , 1935 (Vol. GRTNDLEY, G.W. 324), 1936 (Vol. 327) , 1938 (Vol. 331), 1947, 1948 1957 Mesozoic orogenies in New Zealand. Proc. 9th (Vol. 456). Paci/. Sci. Congr. 12: 71-5. Continues from Great Britain. Hydrographic Office. Abstract only. History of the New Zealand region [153] in Mesozoic times. Includes four charts. [162] 1946 "The New Zealand Pilot, comprising the coasts of the North and South Islands of New Zealand Stew GRINDLEY, G.W.; HARRINGTON, H.J. art Island and adjacent islands, Kermadec, Chatham. 1957 Late Tertiary and Quaternary volcanicity and struc Bounty, Antipodes, Auckland and Campbell Islands.'' ture in New Zealand. Proc. 9th Pacif. Sci. Congr. 12: (11th Ed.) Admiralty, London. 44 pp. 198-203. Describes features of the coasts and harbours for Abstract only. Includes discussion of the structure navigational purposes including depths, hazards, of submarine features, e.g. Tonga-Kermadec area. dangers, etc. [154] Five charts. [163] GREAT BRITAIN. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE. GUTENBERG, B.; RICHTER, C.F. 1954 "Seismicity of the earth and associated phenomena." 1888-1902 List of oceanic depths . . London. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J. 310 pp. Admiralty lists of depths and nature of the bottom Includes a description of the New Zealand area for stations in the New Zealand area. Volumes for and three useful charts. There are several other the years 1888, 1890, 1892, 1893, 1894, 1895 1896 ' ' references to the New Zealand area under Kerma 1897, 1898, 1899, 1901 1902. dec and New Zealand. (see index, p. 309) . [164] Continues as Great Britain. Hydrographic Depart ment. [155] HAAST, J. 1889 "Search for reported dangers in the South Pacific 1868 On the recent earthquakes on land and sea. Trans. between New Zealand and the Tonga Islands made Proc. N.Z. Inst. 1: 147. by Captain Pelham Aldrich, in H.M. Surveying Ship Description of an earthquake to the northeast of "Egeria", 1888; with lists of soundings and tempera New Zealand in 1868. [165] tures . . . remarks on Sunday [Raoul] Island Ker HAGYARD, 1.; GILMOUR, I.A.; MOTTRAM, W.D. madec Group, soundings between New Zealan'd and 1969 A proposal to remove sand bars by fluidisation. N.Z. Tasmania." Admiralty, London. 28 pp. .TI Sci. 12: 851-64. Several sounding surveys were made to locate "A method is proposed whereby fluidisation is specific reported dangers, only one of which utilised to intercept coastal movement of sand bars (Pelorus Reef) was found. There are remarks on in harbour entrances. The results of preliminary th� ?eepest sounding obtained (4,428 fros), des design calculations are given, together with ap cnpt10n of the surveys, tables of soundings des proximate coasts for the harbour of Westport, cribing also the nature of the bottom, and tables New Zealand."-abstr. [166] of temperature observations at various depths. HAMILTON, R.M. (156] 1968 Reply to R.P. Suggate's letter (1). N.Z. JI Geol. GREEN, R. Geophys. 11(5): 1277. 1962 Tasmanian records of earthquake T-phases from see also [173], [175], 386]. [167] New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 5(2): 322-30. [ "Some 15-20 minutes after the arrival in Tasmania HAMILTON, R.M.; EVISON, F.F. of the P-wave from earthquakes, especially in 1967 Earthquakes at intermediate depths in southwest south-west New Zealand and Macquarie Island, New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 10(6): 1319- the low velocity (1.47 km/sec.) T-phase arrives. 29. The T-phase travels over the intervening ocean Earthquake activity in the southern seismic region through a very efficient wave-guide as an acous of New Zealand extends to intermediate depths of tical wave and at the continental shelf generates about 103 ± 5 km. The area is classed as an active a number of transformed waves."-abstr. [157] margin between the New Zealand continental mass see also and the Tasman Sea. The Tasman margin is fully [347]. discussed. [168] GREGG, D.R. HAMILTON, R.M.; GALE, A. 1958 Reports of a submarine eruption off New Zealand 1968 Seismicity and structure of North Island, New Zea- in 1877. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 1(3): 459-60. land. J. geophys. Res. 73(12): 3859-76. "Submarine eruptions were reported on 1 Dec. "The configuration of New Zealand's major seismic 1877 near East Cape. They were probably not of zone, which occurs with other geophysical features volcanic origin, and may have been a tsunami." in the pattern that is typical of active continental -abstr. [158] margins and island arcs, is explained using com GREVE, Sv. puter-determined hypocenters for approximately 1938 Echo soundings : an analysis of the results. Dana 500 earthquakes since 1962.... The structure of Rep. 14: 1-25. the North Island region is similar in some respects Short description of the features of each area, and to that of the Tonga-Kermadec region to the morphological profiles drawn from the soundings. northeast, but the two regions are separated by The New Zealand region appears in three sections a gap in seismicity, a change in trend and a dis-

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ continuity in the oceanic trench system."-abstr. Cruises 22-27, January 1966-February 1967. Tech. Supports Hamilton & Evison's and Summerhayes' Rep. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obs. Columbia Univ. interpretation of the structure off the Fiordland 2-CU-2-69: 130 pp. coast. [169] Bathymetric and geomagnetic measurements for 1969 Thickness of the mantle seismic zone beneath the cruises 22-27, which include traverses over much North Island of New Zealand. J. geophys. Res. 74 of the New Zealand region. [178] (6): 1608-13. HAYES, M.O. Includes general discussion of the New Zealand 1967 Relationship between coastal climate and bottom Region and references to Hikurangi Trench. [170] sediment type on the inner continental shelf. Mar. HANLEY, A. see [93]. Geol. 5: 111-32. General discussion of relationships in all areas HARRINGTON, H.J. of the world, with reference to the New Zealand 1965 Geology and geomorphology of Antarctica. Pp. 1-71 region (type A, young mountain range coast) in in Mieghem, J. Van, Van Oye, P. "Biogeography and a chart and a table. [179] ecology in Antarctica". W. Junk, The Hague. Includes a description of the seafloor around the HAYES, R.C. Subantarctic Islands, and its structure. Discusses 1934 The focal depth of the Pacific earthquake of Sept. palaeogeography of an area including part of the 6th, 1933. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 16(3): 156-7. New Zealand region. [171] This earthquake, originating in the region between see also the Kermadec and Tonga Islands, is studied, and [163]. the conclusion is that its focal depth was 600 km. HATHERTON, T. Includes two diagrams. [180] 1952 Gravity profiles across the Canterbury Plains. N.Z. 1935a Seismic waves and crustal structure in the New Zea- JI Sci. Technol. B 34(1): 13-20. land region. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 17(3): 519-28. "A reconnaissance gravity survey of the Canter "Observations of 10 well-recorded New Zealand bury Plains has revealed that the Canterbury Plains earthquakes during the period 1931 to 1934 indi syncline is modified by the Kermadec Trench to the cate a continental crustal structure in the New northeast and the Bounty Basin to the southeast. Zealand region, resembling that postulated by The axis of the syncline rises to [within] about Jeffreys for the European continent, but with 3,300ft of the land surface due west of Banks velocities distinctly higher than those found in Peninsula".-abstr. [ 172] typically continental regions."-conclusion. [181] 1967a Total magnetic force measurements over the North N.Z. Jl 1935b A new phase in deep-focus earthquakes. N.Z. Jl Sci. Macquarie Ridge and Solander Trough. Geol. Technol. 17(3): 553-62. Geophys. 10(5): 1204-11. A study of the Wellington records of deep-focus "Associated with the North Macquarie Ridge is earthquakes in the southwest Pacific. "A prom a positive total magnetic force anomaly of 500--- inent phase appearing a few minutes after ScS on 600 gammas amplitude and between 5 and 30 kilo the Milne-Shaw seismograms at the Dominion metres in width. The course of this° anomaly is Observatory, Wellington, of seven abnormally traced from latitude 51 °S, long. 163 E, for a dis deep-focus earthquakes in the south-west Pacific tance of 500 km north-north-east to Preservation has been identified as a transverse wave reaching Inlet, New Zealand where measurements cease. the station after having been reflected, first at the A subsidiary positive anomaly appears to be asso earth's surface near the epicentre, and then at the ciated with the Western flank of the Solander boundary of the core." P. 56 2. [182] Trough. The magnetic anomaly associated with the North Macquarie Ridge is related to other 1935c Earthquake frequency in New Zealand: seasonal and geophysical features of south-west New Zealand." diurnal variations. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 16(6): 343-8. -abstr. [173] "The present paper deals with seasonal and diur nal variations of frequency from all non-instru see also [167), [175], [386]. mental data from 1848 to 1934, and also from 1967b Geophysical study of Nelson-Cook Strait region, instrumental records as far back as sufficient data New Zealand. N.Z. Jl Geol. Geophys. 10(6): 1330--- are available-that is from 1923."-intro. 47. Discusses land and submarine earthquakes in the Mainly a description of the magnetics and gravity New Zealand region. Includes several tables and of the Nelson region, but includes a section on diagrams. [183] the geophysical anomalies in Cook Strait. [174] 1936 Normal and deep earthquakes in the South-west 1968 Reply to R.P. Suggate's letter (2) . N.Z. Jl Geol. Pacific. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 17(5) 691-701. Geophys. 11(5): 1278-9. "Aims at presenting as complete a list as possible see also [167), [173], [386]. [175] of deep earthquakes° ° in the° south-west Pacific 1969 Gravity anomalies over the eu- and mio-geosyn [defined as 0 -50 S !at. 140 E-160'W long.] dur clinal systems of California and New Zealand. Bull. ing the period 1918 to 1934, also some statistics geol. Soc. Am. 80: 213-29. showing the distribution of these earthquakes in "The similarity of possible ultramafic and andesite space and time, as compared with the distribution occurrences in the Tasman Basin-Macquarie of normal earthquakes." P. 692. Ridge-Solander Trough system, at present devoid Includes a chart. Approximately 25 deep earth of sediments, to those of the California and New quakes were in the New Zealand area. [184] Zealand systems, leads to the hypothesis that an 1939 The deep-focus earthquakes of the South-west Paci- ultramafic-cored ridge predates sedimentation dur fic. Proc. 6th Pacif. Sci. Congr. 1: 131-4. ing the orogenic phase."-abstr. [176] General discussion, mentioning the apparent exis see also [39], [74), [97], [299]. tence of three regions of deep focus earthquakes in the New Zealand region : 1. Northeast portion HAYES, D.E. of North Island; 2. submarine region east of North 1968 Marine geophysical observations aboard Eltanin, Island; 3. Southwest area of South Island. There 1967-1968. Antarctic JI U.S. 3(5): 171-2. is also a region around the Kermadec Islands. A short description of Eltanin cruises 28 and 29, [185] the former in the Tasman Sea. Describes research N.Z. in progress on the samples and data obtained on 1941a Earthquake origins in the New Zealand region. the cruise. [177] JI Sci. Technol. B 22(5): 225-30. "A map is presented showing revised earthquake see also [212]. origins in the New Zealand region for the years HA YES, D.E.; HEIRTZLER, J.R.; HERRON, E.M.; 1931 and 1936 to 1940 inclusive. The methods of PITMAN, W.C. determining epicentres and focal depths are briefly 1969 Preliminary Report of Volume 21 U.S.N.S. Eltanin outlined. . . . The influence of focal depth on the

