1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECOR-D--SENATE 1633 H. R. 2948. A bill to amend title 18, United versary of -the fortification of Dorchester By Mr. RODINO: States Code, with respect to fraud by radio; · Heights, M:ass., and the evacuation of the H. R. 2969. A bill for the relief of Daniel to the Committee on the Judiciary. British from Boston, Mass., to be held in O'Toole; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. FERNOS-ISERN: ~outh Boston, Mass., on March 17, 1951; to H. R. 2970. A bill for the relief of Solomon H. R. 2949. A bill to abolish the Model the Committee on Rules. Jacob and Mrs. Helen Jacob; to the Com­ Housing Board of Puerto Rico; to the Com­ mittee on the Judiciary. mittee on Interior and Insular Affairs. H. R. 2971. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Ella By Mr. FORD: MEMORIALS Nolan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 2950. A bill to -provide benefits for Under clause 3 of rule XXII,- memo­ By Mr. STIGLER: members of the Reserve components of the rials were presented and referred as fol­ H. R. 2972. A bill for the relief of Harold Armed Forces who suffer disability or death lows: · Joe Davis; to the Committee on the Judiciary. While performing travel to and from specified By Mr. WITHROW (by request): types of active duty, and fo'r other purposes; By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ H. R. 2973. A bill for the relief of Arthur to the Committee on Armed Services. lature of the State of Idaho, memorializing DeWitt Janes; to the Committee on the By Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL: the President and the Congress of the United .Judiciary. H. R. 2951. A bill to freeze the middleman States to take such action as may be neces­ H. R. 2974. A bill for the relief of George to price ceilings below retail to guarantee sary and expedient to prevent the ·sending Hodge; to the Committee on the Judiciary. everybody reasonable profit at 1939 price of the ground troops of the United States of By Mr. YORTY: levels; to the Committee on Banking and America to foreign countries by the Presi­ H. R. 2975. A bill for the relief of Conrad Currency. dent of the United States witho'ut first ob­ R. Fanton; to the Committee on the By Mr. HARDY: taining advice and consent of the Congress Judiciary. H. R. 2952. A bill to authorize the attend­ in · the absence of a declaration of war by the Congress; to the Committee on Foreign ance of the United States Navy Band at the PETITIONS, ETC. final reunion of the United Confederate Vet­ Affairs. -erans to be held in Norfolk, Va., May 30 Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions . through June 2, 1951; to the Committee on State of North Dakota, relative to establish­ ing a stabilized premium on the protein con­ and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Armed Services. and referred as follows: By Mr. HARRISON of Virginia (by .re­ tent of hard spring wheat; to the Committee on Agriculture. ' 70. By Mr. FORAND: Resolution entitled quest): Also, memorial of the Legislature of the "Resolution memorializing Congress with. H . R. 2953. A bill to amend the Social Secu­ State of Tennessee, relative to the ratification relation to enactment of legislation to incor­ rity Act, as amended; to the Committee on by the Legislature of the State of Tennessee porate the principle of reinsurance as a Ways and Means. of the proposed amendment No: 22 to the means · of enabling the Federal Government By Mr. SMI\li'H of Virginia: Constitution of the United States; to the to assume its responsibilities in financing the H. R. 2954. A bill to authorize and direct Committee on the Judiciary. unemployment compensation program and the Commissioners :of the District of Colum­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the thereby equalizing the tax burden among bia to construct a· bridge over the Potomac Territory of Alaska, memorializing the Presi­ the States," passed by the General Assem_bly River in the vicinit-y of Shepherds Landing, dent and the Congress of the United States of the State of Rhode Island and Providence and for other purposes; to the Committee on to examine mineral policy with respect to Plantations at the January session on Feb­ the District of Columbia. aiding in the development of the base metal ruary 20, 1951; to the Committee on Ways !By Mr. YORTY: mining industry of the Territory of Alaska; and Means. H. R. 2955. A bill rela+.ing to the stabiliza­ to the Committee on Banking and Currency. 71. By Mr. MORRIS: Memorial of the Leg­ tion of defense farm labor; to the Commit­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the islature of the State of Oklahoma, relative to tee on Ae:ricultu.re. Territory of Alaska, concerning suspension extending time in which Indian tribes may By-Mr. CELLER: of annual assessment work on mining claims; file claims before the Indian Claims Com­ H. R. 2956. A bill to amend section 73 of to the Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ mission; to the Committee on Interior and the act"of January 12, 1895, as amended, relat­ fairs. Insular Affairs. ing to the printing, binding, and distribu­ tion of the Statutes at Large, and sections 411, 412, and 413 of title 28, United States PF',IVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTION5 Code, relating to the printing, binding, and Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private distribution of decisions of the Supreme SENATE Court of the United States, and for other bills and resolutions were introduced purposes; to the Committee on the Judiciary. and severally referred as follows: WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1951 By Mr. JONES of Alabama: By Mr. ALBERT: H. R. 2957. A bill to increase the capital H. R. 2959. A bill for the relief of Mary . (Legislaiive day of Monday, January 29, stock of the Inland Waterways Corporation Rose; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 1951) and to extend the service of such Corporation By Mr. BEALL: to the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers; to H. R. 2960. A bill for the relief of John The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Nicholas Christodoulias; to the Committee on the expiration of the recess. Commerce. on the Judiciary. The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown By Mr. MULTER: By Mr. BOW: H. R. 2958. A bill to exempt the salaries of H. R. 2961. A bill for the relief of John F. Harris, D. D., o:f!ered the following employees of State and local governments Roberts; to the Committee on the Judiciary. prayer: from control under the Defense Production By Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL: O Lord, in the morning will we direct Act of 1950; to the Committee on Banking H. R. 2962. A bill for the relief of the our prayer unto Thee, and will look up: and Currency. widow of Frank Winfield Burman, lieuten­ By Mr. HARRIS: ant, United States Naval Reserve; to the May the hush of Thy presence move us H. J. Res. 173. Joint resolution to amend Committee on the Judiciary. in this hallowed moment to adoration, and extend the provisions of the District of By Mr. HEFFERNAN: and may all other voices be stilled that Columbia Emergency Rent Act, as amended; H. R. 2963. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Thine may be heard. to the Committee on the District Columbia. Josephine Payne; to the Committee on the To a wo;rld where evil seems so ram­ By Mr. RANKIN: Judiciary. pant may our contribution be a life H.J. Res .. 174. Joint resolution authorizing By Mr. LIND: purged of self, of impurity and hatred, the President to issue posthumously to the H. R. 2964. A bill for the relief of Gaspare late George Smith Patton, Jr., a lieutenant Borsellino; to the Committee on the Judi­ moved by compassion and by concern for general, Army of the United States; a com­ , ciary. all mankind. Amid pollution may our mission as a five-star general; to the Com­ By Mr. MURPHY: own motives be a part of the salt of the mittee on Armed Services. H. R. 2965. A bill for the relief of Otto earth. In the encircling gloom may our By Mr. HOWELL: Berliner; to the Committee on the Judiciary. spirits be as the candle of the Lord. H. Res. 144. Resolution requesting the By Mr. RIBICOFF: May the great causes that will mold the · President to appoint a bipartisan commission H. R. 2966. A bill for the, relief of Cornelia futcire into the pattern of Thy desire and relating to American policy in Germany; to Jean Seager; to the Committee on the Judi­ design, that will heal the world and re­ the Committee on Foreign Affairs. ciary. ,. By Mr. McCORMACK: H. R. 2967. ·A bill for the relief of Capt. build it, challenge the best that is in us, H. Res. 145. Resolution providing for the Merton Jesse Clark; to the Committee on as we serve our little day, and gain the attendance of a committee to represent the Armed Services. supreme allegiance of our love and labor. House of Representatives at the celebration H. R. 2968. A bill for the relief of Kyung We ask it in the name of the Master of of the one hundred and seventy-fifth anni- H. Park; to the Committee on the Judiciary. all good workmen. Am.en. 1634 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·· SENATE FEBRUARY 28 THE JOURNAL had sessions of the Senate each day. In CONSTRUCTION AT MILITARY AND NAVAL On request of Mr. McFARLAND, and by the future we shall try to provide time INSTALLATIONS unanimous consent, the reading of the for the committees to meet. On the oth­ A letter from the Acting Administrator, er hand, when important proposed legis­ General Services Administration, transmit- Journal of the proceedings of Tuesday, . ting a draft of•proposed legislation to repeal February 27, 1951, was dispensed with. lation such as that now pending is be­ fore the Senate, especially after it has section 407 of Public Law 910, Eighty-first MESSAGES FROlt THE PRESIDENT Congress (with an accompanying paper): to been considered for several days, I think the Committee on Armed Services. Messages in writing from the Presi­ Senators should give their attention to dent of the United States submitting the proceedings in the Senate. REPORT OF FEDERAL POwER COMMISSION A letter from the Acting Chairman of the nominations were communicated to the TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINF.SS Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secre­ Federal Power Commission, transmitting, Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I pursuant to law, the annual report of the taries. Commission for the fiscal year ended June LEAVE OF ABSENCE ask unanimous consent that Senators be 30, 1950 (with an accompanying report) ; to permitted to present petitions and me­ the Committee on Interstate and Foreign On his own request, and by unanimous· morials, submit reports, introduce bills Commerce. consent, Mr. FLANDERS was excused from and joint resolutions, and offer routine REPORT OF COMPTROLLER GENERAL attendance on the sessions of the Senate matters for the RECORD, without debate for the remainder of the week. A letter from the Acting Comptroller Gen­ and without speeches. eral of the United States, transmitting, pur­ COMMI'ITEE MEETINGS DURING SENATE The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ suant to law, the annual report of the Comp­ SESSION jection? The Chair hears none, and it troller General of the work of the General Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I is so ordered. Accounting Office for the fiscal year 1950 EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. (with an accompanying report); to the Com­ ask unanimous consent that the Sub­ mittee on Expenditures in the Executive committee on Privileges and Elections of The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Departments. the Committee on Rules and Adminis­ Senate the following letters, which were PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS tration, the Committee on Armed Serv­ referred as indicated: ices, the Committee on Foreign Rela­ READJUSTMENT OF POSTAL RATES Petitions, etc., were laid before the tions and the Committee on the District Senate, or presented, ~nd referred as in­ A letter from the Postmaster General, of C~lumbia be permitted to meet during transmitting a draft of proposed legisla­ dicated: the session of the Senate today. tion to readjust postal rates (with an ac­ By the VICE PRESIDENT: The VICE PRESIDENT: Without ob­ companying paper); to the Committee on A resolution of the House of Representa­ jection, consent is granted. Post Office and Civil Service. tives of the Territory of...wiaska; to the Com­ ANNOUNCEMENT OF OBJECTION TO COM­ REPORT OF SYNTHETIC LIQUID FUELS mittee on Interior and -lHSular Affairs: MITTEE MEETINGS DURING SENATE A letter from the Secretary of the Interior, "House Menfp.fial 10 SESSIONS WHILE SENATE BILL 1 IS transmitting, pursuant to law, a report on "To the Honorable Harryf.