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New identity and new paradigm Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: new identity and new paradigm a00a_first pages.indd 1 14.01.2012 17:41:33 Uhr Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: a00a_first pages.indd 2 14.01.2012 17:41:34 Uhr New identity and new paradigm Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: new identity and new paradigm edited by Violeta Simjanovska PAC Multimedia Skopje, 2011 a00a_first pages.indd 3 14.01.2012 17:41:34 Uhr Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: a00a_first pages.indd 4 14.01.2012 17:41:34 Uhr New identity and new paradigm Contents Foreward i About the Programme Culture From/For All v Concepts and Models of Cultural Policy: State versus City Violeta Simjanovska 1 Recycling as a Model for Participatory Local Culture: Re-thinking the Skopje Cultural Brand in the Context of Primitivism Vangel Nonevski 25 Re-thinking the Cities: Creativity and Politics. Architecture – designing politics of cultural permanence Dimitar Samardjiev 49 Representation of Diversity in the Public Space of Societies in Transition: Case Study of the City of Skopje Katerina Mojanchevska 75 Professionalising Culture: The Role of Producer and Manager Janko Ljumović 99 Culture, Economy and the City Development. Cultural Policy of Novi Sad between the branding-profitability demands and heritage-institutional protection Slavica Vučetić 105 a00b_content.indd 5 14.01.2012 17:42:10 Uhr Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: Re-defining the Fine Artist Profession. Educating new professionals to carry out policy changes Jelena Glišić 131 To Harmonize European Curricula in the Field of Cultural Policy or not: Theoretic and Methodological Issues Sanjin Dragojević 149 Pedagogies of the Home and International Schools: New Models for (De)Localized Cultural Policies? Bela Gligorova 195 European Perspectives in Re-positioning Culture SEE Cities: Challenges and Opportunities Tsveta Andreeva 209 Conclusions from the Conference Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: new identity and new paradigm 217 Authors 227 a00b_content.indd 6 14.01.2012 17:42:10 Uhr Authors a00c_fotka.indd 7 14.01.2012 17:42:35 Uhr Authors a00c_fotka.indd 8 14.01.2012 17:42:36 Uhr Authors a00c_fotka.indd 9 14.01.2012 17:42:38 Uhr Authors 10 a00c_fotka.indd 10 14.01.2012 17:42:38 Uhr new identity and new paradigm Forward Throughout the world history, cities and municipalities were the ini- tiators and carriers of cultural development. Within the space of socio- cultural centres (which not always coincide with cultural institutions), people discover and develop their talents, actively involving themselves in cultural activities. In these centres, social cohesion, interaction, soli- darity, providing help among neighbours, participation in the life of the neighbourhood, cultural heritage preservation, etc., are encouraged and strengthened. The basis of the twentieth-century society was established upon industrialization, but the twenty-first century society has moved be- yond knowledge and information as its bases, and progresses along the lines of creativity. This indicates that creativity will take a central role in society. In referring to such changes, the twentieth-first century will be the era of “city” (particularly the cultural or creative city), whereas the twentieth century can be called the era of “nation”. A city’s culture is its seal - a unique collection of distinctiveness, resources, skills and assets that make it different from any other city. City’s culture could be the key to the provision of an improved quality of life for the citizens and visitors. Everyone has something to contribute to the cultural development of its own city. It is the diversity, skills and ideas of the community that could make each city an interesting one and a place where people want to live, work and visit. Culture touches all of us in our daily lives and can make a real difference to our future. Culture can make a significant contribution towards achieving the city’s objectives. It can have an impact on the economy, employment, crime, health, education, the environment, transport, etc. a00d_forward.indd 1 14.01.2012 17:46:25 Uhr Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: Culture has become an increasingly important contributor to the revival of cities. Successful cities have a rich and varied cultural offer which improves quality of life and marks them out as desirable places to live, work in and visit. The broad range of cultural sectors – arts, he- ritage, sports, leisure, built environment, tourism, natural environment and the creative industries - form the distinctive features that contribute to the success of contemporary city life. None is significant on its own, but their collective contribution is multi-faceted and very powerful. The majority of the European Cities from London, through Am- sterdam, Barcelona and Venice, are significant entities in their own countries and regional powerhouses with impact far beyond their so- ciety. The