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ surface effects of earthquakes is illustrated by two ent earthquakes in the Cook Strait region in Janu isoseismal maps."-abstr. ary-February 1950; with special consideration of Includes earthquakes of submarine origin, predom the intensities of the four largest shocks. Maps inantly from Cook Strait and the east coast of are included showing the epicentres of all the North Island. [186] shocks located, and the isoseismals for three of 1941b The seismicity of New Zealand. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. the largest shocks. . . . The seismic history of the B 23(2): 49-52. region is discussed briefly."-abstr. [200] "New Zealand is divided into four seismic regions 1953 Earthquake origins in New Zealand during the year on the basis of maximum earthquake intensity and 1951. N.Z. JI Sd. Technol. B 34(4): 252-6. average frequency of shocks."-abstr. as [192). [201] Includes marine areas. [187) 1955 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1953. 1942 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1941. Bull. seism. Obs. Wellington S-99: 6 pp. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 23(6): 210-11. Comprises tables and a chart of earthquakes Comprises a chart showing earthquake epicentres, including submarine ones, mainly originating in including many submarine locations, and a table Cook Strait and off the northeast coast of North giving dates and times of occurrence. [188) Island. [202] 1943a The sub-crustal structure in the New Zealand region 1959 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1954. from seismic data. Bull. seism. Soc. Am. 33(2): 75-9. Bull. seism. Obs. Wellington S-106: 5 pp. A very short paper with two diagrams, and a as [192). [203] chart giving evidence to suggest the existence of see also [1]. a discontinuity from East Cape to the south of HEALY, J.; LLOYD, E.F.; BANWELL, C.J.; ADAMS, R.D. Cook Strait, the depth varying from 30 km to 350 1965 Volcanic eruption on Raoul Island, November 1964. km. [189) Nature, Lond. 205(4973): 743-5. 1943b Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1942. Includes a history of volcanic eruptions on the N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 24(4): 191-4. island, including those in Denham Bay in 1814 Comprises a chart showing earthquake epicentres, and 1872. After the 1964 eruption soundings made including many submarine locations, and a table in Denham Bay showed changes in the morphol giving dates and times of occurrence. [190] ogy of the seafloor. [204 ] 1943c On earthquake distribution in New Zealand. N.Z. see also [376] and [377]. JI Sci. Technol. B 24(5): 236-8. HECTOR, J. "The distribution of destructive and non-destruc 1866-7 Notes on the coast and harbours from Milford tive earthquake epicentres in New Zealand is pre Sound to Hokitika. Rep. geol. Surv. N.Z. 4: 42-8. sented on a map. The results ... provide detail Contains information on depth in various har regarding the variation of seismic activity from bours, mainly from the viewpoint of boat access. place to place."-abstr. [205] Includes marine areas. [191] HEDERVARI, P. 1944 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1943. 1967 Investigations regarding the earth's seismicity. 5. On N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 25(5): 226-8. the earthquake geography of the Pacific Basin and Comprises a chart showing earthquake epicentres, the seismotectonical importance of the andesite line. including many submarine locations, and a table Beitr. Geophys 76(5): 393-405. giving dates and times of occurrence. [192] An investigation of the seismotectonic and earth 1945 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1944. quake-geographic relationship between the ande N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 27(1): 33-5. site line and certain structures of the periphery as [192). [193] of the Pacific. The place defined by the distribu tion of hypocenters of earthquakes is discussed as 1946 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1945. being a gigantic fault or fault system which beds N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 27(6): 436-8. from the oceanic trench toward the territory under as [192). [194] the mainland. [206] 194 7 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1946. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 29(2): 90-3. HEDLEY, C. as 1910 The submarine slope of New South Wales. Proc. .[192]. [195] Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 35(1): 9-21. 1948 Earthquakes in New Zealand during the year 1947. Divided into three sections-the Notonectian cur N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 30(2): 102-5. rent, the continental shelf and the continental base, as [192]. [196] the latter a description of the Tasman Sea as far 1949 Some aspects of earthquake activity in the New as New Zealand, including notes on the structural Zealand region. Proc. 7th Paci/. Sci. Congr. 2: 629- history of the region. [207] 36. HEEZEN, B.C. Deals briefly with three aspects of earthquake 1960 The rift in the ocean floor. Scient. Am. 203(4): 98- activity (much of it submarine) in the New Zea 110. land region: Mentions that the mid-ocean ridge connects with 1. The distribution of epicentres of normal and the Great Alpine Fault of New Zealand, and intermediate earthquakes and shocks of different includes a profile of the Southwest Pacific rift. magnitudes; [208] 2. The distribution of surface intensity in earth 1963 The Tonga-Kermadec and Hikurangi Trenches. quakes; Abstr. Pap. int. Ass. phys. Oceanogr. 6: 70. (xiii 3. Correlation of instrumental magnitude of an General Assembly, lnt. Un. Geod. Geophys.). earthquake with its focal depth, epicentral activity. Outlines investigations carried out from R.V. and radius of felt area. [197] Verna in 1962 using piston corer and rock dredge 1951 Earthquake origins in New Zealand during the year for 50 observations at 25 stations, and seismic 1949. N.Z. Jl Sci. Technol. B 31(4): 43-5. reflection profiler, nuclear resonance magnetometer as [192]. [198] precision depth recorder and Graf sea-gravimeter for 3000 miles of continuous recordings. Gives a 1952a Earthquake origins in New Zealand during the year brief discussion of the results. [209] 1950. N.Z. Jl Sci. Technol. B 33{4): 304-8. as [192]. HEEZEN, B.C.; EWING, M. [199] 1963 The mid-oceanic ridge. Pp. 388-4 10 in Hill, M.N. 1952b The Cook Strait earthquake: 1950 Jan.-Feb. N.Z. (ed.) "The Sea. 3. The earth beneath the sea, His JI Sci. Technol. B 33(4): 309-18. tory". Wiley, New York. 963 pp. "Some particulars are given of the most promin- A short description of the mid-oceanic ridge in

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ the New Zealand area, some general remarks (e.g. the study of the seas. Vol. 1. The earth beneath on origin) being relevant. [210] the sea." Interscience, New York. 963 pp. see .also [ 109]. General references to Kermadec and Tonga Trenches which can be located through the index. HEFFORD, A.E. [219] 1949 Oceanography of New Zealand seas. Trans. R. Soc. HOBBS, W. H. N.Z. 77(5): 212-21. General review presented in 1947 at the Sixth 1923 The growing mountain ranges of the Pacific region. Science Congress, covering physical oceanography Proc. 2nd Pan-Pacif. Sci. Congr. 1: 746-57. (soundings), hydrology and biological oceano New Zealand is taken as an example of an island graphy. [211] arc to study. The structure of the Tasman Sea and Tonga-Kermadec areas is discussed. [220] HEIRTZLER, J.R. see [178], [334], [335]. HOCHSTEIN, M.P. HEIRTZLER, J.R.; HAYES, D.E.; HERRON, E.M.; PIT 1967 Interpretation of magnetic anomalies across Norfolk MAN, W.C. Ridge. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 10(5): 1302-8. 1969 Preliminary report of volume 20, U.S.N.S. Eltanin "Total magnetic force anomalies across Norfolk cruises 16-21, January 1965-January 1966. Tech. Ridge are caused by basaltic extrusions which are Rep. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Obs. Columbia Univ. normally magnetised with an average magnetisa 3-CU-3-69: 122 pp. tion of 1.4 times 10-2e.m.u. These rocks have a Bathymetric and geomagnetic measurements for minimum thickness of about 1.5-2.0 km in the cruises 16-21, including much of the New Zealand central part of the ridge, and are covered by a region. [212] thin layer of non-magnetic deposits."-abstr. HENDERSON, J. [221] 1933 The geological aspects of the Hawkes Bay earth- HOCHSTEIN, M.P.; REILLY, W.I. quakes. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 15(1): 38-75. 1967 Magnetic measurements in the South-west Pacific Gives the background geology of New Zealand Ocean. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 10(6): 1527-62. in relation to the Southwest Pacific, and the geo "Total magnetic force and bathymetric profiles logy of part of Hawkes Bay. Includes theories on totalling 25,000 km have been measured in the faults and movements, partly submarine. [213] South-west Pacific Ocean between New Zealand, 1937 Notes on the Wairoa earthquake. N.Z. JI Sci. Tech- Fiji and the Cook Islands."-abstr. nol. 18(12): 854--7. They exhibit magnetic anomaly patterns which are Includes discussion of the structure of the area in related to diverse geological and structural fea the larger Pacific pattern. Many epicentres of the tures. [222] aftershocks were out at sea. Earthquake occurred HODGSON, J.H. 16th September 1932. [214] 1955 Direction of faulting in Pacific earthquakes. Geofis. HERDMAN, H.F.P. pura appl. 32: 31-42. 1957 Recent bathymetric charts and maps of the Southern Analyses of seismograph records by Byerly's Ocean and waters around Antarctica. Deep Sea Res. method shows that transcurrent faulting is very 4(2): 130-7. important. Of ten earthquakes in the Southwest Includes discussion of the merits of U.S.H.O. chart Pacific, all show transcurrent faulting. [223] No. 2562 (3rd Ed.) which includes the New Zea 1956 Direction of faulting in some of the larger earth land region. [215] quakes of the South-west Pacific, 1950-1954. Pubis HERDMAN, H.F.P.; WISEMAN, J.D.H.; OVEY, C.D. Dom. Obs. 18(9): 169--216. 1956 Proposed names of features on the deep-sea floor. "The direction of faulting is determined ... to 3. Southern or Antarctic Ocean. Deep Sea Res. 3(4): permit a study of the failure pattern in the area. 253-61. It is concluded that faulting in the South-west "The history of names in the Southern Ocean is Pacific is principally strike-slip, on steeply dipping discussed, followed by the names of those pro planes. The strike direction of the faults is not posed by the British National Committee on the consistent, nor does it show any systematic varia Nomenclature of Ocean Bottom Features."-abstr. tion with latitude, depth of focus, or position on The northern limit for° the ocean in this paper the associated arcuate feature."-abstr. has been taken as 52 S, and the paper therefore Twelve of the earthquakes were associated with includes some features in the New Zealand region, the Tonga-Kermadec region, and the New Zea e.g. Macquarie-Balleny Ridge, Pacific-Antarctic land area. [224] Ridge. see .also [443]. [216] 1957 Nature of faulting in large earthquakes. Bull. geol. E.M. see [178], [212], [334], [335]. Soc. A m. 68(5): 611-44. HERRON, "The Dominion Observatory, Ottawa, has applied HESS, H.H. see [120]. Byerly's method to determine the direction of HESS, H. H.; MAXWELL, J.C. faulting in 65 earthquakes, which makes a total 1949 Major structural f.eatures of the South-west Pacific: of 75 earthquakes so analysed. To date, ten solu a preliminary interpretation of H.O. 5484, bathy tions have received some confirmation by compari metric chart, New Guinea to New Zealand. Proc. son with observed faulting. The method is ambig 7th Pacif. Sci. Congr. 2: 14-17. uous in that two planes, neither of which is indi "A b.1thy'Tietric chart of the area from New cated as the fault, are defined for each solution. G11inea to New Zealand is being prepared in the This does not obscure the fact that of the 75 Hydrographic Office, U.S. Navy ... The present earthquakes all but eight resulted from strike-slip paper is a brief summary and structural inter faulting. . . In the South-west Pacific the null vec pretation of the main bathymetric features to be tors lie parallel to vertical planes striking in the found in the chart." P. 14. direction of the associated geographical features." Includes Kermadec Islands structure -abstr. . [21 7] Includes discussion and diagrams of earthquakes HILL, M. N. in the New Zealand-Kermadec-Tonga region. 1957 Recent geophysical exploration of the ocean floor. [225] Physics Chem. Earth 2: 129-63. 1962 Movements in the earth's crust as indicated by Discusses some methods of geophysical exploration earthquakes. Pp. 67-102 in Runcorn, S.K. (ed.) and r.esults obtained by various people in differ "Continental ddft''. Academic Press. New York. ent parts of the world. e.g. Officer in the South xii + 338 pp. west Pacific. (see P. 297) . [218] This article contains a short discussion of the HILL, M. N. (Ed.) Kermadec-Tonga Trench, including a diagram 1963 "The sea: ideas and observations on progress in showing null direction for this Trench, plotted on

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ a polar stereographic net. [226] ISACKS, B.; MOLNAR, P. HODGSON, J.H.; STOREY, R.S. 1969 Mantle earthquake mechanisms and the sinking of 1954 Direction of faulting in some of the larger earth the lithosphere. Nature, Lond. 223: 1121-4. quakes of 1949. Bull. seism. Soc. Am. 44(1): 57- Includes references to the New Zealand region, 83. particularly the Tonga-Kermadec Arc. [237] Solutions are obtained for 15 earthquakes, includ ISACKS, B.L.; OLIVER, J.; SYKES, L.R. ing the Kermadec Islands earthquake of November 1968 Seismology and new global tectonics. J. geophys. 22, 1949. No attempt is made to correlate the Res. 73(18): 5855-900. results with structure. [227] A general world survey, choosing various areas for HOGBEN, G. particular discussion, e.g. Southwest Pacific. New 1892 The earthquake of the 4th December 1891 : notes Zealand well-covered by chart and first motion thereon. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 25: 362-7. studies of earthquake data for zones of compres Description of an earthquake having its epicentre sion and extension. [238] in northern Cook Strait. [228] 1967 Spatial and temporal clustering of deep and shallow 1904 Notes on the east coast earthquake of 9th August earthquakes in the Fiji- Tonga-Kermadec region. 1904. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 37: 421-4. Bull. seism. Soc. Am. 57(5): 935-58. The epicentre was 227 miles ESE of \Vellington. "A study of the tendency of deep and shallow It is postulated that the earthquake waves passed earthquakes in this reg;on to cluster in space and 2/5 of their path through granite and 3/5 their time revealed that: 1. In general, deep earthquakes path through a rock such as limestone. [229] do not form either aftershock sequences of swarms 1912 Earthquake-origins in the South-west Pacific in 1910. of the types commonly observed in series of Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 44: 139-42. shallow shocks throughout the world; 2. A small A description of earthquakes of 1910, including percentage of the deep earthquakes cluster in the several with epicentres in the New Zealand region. form of multiplets, i.e. small numbers of events includes a chart, table and diagram. closely grouped in space and time; 3. During the [230] seven-year interval studied, clustering of the shal 1918 A note on east coast earthquakes (New Zealand) , low events in the Kermadec region was markedly 1914-17. Trans. Proc. N.Z. Inst. 50: 280-1. greater than that of shallower events in the Ton Discussion and map of several earthquakes with gan region ... [and that of the latter greater than epicentres to the east of North Island. Postulated the Fijian region]. The data provide new con fault planes appear on a chart. [231] straints for hypotheses of focal mechanism." HOLMES, R.W. abstr. [239] 1918-19 Littoral drift as affecting harbour construction in 1969 Focal mechanisms of deep and shallow earthquakes New Zealand. Proc. N.Z . Soc. civ. Engrs 5: 74-141. in the Tonga-Kermadec region, and the tectonics of Description and discussion of the movement of island arcs. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 80(8): 1443-70. beach and seabed material around the coasts of "Well-determined focal mechanisms based on New Zealand, mainly in connection with harbour reliable first motions of both compressional and maintenance. Includes a specific description of the shear waves are presented for 18 shallow, 6 inter following harbours at which improvements have mediate and 15 deep-focus earthquakes in the been effected : Gisborne, Wairoa, Napier, Waitara, Fiji-Tonga-Kermadec region."-abstr. [240] New Plymouth, Patea, Wanganui, Nelson, West port, Greymouth, Hokitika, Wairau, Timaru, IVANOV, M.M. Oamaru, Dunedin. [232] 1963 The work of the non-magnetic vessel Zarya in the Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res. JO: 645-7. HORNIBROOK, N.deB. see [152). Edited translation of: Okeanologiia, 1(5): 920- HOUGH, J.L. 22, 1961. 1956 Sediment distribution in the Southern Ocean around Description of the traverses of the ship Zarya, Antarctica. J. sedim. Petrol. 26(4): 301-6. which made a beginning on magnetic observations Includes almost the whole of the New Zealand in the Pacific Ocean in 1959-60, including two region (to 30°S lat.). The main information is traverses in the New Zealand area. [241] given in a folded chart showing sediment distri JAGGAR, T.A. bution. [233] 1945 "Volcanoes declare war: logistics and strategy of HOUTZ, R. see [110]. Pacific volcano science." Paradise of the Pacific, Honolulu. 166 pp. HOUTZ, R.; EWING, J.; EWING, M.; LONARDI, A.G. Chapter 5, entitled 'New Zealand volcanoes tie up 1967 Seismic reflection profiles of the New Zealand Plat- with Tonga', discusses volcanology in the New eau. J. geophys. Res. 72 (18): 471 3-29. Zealand region. The theory is advanced that a The results of 15,000 km of reflection profiler long crack in the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, data collected by Lamont Geological Observatory with interruptions by very deep water, extends in New Zealand waters up to May 1966. Covers from New Zealand to Hawaii. This hypothesis is the Chatham Rise, Bounty Basin, Campbell Pla based on the striking sympathies of eruptive dates teau, northwestern regions and Hikurangi Trench. between the volcanoes of New Zealand, Tonga, [234] Samoa and Hawaii. [242] HULME, S.G. 1961 Dredgings from Manukau Harbour, Auckland. JEROME, J.L. see [434]. Bull. Conch. Sect. Auckland Mus. 16: 2-5. JESPERSEN, P.; TANING, A.V.; GREVE, S.V. Depth and lithology are given for 22 stations, 1934 Introduction to the reports from the Carlsberg Foun located in an accompanying chart; profiles of dation's oceanographical expedition round the world, Manukau Harbour are given. [235] 1928-30. Dana Rep. 1: 7-130. HULSTON, J.R. see [250]. Consists of charts of the voyage and tables con taining station numbers and information about HUTTON, C.O. see [135]. each. Stas 3621-3654 are in the New Zealand INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SEISMOLOGY area, and soundings for these stations are given. AND PHYSICS OF THE EARTH'S INTERIOR. [243] 1967 "New Zealand National Report 1963-66." Govt. JOHNSON, G.L. see [432] Printer, Wellington, 33 pp. JONES, W.M. Includes information on magnetic surveys south 1944 The use of differences of arrival times of P as an of New Zealand, on earthquake stations at various aid to epi-central determinations in the South Pacific. islands, and a good bibliography. [236] N.Z. Jl Sci. Technol. B 26 (3): 146-54. !SACKS, B. see [312], [313], [314], [400]. Curves were drawn for the more important seismic