-S. Truman, Presi­ UNDER CONSIDERATION synthetic liquid fuels, parts I to IV, for the dent · of the United States,· to the Hon­ calendar year 1950 (with accompanying orable James Boyd, Administrator of the Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, in documents); to the Committee on Interior Defense Minerals Administration; to the connection with the request I have just and Insular Affairs. Reconstruction Finance Corporation,· to made in regard to committee meetings SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION OP' .ALIENS the National Security Resources Board,· during the session of the Senate today, I to the Presi dent of the Senate and the wish to make an announcement. I doubt A letter from the Acting Attorney General, Speaker of the House of Representatives transmitting, pursuant to law, copies of or­ of the Congress of the United States and whether there will be before the present ders of the Commissioner of the Immigration session of the Congress any proposed to the Honorable E. L. Bartlett, Delegate and Naturalization Service, suspending de­ to the Congress for the Territory of legislation more important than the portation of certain aliens, together with a . Alaska: measure now under consideration by the detailed statement of the facts and pertinent "Your memorialist, the House of Repre­ Senate. Yet there are so many commit­ provisions of law as to each alien and the sentatives of the Legislature of Alaska, re­ tee meetings during the session of the reasons for ordering such suspension (with spectfully represents: accompanying papers); to the Committee on Senate that we do not have a proper at­ the Judiciary. "Whereas the Territory of Alaska contains tendance of Senators on the :floor. So many small deposits of antimony, mercury, I wish to give notice now that tomorrow, AMENDMENT OF MOTOR CARRIER CLAIMS tungsten, tin, copper, lead, zinc, chrome, and instead of asking permission that cer­ COMMISSION ACT oth er cri~ical and essential minerals from tain of the committees may meet dur­ A letter from the Director, Executive Of- which the Territory has contributed to the ing the session of the Senate, I am going ~ fl.ce of the President, Bureau of the Budget, world mineral market, and to the war effort transmittlng a draft of proposed legislation during World Wars I and II; and to object to having committees meet to amend the act creating the Motor Carrier "Whereas the Alaskan gold-mining indus­ during the Senate session. I hope Claims Commission (Public Law 880, 80th try, which is the mainstay of the mining we can conclude action on the pending Cong.) (with accompanying papers); to the industry of the Territory, is caught between bill this week, and I think the Senate Committee on the Judiciary. rising costs and the fixed price of gold, and should give all its attention to the im­ ExTENSION OF Ams TO NAVIGATION TO TRUST there is little possibility of relief to this portant measure which is now before it. TERRITORY OF PACIFIC ISLANDS great industry; and Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the "Whereas many gold-mining operators now A letter from the Acting Secretary of the being forced out of business would take up Senator yield? Treasury, transmitting a draft of proposed Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. base and critical metal mining should the legislation to expand the authority of the proper marketing facilities be offered them; Mr. MORSE. I wish to commend the Coast Guard to establish, maintain, and op­ and majority leader for the announcement erate aids to navigation to include the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (with an ac­ "Whereas Alaskan base-metals producers he has just made. He has given the have always had marketing difficulties on committees f a.ir notice. I wish to assure companying paper); to the Committee on lnteri;tate and Foreign Commerce. · account of transportation and distance from him that in the future if he does not ob­ market; and ject, I shall object to the holding of com­ REPORT ON CONTRACTS NEGOTIATED BY NATIONAL "Whereas markP-ts and purchase of min­ mittee meetings while the Senate is in ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS eral products has not yet been included in session. A letter from the Executive Secretary of the present Defense Production Act of 1950; Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, we the National Advisory Committee for Aero­ and have tried to recognize the importance nautics, Washington, D. C., transmitting, "Whereas stockpiles of critical and essen­ pursuant to law, a repbrt of contracts nego­ tial minerals represent a capital investment of having committee meetings. After tiated under sections 2 (c) (11) and (16) of by the Government, which have a market all, there must be time for the commit­ the Armed Services Procurement Act of 1947, value in peace, and a priceless time value in tees to meet, in order that proposed leg­ for the period July 1 to December 31, 1950 national emergencies; now therefore, yobr islation may come before the Senate. In (with an accompanying report); to the Com­ memorialist, the House of Representatives of order to make tl1at possible, we have not mittee on Armed Services. the Territory of Alaska, in twentieth regular ,1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1635 session assembled, respectfully urges the end the power of the United States to con­ of the United States, to the President of the above-named agencies and the Congress of trol Japanese fishing, and the only manner United States Senate, to the Speaker of the the United States to examine its mineral in which the fisheries of the United States House of Representatives of the United policy in regard to purchase of base and and Canada may be protected from the en­ States, and to Senators and Congressmen of critical -minerals, and to authorize the Re­ croachment of the Japanese in the future is the State of New Mexico in the National construction Finance Corporation to set up through the treaty which is now being con­ Congress. an ore-purchasing depot within the Terri­ sidered: Now, therefore, be it "CALVIN HORN, tory of Alaska for the purpose of stockpiling "Resolved by the Legislature of the Terri· ;; "Speaker, House of Representatives. and aiding in the development of the base­ tory of Alaska, That the menace to the afore­ ~ "SANTOS QUINTANA, metal mining industry of the Territory, this said fisheries through a revival of Japanese "Chief Clerk, House of Representatives." fishing in the waters off the coast of Alaska to be carried out along the same lines as it "House Memorial 3 was under the Metals Reserve Company, sub­ and British Columbia which will result un­ sidiary of the Reconstruction Finance Cor­ less steps are taken to safeguard the fish­ "Memorial -to the Congress of the United poration, during World War II, in conjunc­ eries of the two countries, be brought to States to construct Chifl.o Dam, on the Rio tion with the Territorial department of the immediate attention of the President of Grande above Cerro, Taos County, N. Mex. mines. the United States and the Secretary of "Be it resolved by the Legislature of the "And your memorialist will ever pray. State and to the Congress of the United State of New Mexico: "Passed by the house, February 7, 1951. States, and that the President and the Secre­ "Whereas a large number of farmers and "WILLIAM A. EGAN, tary of State be urged to take immediate stockraisers on. lands adjacent to the Rio "Speaker of the J:J.ouse. steps to have included in any treaty with Grande above Cerro, Taos Co~nty, N. Mex., "Attest: Japan a provision that no Japanese fishing have suffered on account of drought condi­ "MARG,\RET 0. GRISHAM, vessels will be permitted to engage in the tions, both in· the States of Colorado and "Chief Clerk oj- the House. fisheries of the Pacific Coast which have been New Mexico,. in the past years; and "Approved by the Governor, Februax:y 9, fished and in which the fishing industry has "Whereas the building and construction been developed by fishermen of Canada and of the Chifl.o Dam would alleviate and help 1951. the United States, with a reciprocal provi­ "ERNEST GRUENING, to store the waters of the Rio Grande during "Governor of Alas_ka." _sion that vessels of the United States not :Hoods and natural overflow; and be permitted to fish in the waters of Japan, "Whereas the Federal Government has a A joint resolution of the Legislature of the and that the Senate of the United States new COJ:X?.mittee on Public Works for the pur­ Territory of Alaska; to the Committee on be requested to refuse to ratify any peace pose of relieving the distressed farmers and Foreign Relations: - treaty with Japan which does not have full stockraisers, who suffer because of drought "Senate Joint Resolution 1 and adequate provisions for safeguarding the conditions not only in the State of New "Whereas for many years the United States fisheries in the coastal waters of Alaska and Mexico but in several other States of the and Canada have cooperated and worked to­ in the northeastern Pacific Ocean adjacent Union; and gether to protect-r their mutual interests in thereto; be it further "Whereas such a project should be under­ "Resolved, the fisheries in 1 ~he coastal and off-shore That copies of this resolution be tak«fu at the earliest possible date in order to waters of Alaska qµci British Columbia, and forwarded by air mail to the President of relieve the dire conditions of the stockmen have invested mor_er than $350,000,000 in the .the United States, the Secretary of State, and farmers along the Rio Grande: Now, fishing and processing of salmon, halibut, the President of the United States Senate, therefore, be it the Speaker of the House of Representatives tuna, herring, sard1nes, crab, and other fish "Resolved by the Legislature of the State and fish products in the coastal waters and of the United States, the Delegate to Con­ gress from Alaska, and the Governor G>f of New Mexico, That the Congress of the in the water of the Northeastern Pacific United States be and it ls petitioned and Ocean; an industry which employs 50,000 Alaska. "Passed by the senate February 5, 1951. memorialized that proper legislation be in­ men directly and approximately 175,000 men troduced in the House of Representatives, or in transportation, processing, and marketing "GUNNARD M. ENGEBRETH, the Senate, for the immediate construction fish and fish products; and "President of the Senate. "Attest: of Chifio Dam on the Rio Grande above Cerro-, "Whereas, prior to the outbreak of the war Taos County, N: Mex.; be it further with Japan which began on December 7, 1941, "BONNIE Jo GRONROOS, "Secretary of the Senate. "Resolved, That a copy of this memorial the fisheries of the United States and Canada be sent to the President of the United States have been invaded by Japanese fishermen and .. Passed by the house February 8, 1951. "WM, A. EGAN, Senate and to the Speaker of the House of Japanese fishing vessels in great numbers Representatives as well as to the United and at the time of the outbreak of the war "Speaker of the House. "Attest: States Senators and Representatives in Con­ they constituted a serious and deadly menace gress from the State of New Mexico. to the fishing industry of the United States "MARGARET 0. GRISHAM, "Chief Clerk of the House. . "CALVIN HORN, and Canada in the Northeastern Pacific "Speaker, House of Representatives. · 0cean, as they were subject to no control "Approved by the Governor February H . 