same is already happening in Eastern Europe with cities like Prague, Budapest or Ljubljana regaining their historic importance in the wider world. Many other cities, particularly of the Balkans, are already polished and restructured into the world’s perception. Many of those images of the Balkan cities are good and some are still bad. And this, the process of re-imagining, re-thinking and re-defining of those cities is exactly what the city policy should be about. Unfortunately, most of the cities of the Balkans and yet of the Eastern Europe have hardly been equipped by systematic and clear cul- tural or city development policies. At the moment, their restructuring and development is rather chaotic. The non “existence of cultural poli- cy” is based on short term projects that depend on decisions usually not based on serious professional reflection or promoted by the majority of citizens, who might be able to influence democratic procedures in the decision making process. There are still many problems that reflect on city development as well as chaos in urban planning processes, poor traffic systems, poor conditions of the cultural centres, low level of -hu man resources that deal with culture, etc. There are still some examples of successful and less successful local cultural policies for cities in the Balkans. All above-mentioned was the trigger for organizing the Regio- nal Conference that was held in Skopje in September 2010, organized by PAC Multimedia in partnership with ODA Theater from Prishtina, where many issues related to local cultural policy were discussed. The main theme of the conference was: Re-thinking Local Cul- tural Policy: new identity and new paradigm. The conference’s star- a00d_forward.indd 2 14.01.2012 17:46:26 Uhr new identity and new paradigm ting point was the presumption that Culture is not just some kind of an extra option to the Municipalities in the Balkan region, but that it is an essential component for social regeneration, improvement of the life quality of its citizens, as well as of its economic development. During the conference, intensive discussions and debates took place where more than 80 people from the Balkan region were present as well as acade- mics, cultural operators, artists, public administrators, students, etc. At the end of the conference, a list of conclusions were developed that we are presenting at the end of this publication as well. As a part of this par- ticular conference, a call for papers on the same theme was announced and ten articles were collected. This publication is not a cultural policy manual, guide or list of cultural tools and indicators per se. Rather, its central ambition is to present the thoughts towards City Cultural policies from experts, aca- demics, cultural operators, artists from the Balkans. The articles assembled in this collection touch upon other per- tinent issues representing a kind of intellectual approach that supports the process of re-contextualization of city challenges: culture becoming a resource for development of our societies and the importance of re- defining the local cultural policies in this respect. This publication is addressed to a number of constituencies – to policy-makers and practitioners in the field of culture and development, to institutional and community-based researchers, to “stakeholders in the cultural field” in the broadest sense – and we are probably all mem- bers of that group. It might serve as a generator for further dialogue and discussions. The Editor a00d_forward.indd 3 14.01.2012 17:46:26 Uhr Re-thinking Local Cultural Policy: v a00d_forward.indd 4 14.01.2012 17:46:27 Uhr new identity and new paradigm About the project CULTURE FROM/FOR ALL: policy cooperation between Kosovo and Macedonia The project is based on the presumption that culture is not just some kind of an extra option to the municipalities in the Republic of Mace- donia and the Republic of Kosovo, but it is its essential component for social cohesion, an improvement to the life quality of its citizens regard- less of their ethnical, religious, educational, social, gender background, as well as to its economic development. If culture is about identities, lifestyles, conduct, ethics, gover- nance and the ways in which we go about our daily lives, this should not be too difficult to countenance. If we agree to have policies about culture or link culture to development objectives, then we are also consenting, explicitly or implicitly, to logic of planning. Planning, that is to say, is not just about “hard infrastructure” but also about soft and creative in- frastructure: people and their needs and visions. By building strong partnerships between civil society organiza- tions and local governmental institutions, as well as by building up cul- tural and artistic network with a focus on promotion of arts and culture, we hope to ensure systematic interaction and mutual confidence, joint and coordinated activities at all levels. This project will be implemented under the partnership agree- ment of Performing Arts Center Multimedia [www.multimedia.org.