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ portions of the S°outh Pacific° on Me° rcator projec KHARKAR, D.B. see [7). tions (area 0-35 S !at. 160 E-170 W long.) . The KIBBLEWHITE, A.C. use of such curves in the determination of epicen 1966a The acoustic detection and location of an under- tres is briefly discussed. [244] water volcano. N.Z. JI Sci. 9(1): 178-99. 1945a Effects of focal depth on epicentral determinations "Study of an unusual component of the sea noise from S-P intervals in the South Pacific region. N.Z. spectrum in the water to the east of the North JI Sci. Technol. B 26(4): 219-26. Island of New Zealand has led to the detection "For earthquakes in the more important seismic and location of a previously unknown area of portion of the South Pacific, the effects of focal underwater volcanic activity in a position some 150 depth on the location. of epicentres by S-� inte� miles ENE of Great Barrier Island. Investigations vals at Wellington, Bnsbane and Suva are mvestt spr.ead over several years have identified several gated, and the displacements of epicent�es due to modes of acoustic activity. These are described and incorrect assumptions of focal depth are illustrated. possible interpretations discussed in relation to Methods are considered for obtaining directly other known examples of underwater volcanoes." good approximations to an epicentre without any -abstr. (252] assumption of focal depth."-abstr. [245] 1966b Detection and location of a new underwater volcano. 1945b The application of P-difference methods of epicen Nature, Land. 210(5039): 938-9. tral determination to New Zealand local seismology. A short communication, describing the South N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 26(6): 359-65. Kermadec Ridge seamounts. These are thought to "Using the travel times of P-phases given for near be of volcanic origin, and at least one, named earthquakes in the Jeffreys-Bullen 1 940 tables, the Rumble III, is still active. Includes a chart. [253] differences in the times of arrival of the first 1967 Note on another active seamount in the South Ker- impulses at the Wellington and New Plymouth; madec Ridge group. N.Z. JI Sci. 10(1): 68-9. and at the Wellington and Tuai Seismological Short description of the discovery of Rumble Ill, stations are shown by a series of curves, both for one of the South Kermadec Ridge Seamounts. a surface focus and for a focus of depth 160 km. Includes a chart. [254] [The curves extend to include marine areas.] The variations with focal depth of the epicentral posi KIBBLEWHITE, A.C.; DENHAM, R.N. tions given by the intersections of such curves are 1967 Bathymetry and total magnetic field of the South discussed, and a method considered of obtaining Kermadec Ridge Seamounts. N.Z. JI Sci. 10(1): an epicentre, from the records of four stations, 52-67. independent of focal depth."-abstr. [246] Bathymetry and magnetic surveys have been 1945c Determination of epicentres in the South Pacific carried out in the vicinity of the South Kermadec from differences in the arrival times of ScS. N.Z. Ridge seamounts. These surveys are described and JI Sci. Technol. B 26(6): 366-69. their significance discussed. The possible existence "The differences in the times of arrival of ScS at of a section of the mid-oceanic ridge between New the Wellington and Suva, and at the Wellington Zealand and Fiji is examined."-abstr. and Brisbane, Seismological Observatories, for Includes six small folded charts. [255] earthquakes in the more important seismic region KING, L.C. of the South Pacific, [north of New Zealand] are 1939 The relation between the major islands of New Zea shown by a series of curves for the case of a sur land (with a bibliography) . Trans. Proc. R. Soc. face focus. The positions of epicentres as deter N.Z. 68: 544-69. mined by the intersections of such curves are not Partly a history of Cook Strait, including various greatly affected by focal depth."-abstr. [247] theories as to its origin. Submarine, structural and 1948 Geomagnetic latitudes and regional anomalies in New other evidence is presented. Includes an extensive Zealand and the South Pacific. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. bibliography. [256] B 30: 118-23. ° ° KINGMA, J.T. "For an axis pole at 78.5 S., 111 E., parallels° of 1959 The tectonic history of New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. geomagnetic south latitude° are shown at 1 inter Geophys. 2(1): 1-55. vals °for N.Z.° and° at 5 intervals for the i,egion Includes references to Cook Strait structure and 0-15 , 150 E-155 W. Regional anomalies in N.Z. history, especially on charts, and mentions the in respect of the theoretical field from the centred relation of Mernoo Bank-Chatham Rise to the dipole, for inclination and horizontal force, are rest of New Zealand. [257] illustrated by a comparison of this field with the KNOX, G.A. actual distribution observed by Farr."-abstr. 1951 Oceanographic research in New Zealand. Sci. Congr. [248] Rep .R. Soc. N.Z. 7: 72-80. KAPLAN, I.R.; RAFTER, T.A. Includes a description of work done on submarine 1965 Transformations of sulphur compounds in the sedi topography and sediments, and projected oceano ments of Milford Sound. Pp 73-6 in Skerman, graphic work. (258] T.M. (ed.) Studies of a Southern Fiord. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 17 (BuU. Dep scient. ind. Res. 1957 General account of the Chatham Islands 1954 Expe N.Z. . dition. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 2: 37 pp. (BuU. 157.) N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 122.) Includes an analysis of sulphur isotopes. [249] Contains a description of the bottom topography KAPLAN, J.R.; RAFTER, T.A.; HULSTON, J.R. of the area between Banks Peninsula and the 1960 Sulphur isotopic variations in nature. Part 8. Appli Chatham Islands, with two folded charts. Appen cation to some biogeochemical problems. N.Z. JI dix: Marine geology of the Chatham Islands area, Sci. Technol. 3(2): 338-61. by J.W. Brodie. Includes an index. [259] Results obtained from laboratory experiments KONING, L.P.G. (using measurements of stable sulphur isotope 1952 Earthquakes in relation to their geographical distri ratios to explain some biogeochemical problems bution, depth and magnitude. 3. The South-western in nature) were used to interpret measurements Pacific. Proc. Sect. Sci. k. ned. Akad. Wet. 55: 194- from various environments including mud and sea 206. water from Milford Sound. [250] Evidence is cited to show that there are two large KHAJN, V.E.; MURATOV, M.V. seismic belts in this region-New Guinea to New 1969 Crustal movements and tectonic structure of con- Caldonia, and New Zealand to Samoa and Fiji, tinents. Geophys. Monogr. 13: 523-38. and that a more or less regular distribution of the Includes the structure of the New Zealand Region centres of relatively strong seismicity exists in a on a world map and a reference to the Alpine horizontal as well as in a vertical sense in the fault. [251] upper 150 km. [260]

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ KOST, S. -P. 99. Includes a bathymetric chart. [268] 1 %6 Recent sediments and sedimentary history across LeFORT, J.H. see [5]. the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. Contr. sedim. Res. Lab. Dep. Geol. Florida St Univ. 17: 1-83. LEMASSON, L. see [355]. The sediments and paleomagnetism of 23 piston LENSEN, G.J. cores from the South Pacific sector of the South 1958 Note on fault correlations across Cook Strait. N.Z. ern Ocean are studied in order to interpret their JI Geol. Geophys. 1(2): 263-8. history and that of the Antarctic in late Tertiary "Two methods are suggested for linking the active and Quaternary times. About six of the cores °are transcurrent faults in the North Island and the in the New Zealand° region° (along long. 160 W South Island across Cook Strait. One uses the and from lats 50 to 57 S) . Contains numerous average lateral displacements along the faults, the illustrations and a good bibliography. [261] other the location of epicentres. Both methods KRAUSE, D.C. give the same fault pattern."-abstr. [269] 1966 Geology and geomagnetism of the Bounty Region 1961 Principal horizontal stress directions as an aid to the east of the South Island, New Zealand. Mem. N.Z. study of crustal deformation. Pubis. Dom. Obs. 24 oceanogr. Inst. 30: 33 pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. (10): 389-97. (A symposium on Earthquake Mech ind. Res. 170.) anism) . A description of the magnetic data and seafloor Consideration of the whole of the Pacific, with morphology of the area, and correlations between sections on N.Z. and the Tonga-Kermadec region. them. Includes two folded coloured charts. [262] [270) 1967 Bathymetry and geologic structure of the North LEOPARD, A.E. see [342). western Tasman Sea-Coral Sea-South Solomon area Le PICHON, X. of the South-western Pacific Ocean. Mem. N.Z. 1968 Sea floor spreading and continental drift. J. geophys. oceanogr. Inst. 41: 49 pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. Res. 73(12): 3661-97. ind. Res. 183.) A world survey of the topic, N.Z. and its sur Most of the area studied in this paper is outside rounding region are well covered. [271] the scope of this bibliography. However, some A correction to this paper is published in J. discussion is included of Lord Howe Rise and geophys. Res. 75 (14): 2793, 1970. Norfolk Rise. [263] LISITZIN, A.P. KUO, J. see [108). 1962 Bottom sediments of the Antarctic. Geophys. Mono- KUSTANOWICH, S. gr. 7: 81-8. 1963 Distribution of planktonic Foraminifera in surface A general description of the area. Contains a sediments of the South-west Pacific Ocean. N.Z. JI chart of bottom sediments also showing the loca Geol. Geophys. 6(4): 534-65. tion of geological stations of the Soviet Marine Includes a description of the sediments at the Antarctic Expedition, some of which were in the stations selected-in all parts of the New Zealand New Zealand region. [272] area. [264) LISITZIN, A.P.; ZHIVAGO, A.V. see 1960 Marine geological work of the Soviet Antarctic LAL, D. [7). Expedition, 1955-1957. Deep Sea Res. 6(2): 77-87. LANGER, E. see [45]. The ship Ob made traverses in the Antarctic and LANGFORD, A.; McDOUGALL, J.C.; ROBERTSON, N. Indian Oceans, and through the south New Zea 1 %9 A new large-diameter piston-corer and core-liner land area to Wellington, then across the Tasman cutter. N.Z. JI mar. Freshwat. Res. 3(4): 595-601. Sea. No results of the latter part are given, but "A newly developed piston sediment corer utilis some features of the New Zealand area are refer red to in comparison with ones further south. ing a neat-fitting piston operating within a 2 7 /8-in. [273] diameter plastic liner has successfully cored heavy LLOYD, E.F. see [204]. gravel, coarse shell and sandy sediments. A quick LONARDI, A.G. see [234]. fit and release junction for pipe-lengths and cutter has been devised."-abstr. [265] McDONALD, W.J.P. see [145). LAUDER, W.R. McDOUGALL, J.C. 1962 Port Nicholson and the "plough" mechanism in I 96 I Ironsand deposits offshore from the west coast, transcurrent faulting. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 5(1): North Island, New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geo/. Geophys 189-91. 4(3): 283-300. "The Port Nicholson depression [i.e. Wellington "Surface sediment samples have been obtained Harbour] may have been formed because the dex from the near-shore portion of the shelf off the tral transcurrent Wellington Fault has a skewed west coast from depths between 5 and 50 fms. surface."-abstr. [266] The percentage of magnetic ironsand in the sedi ments has been determined by magnetic separa LAWRIE, J.A. tion."-abstr. [274) 1965 Directions of geomagnetic fluctuations near coastlines. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 8(5): 869-84. see also [265). "W.D. Parkinson has observed that rapid geo McDOUGALL, J.C.; BRODIE, J.W. magnetic disturbing vectors tend to be confined 1967 Sediments of the western shelf, North Island, New to tilted planes near coastlines, and has suggested Zealand. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 40: 55 pp. that the conductivity contrast between land and (Bull N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 179.) sea might be the cause. This paper describes fur A preliminary analysis of the nature and distribu ther analysis of data ... and [discusses] Parkin tion of the surface and subsurface sediments of son's theory. Periods at which the effect is to be an area extending from Wanganui to Kaipara. expected are predicted at each station, in order of (275] magnitude. These periods are consistent with the McINTYRE, D.B.; CHRISTIE, J.M. observations."-abstr. 1957 Nature of faulting in large earthquakes. [Discussion Includes Amberley Station, Christchurch. [267) of J.H. Hodgson's paper.] Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 68: see also [ 142]. 645-52. LEAHY, L.R. Includes 200 words plus three diagrams on the 1938 The configuration of the bottom of the South Pacific. Tonga-Kermadec region. [276) C.r. Congr. int. Geogr. 2: 99-110. McKNIGHT, D.G. " ... this paper will dwell on, and describe as 1969a A recent, possibly catastrophic burial in a marin.e accurately as possible, the major features of the Molluscan community. N.Z. JI mar. Freshwat. Res. South Pacific in regard to submarine topography." 3: 177-9. 21