1951. "SANTOS QUINTANA, or regulation, for they were subject to no "Chief Clerk, House of Representa­ regulation when fishing outside the 3-mile "ERNEST GRUENING, limit and while operating outside that "Governor of Alaska." tives." limit with safety, they were also able to en­ Two resolutions of the House of Repre• A joint resolution of the Legislature of the gage extensively in fishing in · the inland sentatives of the State of New Mexico; to State of Idaho; to the Committee on Agricul· waters, and they were a constant threat to the Committee on Public Works: ture and Forestry: the fishing industry of the United States "House Joint Memorial 3 and Canada; and "House Memorial 2 "Whereas the United States and Canada "To the Honorable Senate and the House ''Memorial by the· Twentieth Legislature of of Representatives of the United States have by treaty between them and by laws the State of New Mexico memorializing Of their respective national, provincial, ap.d of America in Congress assembled: the Congress of the United States to build "We, your memorialists, the Senate and State governments, very effectively regulated a post-office btlilding at Bernalillo, N. Mex. the fisheries in the waters of the two coun­ the House of Representatives of the State tries as far as their jurisdiction extends, "Be it resolved by the Legislature of the of Idaho, in legislative session assembled, while on the other hand Japan has never State of New Mexico: most respectfuly represent and petition as considered the conservation of fisheries even "Whereas there exists a great · and urgent :follows: within its own waters and has fished with­ necessity for a post-office building at Berna­ . "Whereas the United States Department out restriction and without regard to future lillo, Sandoval County, N. Mex., because of of Agriculture, through the United States supply; and growth of the population and increase in Forest Service, recently has adopted a policy "Whereas during the recent war the Jap­ postal activities, Bernalillo being the county of levying special fees for public use of anese were unable to fish to any extent in seat for Sandoval County and distribution certain national forest camping grounds the waters of Alaska and Canada and were center for mail going to other parts of the. located within the State of Idaho; and unable to interfere with the fish supply county: Now, therefore, be it "Whereas such fees are being charged for of the two countries, and since the end of "Resolved by the Legislature of the the use of publicly owned camping facilities the war they have been forbidden to fish State of New Mexico, That the Congress of built by .moneys collected into the United in those waters while Japan is occupied by the United States be, and is hereby, memo­ States Treasury through general taxation; · the Armed Forces of the United States and rialized to enact legislation which will au­ and their government administered under the thorize the erection of a post-office building "Whereas the .levying of special fees against American authorities, but it is now proposed at Bernalillo, N. Mex.; be it further users of public camping grounds located to sign a treaty of peace with Japan which "Resolved, That a copy of this resolution within the national forests and controlled will end the United States occupation and ~e forwarded, respectively, to the President by the United States Forest Service, does

_J 1636 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 in .effect deny the use of such camping crowded condition in several of tbese schools, assembled in . the : Eighty-first _CQngress grounds to citizens of the United States requiring the construction of additional fa­ passed · Public . Law 58'.7, . aipproved June who are unable to afford the additional cilities to accommodate the students within 30, 1950, authorizing the importation of not burden imposed upon them by the special the school district; and more than 250 skilled. sheepherders from fees, but who have. contributed to the cost "Whereas because of the existence of these foreign countries, which said. public law of the acquisition and construction of said nontaxable lands within said school districts, was passed fo.r the purpo,se of aiding and facilities by virtue of their tax payments there are inequalities existing in the financ­ assisting the great wool-growing . industry to the United States; and ing of school buildings, and in carrying on of the West; and "Whereas the levying ·of special fees for the educational-program,. insofar as the costs "Whereas the intention of said law was to the use of public camping grounds within thereof and . benefits thereof apply to the permit skilled -sheepherder.s of the Basque the national forests will cause many persons students of the said districts, as compared nation in the Pyrenees Mountains of north­ to camp in _localities not subject _to such to the other enrolled students of this State; ern Spain and southern France to come to fees, upon land where fire hazards are much and the United States to tend . the herds of the greater than at prepared, protected, and con- "Whereas either a deficit has been created wool industry of the West; and trolled camp sites; and · . in said school districts each year, or the "Whereas under the provisions of title 50, "Whereas such fire hazards will constitute quality of the educational program has been section 781 of the United States Code An­ a serious menace to our forest resources with decreased each year as a result of the fore­ notated, known as the internal security consequent peril to conservation and recla­ going situation, which deficit continues to law, the Attorney General of the United mation programs; and increase, and which educational offerings States has, by authority duly vested in him, "Whereas the cost of protecting against must continue to decrease unless adequate taken action to prevent the carrying out of and fighting ·such potential fires must vastly relief is granted; and the provisions of Public Law 587, and as a exceed the relatively minor amounts of rev­ "Whereas the foregoing. problem and other consequence thereof, the wool industry of P.nue gained· fro~ the special use fees now problems concerning Indians which relate the West has suffered, with the result that levied: Now, therefore, be it directly to the education of Indians are the the price of both wool and mutton has in­ "Resolved, That the Senate and House of ·responsibility of the Federal Government of creased considerably to the consumer;. and Representatives of the State of Idaho, in the United States, to be borne equally by there is now a serious wool shortage in the a regularly called session of the legislature all States and not the few States wherein United States to supply the needs of our assembled, do hereby memorialize and peti­ the · Federal Government has seen fit to Armed.Forces and our citizens;. and tion the Congress of the United States De­ establish Indian reservations, and particu.:. "Whereas it is the belief of the Legislature partment of Agriculture for the acquisition, larly those taxpayers within the school dis­ of the State of Idaho, that no valid reason tricts concerned; and maintenance, protection, supervision;and ad­ exists for ~aid action so taken by the Attor­ "Whereas the Federal Government of the ministration of public camping grounds, ney General of the United-States; and within the national forests of the United United States is not now assuming either the States, and that the Congress of the United total cost, or its just share of the total "Whereas it is the opinion of this body States declares as its policy that public cost of the education of the Indian students: that the ban so imposec:'f.l by said Attorney camping grounds and facilities locatefl in Now, therefore, be it General to the execution of Public Law 587, national forest areas be made available to "Resolved by the Senate of the State of should be lifted in the ix;terests of the wool­ the general public without charge, and that Idaho (the house of representatives con­ growing industry of the - W~st and the public: the cost of maintaining, supervising, and curring), That we most respectfully urge Now, therefore, be it ,.n administering such camping grounds be the Congress of the United States of America "Resolved by the House of Representatives borne by the United States Department of to make an appropriation· to the school dis.!. of the thirty-first session of the Legislature Agriculture out of its appropriated funds; tricts wherein the foregoing problem exists, of the State of Idaho (the Senate concur­ and be it further to the end that payments may be made to ring), That we most respectfully urge upon "Resolved, That the secretary of state of said school districts for the purposes of pay­ the Congress of the United States to take the State of Idaho, be, and he is hereby ing off the debts incurred by these districts pirected to forward copies of this memorial as previously noted, and for payment for the such action as it deems necessary to activate to the President of the United States Senate, capital outlay required in additiOnal con­ and carry out the provisions of Public Law to the Speaker of the United States House of struction as a result of attendance of Indian 587 so that the skilied sheepherders of the Representatives, and to each member of the students at each of the schools, to the end Basque nation may enter the United States Idaho delegation of the United States Con- that the appropriation may be made avail­ and alleviate the serious condition existing gress. - able to the school districts for the pro rata in the wool-growing industry of the Westr be "This joint memorial passed the house on cost to the school of educating the said c~il­ it further the 5th day of February, 1951. dren who are in attendance in the said school "Resolved, That the secretary of state of "W. L. MILLS, districts each year; be it further the State of Idaho be, and he is hereby au­ "Speaker of the House of Represent­ "Resolved, That the secretary of state of . thorized and directed to send copies of this atives. the State of Idaho be authorized, and he is joint memorial to the President of the "This joint memorial passed the senate hereby directed, to immediately forward United States, to the Senate and House of on the 8th day ·of February, 1951. copies of this memorial to the Senate and Representatives of the United States, to the "EDSON H. DEAL, the House of Representatives of the United United States Senators and Representatives "President of the Senate." States of America and to the Senators and of the State of Idaho, to the Attorney Gen­ A joint resolution of the Legislature of the Representatives in Congress from this State. eral of the United States, and to the Secre­ State of Idaho; to the Committee on Appro­ "This senate joint memorial passed the tary of State of the United States.· priations: senate on the 2d day of February 1951. "This joint-memorial passed the house on "EDSON H. DEAL, . the 26th day of January 1951. "Senate Joint Memorial 2 "President of the Senate. "W. L. MILLS, "To the Honorable Senate and House of. "This senate joint memorial passed the "Speaker of the House of Representatives. Representatives of the United States of house of representatives on the 8th day of "This joint memorial passed the senate on America in Congress Assem.bled: February 1951. • the 30th day of January 1951. MILLS, "We, your memorlalists, the Senate and "W. L. "EDSON H. DEAL, House of Represen,tatives of the State of "Speaker of the House "President of the Senate." Idaho, in ·legislative session, duly and regu­ of Representatives." la,rly assembled, most .r~spectfully present A joint resolution of the Legislature of the the following petition, resolution, and me­ A joint resolution of. the Legislature of the State of Idaho;, to the Committee on Foreign morial. to wit: State of Idaho; to the Committee on the Judiciary: Relations: "Whereas there are located in several "Senate Joint Memorial 3 counties in the State of Idaho Indian reserva..! "House Joint Memorial 2 "To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep­ tions, which largely consist of nontaxable "To the Honorable Senate and House of Rep­ federally owned property; and resentatives of the United States in Con­ resentatives of These United States of "Whereas in these several counties in the gress assembled: America in Congress Assembled: State of Idaho the' public-school systems are "We, your memorialists, the Legislature o! "We, your memorialists, the Senate and presently educating said Indian children at a the State of Idaho, as assembled in its House of Representatives of the State of cost and expense to the local taxpayers in thirty-first session, do respectfully repre­ Idaho, in legislative session duly and regu­ said school districts in excess of the funds sent that larly assembled, most respectfully present provided for this purpose by the Federal "Whereas there is in the State o! Idaho an the following petition, resolution and Government; and · extensive wool-growing industry; and memorial, to wit: "Whereas the attendance of these Indian "Whereas the Senate and House of Repre­ "Whereas the present world situation in­ students has caused. and is causing, an over- sentatives of the United States in Congress sofar as it affects tj:le peace and, welfare of 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1637 these, United States of America is at one of "Resolved, That copies of this resolution A joint resolution of the Legislature of the its most critical and uncertain stages; and properly authenticated, be transmitted by State of Minnesota; to the Committee on "Whereas the Pr.esident of these United the secretary of state to the Presiding Officer Interstate and Foreign Commerce: States of Ame~ica contemplates sending of each House of Congress, to the Sec­ "Joint resolution by the Legislature of the greater numbers of our ground troops to retary of Agriculture of the United States, State of Minnesota in regular session as­ foreign count ries in order to protect said and to the members of the North Dakota sembled assenting to the provisions of the countries against invasion by aggressor na­ delegation in Congress. Dingell-Johnson Act "LEO STICKA, tions; and "Whereas the Congress of the United "Whereas we, your memorialists, . believe "Speaker of the House. "KENNETH L. MORGAN, States has enacted an act commonly known that ground troops of the United States as the Dingell-Johnson Act, which is entitled shollld not be sent to any foreign country "Chief Clerk of the House. "RAY SCHNELL, •An act to provide that the United States for such purpose by the President of these shall aid the Stat~s in fish restoration and United States, without first having obtairted "President of the Senate. "W. J. TROUT, management projects, and for otl;ler pur­ the advice and consent of the Congress of poses,' having approval August 9, 1950; and these Unite;( States: Now, therefore, be it "Secretary of the Senate." A joint resolution of the Legislature of "Whereas, under the statutes of the State "Resolved by the Senate of the State of of Minnesota, all moneys accruing to the Idaho (the House of Representatives con­ the State of Tennes.see; to the Committee on the Judiciary: State of Minn«;!sota from license fees paid by curri ng), That we most respectfully urge fishermen and all moneys paid into the Congress of these United States to take such "House Joint Resolution 17 State treasury through the game and fish action as m ay be. necessary and expedient to "Joint resqlution ratifying the proposed division, including the income from the sale prev ~ -it the sending of the gro~nd troops of amendment to the Constitution of the of confiscated game and fish and parts there­ these United States of America to foreign United States and known as the twe:p.ty­ of, and from all other sources, are appropri- . countries by the Preside".lt of these Unit.ed second amendment to the Constitution of ated for the maintenance and conduct of the States without first obtaining the- advice the United· States relating to the terms-of- ·activities of the director of the division of and consent of the Congress of these United the office of the President · ·game and fish; and , States in the absence of a declaration of war ' "Whereas the House of Representatives on "Whereas the purpose of the act is to fur­ by the Congress; be it further February 6, 1947, and the United States nish funds to aid in fish-restoration projects "Resolved, That the secretary of state of ·Senate on March 12, 1947, both by the consti­ and fish-management projects of the State the Hate of Idaho be authorized, and he is -tuticmal twu-thirds. thereef passed a pro­ of Minneso.ta; and hereby directed, to immt:diately forward posed constitutional amendment - to be "Whereas the State of Minnesota in ord.er copies of this memorial to the s~nate and ·k-nown. as the twenty-second amendment to to avail ttselLof its proportion of the fund the H-0u seof Representatives of these United made available under said act desires to as­ States of America and to the SenatOFS and .the Constitution;- and.. · .. ":Whereas said proposed amendment was 'sent to the provisions of the act: Now, there­ Representatives in Congress from.. tha State fore, be it of Idaho. sub:qiitted to the States for ratification upon March 26, 1947, and said proposed amendment "Resolved by the Legislature of the State "This senate joint memorial passed . the of Minn-esota in- regular session assembled-; senate on the 15th day of February 1951. ·to the Constitution of the United States. of ·That the State of Minn.esota assent to the w "EDSON H. DEAL, America, is in the following .words,. to wit.: provisions of the said Dingell-Johnson Act "President of the Senate. " 'SECTION 1. No person shall be elected to and such assent is hereby given, and that "This senate joint memorial passed· the the office of the President more than twice, the secretary of state is hereby directed to house of representatives on the 8th day of and no· person who has held the offtce of send certified copies of this resolution to the February .1951. President, or acted as President, for more President of the Senate of the United States . "\V. L. MILLS, than 2 years of a term to which some other and the Speaker of the House of ·Representa­ "Speaker of the House-of Representatives." person was elected President shall be elected tives of the United States, and two copies to A concurrent resolution of the Legisla­ to the offtce of President more than once. the Secretary of the Interior,_Oscar L. Chap­ ture of the State of North Dakota; to the But this article shall not apply to any per­ man, and one copy to the Offtce of the Committee on Agr.iculture and Forestry: son holding the office of President when this Regional Director of the Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of Inte­ "House Concurrent Resolution N article was proposed by the Congress and rior, Minneapolis, Minn. "Concurrent resolution to memorialize Con­ shall not prevent any person who may be "JOHN A. HARTLE, gress and the Secretary of· Agricultui:e of holding. the office of President,. or acting. as "Speaker of the House of Representatives. the United States to establish a stabilized President, during the term within which "C. ELMER ANDERSON , premium on the protein content of hard this article becomes operative from holding "President of the Senate. spring wheat the office of President or acting as Presi­ "Passed the house of representatives the "Whereas North Dakota . is one of the dent during the remainder of such term. 26th day of January 1951. major producers of hard spring wheat in "'SEC. 2. This article shall be inoperative "G. H. LEAHY, the Nation; and unless it shall have been ratified as an "Chief Clerk, House of Representatives. "Whereas hard spring wheat has a high amendment to the Constitution by the leg­ "Passed the senate, the 9th day of February protein content entitling such wheat to. a islatures of three-fourths of the several i951. ·premium price; and "H. Y. TORREY, States within 7 years from the date of its "Secretary of the Senate. "Whereas such premium is highest in the submission to the States by the Congress.': fall immediately after .harvest and is grad­ "Approved February 16, 1951. Be it "LUTHER YOUNGDAHL, ually dropped in the following months in "Resolved by the House of Representatives direct proportion to the general rise in the . "Governor of the State of Minnesota." of the State of Tennessee (the Senate con­ price of wheat; and A joint resolution of the Legislature of "Whereas there is no loss of protein which curring), That the proposed amendment No. 22 to the Constitution of the United States of the State of New Mexico, relating to exten­ would justify the dropping of the premium sion of filing date for payment of prisoner­ price on such protein; and America be and tbe same is hereby ratified of-war claims; to the Committee on the "Whereas North Dfl,kota farmers are being by the Legislature of the State of Tennessee; Judiciary. discriminated against by such practices and be it further (See joint resolution printed in full when are losing the benefit of the high protei_n "Resolved, That certified copies of the fore­ presented today by Mr. CHAVEZ.) content of their wheat: Now, therefore, be it going preamble and resolution be immedi­ A con'!urrent resolution of the Legislature "Resolved by the House of Representatives ately forwarded by the secretary of state of of the State of South Dakota, relating to of the State of North Dakota (the Senate Tennessee under the great seal to the Presi­ military service of all qualified citizens with­ concurring therein), That we do hereby dent of the United States, the President of out regard for race, creed, or color; to the memorialize and petition the Congress and the Senate of the United States, and the Committee on Armed Services. the Secretary of .Agriculture of the United Speaker of the House of Representatives of (See concurrent resolution printed in .full States to establish a loan value on the pro­ the United States. when presented by Mr. MUNDT on February tein content of hard spring wheat. When "Adopted February 20, 1951. 