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Mainly a description of the fauria contained in a MENARD, H.W. shallow water benthic sample from off the east 1958 Development of median elevation in ocean basins. coast of the Coromandel Peninsula, but includes Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 69(9): 1179-86. a description of the sediment content.· [277) Includes description of the Southwest Pacific. New 1969b An outline distribution of the New Zealand shelf Zealand is considered a puzzle-whether it is a fauna. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 47: 90 pp. (Bull. small continent or a continental island. Menard N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 195.) considers it as the former. [288] A general description of 200 words is given of 1964 "Marine Geology of the Pacific." McGraw-Hill, New the sediments of the shelf around New Zealand. York. 271 pp. [278) A general description by subject ( e.g. vulcanism, manganese nodules, trenches, and island arcs) MACPHERSON, E.O. rather than region. There are many references to 1946 An outline of late Cretaceous and Tertiary diastro- N.Z. the New Zealand r,egion, located by consulting phism in New Zealand. Geol. Mem. 6: 1-32. the index or gazetteer. [289) Description of New Zealand in relation to South 1965a Sea-floor relief and mantle convection. Physics Chem. western Pacific structure, plus a description of Earth 6: 315-64. the structural history of New Zealand. Includes Includes a few references to New Zealand, and two folded charts and a good bibliography. [279) several world maps containing valuable informa MALING, P.B. tion on New Zealand in relation to the rest of the 1969 "Early charts of New Zealand, 1542-1851". A.H. & world. [290] A.W. Reed, Wellington. 134 pp. I 965b The world-wide oceanic ridge system. Phil. Trans. Reproductions of old charts and information about R. Soc. 258A : 109-22. them. Many of the charts include soundings. [280) Mentions the Melanesian Rise, which is partly in MARSHALL, P. the New Zealand region (Lord Howe Rise). Sev 1910 Ocean contours and earth movements in the South eral world charts include information on New west Pacific. Rep. Australas. Ass. Advmt Sci. 12: 432- Zealand. [291) 50. 1969 "Anatomy of an expedition." McGraw-Hill, New "In this paper an attempt is made to embody the York. 255 pp. most recently recorded soundings that could be Describes the general goals and chronicles the obtained in a general bathymetric map in order researches of the expedition by the Scripps Institu to show the most probable land connections that tion research ships Argo and Horizon in 1967 to may have existed in the past, on the assumption the Melanesian Borderland, which includes the of the general elevation of the whole range." northern part of the New Zealand Region. [292) [Australia-Tasman Sea-New Zealand area.] p. 433. MENARD, H.W.; SHOR, G.G. Jr.; SMITH, S.M.; CHASE, [281) T.E. 1911 Address by the President. Rep. Australas. Ass. Advmt 1968 Distribution of sediment in the Southwestern Pacific. Sci. 13: 9{}-9, (abstr.) Trans. Am. geophys. Un. 49( ]): 217. The following title is reported: [The Western "... a sub-bottom reflector on the Lord Howe margin of the Pacific Basin.] rise crops out in such a swale and was sampled It is suggested from evidence given that the boun and identified as lithified Miocene foraminiferal dary of the Southwest Pacific passes through New ooze."-abstr. [293) Zealand, Kermadec, Tonga, Fiji, Solomon and Admiralty Islands. Includes a folded chart. [282) MENARD, H.W.; SMITH, S.M. 1966 Hypsometry of ocean basin provinces. J. geophys. 1932 Stability of lands in the South-west Pacific. Section Res. 71 (18): 4305-25. P-Geography and oceanography. Presidential ad "The frequency distribution of depths in ocean dress. Rep. Aust. N.Z. Ass. Advmt. Sci. 21: 399- basins has been determined using the most recent 41 I. American and Russian oceanographic charts as A discussion of continental drift in relation to sources, and a computer for data processing." Australia and New Zealand, including plant and abstr. animal life. The conclusion is that New Zealand Coverage of depths of oceans is world-wide, has been separated from Australia since early though the New Zealand region appears on two Mesozoic times. [283) charts. [294] 1933a Effects of earthquake on coastline near Napier. N.Z. ll Sci. Technol. 15(1): 79-92. MENARD, H.W.; SMITH, S.M.; CHASE, T.E. Describes slips and slumps along the Napier and 1964 Guyots in the South-west Pacific Basin. Bull. geol. district coastline. Includes soundings taken in Soc. Am. 75(2): 145-8. Hawkes Bay and comments on them. [284] Includes sounding tracks across the New Zealand region. Refers to Tonga-Kermadec structure. [295) 1933b Recent soundings of sea floors: New Zealand. Proc. 5th Pacif. Sci. Congr. 2: 895. MERO, J.L. Short description of contemporary soundings 1964 "The mineral resources of the sea." Elsevier, New undertaken in New Zealand. Soundings were made York. 312 pp. by the Otago Harbour Board off the east coast Includes three brief references to New Zealand, of South Island, and by the New Zealand Govern and general references to the Pacific Ocean. [296] ment steamer Matai along the coast of Napier MIYAMURA, S. after the earthquake in 1931. [285] 1968 Seismicity of island arcs and other arc tectonic 1947 The permanent Pacific. Presidential address. Rep. regions of the circum-Pacific zone. Geophys. Mon Aust. N.Z. Ass. Advmt Sci. 25: 1-13. ogr. 12: 6{}-9. A general discussion of various aspects of the Includes short references to New Zealand and fig Pacific Ocean ( depth, vulcanicity, wildlife) includ ures giving the number of earthquakes · and rela ing many references to the New Zealand region. tive frequency in relation to focal depth for the [286] Tonga-Kermadec region. [297] MASON, R.G. see [339). MOLNAR, P. see [237). MAWSON, D. (Ed.) MOLNAR, P.; OLIVER, J. 1939 Soundings. Rep. B.A.N.Z. Antarct. Res. Exped. A 3 1969 Lateral variations of attenuation in the upper mantle (1): 1-22. and discontinuities in the lithosphere. J. geophys. Includes soundings around Macquarie Island. [287) Res. 74(10): 2648-82. Demonstrates the existence and pattern on a MAXWELL, J.C. see [217). world-wide scale of lateral variations of attenua- 22

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ tion in the uppermost m antie. Inciudes two charts was visited. The p aper gives resuits oniy indden containing relevant i nformation on the New Zea tally, being m ainly a d escription of traverses, sta land region, and explanations. [298] tions, equipment u sed, and research programmes MOONEY, H.M.; HATHERTON, T. for which sampling w as done. [306] 1969 Upper mantle inhomogeneity beneath New Zealand. NEWMAN, L.E. see [434], [442]. Eos Trans. Am. geophys. Un. 50(4): 246. (abstr.) Evidence is presented to suggest that the Kerma NINKOVICH, D. dec island a rc structure extends s outh to include 1968 Pleistocene volcanic eruptions in New Zealand the North Island of New Zealand. [299] recorded in deep sea sediments. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 4(2): 89-102. MORGAN, W.J. Five layers of rhyolitic ash h ave been identified 1968 Rises, trenches, great f aults and crustal blocks. J. in deep sea cores, t aken mostly from an ar.ea lying geophys. Res. 73(6): 1959-72. between Chatham I slands and the Kermadec and Discussion of the rigid crustal block theory, which Tonga Trenches. Paleomagnetic stratigraphy has suggests that the earth's s urface is divided into been established in the cores and used for dating blocks, bounded by rises, trenches or fold moun of the ash l ayers, which have th.e same age . range tains and faults. Discusses the movement of these as the New Zealand ignimbrites. This s uggests a blocks. I ncludes references to New Zealand fea significant ash f all phase, until now little known, tures, e.g. M acquarie Ridge. [300] associated with eruptions of ignimbrite. [307] MOSBY, H. NORRIS, R.M. 1940 Nomenclature of the submarine features of the 1964 Sediments of Chatham Rise. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Southern Seas. Pubis scient. Ass. Oceanogr. phys. Inst 26: 39 pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 8: 95-9. 159.) Discussion of the best name to use for each fea ture. Includes the Macquarie Ridge, Tasman Discusses the Chatham Rise, a broad elongate sub marine ridge extending about 500 miles east of Basin, New Zealand swell. A folded chart of the South Island, New Zealand. Describes topography features can be found in the book. [301] history and economic considerations. I ncludes two MOSELY, H.N. see [4 11]. folded charts. [308] MOTfRAM, W.D. see .[166]. OFFICER, C.B. MURATOV, M.V. see [251]. 1955 South-west Pacific crustal structure. Trans. Am. geophys. Un. 36(3): 449-59. MURRAY, J. "This investigation has been concerned with the 1895 A summary of the scientific results obtained a t the determining of the crustal thicknesses of the vari sounding, dredging, and trawling stations of H.M.S. ous features of the South-west Pacific from Love Challenger. 1st p art. Rep. scient. Results exp/or. and Rayleigh-wave dispersion characteristics." Voyage Challenger. 796 pp. abstr. [309] Gives results for stations from Sydney to New 1959 On some offshore seismic refraction profiles i n the Zealand (Wellington) and from New Zealand to Cook Strait, Tasman Bay and Golden Bay areas of Tongatapu. Stations 165A to 171A are in the New New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 2(2): 350-4. Zealand region. Results given for each station "Marine seismic profiles s how that the thickness include w ater temperature, density, depth, sedi of unconsolidated sediments varies from a few ment t ype, some navigational details, and d etails hundred feet in the Cook Strait and Golden Bay of animals collected. [302] areas to 2,300 feet in the vicinity of the M arl 1902 Deep-sea d eposits and their distribution in the Pacific borough Sounds. . . . The maximum recorded Ocean with notes on the samples collected by S.S. velocities are consistent with the basement rock Britannia, 1901. Geogr. J. 19(6): 691-711. mapped in neighbouring l and areas."-abstr. Describes s ome Pacific sediments, with examples, [310] some of which come from the New Zealand a rea. The samples collected by S.S. Britannia include OLIVER, J. see [238], [239], [240], .[298], [299]. seven in the New Zealand region, which ar,e OLIVER, J.; EWING, M.; PRESS, F. described in detail. [303] 1955 Crustal structure and surface wave dispersion. Part 1905 On the depth temperatme of the ocean waters and 4. Atlantic and Pacific Ocean Basins. Bull. geol. marine deposits of the South-west Pacific Ocean. Soc. Am. 66(7): 913-46. Qd Geogr. J. 21: 71-134. Includes details of one e arthquake in the New The area under consideration contains almost the Zealand region-NE of North Island. (P. 919) . whole of the New° Zealand region, (the southern Also includes s ome general discussion of Pacific boundary is 50 S ! at.) . The topography of the earthquakes. [31 1] seafloor is described, and a lso the marine deposits. OLIVER, J.; ISACKS, B. Includes information on samples collected by s ev 1967 Deep earthquake zones, anomalous s tructures in eral ships (HMS Challenger, HMS Egeria, HMS the upper m antle and the lithosphere. J. geophys. Penguin, HMS Waterwitch) between 1874 and Res. 72(16): 4259-75. 1895, and from the German ship Gazelle. "The principal conclusion of this paper is that see also [ 411]. [ 304] regional seismic data for deep and shallow earth MURRAY, J.; RENARD, A.F. quakes associated with the Tonga-Kermadec arc 1891 Report on deep-sea d eposits based on specimens show that there exists in the mantle an anomalous collected d uring the voyage of HMS Challenger in zone whose thickness is of the order of 100 km the years 1872 to 1876. Rep. scient. Results exp/or. and whose upper surface is approximately defined Voyage. Challenger: 525pp. by the highly active seismic zone that dips to the Results given in tabular form for each station west beneath the island a rc and extends to depths (relevant ones 165A-171A) , then discussed in voy of about 700 km."-abstr. [312] age order. There are also general discussions. 1968 Structure and mobility of the crust and mantle in There is an index, several plates, and many charts the vicinity of island a rcs. Can. J. Earth Sci. 5(4): showing b athymetry, d eposits, the route and loca 985-91. tion of stations and some profiles. [305] Based on seismic wave propagation in the Fiji NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION. OFFICE OF Tonga region. I ncludes the northernmost p art of ANTARCTIC PROGRAMMES the Ncw Zealand region. [313] 1967 Eltanin cruises 23-25. Antarctic JI U.S. 2(2): 41-4. OLIVER, J.; SYKES, L.; ISACKS, B. Description of three cruises made b y the U.S. ship 1969 Sei smology and the new global tectonics. Tectono Eltanin, in all of which the New Zealand region physics 7: 527-41. 23-