17, 1951, p. 1554, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.) protein content and the price thereof are "McALLEN FOUTCH, A concurrent resolution of the Legislature established they shall remain stable for the current year, in order that the farmers of "Speaker of the House of the State of South Dakota, relating to the North Dakota may enjoy a stabilized pre­ of Representatives. pooling of all income from royalties from mium to which they are entitled; be it "WALTER M. HAYNES, gas and oil and other mineral leases and the furt her "Speaker of the Senate." apportionment of same to common schools; CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28

to the Committee on Interior and Insular to approve, if passed, legislation which would I hereby certify thait the above is a true Affairs. incorporate the principle of reinsurance as a copy of a-resolution adopted by the board of (See concurrent resolution printed in full means of enabling the Federal Government directors of National Life Insurance Co. at a when presented by Mr. MUNDT on February to assume its responsibility in financing in meeting held at the home office in Mont.. 27, 1951, pp. 1554-1555, CONGRESSIONAL REC• part the unemployment compensation pro­ pelier, Vt., on Tuesday, January 30, 1951. ORD.) gram and thereby equalizing the tax burden A. J. BLACKMORE, Secretary. among the States; and be it further A resolution adopted by the City Council INCREASED TAxATION AND REDUCTION of Youngstown, Ohio, relating to Federal "Resolved, That duly certified copies of taxation of municipal securities; to the Com­ this resolution be transmitted forthwith by . OF EXPENDITURES-RESOLUTION OF mittee on Finance. the Secretary of State to the President of CITY COUNCIL OF LAKEWOOD, OHIO A letter in the nature of a petition from the United States and to each of the Senators Mr. BRICKER. Mr. President, I pre- _the Liberal Party of New York State, New and Representatives from Rhode Island in sent for appropriate reference and print­ York, N. Y., favoring the enactment of legis­ the Congress of the United States, earnestly lation to provide for the shipment of 2,000,- requesting the latter to use their· efforts to ing in the RECORD a resolution adopted by 000 tons of grain to India; to the Committee be certain that legislation ls enacted which the city council of Lakewood, Ohio, in on Foreign Relations. would carry out the purposes of this resolu­ regard to the proposed increase in taxes A resolution adopted by the City Council tion." and a reduction of nonmilitary expendi­ of Los Angeles, Calif., protesting against the INFLATION-RESOLUTION OF BOARD OF tures. enactment of Senate Joint Resolution 20 and . There being no _objection, the resolu­ House Joint Resolution 131, to provide for DIRECTORS OF NATIONAL LIFE INSUR­ the continuation of operations under certain ANCE CO., MONTPELIER, VT. tion was referred to the Committee on mineral leases issued by the respective States Appropriations and ordered to be printed Mr. FLANDERS. Mr. President, I in the RECORD, as follows: covering submerged lands on the Continental present for appropriate reference a reso­ Shelf, ~o encourage the continued develop­ lution adopted by the board of directors Resolution 3473 ment of such leases, to provide for the pro­ Resolution urging the Senate and House of tectiorl of the interests of the United Stat es of the National Life Insurance Co., of Montpelier, Vt., at a meeting held on Representatives of the United States in in the oil and gas deposits of said lands, and their consideration of the proposed' in­ for other purposes; to the Committee on In­ January 30, 1951, relating to inflation, crease in taxes, to require nonmilitary ex­ terior and Insular Affairs. and I ask unanimous consent that it be penditures to be reduced to the end that A resolution adopted by the Ministerial printed in the RECORD. all nonessential Government services shall Association of Waterloo, Iowa, relating to There being no objection, the resolu- . be eliminated the action of the Eighty-first Congress as to the observance of Christmas Sunday, Decem­ . tion was referred to the Committee on Whereas in the opinion of this council, ber 24, as · a special day of prayer for world Bg,nking and Currency, and ordered to .numerous activities are engaged in by the peace; to the Committee on the Judiciary. be printed in the RECORD, as fallows: Federal Government and its agencies which A resolution adopted by the Women of the are not required in the public interest, and RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE BOARD OF DIREC• that tax money now used for such purposes Church, Trinity Lutheran Evangelical TORS OF NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE CO. AT A Church, Danville, Pa., protesting against the should be diverted to defense and other MEETING HELD ON JANUARY 30, 1951 essential services: Now, therefore, be it enactment of le->;islation providing compul­ "Be it resolved, That t h e directors of the sory health inn::·a!:ce; to the Committee on Resolved by the Council of the City of National Life Insurance Co., charged with Lakewood, State of Ohio: Labor and Public Welfare. the administration of the funds of more than The memorial of Leone Pecoraro, of New SECTION 1. That the Senate and House of 200,000 policyholders located in every State Representatives of the United States are York, N. Y., att-J:·ney for Plymouth Brethren of the Union, view with grave concern the IV, a religi01.•s society, remonstrating against hereby urged in their consideration of the operation of inflationary forces and the proposed increase in taxes, to require non­ the enactment of legislation requiring all .threat of further loss of purchasing power of employees to bacome members of laoor mil1tary expenditures to be reduced to the the dollar. Inflation deprives the thrifty of end that all nonessential Government serv· unions; to the Committee on Labor and just rewards for their prudence and effort, Public Welfare. ices shall be eliminated. .stifles initiative, imposes a hidden capital SEC. 2. That the clerk of this council is By Mr. GREEN: levy, and threatens to destroy the American hereby directed to send a certified copy of A resolution of the General Assembly of system and heritage which have produced this resolution to the Senate and House of the State of Rhode Island; to the Committee the highest standard of living the world has Representatives, and to each member thereof on Finance: ever known. We most respectfully urge you representing the State of Ohio. "Resolution memorializing Congress with re­ in behalf of this company's policyholders SEC. 3. That this resolution shall take effect lation to enactment of legislation to in­ and their beneficiaries, to take cognizance of and be in force at the earliest period allowed corporate the principle of reinsurance as a the gravity of the situation without further by law. means of enabling the Federal Government delay and to initiate effective measures, such to assume its responsibilities in financing as further credit control, the· elimination of FEDERAL TAXATION OF MUNICIPAL the unemployment compensation program unnecessary Federal spending, and review of SECURITIES-RESOLUTION OF CITY and thereby equalizing the tax burden _the Federal tax program in order to deprive COUNCIL OF TOLEDO, OHIO among the States inflationary forces of their potential before further harm is done to the Nation's people; Mr~ BRICKER. Mr. President, I pre­ "Whereas Rhode Island has few natural and be it further sent for appropriate reference resolution resources and is dependent on light manu­ "Resolved, That the secretary of the com­ facturing industries; and No. 40-51 adopted by the Council of pany be directed to send certified copies of the City of Toledo, Ohio, protesting the "Whereas the economy of Rhode Island and this resolution to President Harry s. Tru­ that of other industrialized States depends man; Secretary of the Treasury John w. enactment by Congress of any taxation largely upon a demand for our manufactured Snyder; Director of Defense Mobilization by the Federal Government on municipal products which is far beyond a State's border Charles E. Wilson; Economic Stabilization to contain and far beyond a State's power to securities and declaring the situation to Director Eric Johnston; Chairman of the ·be an emergency one. I ask unanimous control; and Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve "Whereas the effects of unemployment fall System Thomas B. McCabe; Senators George consent that the resolution be printed unevenly upon the highly industrialized D. Aiken and Ralph E. Flanders, of Vermont; in the RECORD. States, of which Rhode Island is one; and Senator Kenneth McKellar, chairman of the There being no objection, the resolu­ "Whereas this results in a severe drain on the Rhode Island unemployment compensa­ Senate Appropriations Committee; Senator tion was referred to the Committee on tion fund, placing this State in an unfavor­ Burnet R. Maybank, chairman of the Senate Finance, and ordered to be printed in Committee on Banking and Currency; Sen­ able, competitive position with other States ator Walter F. George, chairman of the the RECORD, as fallows: not so severely affected; and Resolution 40-51 "Whereas President Harry S. Truman has Senate Finance Committee; Representative proposed that the Federal Government as­ Winston L. Prouty; Representative Clarence Resolution protesting the enactment by Con­ sume its responsibilities with reference Cannon, chairman of the House Committee gress of any taxation by the Federal Gov­ thereto: Now, therefore, be it on Appropriations; Representative Brent ernment on municipal securities and de­ "Resolved, That the General Assembly of Spence, chairman of the House Committee claring an emergency the State of Rhode Island and Providence on ,Banking and Currency; Representative Whereas the taxation of municipal securi­ Plantations hereby memorializes and peti­ R. L. Doughton, chairman of the House com­ ties by the Congress of the United States tions t he Congress of the United States to mittee on Ways and Means; and Lee E. would work an undue hardship on Ohio pass, and the President of the United States Emerson, Governor of the State of Vermont." municipalities; and 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1639

Whereas the revenue to be obtained from PERSONNEL PRACTICES~STATEMENTS ice consistent with his vocational choice and such taxation would be .more than offset by OF COUNCIL FOR GUIDANCE AND the long-range needs of the civilian economy. the increased rate of interest which munici­ PERSONNEL ASSOCIATIONS III. Development of a basic syEtem for re­ palities would be compelled to pay on all cording and transmitting information to bond issues: Now, therefore, be it Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, the military or other manpower allocation agen­ Resolved by the Council of the City of Council for Guidance and Personnel As­ cies and which, once presented, would there­ Toledo: . sociations representing, I am told, all of after be available for use in personnel SECTION 1. That the Council Of the City of the professional personnel associations assignment. Toledo hereby protests and opposes the sug­ in the United States, has adopted a state­ IV. Presentation and interpretation to gested taxation of municipal securities by ment of principles regarding desirable the public, and particular to nonmiiltary the Congres~ of the United States. personnel practices in the present emer­ guidance and personnel workers, of infor­ SEC. 2. That the clerk of council is hereby mation as to defense manpower require­ authorized to forward a certified copy of this gency. Their concern for the effective ments and opportunities and as to personnel resolution to Senators BRICKER and TAFT, of utilization of our manpower, I believe, systems and practices used by the military. Ohio, to FRAZIER REAMS, Member of the House is deserving of consideration by the Sen­ V. Availability of effective guidance and of Representatives of this district, and to ate and by those Government agencies personnel services within the military serv­ THOMAS A. JENKINS, Ohio member of the responsible for manpower utilization. I ices and in civilian manpower agencies in Ways and Means Committee of the House of therefore ask unanimous consent to have order to meet the continuing needs of indi­ Representatives of the United States. viduals for assistance in vocational choice ·sEc. 3. This resolution is hereby declared a statement by the council, dated Janu­ ary 26, 1951, and another dated February and job adjustment and to promote the to be an emergency measure and shall take Nation's needs for the most efficient utiliza­ effect and be in force from and after its 12, 1951, incorporated in the RECORD tion of manpower. adoption. The reason for the emergency lies at this point and appropriately referred. VI. Provision for a wise and proper use of in the fact that the immediate enactment of I also ask unanimous consent that a list the present supply of guidance and personnel this resolution is necessary in the public of the representative organizations of the workers and for training an .adequate supply interest. council be printed in the RECORD. of pJrsons to meet future needs. REDUCTION OF NONDEFENSE EXPENDI­ There being no objection, the state­ VII. Provision, as new types of work evolve TURES-RESOLUTION OF WISCONSIN ments were referred to the Committee and the employment situation changes, for SEED DEAL.rl!RS ASSOCIATION· on Armed Services and ordered to be increasing emphasis on research in the field of job analysis, employment testing, apti­ Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, I have re­ printed in the RECORD, as follows: tude and interest analysis, and interviewing ceived from J. W:-Jung, secretary, a reso­ RECOMMENDED PRINCIPLES FOR EFFECTIVE techniques. lution adopted at the annual convention UTILIZATION OF MANPOWER VIII. Development of an over-all approach of the Wisconsitl! ~eed Dealers Associa­ The Council of Guidance and Personnel to the utilization of women in both civilian tion ori Februar..f, 5. This resolution ex­ .Associations represents constituent organ­ and military positions which takes into ac­ presses the stro~ judgment of that as­ izations which have a membership in excess count the importance to women of morale sociation in op:i)6Sition to what it feels of 170,000 members, who in turn serve sev­ factors, consideration of previous · training, eral million clients each year !. n the fields of and the v~lue of the work they are asked to to be spendthriftPPolicies adopted by the vocational guidance~ student personnel work undertake. present admini~atio:.1. I ask unani­ in the schools and . colleges, industrial per­ Many guidance and personnel workers were mous consent that the resolution be sonnel work and counseling services in many employed as officers and enlisted men in the printed in the RECORD and appropriately private agencies. The council believes that military services during World War II, while referred. I, for one, pledge my continued its membership and that of related organ­ others worked in industry and civilian man­ efforts along t~w line of seeking genuine izations has a vital contribution to make in power agencies. As a group, they feel that Federal economy, which means a squeez­ the planning and operation of the defense much progress has been made during and manpower program. During the past 50 after the war in introducing some of the ing of the water out of the President's years, guidance and personnel workers have above principles into military and civilian bloated $71,600,000,00'l budget. developed a body of knowledge and practice manpower programs. However, they detected There being no objection, the resolu­ which has direct and profound significance many basic weaknesses in manpower opera­ tion was referred to the Committee on in the development and utilization of tions during World War II which can be Appropriations, and ordered to be print­ human resources. The essential contribu­ avoided now by closer adherence to the ed in the RECORD .. as follows: tion of guidance and personnel workers is above-stated principles. They further be­ their recognition of the fact that individuals lieve that both military and civilian man­ Whereas the Federal budget submitted by vary widely in interests, aptitudes, and per­ power officials might benefit from the advice President Truman for the 1951-52 fiscal year sonal traits, that these differences must be and assistance available from individuals totals a mammoth $71,600,000,000, exceeded understood in choosing and preparing for and groups within the Council of Guidance only in 2 years of ,.Vorld War II; and work, and that the needs of the individual and Personnel Associations, its constituent Whereas Wisconsin's share of the cost of and the Nation will be better served if these bodies and related organizations. this budget will be almost $1,500,000,000, facts are ·taken into account in all phases We are, therefore, taking this opportunity which is approximately equal to one-third of of the personnel assignment and adjust­ all of the income earned by Wisconsin citi­ to acquaint you and others in responsible ment process. Guidance and personnel positions with our interest in defense man­ zens in 1949 in the forrri of wages, salaries, workers are firm in their conviction that the interest, dividends, rent, and business and power policy and operation. We stand ready / proper selection of men, both for military to offer whatever practical assistance and farm withdrawals; and and industrial purposes, the placement of Whereas President Truman previously advice may be desired in seeing to it that these men in appropriate jobs, and their our human resources are used wisely and in promised the utmost in economy in ordinary maximum productivity are . dependent upon Government spending; and . accordance with their maximum skills and the extent to which sound personnel tech- potentialities. Whereas the budget includes many of the niques are used. · pet political spending programs hitherto The authorities tell us that the impact of advocated by President Truman, such as COUNCIL OF GUIDANCE AND PERSONNEL Asso­ our defense mobilization may be expected to CIATIONS-RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CARRYING Federal aid to education, public power proj­ continue throughout this generation. In ects, the Brannan plan; and OUT PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF view of the long-range planning which the MANPOWER 'Whereas many types of unnecessary ex­ situation demands, guidance and personnel . penditures are now included in the budget workers strongly recommend that the fol­ Manpower is conceded to be our scarcest under the guise of "defense spending": Now, lowing set of basic principles. be adopted and resource in this period of defense mobiliza­ therefore, be it tion. Proper development and use of man­ ~dhered to in military and civilian man­ Resolved, That the Wisconsin Seed Dealers power programs: power is therefore a cardinal point in mo­ P..ssociation hereby express their opposition bilization planning. Sound principles and to President Truman's unrealistic budget and I. Emphasis in personnel assignment on practices of personnel utilization developed demand congressional action to slash out of individual capabilities, needs, and limita­ in recent decades have a significant part to it all proposed spending not directly neces­ tions -and on personal choice, in the degree play in any well-conceived manpower mo­ sary to national defense and preparedness; compatible with the Nation's economic and bilization program. The following statement and be it further military requirements. · is therefore presented to indicate specifically Resolved, That copies of this resolution be II. Opportunity, within practical limits, the ways in which personnel and guidance forwarded to each Wisconsin Congressman for continuity of vocational planning and services may be coordinated and used in the and Senator. training for the individual in national serv- best interests of the Nation. 1640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 To the best of our existing knowledge, per­ objectives and plans for each individual, as for his courageous action in setting up sonnel and guidance services, including psy­ well as progress made toward the objective, agencies that will head the full mobiliza­ chological tests, have been generally accepted should be included. tion of our country, which appeared in and may be used at the following points in 5. The transmission of the basic record at our educational, civilian, and military per­ each subsequent point where personnel and the February 1951 issue of the Typo­ sonnel systems: guidance services µiight be provided-from graphical ·Journal. 1. In secondary schools for purposes of secondary school to college or employment There being no objection, the resolu­ educational and vocational guidance; for office or military services, etc.-and the in­ tion was ordered to be printed in the allocation of youth and adults to various clusion of additional information in the RECORD, as follows: types of defense training courses; and, pos­ record at each successive point in the sibly (dependent upon final UMS provisions) process. . RESOLUTION BY .