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ "A comprehensive study of the observations of 1965b The effect of adsorption on the attainment of physi seismology provides widely based support for the cal and chemical .equilibrium in sediments. N.Z. JI new global tectonics founded on the hypotheses of Geol. Geophys. 8(3): 453-64. continental drift, sea-floor spreading, transform The attainment of physical and chemical equili faults, and underthrusting of the lithosphere at brium in many sediments must be inhibited by the island arcs."-abstr. New Zealand is well covered adsorption of foreign substances on the surface of by the 6 charts included in the paper. [314] mineral grains. [323] OLIVER, R.L.; FINLAY, H.J.; FLEMING, C.A. 1966a Campbell Plateau. P. 292 in McLintock, A.H. (ed.) 1950 The geology of Campbell Island. Cape Exped. Ser. "An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand" Vol. I. Govt Bull. 3. D.S.I.R. Wellington. 62 pp. Printer, Wellington, xxxi, 928 pp. Relevant sections: geological history, geological A general description including a chart. [324] correlation with New Zealand and Macquarie 1966b Chatham Rise. Pp. 335-6 in McLintock, A.H. (ed.) Island, tectonic relationship of Campbell Island. "An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand" Vol. I. Govt [3 15] Printer, Wellington. xxxi, 928 pp. OSTROUMOV, E.A.; VOLKOV, I.I. A general description including a chart. [325) 1960 0 Forakh Soedineniya Sery Donnykh Otlozhenlyokh 1966c Hikurangi Trench. P. 23 in McLintock, A.H. (ed.) Tikhogo Okeana u Novoi Zelandii (Forms of sul "An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand" Vol. 2. Govt. phur compounds of bottom deposits in the Pacific Printer, Wellington. 894 pp. Ocean near New Zealand). Trudy Inst. Okeanol, A general description including a chart. [326] 42: 117-24. (In Russian) . Work based on five stations, four to the east and 1966d Sea Floor. Pp. 193-9 in McLintock, A.H. (ed.) "An one to the west of North Island. Includes a chart. Encyclopaedia of New Zealand" Vol. 3. Govt Prin [316] ter, Wellington. 848 pp. OVEY, C.D. see [216], [443]. A general description covering shape, rocks and PANTIN, H.M. sediment. Seven charts are given. [327) 1957 Fossiliferous concretions from the shelf southeast 1966e Sedimentation in Hawke Bay. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. of Cape Campbell, New Zealand. N.Z. JI Sci. Tech Inst. 28: 69 pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. nol. B 38(7): 781-91. 179.) Description and significance of calcareous concre Hawke Bay is described under the following chap tions containing abundant fossils dredged from° the ter headings: Topographical and geological set shelf near Cape Campbell (41 ° SO'S., 174 26'E.) . ting, bathymetry, distribution and nature of sedi The presence of critical species indicates a climate ments, discussion of sedimentary regime, proven colder than the present. [317] ance, authigenic minerals, internal structures in 1958 Rate of formation of a diagenetic-calcareous concre- the sediments. [328] tion. J. sedim. Petml. 28(3): 366-71. 14 1967 The origin of waterborne diamictons and their rela "Age determination by the C method have been tion to turbidites. N.Z. JI mar. Freshwat. Res. 1(2): made on the matrix and enclosed fauna of a Qua 118-38. ternary calcareous concretion from the shelf south "The term diamicton has recently been proposed east of Cape Campbell, New Zealand. The results as a non-genetic name for any non-calcareous terri show that the concretion must have formed within genous sediment containing a wide variety of 19,500 years, and probably within 7,500 years. It grain sizes: the lithified equivalent is a diamictite. appears to have grown in a calcareo-argillaceous The present paper deals with the origin and class sediment containing an abundant molluscan fauna. ification of waterborne diamictons. The latter have The classification of concretions and the termino been divided into three groups by the writer." logy applied to them, are discussed in this paper." abstr. -abstr. ° Selected examples are taken from the New Zealand Concretion° obtained from 70 fms at locality 41 area. [329] SO'S, 174 26'E. [318] 1969 The appearance and origin of colours in muddy 1960 Dye-staining technique for examination of sedimen marine sediments around New Zealand. N.Z. JI tary micro-structures in cores. J. sedim. Petrol. Geol. Geophys. 12(1): 61-6. 30(2): 314-16. "Muddy marine sediments in the New Zealand "A dye-staining technique is described that is cap region show a considerable range of colour. able of producing a high visible contrast between Thirty-five representative samples were selected and different lithologies in core-samples; this enables divided by the writer into seven groups, lettered microstructures in the sediment to be clearly iden A to G. Simple chemical tests were applied to tified and illustrated."-abstr. [319] these samples in order to obtain information 1961 Magnetic concrete as an artificial tracer mineral. regarding the nature of the chemical compounds N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 4(4): 424-33. . which control the colour of these sediments." "Magnetic concrete, composed of crushed iron abstr. [330] sand and cement, was used as an artificial tracer see also [100]. mineral in an experiment designed to estimate the sediment-transporting power of the bottom cur PARK, A.G. rents in the central part of Cook Strait, New 1955 Otago Harbour-achalle nge of nature. Ree. Proc. Zealand. The results show that these currents are N.Z. geogr. Soc. 19: 15-16. capable of transporting sand grains at least 1 ½mm The geological history of the area is described. in diameter."-abstr. [320] The present phase of silting and building of sand 1963 Submarine morphology east of the North Island, bars provides problems for the Harbour Board. New Zealand. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 14: 43 pp. [33 1] (Bull N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 149.) PAULY, H. see [45]. Description and discussion of the continental shelf PETELIN, V.P. and slope between Gable End Foreland, North of 1960 0 donnykh osadkakh zapadnoi chasti Tikhogo Poverty Bay, and the mouth of the Opouawe Okeana. [Bottom sediments in the western part of the River near Cape Palliser. Includes three folded Pacific Ocean.] Rez. lssled. mezhdunar. geofiz. charts in pocket. [321] Proekt 10. Okeanolog. Jssled. 2: 45-60. [In Russian, 1965a Sedimentation in Milford Sound. Pp. 35-47 in Sker English abstr.) man T.M. (ed.) Studies of a Southern Fiord. Mem. "The article presents some preliminary results of N.Z.' oceanogr. Inst. 17 (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. the study of bottom sediments in the western part Res. 157.) of the Pacific, carried out according to the IGY Includes tables, photographs, and echo-sounding programme of oceanographic researches on the profiles. [322] "Vityaz" from July 1957 till June 1958 (cruises

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ 25th, 26th, 27th) . Red clay and globigerina ooze "A sediment sample collected by RRS Discovery are the main types of the bottom sediments in the from the Chatham Rise 80 miles west of the region; between them is the zone of sediments Chatham Islands, and from a depth of 157 to 170 belonging to the transitory type, the clayey-limy fms is well-sorted gravelly sand consisting of rock pelagic mud."-abstr. [332] fragments, phosphorite nodules, mineral grains see also [375]. and Foraminifera."-abstr. [341] PHILLIPS, C. see also [61], [136]. 1898 The volcanoes of the Pacific. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 31: REED, J.J.; LEOPARD, A.E. 510-51. 1954 Sediments of Cook Strait. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 36 Contains brief information on soundings by HMS (1): 14-24. Penguin between Tonga and New Zealand. [333] "A sediment map of Cook Strait has been pre PITMAN, W.C. see [178], [212]. pared from the results of a study of 181 bottom samples, mostly collected during the coastal survey PITMAN, W.C.; HERRON, E.; HEIRTZLER, J.R. by HMNZS Lachlan and from the qualitative 1967 Magnetic anomalies in the South Pacific Ocean and sediment notations on the Admiralty charts."-abstr. ocean floor spreading. Trans. Am. geophys. Un. 48 Includes a folded chart, photographs, and tables (I) : 132. (Abstr.) listing information for each sample. [342] "By examination of the magnetic data from over 20 crossings of the Pacific-Antarctic ridge and REILLY, W.I. flanking basin areas, the region of linearity and 1965 The mean height and hypsographic curve for New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 128-39. symmetry is extended °to include° almost all the 8(1) : South Pacific from 40 S to 65 S. and from the "The mean height of New Zealand is found to base of the New Zealand plateau to very near the be 483m, that of the North Island 298m, and that coast of South America."-abstr. [334] of the South Island 627m."-abstr. The New Zealand continental block, bounded by 1968 Magnetic anomalies in the Pacific and sea floor J. the 2000m isobath has an area of 2,074,000 km2• spreading. geophys. Res. 73(6): 2069-85. Only 14% of it is land and 12% continental shelf. "The symmetric linear magnetic pattern found Thus it has the appearance of a submerged con over the crest of the Pacific-Antarctic and Juan de tinent with only its mountain ranges above the sea. Puca Ridges can now be traced across the flanks Tables give the area, volume and other parameters and into the basins in the north and south Pacific Ocean. The bilateral symmetry is best shown in of land above base levels from 2km above to 2km the South Pacific, where the western half of the below sea level. [343] pattern can be traced to the edge of the New see also [222], [349]. Zealand Plateau."-abstr. [335] RENARD, A. see [305]. POWELL, A.W.B. REVELLE, R.; BRAMLETTE, M.; ARRHENIUS, G.; 1936 Animal communities of the sea-bottom in Auckland N.Z. GOLDBERG, E.D. and Manukau Harbours. Trans. Proc. R. Soc. 1955 Pelagic sediments of the Pacific. Spee. Pap. geol. 66: 354--401. Soc. Am. 62: 221-35. Includes detailed descriptions of the bottom sedi A general survey of the Pacific. The New Zealand ments. [336] area is shown in charts. [344] PRESS, F. see [311]. RICHARD, J.J. QUILTY, P.G. see .[429]. 1962 Kermadec, Tonga and Samoa. Cat. act. Vole. Wld see 13: 1-38. RAESIDE, J.D. [25]. Includes a submarine volcano near Raoul Island. RAFTER, T.A. see [116], [249], [250]. [345] RAITT, H. RICHTER, C.F. 1957 "Exploring the Deep Pacific". Staples Press, London. 1958 "Elementary seismology". W.H. Freeman, San Fran- 253 pp. cisco, Calif. 768 pp. A non-scientific travelogue of Scripps Institution's Includes a section (pp. 438-65) on comparisons Capricorn Expedition, 1952-53, to explore the between stratigraphy and tectonics of the New Pacific Ocean. Zealand Region and California. [346] Includes many photographs and a bibliography. see also [164]. RAITT, R.W. [337] RIPPER, I.D.; GREEN, R. 1964 Geophysics of the South Pacific. Pp. 223--41 in 1967 Tasmanian examples of the influence of the bathy Odishaw H. (ed.) "Research in Geophysics, Vol. 2" metry and crustal structure upon seismic T-wave M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. xxi + 595 propagation. N.Z. Jl Geol. Geophys. 10(5): 1226-30. pp. Factors influencing seismic T-wave propagation A diagram shows distribution of echo-soundings appear to he-1. the effect of bathymetry on the in the Pacific Ocean but most of the paper deals Sofar Channel; 2. the length of the land path with the Southeast Pacific. [338] before energy ejection into the Sofar Channel; 3. RAITT,R. W.; FISHER, R.L.; MASON, R.G. efficiency of energy ejection into the channel; 1955 Tonga Trench. Spee. Pap. geol. Soc. Am. 62: 237- 4. different ration of T-waves around submarine 54. ridges. All of the T-phases studied originated in Only the southernmost part of the Trench is in the New Zealand region. [347] the New Zealand region as here defined, but this ROBERTSON, E.I. part is discussed frequently. Bathymetry, topo 1965 Gravity base stations in the south-west Pacific. N.Z. graphy, seismicity, magnetics and structure are Jl Geol. Geophys. 8(3): 424-39. described. [339] Since 1950 gravity stations have been established REED, J.J. on various islands in the southwest Pacific, includ 1951 Marine sediments near Sumner, Canterbury, New ing Kermadec, Macquarie and Auckland Islands. Zealand. N.Z. Jl Sci. Technol. B 33(2): 129-37. Full details are given for each, including free-air Mechanical and petrographic analyses of 36 bot and Bouguer anomalies. [348] tom samples; the minerals ar,e derived almost ROBERTSON, E.I.; REILLY, W.I. entirely from feldspathic sandstones and silt-stones. 1958 Bouguer anomaly map of New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Factors influencing the sedimentation are discuss Geophys. 1: 560--4. ed. [340] Negative anomalies recognized as the gravitational 1952 Sediments from the Chatham Rise. N.Z. Jl Sci. Tech expression on an active tectonic belt related to the nol. B 34(3): 173-84. Tonga-Kermadec-Hikurangi Trenches and consid- 25

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ ered to be "predominantly of deep-seated origin". is more continental than to the east of it. The [349] Andesite line is shown slightly to the east of New ROBERTSON, N. see [265]. Zealand. [357] ROMANKEVICH, Ye.A. SANTO, T.A.; BATH, M. 1968 Organic carbon and nitrogen deposits in Recent and 1963 Crustal structure of Pacific Ocean area from disper Quaternary sediments of the Pacific Ocean. Ocean sion of Rayleigh waves. Bull. seism. Soc. Am. 53(1) : ology 8{5): 658-72. [Translated from Okeanologiya, 151-65. 8(5): 825-39.] Records of several earthquakes, including ones in The New Zealand area is shown in three charts and around New Zealand were used to determine (two of organic carbon, one of nitrogen) . The Pacific crustal structure. [358] text is a general treatment of the deposits, refer SAPPER, K. ring to the whole Pacific area. [350] 1927 "Vulkankunde". Stuttgart. 336 pp. ROOS, S.E. Includes a reference to a submarine volcano in the 1937 The submarine topography of the Ross Sea and Kermadec area. [359] adjacent waters. Geog. Rev. 27(4) : 574-83. SCHNEIDER, E.D. see [432]. Details of cruises in the South Pacific by Bear of SCHOFIELD, J.C. Oakland in 1933. Includes description of the area 1967 Sand movement at Mangatawhiri Spit and Little south of New Zealand, and diagrams of profiles Omaha Bay. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 10(3): 697-731. from Tahiti to New Zealand, and New Zealand Evidence that sea-level fluctuation is probably an to Easter Island. [351] important cause of coastal change is presented. ROSS, D.I. Grain size and feldspar/quartz ratios of sand 1967a Total magnetic field map of the South-west Pacific samples, together with malacological evidence, show Ocean between New Zealand and Antarctica. N.Z. that sand is transported to Mangatawhiri Spit from JI Geol. Geophys. 10(5): 1231-4. depths of 15fms, during periods of progradation, "A total magnetic field map of the South-West and that effective sand movement probably also Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and Antarc occurs down to depths of 20fms. Effects of grain tica for epoch 1964-5 has been drawn from total size on feldspar content are given in Appendix 3." field measurements made aboard HMNZS -abstr. Endeavour. A comparison is made with earlier Appendix 4 contains mineralogical and grain size results and a value for the westward drift of the analyses. [360] field pattern since I 959 is obtained."-abstr. [352] 1968 Prograding shoreline. Pp 894-6 in Fairbridge, R.W. 1967b Magnetic and bathymetric measurements across the (ed.) "Encyclopedia of Geomorphology". Reinhold, Pacific-Antarctic Ridge south of New Zealand. N.Z. New York. 1295 pp. JI Geol. Geophys. 10(6): 1452-65. A definition of prograding shore lines with exam This paper is complementary to [53] dealing with ples taken from the New Zealand area. [361] data obtained on the same cruise, but generally 1969 Reconnaissance survey of silica sands, Parengarenga. describing areas further south. It does° include a lnf. Ser. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 63: 76-92. chart and traverses up to latitude 45 S. [353] "Silica sands are widespread as bare dunes and as see also [56]. beach and seafioor deposits along the east coast ROSS, J.C. of Aupouri Peninsula. . . . The purest deposits 1969 "A voyage of discovery and research in the southern occur at the northeastern end of Kokota Sand and Antarctic regions during the years 1839-43." spit and in nearby offshore positions. Sands in David & Charles Reprints. Newton Abott, Devon. 2 these seafloor positions contain the least amount vols. Iii + 366 pp.; x + 447 pp. of chromite and other mafic minerals. . . . The First published London, J. Murray 1847. seafloor could be the best locality for future :ex Journal of a voyage by HMS Erebus and HMS traction."-abstr. [362) Terror. Many areas in the New Zealand region SCHOTT, G. are described. Bottom soundings were taken (if 1935 "Geographic des Indischen und Stillen Ozeans." the available equipment could reach the bottom) Boysen, Hamburg. 413 pp. and submarine reefs noted. The main aim of the Includes information ( on routes of exploration, voyage was observation of the earth's magnetic bathymetry, morphology, etc.) in the N.Z. region field, but only one table on this subject contains in extensive coloured folded charts and in the reference to the New Zealand region (Vol. 1, p. text. [363] 310). The book unfortunately lacks an index. .[354] SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY ROTSCHI, H.; LEMASSON, L. 1953 Shipboard Report, Capricorn Expedition, 28 Septem 1967 Oceanography of the Coral and Tasman Seas. Ocean- ber 1952-21 February 1953. 60 pp. ogr. mar. Biol. 5: 49-97. Includes a description of the Tonga Trench and Mostly a description of the sea itself, but includes a chart of its bathymetry. [364) one chart showing configuration of the area, and SEARLE. E.J. a short description of the bathymetry and topo· 1958 Pleistocene and Recent Studies of Waitemata Har graphy. [355] bour. 1. Main channel. N.Z. JI Geof. Geophys. 1(3): "ANTO, T.A. 501-8. • CV,Ja Rayleigh wave dispersion across the oceanic basin A description of some features of the bed of Wai around Japan. Pt 3. On the crust of the south temata Harbour. Four echosounding profiles across western Pacific Ocean. Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. the main stream are presented, and afford evidence Tokyo Univ. 39(1): 1-22. of an interval of stillstand about 30ft below mod Includes information on the crustal conditions on ern sea level during the last glaciation. [365] the continental side of the Andesite line. [356] 1959a Pleistocene and Recent Studies of Waitemata Har 1961b Division of the South-western Pacific area into sev bour. 2. North Shore and Shoal Bay. N.Z. JI Geol. eral regions in each of which Rayleigh waves have Geophys. 2(1): 95-107. the same dispersion characters. Bull. Earthq. Res. Description of the formation of North Shore Inst. Tokyo Univ. 39(4): 603-30. peninsula, and its subsequent drowning. [366] An attempt is made to divide the complicated 1959b Pleistocene and Recent Studies of Waitemata Har oceanic area on the western side of the Andesite bour. 3. Tamaki Head to Mechanics Bay. N.Z. JI line into four regions-1. purely oceanic type: 3. Geol. Geophys. 2(3): 479-88. sub-oceanic type; 5. sub-continental type; and 7. Mainly a discussion of the coastal features, with purely continental type. Results showed that crustal some refer.ence to their extension into the Harbour. structure on the western side of the Andesite line [367]

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ 1962 The volcanoes of Auckland City. N.Z. Ji Geol. A newspaper account by W.D. Campbell of an Geophys. 5(2): 193-227. eruption in Denham Bay of a partly submerged Includes some description of lava flows in Waite volcano. Describes the formation of an island in mata Harbour. [368] the bay by the earthquake. By 1887 (the year of SEED, D.P. Smith's visit) the island had disappeared. [377] 1968 The analysis of the clay content of some glauconite see also [204], [376]. oceanic sediments. J. sedim. Petrol. 38(1): 229-31. "X-ray diffraction studies of the clay-sized mineral SOLOMON, S.; BIEHLER, S. in glauconite oceanic sediments [off the east coast 1969 Crustal structure from gravity anomalies in . the southwest Pacific. J. geophys. Res. 74(27): 6696- of North Island] do not show the presence of 701. degraded clay lattices suitable as a parent material "Crustal thicknesses of about 24km are observed for glauconite."-abstr. [369] beneath the Lord Howe rise, the Norfolk ridge SHEPARD, F.P. . .."-a bstr. · [378] 1949a Sediment distribution on the east Asiatic continental see shelves. [Abstract]. Proc. 7th Paci/. Sci. Congr. 3: SPARCK, R. [160]. 209-10. SPEDEN, I.G. The paper includes a short description of the 1959 The alignment of fold axes in the Jurassic of South bottom survey of Waitemata Harbour and Hauraki eastern Otago and southern Southland. N.Z. JI Gulf by A.W.B. Powell. [370] Geol. Geophys. 2(3): 448-60. 1949b Submarine canyons in the Pacific and their bearing Mainly a discussion of folding and faulting in the on eustatism (with discussion) [Abstract]. Proc. 7th mentioned areas, with some speculative extensions Paci/. Sci. Congr. 3: 331-2. into the South Pacific Ocean. [379] Submarine canyons are considered to be sub SPEIGHT, R. merged valleys formed by river erosion, pointing 1909 Petrological notes on rocks from the Kermadec to widespread submergence, probably due to eus Islands, with some evidence for the existence of a tatic change in sea Ie.vel. The character of fflb sub-tropical Pacific continent. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 42: marine canyons on the New Zealand shelf is dis 241-54. cussed. [371] Gives evidence that suggests that the Kermadecs SHEPARD, F.P.; DILL, R.F. wer.e built up by volcanic action on the remnants 1966 "Submarine canyons and other sea valleys". Rand of a former continent which stretched southwest McNally, Chicago. 381 pp. from Fiji and Tonga and probably extended to Includes a short description of New Zealand sub join with northern New Zealand. Also includes marine canyons on pp 219-21. [372] discussion of other islands, including Lord Howe SHOR, G.G. see [293]. and Norfolk. [380] I943 The geology of Banks Peninsula-a revision. Trans. SKERMAN, T.M. (Ed.) N.Z. Inst. 73: 13-26. 1965 Studies of a Southern Fiord. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Includes a description of the bathymetry and sedi Inst. 17: 101 pp. (Bull. N.Z. Dep. scient. ind. Res. ments of the sea bed around Banks Peninsula. 157.) [381] Contents include: The Fiordland Shelf and Mil 1950 An eroded coastline. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. 78: 3-13. ford Sound, by J.W. Brodie; Sedimentation in Mil Includes a section on "Features of the sea-bed in ford Sound, by H.M. Pantin; Transformations of the vicinity [of that section of 90- mile beach, Can Sulphur Compounds in the Sediments of Milford terbury, stretching from the outlet of Lake Elles Sound, by I.R. Kaplan and T.A. Rafter; Contains mere at Taumutu, to the mouth of the Rangitata a folded chart. [373] River] and their bearing on the problem" of the SKORNYAKOVA, N.S.; ANDRUSHCHENKO, P.F. rate of coastal erosion. [382] 1968 Iron-manganese nodules from the central part of the South Pacific. Oceanology 8(5): 692-701. [Translated SQUIRES, D.E. Okeanologiya 8(5): 1965 Deep-water coral structure on the Campbell Plateau, from 865-78]. New Zealand. Deep Sea Res. 12(6) : 785-8. Data is reported on the internal structure, distribu "A deep-water coral structure defined by bathy tion and chemical composition of iron-manganese metry and samplings of fauna is recorded from nodules from the central part of the South Pacific the Campbell Plateau . . . from a depth of 320m. including four stations in the New Zealand area'. This is the first known occurrence of deep-water [374] coral architecture in the Pacific Ocean."-abstr. SKORNYAKOVA, N.S.; PETELIN, V.P. Discusses the sediments and topography of the 1967 Sediments in the central part of the South Pacific. environment. Oceanology 7(6): 779-93. [Translated from Okeano [383] logiya 7(6): 1005-20.] STANDARD, J.C. Description of the mineral content of sediment 1961 Submarine geology of the Tasman Sea. Bull. geol. cores and bottom samples collected by the Russian Soc. Am. 72(12): 1777-88. research ship Vityaz in 1965. Most of the inform Covers the features of the western New Zealand ation concerns the area around the Society Islands area, including Lord Howe Rise, various sea and Tonga, but four sediment samples were from mounts, Kelso Bank, Capel Bank, Middleton and the northern part of the New Zealand area. Sev Elizabeth Reefs, and Ball's Pyramid. Includes use eral tables give the concentrations of these min ful references. [384] erals at the stations, and the text refers to them. see [375] STOREY, R.S. [227]. SMITH, S.M. see [293], [294], [295]. STRANGE, W.E. see [447]. SMITH, S.P. SUGGATE, R.P. 1887 Geological notes on the Kermadec Group. Trans. 1963 The Alpine Fault of New Zealand. Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. Inst. 20: 333-44. N.Z., Geol. 2: 105-29. Includes his account of the formation of the A chart shows a previously unmapped branch islands, and the topography of the surrounding fault of the Alpine Fault joining the northern end area, plus an account of an earthquake in Denham of the Hope-Kaikoura Fault with the southern Bay in 1 872 which threw up an island (see also end of the Kermadec Trench, reasonably well [377] which suggests this also happened in 1814). defined by bathymetry. [385] See also [204] for another version. [376] 1968 Seismicity and structure in South-west New Zealand 1895 Volcanic activity in Sunday Island (Raoul Island) and the Macquarie Ridge. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. in 1814. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 28: 47-9. 11{5): 1274-6. 27

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ A comment on a paper by Hatherton. [386] 1966a The seismicity and deep structure of island arcs. J. see also [167], [173], [175]. geophys. Res. 71(12): 2981-3006. SUMMERHAYES, C.P. "The hypocentres of approximately 1500 earth 1967a The marine geology of the Auckland Islands area. quakes in the Tonga-Fiji, Kermadec, Kuril-Kam Trans. R. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 4(13): 235---44. chatka, and Caribbean regions were redetermined A description of the morphological features of the using a digital computer. Since these computations sea floor around the Auckland Islands and its are more accurate than those used in most pre geological history. [387] vious studies, the spatial distribution of the rede termined hypocentres can be used to resolve struc 1967b New Zealand region volcanism and structure. Nature, tural features with dimensions larger than about Land. 215(5101): 610-11. 20km. In each of the regions investigated in this General discussion, mainly about the sea floor paper a zone of intense seismic activity was found south of New Zealand. [388] beneath the inner (island ward) margin of the 1967c Note on Macquarie Ridge and the Tonga-Kermadec oceanic trench."-abstr. [396] complex: are they parts of the mid-ocean ridge 1966b The seismicity of the Tonga-Fiji region. Geol. Surv. system? N.Z. JI Sci. 10(3): 808-12. Pap. Can. 66-15: 278-9. (Continental Margins and "Macquarie Ridge is part of an island arc complex Island Arcs. Report on Symposium.) oriented towards the Tasman Basin; the Tonga- A summary of this paper is given. Comparisons Kermadec island arc complex is oriented towards are made between the Tonga-Fiji region and the the Pacific; the two are separated in New Zealand Kermadec area. Also includes the discussion of by the possibly transform Alpine Fault."-abstr. the paper, in which the following statement occurs [389] -"An aseismic corridor occurs just north of New 1967d Marine environments of economic mineral deposition Zealand wher.e the Kermadec and Hikurangi around New Zealand-a review. N.Z. JI mar. Freslz Trenches meet." (D.C. Krause P.279.) [397] wat. Res. 1(3): 267-82. 1967 Mechanism of earthquakes and nature of faulting "Concentrations of minerals on the sea-floor on the mid-oceanic ridges. J. geoplzys. Res. 72(8); around New Zealand occur in a manner which 2131-53. makes them economically significant as future "The mechanisms of 17 earthquakes on the mid mineral resources . . . . The origin, bulk and signi oceanic ridges and their continental extensions ficance of these deposits are discussed."-abstr. were investigated. . . . The results are in agree [390] ment with hypotheses of sea-floor growth at the 1967e Manganese nodules from the South-western Pacific. crest of the mid-oceanic ridge system."-abstr. N.Z. JI Geol. Geoplzys. 10(6): 1372-81. Includes discussion and several diagrams on the "Manganese nodules from the Campbell Plateau Macquarie Ridge. [398] and Macquarie Ridge have been chemically ana 1969 Seismicity of the mid-oceanic ridge system. Geoplzys. lysed and their compositions compared with other Monogr. 13: 148-53. Pacific nodules. No significant differences in com Includes brief references to Macquarie Ridg.e [399] position are apparent.... N odule formation may be related to late Tertiary or Quaternary sub see also [13], [238], [239], [240], [314]. marine volcanism.-abstr. [391] SYKES, L.R.; ISACKS, B.L.; OLIVER, J. 1969a Recent sedimentation around northernmost New 1969 Spatial distribution of deep and shallow earthquakes Zealand. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 12(1): 172-207. of small magnitude in the Fiji-Tonga i:egion. Bull. A study of relict shallow water sediments formed seism. Soc. Am. 59(3): 1093-2113. during the postglacial rise in sea level, covering Includes references to the Tonga-Kermadec area the continental shelf of northernmost New Zea and its structure. Discusses earthquakes and struc land. The area considered extends roughly from ture of the area mainly just to the north of the Pandora Bank and Parengarenga Canyons to Van New Zealand region. [400] Dieman Bank. Includes two folded charts. [392] TAIT, R.I.; BARKER, P.H.; GILPIN- BROWN, J.B. 1969b Submarine geology and geomorphology off northern 1965 Tui oceanographic cruise (Auckland to Norfolk New Zealand. N.Z. JI Geo/. Geoplzys. 12(2-3): Island and Raoul Island) 1962: oceanographic sta 507-25. tion data and preliminary investigation of fauna. "Results of a reconnaissance geological survey off N.Z. JI Sci. 8(4): 583-634. northernmost New Zealand indicate offshore exten "A general account is given of an oceanographic sion of its rocks and structures for at least 100 cruise. . . . A detailed cruise log and station list miles N.W. Geological samples from the continental are included together with a summary of the shelf suggest carving of that feature by marine more important biological discoveries."-abstr. erosion relatively early in the Pleistocene."-abstr. Includes a folded chart showing the bathymetry [393] of the area. [401] 1969c The marine geology of the New Zealand subantarc TALWANI, M.; WORZEL, J.L.; EWING, W.M. tic sea floor. Mem. N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. 50 : 92 pp. 1961 Gravity anomalies and crustal section across the (Bull. Dep. scient. ind. Res. 190.) Tonga Trench. J. geophys. Res. 66(4): 1265-78. The sea floor between New Zealand and the flanks "In 1956, gravity observations with the Vening of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge is described under Meinesz pendulum apparatus were made aboard the following headings: Geology, review of geo HMS Telemaclzus in the South-west Pacific Ocean. physical studies, recent sedimentation, authigenic For each of several gravity profiles, large free-air minerals, geology of major structures, structural anomalies were associated with the Tonga and synthesis. There are 31 illustrations, 13 tables and Kermadec Trenches. . . . A crustal thickness of 4 folded charts. [394] 36km is derived from gravity and seismic data for SYKES, L.R. between this value and one obtained by Officer 1963 Seismicity of the South Pacific Ocean. J. geoplzys. [316] from surface wave dispersion data is dis Res. 68(21): 5999-6006. cussed."-abstr. "A map of earthquake epicentres is presented for A corrigendum to this paper appears in J. geophys. the South Pacific Ocean for the period 1957-1963. Res. 66(11): 3989. [402] For much of this region the accuracy in locating epicentres has been improved by nearly an order TAMS, E. of magnitude in comparison with that of previous 1932 "Grundzuge der physikalischen Verhaltnisse der fes studies. In several areas of the South Pacific the ten Erde." Borntrager, Berlin. seismic activity is confined to narrow zones that Includes a description of seafloor features of the are less than 50km wide."-abstr. Kermadec Islands area. [403] Includes the Macquarie Island area. [395] TANING, A.V. see [243].