- NEW ~ORK TY·POGRAPHICAL UNION, LOCAL No. 6 for purposes of selecting. those people who 6. The use of qualified personnel, trained in terms of national defense should continue 1n the use of the information on the basic Whereas communism, with all evils it em­ their education. personnel record and particularly in inter­ bodies, today threatens to engulf the free 2. In the colleges and universities for pur­ pretive counseling techniques ~nd methods, peoples of the world; and poses of educational and vocational ~idance, such qualified personnel to be available at Whereas since the Communist North Ko­ and, possibly (dependent upon final UMS the transition points indicated in item 5. rean and Chinese aggression in Korea, the provisions) for purpose of selecting those This proposal b.as the following specific United Nations are fully aware of the dan­ people who in terms of national defense advantages over presently discernible plan­ gers of a third world war; and should continue their education. . ning or policy in connection with manpower Whereas while the peoples of the world 3. In the public employment service to as­ development, allocation, and utilization: . had been lulled into apathy by Communist sist individual applicants in choosing a voca­ 1. Duplication of effort at each of the peace propaganda, they are now .fu.lly aware tion and in placement on defense training, seven possible points of personnel screen­ of the trickery and deceit practiced by the or specific jobs. ing would be mi:riimized. leaders of Soviet Russia, whose world~coa­ 4. In the spedal recruitment drives of the 2. Valuable information developed about quering ambitions can . only be met with various branches of the armed services to the individual at each significant level in truth, courage, and force; and determine mental fitness for voluntary en­ his educational and vocational development Whereas President Truman has proclaimed listment, and to determine specific &kills would be made available to personnel work­ a state of national emergency and has ca1led necessary in the various services. ers at each successive stage, thus insuring upon every American to do his share to save 5. In the Department of Defense Joint In­ continuity of process and more efficient per­ the country we love from ·attack by the duction Centers to determine mental fitness sonnel utilization. enemies of freedom: Therefore be it for the draft and to assist in the allocation 3. Confusion to the individual resulting Resolved, That this '!.I).ion commend the of men to the various services of the Armed from uncoordinated and diffuse methods and President for his couragwus action in set­ Forces in accordance with their respective procedures would be reduced substantially. ting up agencies that ~ill head ~he full needs for men of certain levels of mental 4. The total operating cost of the various mobilization of our cgl!lltry; and be it capacity. phases of an over-all manpower program 6. In the individual services of the Armed further ., 'B~ could be reduced trtaterially. Resolved, That it is oµr fervent hope and Forces to assist in the allocation of men to 5. Valuable time could be saved, particu­ various types of specialized training and duty. prayer that all labor willcJ.<>in together in an larly in the personnel testing, interviewing, uninterrupted partnership for the defense of 7. In defense industries for purposes of classification, and distribution activities of allocation to specific jobs. everything the free peoples of the world hold the Armed Forces. dear;. and be it further In the interests of efficient development 6. The chances for purposeful vocational and utilization of our human resources, Resolved, That copies of this resolution 'Pe choice and preparation early in the educa­ sent to President Truman, Senators IVES and these services should be coordinated in such tional life of each individual, and consistent a way as to minimize dupilcation of effort LEHMAN of New York, and that copies be . with the Nation's needs, would be enhanced. · printed in the Typographical Journal. and confusion to the individual. Also, there 7. Substantial sums of money now being must be proper use of the limited supply of spent on test construction could be con­ REPORT OF A COMMITTEE personnel and guidance workers. To achieve centrated instead on the urgent need for The following report of a · committee these objectives in accordance with sound information concerning the relationships principles of personnel and guidance ad­ between test performance and job perform­ was submitted: ministration, the following basic elements ance on a wide variety of occupations and By Mr. McFARLAND, from the Committee should be included in an over-all manpower courses of training, both civilian and on Interst ate and Foreign Commerce:- development, allocation, and utilization pro- military. H. R. 1730. A bill to amend section 4 (g) gram: . 8. Testing would no longer be an end in 1. A common core test battery with the of the C..immui::.ications Act of 19a4 to per­ itself, but would become an integral part mit the Federal 0ommunications Commis­ widest possible range of aptitudinal cover".' of the over-all manpower program (avoiding, age and validity for use in determining voca­ sion to make expenditure_s for land for radio for example, personnel assignments on the monitoring stations, and for other purposes; tional and educational objectives consistent basis of a single test and single cut-off score). with the Nation's manpower requirements. with amendments (Rept. ! ~o. 142). Such a differential battery of apt itude tests The list of representative organiza.. SECOND INTERIM REPORT OF SPECIAL would not preclude the use of other instru.­ tions of the council presented by Mr. COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ORGAN­ ments to measure other characteristics of HUMPHREY was ordered to be printed in IZED CRIME IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE the individual such as interest, specialized abilities, proficiency, achievement, or per­ the RECORD, as follows: (REPT. NO. 141) sonality. However, the core battery should REPRESENTATIVE ORGANIZATIONS OF COUNCIL Mr. O'CONOR. Mr. President, on be­ be considered as a required part of any test­ OF GUIDANCE AND PERSONNEL ASSOCIATIONS, INC. half of the Sena,Jor from Tennessee [Mr. ing program in the organizat,ions and in­ KEFAUVER], from the Special Committee stitutions mentioned above. Alliance ~r Guidance of Rural Youth; 2. The administration and interpretation Altrusa International, Inc.; American Col­ .To Investigate Organized Crime in In­ of this common core test battery at the lege Personnel Association; Eastern College terstate Commerce, I submit a report on earliest practicable time. This would facili­ Personnel Officers; National Association of its findings and recommendations. tate educational and vocational.planning at Deans of Women; National Association of This is an interim report required by a level in the growth and d~velopment of Guidance Supervisors; National Federation the individual where it would be possible of Business and Professional Women's Clubs, the terms of Senate Resolution 202, of to get the maximum possible benefit out Inc.; National Vocational Guidance Associa­ the Eighty-first Congress, which stipu­ of secondary and higher educational oppor­ tion; Personnel Section, American Associa­ lated that such a report should be filed tunities (such a level might be in the second tion of Colleges for Teacher Education: on or before today, February 28. or third year of high school) . Western Personnel Institute. Additional information will be sub­ 3. Counseling services to interpret to the individual the testing dat a, other person­ MOBILIZATION-RESOLUTION OF LOCAL mitted to the Senate before ~he termina .. nel data and the procedures concerned. NO. 6, TYPOGRAPfilCAL UNlON OF tion date, March 31 next, with l.1lore spe .. 4. The initiation and maintenance of a. ·•t NEW YORK cific recommendations as to legislation, basic personnel record containing the pro­ following the public hearings now being file of individual test scores and all other ..t- • Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. President, I ask data pertinent to the individual's vocational unanimous consent to have printed in held in California and to be held in New choice and preparation. Evidence of in­ the RECORD, a resolution adopted by York. terest, school achievement and work experi­ .Local No. 6, Typographical Union of The VICE PRESIDENT. The report ence, along with statements of vocational New York, commending the President will be received and printec4. 1951 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-' SENATE 1641 TEMPORARY PERSONNEL FOR COMMIT­ limitations it would close 321 of its field January· 1951 to June 30, 1952. However, TEE ON LABOR ANI:' PUBLIC WELFARE contact offices on April 1, 1951. Since this after due consideration was given to the announcement appeared in the press Mem­ workload, the Bureau of the Budget reduced Mr. HAYDEN. Mr. President, from bers of the Senate have received a large the estimates so that an average employ­ the Committee on Rules and Administra­ number of complaints and inquiries as to the ment of 2,544 would be possible in 1952. This tion I report favorably, with amend­ justification for this action. Because of the reduction cut deeper into the future plans ments, Senate Resolu~ion 71, reported interest shown in this matter and its effect of the Veterans' Administration than the from the Ccmmittee on Labor and Public on the welfare of veterans, the staff of the Veterans; Administration had proposed, so Welfare by Mr. MunRAY on February 8, Committee on Expenditures in the Executive that instead of liquidating these 215 on a 1951 and I submit a report (No. 140) Departments was instructed to find out what graduated basis, the Veterans' Administra­ services are performed by these offices, the tion decided to close 321 offices, not in 1952, thereon. I ask unanimous consent for annual cost thereof, the number of employ­ but on April 1, 1951. the immediate consideration of the res­ ees involved, why such drastic action was to It is understood that, when the Veterans' olution. be taken at this time, and its effect on serv­ Administration originally proposed to close The •.TICE PRES!Dl!]N'f. Is there ob­ ices to veterans. 