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ TAYLOR, 1>.T.; BRENNAN, J.A. Rep. hydrogr. Off. Wash. TR-33: Si pp. 1969 Airborne magnetic data across the Tasman Sea. All ships taking part in this operation went to Nature, Land. 224: 1100-2. Antarctica via New Zealand and one sediment The data obtained is used to determine the crustal sample was collected off Campbell Island. A very structure and provide evidence for ocean floor preliminary description is given of this sample on spreading. [404 ] page E-21. As noted 'time did not permit exten TAYLOR, P.T.; BRENNAN, J.A.; VOGT, P.R. sive observations'. [413] 1969 A preliminary analysis of regional airborne mag 1957 Operation Deep Freeze II 1956-1957. Oceanographic netic data across the Tasman Sea. Eos Trans. Am. survey results. Tech. Rep. hydrog. Off. Wash. TR- geophys. Un. 50(4): 136. (Abstr.) 29: 155 pp. A description of the survey and a discussion of Ships taking part in this operation went to Ant the results in relation to the crustal structure of arctica via New Zealand, and two sediment sam the Tasman Sea, with particular reference to the ples were taken in the New Zealand area, one in Lord Howe Rise. [405] Wellington Harbour. These are tabulated and TE PUNGA, M.T. described (p. 58 and p. 141). [414] 1953a The Paryphantidae and a Cook Strait land bridge. URRY, W.D. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 35(1): 51-63. 1949 Radioactivity of ocean sediments. 6. Concentration Includes discussion of the formation of Cook of the radio-elements in marine sediments of the Strait. [406] Southern Hemisphere. Am. J. Sci. 247{4): 257-75. 1953b A late Pleistocene land bridge across Cook Strait, Experiments on cores collected by U.S. Navy New Zealand. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. B 35(2): 161-92. Antarctic Expedition 1946-47;° one core° in the New "The geological evidence for postulating a late Zealand region at 175 E, long. 44 S lat. is dis Pleistocene land connection between the North cussed quite extensively. [415] and South Islands [between the Marlborough VACQUIER, V. Sounds and Paraparaumu- Foxton area] . . . is 1969 Magnetic intensity field in the Pacific. Geophys. discussed." -a bstr. Monogr. 13: 422-30. Includes a chart showing rocks beneath Cook Mainly a study of the Northeast Pacific, but Strait and concludes with a history of Cook includes a figure with the following caption-"The Strait. [407] magnetic anomaly pattern correlated between pro THOMPSON, B.N. files by Peter [1966] and by Raff [1966] in the 1964 Basalt at Anchorite Rock, Hauraki Gulf. N.Z. JI north Pacific and Christoffel and Ross [1965] in Geol. Geophys. 7(3): 525-8. the south Pacific [after Vine, 1966]. Vine suggests "The rock pinnacle struck recently by the sub that the only difference between the two is the marine HMS Anchorite while on exercises in the rate of spreading that formed them." [416] Hauraki Gulf is composed of a sodic olivine basalt, and is probably Miocene or Pliocene in VAN BEMMELEN, R.W. age."-abstr. 1933 Versuch einer geotektonische Analyse Australiens Its relation to the surrounding geology is also und des Stidwest Pazifik nach der Undationstherie. discussed. [408] Proc. Sect. Sci. K. ned. Akad. Wet. 36(7): 740-9. Discussion of the geotectonics of an area that THOMSON, A.A.; EVISON, F.F. includes all the New Zealand region. [417] 1962 Thickness of the earth's crust in New Zealand. N.Z. 1965 The evolution of the Indian Ocean Mega-undation JI Geol. Geophys. 5(1): 29-45. ( causing the Indico-fugal spreading of Gondwana "Study of dispersive earthquake waves shows that fragments) . Tectonophysics 2( ]): 29-57. over much of New Zealand the crust has a typical Includes some discussion of continental drift in continental thickness of 30-40km, in accordance the Southwest Pacific and a folded chart showing with the evidence of earthquake body waves and an interpretation of structure in the New Zealand of gravity."-abstr. area. Includes information on and discussion of sur A mega-undation is the author's term for a large rounding oceanic areas. [409] scale vertical movement of the earth's crust. [418] THOMSON, J.A. 1926 Volcanoes of the New Zealand-Tonga volcanic zone; VAN DER LINDEN, W.J.M. 1966 South-west Pacific Ocean. Pp. 846-52 in Fairbridge, a record of eruptions. N.Z. JI Sci. Technol. 8(6): 354-71. R.W. (ed.) "Encyclopedia of Oceanography". Rein Gives a general introduction to the structure of hold, New York. xiii + 1021 pp. the zone, then discusses each volcano. Describes A general description, including boundaries, sedi only one submarine vent in the New Zealand ment, structural units, synthesis and regional deve area- Denham Bay, Raoul Island. [410] lopments. [419] 1967a A textural analysis of Wellington Harbour sediments. TIZARD, T.H.; MOSELEY, H.N.; BUCHANAN, J.Y.; N.Z. JI mar. Freshwat. Res. 1(1): 26-37. MURRAY, J. 1885 Narrative of the cruise of HMS Challenger with a "Grain size and carbonate analyses have been general account of the scientific results of the expe carried out on bottom sediments samples of Well dition. Rep. scient. Results exp/or. Voyage Challen ington Harbour. From grain-size parameters it was ger 1: 1110 pp. possible to establish a number of facies types and Description of the voyage between Sydney and to outline sediment sources and directions of trans New Zealand, and New Zealand and Tongatapu, port."-abstr. [420] the relevant stations being 165A to 171A. Includes 1967b Out into inner space. N.Z. NAC Airline Rev. 6(44): soundings and some description. of sediments. 12-13. [411] A general account of the seafloor around New Zealand and its structural history. Includes a UNITED STATES. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC OFFICE. bathymetrical chart. [421] MARINE SURVEYS DIVISION 1965 Operation Deep Freeze 62. 1962- 1963. Marine geo 1967c Structural relationships in the Tasman Sea and Tech. Rep. oceanogr. Off. South-west Pacific Ocean. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. physical investigations. 10(5 ): 1280-301. Wash. TR-118: 157 pp. "Bathymetric and magnetic data from Lord Howe Includes a description of geomagnetic survey Rise-New Caledonia Basin-Norfolk Ridge area results and profiles south of New Zealand and form the basis of a reinterpretation of the struc between Cook Strait and Australia. [412] ture and geological history of the Melanesian com UNITED STATES. NAVY. HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE plex in relation to the South-west Pacific Ocean." 1956 Report on Operation Deep Freeze I [1955-56]. Tech. -abstr.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Includes four folded charts. [422] Includes particulars of stations at which trawlirtg 1968 Textural, chemical and mineralogical analyses of was done, with the depth in fathoms and the marine sediments. Misc. Pubis N.Z. oceanogr. Inst. nature of the bottom sediment at each station. 39: 37 pp. [433] "This manual is a compilation of the analytical WALLACE, G.M.; NEWMAN, L.E.; JEROME, J.L. methods in sedimentary petrography commonly 1958 Bacteriological survey of Auckland Harbours. Part used by the N.Z. Oceanographic Institute." V. Vertical distribution of sewage in Waitemata Har intro. bour. N.Z. Jl Sci. 1(1): 23-34. Includes grain size analysis, carbonate analysis, There was no regular stratification of sewage heavy mineral analysis. [423] probably because of vertical eddies caused by tidal 1969a Off-shore sediments, North-west Nelson, South movement over an uneven bottom. The question Island, New Zealand. N.Z. Jl Geol. Geophys. 12(1): of pollution is considered. [434] 87-103. WEEKLY NEWS Numerous sediment analyses show that sediment is 1964 Ocean bed search finds phosphate and potash. moving northeastwards around Farewell Spit into Weekly News 5270: 5. Golden Bay. Two seismic profiles give an indica General description of current research of the tion of late Quaternary depositional history. [424] N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, and of the minerals 1969b Rotation of the Melanesian complex and of West found on the Chatham Rise that may be of some Antarctica-a key to the configuration of Gondwana. economic use. (Superseded by [308].) [435] Palaeogeogr., Palaeoc/im. Palaeoecol. 6: 37-44. WEEKS, L.G. "An anti-clockwise rotation of the Melanesian com- 1959 Geological architecture of the Circum-Pacific. Bull. plex with respect to Australia and an anti-clock Am. Ass. Petrol. Geol. 43(2): 350--80. wise rotation of West Antarctica with r.espect to A consideration of the whole Pacific. The Indo East Antarctica, both caused by active sea-floor nesian-Melanesian-New Zealand mobile belt is spreading emanating from mid-ocean ridges, en briefly described and reference made to strike-slip ables a reconstruction of Gondwanaland without faulting. Includes several charts of the whole the necessity of accepting sunken land bridges." Pacific. [436] abstr. Discusses many submarine features of the New WEGENER, A.L. Zealand region. [425] 1966 "The origin of continents and oceans". 4th rev. ed. Dover Publications, New York (first published [NO ITEM 426] 1929) . 246 pp. 1969c Extinct mid-ocean ridges in the western Pacific. By using the index, information can be discovered Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 6(6): 483-90. on the structural history of the New Zealand A study of the Dampier Ridge from magnetic and region, including specific reference to the Tonga seismic evidence suggests that it is an extinct mid Trench. [437] ocean ridge. Adjacent features are also examined. WILLIS, R.P. see also [113]. [427] 1961 Mechanical and other aspects of oceanographic research. Ji N.Z. Inst. Mech. Engrs 1(1): 9-12. VAN DER LINGEN, G.J. Description of the type of work done and equip 1969 The turbidite problem. N.Z. JI Geol. Geophys. 12(1): ment used by the N.Z. Oceanographic Institute. 7-50. [438] Discussion of the turbidity current hypothesis, with 1964 A new method of preparing marine sediment cores. a section on recent deep-sea sediments in relation Jl to this theory. [428] N.Z. Geol. Geophys. 7(4): 804-10. "Flame gouging can be used as a means of split VARNE, R.; GEE, R.D.; QUILTY, P.G. ting corer barrels containing sediment samples 1969 Macquarie Island and the cause of oceanic linear from the sea-bed."-abstr. [439] magnetic anomalies. Science (N.Y.) 166: 230--3. 1966 Simple joint for attaching core cutters to corer bar- "Macquarie Island is formed of probably Pliocene rels. N.Z. JI Sci. 9(1): 77-83. oceanic crust. Intruded into pillow lavas is a belt "An inexpensive, quick-operating joint has been of harzburgite and layered gabbro masses cut by evolved as a trouble-free method of attaching core dike swarms. Similar belt-like structures may cause cutters to corer barrels."-abstr. [440] the linear magnetic anomalies of the oceans." abstr. [429] WILSON, J.T. 1965 Submarine fracture zones, aseismic ridges and the VESTINE, E.H. International Council of Scientific Unions Line: pro 1939 Magnetic secular variation in the Pacific area. Proc. posed western margin of the East Pacific Ridge. 6th Paci/. Sci. Congr. 1: 65-74. Nature, Land. 207 (5000): 907-11. Several charts of isopors of differing sorts. The The western margin of the East Pacific Ridge is New Zealand region is included on all maps, as postulated to follow the edge of the New Zealand well as in the text. [430] Plateau, but little actual information is possible VINE, F.J. due to inadequate charting in this area. [441] 1966 Spreading of the ocean floor, new evidence. Science, 1969 Aspects of the different mechanics of ocean floors N.Y 154(3755): 1405-15. and continents. Tectonophysics 8: 281-4. Magnetic anomalies are used to show the history Includes a brief mention of three types of mech of the oceans. Includes discussion of the area anical movement related to continental drift south of New Zealand, particularly with �eference around New Zealand. [442] to the East Pacific Rise. [431] WISEMAN, J.D.H. see [216]. VOGT, P.R.see [405]. WISEMAN, J.D.H.; OVEY, C.D. VOGT, P.R.; SCHNEIDER, E.D.; JOHNSON, G.L. 1954 Proposed names of features on the deep sea floor. 1969 The crust and upper mantle beneath the sea. Geo 1. The Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Res. 2(2): 93-106. phys. Monogr. 13: 556-617. Includes general discussion, and definitions of Ker Includes discussion of the crustal structure and madec Ridge, Lord Howe Rise, Norfolk Island seismicity of the Tonga-Kermadec Trench. [432] Ridge, Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, South-western VOLKOV, I.I. see [316]. Pacific Basin, Tasman Basin, Kermadec Trench, Tonga Trench. [443] WAITE, E.A. 1909 Scientific results of the New Zealand Government see also [216]. Trawling Expedition, 1907; Introduction. Ree. Cant. WOLFF, T. Mus. 1(2): 45-64. 1964 The Galathea Expedition, 1950-52: list of benthic

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ stations from 0-400 metres, near-surface stations 1966 Structure of continental margins and development of and land stations. Vidensk. Meddr. dansk. naturh. ocean trenches. Geol. Surv. Pap. Can. 66-15: 357- Faren. 127: 192-258. 75 (Continental Margins and Island Arcs. Re Includes tabular information on stations in the port of Symposium). Tasman Sea, Milford Sound, west coast, around Includes diagrams and a short discussion of the Auckland, Kermadec Trench and surrounding area Tonga Trench. [450] and Tonga Trench. [444) see also [ 402]. WOOD, B.L. WRIGHT, J.B. 1958 Submarine geology of Bluff Harbour. N.Z. JI Geol. 1966 Convection and continental drift in the South-wes Geophys. 1(3): 461-9. tern Pacific. Tectonophysics 3(2): 69-81. A study of drill-cores of a small area at the south Description of the structure of the area, and con ern end of Bluff Harbour. [445] clusions drawn regarding continental drift. [451] 1966 Foveaux Strait. Pp. 742-3 in McLintock, A.H. (ed.) ZHIVAGO, A.V. "An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Vol. l". Govt. 1962 Outlines of Southern ocean geomorphology. Geo- Printer, Wellington. xxxi + 928 pp. phys. Monogr. 7: 74-80. A general description, including non-geological Includes most ° of the New Zealand region south aspects. Includes a small chart. [446] of latitude 40 S. Includes a folded coloured chart showing geomorphology, and a short description WOOLLARD, G.P.; STRANGE, W.E. of the South Pacific area. [452] 1962 Gravity anomalies and the crust of the earth in the 1965 Geomorfologiya i Tektonika dna Yuzhnogo Okeana. Pacific Basin. Geophys. Monogr. 6: 60-80. (Geomorphology and tectonics of the floor in the A general study with examples. Useful Pacific southern ocean) . Rez. lss/ed. mezhdunar. geofiz, charts, including the New Zealand region, show Proekt, JO Okeanol. lss/ed, 13: 148-56. (In Russian, ing free-air anomalies, Bouguer anomalies and English Abstract) . elevation of the mantle. Includes I'.eference to the Discusses ocean floor structures, the difficulties in Tonga Trench. [447] compiling tectonic maps of the area and the im WORZEL, J.L. possibility of applying continental schemes and 1965a Deep structure of coastal margins and mid-oceanic nomenclatures to submarine features. [453] ridges. Colston Pap. 17: 335-9. 1967 Bottom morphology and tectonics of the Southern Includes discussion and diagrams of the Tonga Ocean. Pp. 124-35 in "Proceedings of the Sympo Trench. [448] sium on Pacific-Antarctic Sciences." Scient. Rep. 1965b "Pendulum gravity measurements at sea, 1936-1959." lap. Antarct. Res. Exped, Spee. Issue 1. Wiley, New York. 422 pp. Includes the southern part of the New Zealand Includes gravity observations of the Tonga Trench area. [454] and their interpretations. [449] see also [273].

For convenience, the New Zealand Region has been sub B. OCEANIC AREAS divided into both coastal and oceanic areas (see frontispiece) . In each case an item referring to three or more individual 1. General : 3, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 24, 25, 26, 28, 33, 34, areas is listed under general. It is envisaged that the geograph 40, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 70, 82, 84, 85; 90, 93, 95; ical index will be used in conjunction with the subject index 96, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 108, 111, 112, 114, to locate papers precisely, , e.g., to find papers on the bathy 115, 117, 121, 123, 130, 132, 133, 134, 137, 140, 144, 147, metry of the Tasman Sea, look up both "Bathymetry" in the 149, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160, 162, 163, 164, 169, 170, subject index and "Tasman" in the geographical index and 175, 176, 178, 181, 183-199, 201, 202, 203, 208, 210, 211, the items which appear in both lists will be on the required 212, 216, 220, 223, 224, 225, 230, 233, 234, 236, 238, 24 1- subject. 248, 251, 257, 258, 260, 264, 268, 270, 271, 273, 276, 280, 281, 282, 283, 286, 288-306, 309, 314, 316, 323, 327, 330, 332, 338, 343, 344, 346, 348, 350, 356, 357, 358, 363, 390, A. COASTAL AREAS 395, 409, 411, 414, 416, 417, 418, 419, 421, 425, 428, 430, 433, 436, 437, 441, 443, 444, 447, 451, 452, 453, 454. 1. General: 64, 82, 93, 142, 179, 232, 278, 361, 371, 372, 442. 2. Kermadec: 4, 9, 10, 12, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 39, 41, 42, 2. Norith : 17, 67, 100, 115, 122, 126, 146, 277, 336, 360, 362, 43, 98, 102, 110, 118, 119, 120, 139, 165, 180, 204, 209, 365, 366, 367, 368, 370, 392, 393, 408, 434. 217, 219, 222, 226, 227, 237, 239, 240, 252, 253, 254, 255, 3. Northeast: 1, 68, 72, 116, 143, 158, 186, 202, 203, 213, 276, 292, 297, 299, 307, 310, 311, 312, 313, 333, 337, 339, 214, 229, 231, 284, 285, 319, 321, 328, 329, 369. 344, 345, 349, 359, 364, 374, 375, 376, 377, 380, 389, 396, 397, 400 401, 402, 403, 410, 432, 448, 449, 450. 4. Northwest: 43, 67, 235, 274, 275, 330. 3. Tasman: 5, 28, 29, 36, 43, 58, 111, 113, 148, 157, 161, 5. Cook Strait: 6, 19, 61, 62, 63, 65, 69, 71, 74, 75, 76, 77, 207, 217, 220, 221, 263, 292, 293, 347, 355, 378, 380, 384, 105, 106, 116, 131, 135, 145, 151, 152, 174, 181, 200, 202, 401, 404, 405, 412, 422, 426, 427, 444. 203, 228, 256, 266, 269, 275, 300, 310, 320, 342, 389, 406, 407, 414, 420, 424. 4. Eastern: 18, 31, 39, 47, 79, 80, 83, 88, 110, 136, 141, 209, 259, 262, 299, 307, 308, 325, 326, 341, 349, 385, 415, 6. Southwest: 5, 15, 35, 44, 138, 166, 167, 169, 205, 249, 250, 435. 322, 373, 379. 5. Subantarctic: 2, 3, 7, 13, 37, 38, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 7. Southeast: 27, 30, 64, 66, 68, 71, 72, 135, 141, 142, 267, 83, 87, 92, 94, 109, 125, 127, 128, 129, 150, 157, 167, 168, 28� 317, 318, 331, 340, 379, 381, 382. 171, 173, 177, 215, 261, 272, 287, 315, 324, 334, 335, 351, 8. South : 32, 73, 78, 81, 86, 89, 124, 173, 217, 386, 445, 352, 353, 354, 383, 386, 387, 388, 389, 391, 394, 398, 399, 412, 446. 413, 429, 431, 452, 453, 454. SUBJECT INDEX

Authigenic Minerals: 18, 47, 88, 289, 328, 341, 369, 374, 335, 352, 353, 354, 404, 405, 412, 416, 422, 427, 429, 430. 391, 394, 435. Palaeomagnetism: 261. Bathymetrical Nomenclature: 112, 123, 216, 301. Rock Samples: 32, 36, 73, 79, 80, 88, 308, 341, 393, 408. Bathymetry and Morphology: 6, 15, 16, 19, 27, 29, 30, 31, Seamounts and Guyots: 36, 115, 253, 254, 255, 295, 384. 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 43, 44, 57, 58, 61, 62, 70, 94, 109, 113, 114, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 135, Sediments: 7, 11, 17, 18, 29, 30, 31, 34, 37, 45, 47, 61, 64, 67; 136, 148, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160, 178, 205, 68, 73, 78, 80, 81, 82, 86, 88, 89, IOI, 106, 110, 113, 116, 211, 212, 215, 217, 219, 235, 243, 255, 258, 259, 262, 263, 124, 129, 131, 136, 138, 146, 153, 155, 179, 232, 233, 235, 273 280, 281, 285, 286, 287, 294, 295, 301, 302, 304, 305, 249, 250, 258, 26 1, 262, 264, 272, 274, 275, 277, 278, 289, 268, 293, 296, 302, 303, 304, 305, 307, 308, 316, 317, 318, 319, 308, 321, 324, 325, 326, 327, 333, 337, 338, 339, 343, 351, 320, 322, 323, 325, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 336, 340, 353, 354, 355, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 371, 373, 381, 382, 341, 342, 344, 350, 360, 361, 362, 369, 370, 371, 373, 374, 383, 387, 401, 403, 411, 412, 421, 422, 443, 444, 446, 452, 375, 381, 382, 383, 390, 391,392, 393, 394, 411, 413, 414, 453, 454. 415, 419, 420, 423, 424, 428, 433, 434, 435, 439, 440, 444, Bibliography: 102, 112, 137, 236. 445, 446. Continental Drift : 51, 111, 271, 283, 290, 418, 425, 442, 451. Seismic Profiles: 110, 293. Continental Drift-Heat Flo,w: 147, 161. Seismic Surveys: 234 306, 310, 328, 424. Continental Drift-Seafloor Spreading: 55, 87, 90, 91, 92, Seismology-Crustal Studies: 2, 20, 21, 22, 23, 48, 49, 50, 134, 238, 271, 314, 335, 398, 422, 427, 431. 95, 103, 104, 108, 139, 147, 167, 168, 169, 170, 175, 181, Economics: 47, 296, 308, 390, 435. 189, 218, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 237, 238, 251, 269, 270, Equipment and Techniques : 265, 305, 319, 320, 423, 438, 276 297, 298, 299, 309, 311, 312, 313, 339, 347, 349, 356, 439, 440. 357, 358, 386, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 402, 409, 432, 441. Faults and Faulting: 21, 22, 23, 65, 72, 83, 91, 92, 103, Seismology-Earthquakes: 1, 4, 5, JO, 13, 14, 41, 42, 48, 59, 104, 135, 151, 152, 208, 213, 223, 224, 225, 227, 266, 269, 60, 96, 97, 99, 105, 157, 158, 164 165, 180, 182, 183, 184, 276, 379, 385, 398, 436, 441. 185, 186, 187, 188, 191-203, 206, 213, 214, 228, 229, 230, Geochemistry : 7, 28, 249, 250, 316, 323, 330, 350, 373, 415. 231, 236, 239, 240, 244, 245, 246, 247, 260, 284, 376, 377, Geochemistry-Radiocarbon Dating: 86, 116, 318. 395. Structure : 8, 9, 12, 15, 20, 24, 25, 29, 33, 34, 40, 46, 51, Geological History : 24, 25, 61, 62, 63, 64, 70, 71, 75, 79, 56, 61, 83, 84, 85, 86, 90, 91, 98, 104, 107, 111, 113, 115, 86, 121, 123, 128, 130, 132, 152, 162, 171, 256, 257, 279, 119, 120, 122, 125, 126, 130, 133, 135, 140, 147, 148, 149, 281, 308, 315, 331, 387, 406, 407, 421. 151, 163, 167, 171, 172, 207, 208, 209, 210, 213, 214, 217, Geophysics : 174, 218, 292, 338. 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 256, 257, 263, 266, 269, 279, Gravity Surveys 74, 145, 172, 174, 176, 177, 348, 349, 378, 282, 288, 289, 291, 295, 298, 300, 308, 315, 321, 324, 325, 402, 447, 449. 326, 339, 379, 380, 386, 388, 393, 394, 417 419, 422, 427, Harbours: 6, 17, 19, 27, 30, 62, 65, 66, 74, 75, 77, 138, 141, 436, 437, 441,447, 448, 450, 453, 454. 146, 154, 166, 205, 232, 235, 266, 330, 336, 365, 366, 368, Submarine Canyons: 24, 35, 69, 76, 77, 143, 371, 372, 428. 370, 414, 420, 434, 445. Vulcanism: 32, 36, 92, 97, 100, 115, 126, 158, 163, 204, 242, Magnetic Studies: 3, 53, 54, 55, 56, 93, 141, 142, 173, 174, 252, 253, 254, 255, 289, 307, 333, 345, 359, 368, 377, 380, 178, 212, 221, 222, 236, 241, 248, 255, 262, 267, 306, 334, 388, 410.

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