215 field offices, it was predicated on a work­ je1,..tion? This investigation reveals that on Decem­ load formula of 300 personal contacts per 'lh ere -being no objection, the Senate ber 31, 1950, the Veterans' Administration month for each office, and as the volume of proceeded to consider the resolution. had 678 contact offices, with 3,113 employees. work fell down to this figure or below, ac­ These offices were urgently needed at the tion would be taken to close these offices The amendments of the Comm.i.ttee close of World War II, and performed a on Rules and Administration were, in reporting less than the minimum contacts. worth-while serv:ice of advising and assisting It is further reported that when the Vet­ line 3, after "O) ", to insert "(1) ", and veterans in such matters as education, re­ erans' Administration released its press re­ in line 7, after the word "period", to habilitation, medical care, and other related port it was believed that unless 321 offices stril{e out "ending · on January l," and services and benefits authorized by law. It were closed that agency would incur a deficit ins~rt "from February 1, 1951, through is reported that these field offices performed of over $1,000,000. Reliable information has necessary services to veterans which other­ J a~'luary 31,". been developed by the staff that if those wise would have been rendered by the re­ offices were closed as contemplated, a sur­ The amendments were agreed to. gional or central office, or would not have J. he resolution as amendeci was agreed plus of almost $1,000,000 would accrue by been performed. The very existence of these the end of the fiscal year 1952. On Febru­ to, as follows: offices facilitated orderly process of applica­ ary 26, the staff was advised that meetings R esolved, That in holding hearings, re­ tions and saved veterans time and money by and conferences were held over the week end port ing such hearings, and making investiga­ enabling them to obtain accurate informa­ which indicate that all of these offices will tions as authorized by subsection (1) (1) of tion in the · local communities throughout not be closed as originally proposed. The rule XXV of the Standing Rules of the the United States. An examination of the facts herein presented indicate that there Sen ate, or by sections 134 (a) and 136 of the services performed· by these offices shows that can be no doubt that a minimum of 100 of Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, the the workload has diminished each month, the offices can and should be closed, but that Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, or during the past 5 years, ex ept for a 2-month it would work a real hardship on the vet­ any duly authoriZed subcommittee thereof, period in .1949 when the Administration an­ erans if 321 offices are liquidated at this is authorized durihg the period from Febru­ nounced the declaration of a dividend on time. ary 1, 1951, through January 31, 1952, to make national service life insurance policies. The Appended to this report is a copy of the such expenditures, and to employ upon a reason for this decrease in workload is be­ press release dated January 30, 1951 (ap­ temporary basis such professional, admin­ cause most of the World War II veterans have ,pendix A), which contains a list of the istrative, and clerical personnel as it deems been rehabilitated or have already availed offices to be closed in each State, and a re­ advisable. themselves of the privileges or benefits au­ port (appendix B) showing the workload EEC. 2. The expenses of the committee thorized by law. of all of the field offices, by month, during under this resolution, which shall not ex­ Appended hereto is a copy of a detailed the last half of the past 3 years, together ceed $125,870, shall be paid from the con­ workload report (appendix B) showing the with a !eport (appendix C) showing the tingent fund of the Senate upon vouchers number of items handled by the field con­ number of employees in contact offices pro­ approved by the chairman of the commit­ tact offices of the Veterans' Administration posed to be closed, cost of maintaining each tee. during the last half of each of the last 3 field office during the past year, average years. This report shows that during the monthly workload by office, and those offices CLOSING OF VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION period July 1 to December 31, 1950, the which will remain open in each State after FIELD CONTACT OFFICES volume of work performed fell to the lowest April 1, 1951, if the 321 should be closed as Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, on point in 3 years. It is therefore obvious originally announced. The committee be­ · June 30 the Veterans' Administration an­ that some reduction in the staff and number lieves that these statistics will be of con­ of field offices should be made, since it is siderable interest to each Member of the nounced that because of budgetary limi­ clearly indicated that the workload does not Congress. tations it would close 321 of its field con­ justify continuation of all these field offices While this committee has been active in t:.ct offices on April 1, 1951. Following and their personnel. In December 1950 the every way possible to reduce Federal expendi­ tliat announcement, Members of the number of personal contacts handled by tures and shall continue to do so, there are Senate received complaints about the these offices fell to 589,000, which is the certain areas in which the Federal Govern­ proposed action, and many inquiries re­ lowest point in 3 years, or almost 50 percent ment has an obligation to perform services garding the necessity for it. In order less than the number of contacts handled as prescribed by law. This is particularly during December 1948. Practically all of the true in relation to veterans, and the facts that we might have information about it, other items listed on this work-measurement presented herein with reference to the con­ I had the sta:fI of the Committee on Ex­ report show similar reductions during De­ tact office services have been compiled and penditures in the Executive Departments cember 1950. submitted on the basis that this service is go into this matter and make a study An important factor which was tak.en into essential and nfJt one in which unwarranted of it. I had the sta:fI prepare a report, consideration by the Bureau of· the Budget cut-backs should be made until it is defi­ which I think will be of interest to all in reducing the Veterans' Administration nitely established that the facts so warrant. Members of the Congress. Therefore, I estimates for 1952 was that about 30 per­ Economy in Government shall continue. to cent of the total workload handled by the be one of th~ committ~e's primary objectives, ask unanimous consent that the report field offices stems from the Veterans' Admin­ but at the same time the Government should of the sta:fI of the Senate Committee on istration education and vocational training not break faith in its obligations to veterans Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ programs, under which approximately one by arbitrary and unreasonable discontinua­ ments relative to this matter, be printed . and one-half million students are now par­ tion of functions and services prescribed by in the RECORD. ticipating. Authority to obtain . education law. · There being no objection, the report and training benefits will expire on July 25, After fu'l consideration of the above facts, was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 1951, and the workload caused by this pro­ the staff is convinced that the press release as follows: gram will diminish further during the next issued by the Veterans' Administration on year. In fact, it has been estimated that January 30, 1951, announcing the elimina­ CLOSING OF VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION FIELD this program will be down to about 400,000 tion of the 321 contact offices, was ill-advised CONTACT OFFICES students by June 30, 1952. and unwarranted. The off..cials of the Vet­ Mr. McCLELLAN, from the Committee on Further studies of this program developed erans' A~miniistration who prepared this Expenditures in the Executive Departments, the fact that when the Veterans' Adminis­ release apparently withheld its issuance un­ submitted the following report: tration budget estimates were considered in til after the President submitted bis budget On January 30 the Veterans' Administra­ September 1950 the agency agreed to close to Congress, with the result that the public tion annou nced that because of budgetary 215 field contact offices during the period has been aroused ar ~ is now appealing to 1642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 the Congress and inquiring why this service "(1) the need for contact personnel in nell, Ithaca, Jamestown, Kingston, Middle­ to veterans is being so suddenly and dras­ relation to the anticipated volume of activi­ town, Ogdensburg, Olean, Newburgh, Oswego, tically curtailed. This action on the part ties in the major operating programs of the Peekskill, Plattsburg, Schenectady, St. George of the Veterans' Administration has caused VA; (2) the need for personnel at new hos­ (Staten Island), ·Watertown. the public to believe that Congress is not pitals; (3) the assumption that no 'one­ North Carolina: Durham, Elizabeth City, providing sufficient funds for maintaining man' VA offices will be maintained in fiscal Fayetteville, Gastonia, Goldsboro, Greens­ adequate services for veterans. year 1952, i. e., VA offices where one contact boro, Greenville, Hickory, New Bern, Raleigh, According to information available to the representative is assigned; and (4) the need Salisbury, Wilmiµgton. staff, the evidence indicates that this action for 'away from office' for persons geographi· North Dakota: Bemidji (Minn.), Bismarck, bf the Veterans' Administration definitely cally isolated from a contact location or who Grand Forks. • puts the Congress in the wrong light before. cannot visit an office because or medical or Ohio: Ashtabula, Athens, Cambridge, Ham­ the people. The drastic action proposed by physical incapacity, etc. Of the total of llton, Ironton, Lancaster, Lima, Lorain, the Veterans' Administration in its press re­ 2,544 employees, it 1s estimated that 550 will Mansfield, Marietta, Marion, New Philadel­ lease indicates an ap,arent lack of willing­ be assigned to hospitals. The 'away from phia, Newark, Sandusky, Steubenville, War­ ness 1.m the part of the Veterans' Adminis­ office service' must be expanded in fiscal year ren, Zanesville. tration to cooperate with the Congress in 1952 to provide contact service in selected Oklahoma: Ada, Ardmore, Bartlesville, seeing that the veterans are adequately pro­ communities 'in which VA offices are being Clinton, Enid, ,Hugo, Lawton, McAlester, vided for, and at the same time to maintain or will be closed." ~onca City, Shawnee, Woodward. standards of economy that are justified by The offices to be closed are loe&ted as Oregon: Baker, Corvallis, Eugene, Klamath the facts with respect to diminishing work­ follows: Falls, Medford, Pendleton, Salem. loads and other factors. Alabama: Anniston, Decatur, Dothan, Pennsylvania: Bradford, Du Bois, Easton, It is the conviction of the staff that the Florence, Gadsden. Greensburg, Kittanning, Meadville, New congress wants and intends to carry out the Arizona: Tucson, Yuma. Castle, Oil City; Pottstown, Uniontown, obligations this Government has assumed Arkansas: Batesville, Blytheville, El Do~ Upper Darby, Washington, Williamsport. with respect to veterans, but that, as the rado, Forest City, Fort Smith, Harrison, Rhode Island: Woonsocket. services and benefits provided and authorized Jonesboro, Pine Bluff, Texarkana. · South Carolina: Florence, Newberry, by law are concluded and as they diminish, California: Bakersfield, El Centro, Eureka, Orangeburg, Rock Hill. the cost of operating the Veterans' Adminis­ Las Vegas (Nevada), Richmond, San Luis South Dakota: Aberdeen, Rapid City. tration should decrease accordingly. That is Obispo, Santa Rosa, Vallejo. Tennessee: Jackson, Nashville, Oak R.idge. all the Congress asks of the ,Veterans' Ad· Colorado: Boulder, Fort Collins, Greeley, Texas: Brenham, Brownsville, Brownwood, ministration. It has a right to expect that, Trinidad. and the Veterans' Administration owes it to Childress, Cleburne, Corsicana, Del Rio, Connecticut: Middletown, Norwich, Stan- Denton, Greenville, Harlingen, Huntsville, the Congress and to the people to fully co­ ford. operate to the end that our veterans shall Longview, Lufkin, Mars~all, Mineral Wells, Delaware: None. Mount Pleasant, Odes a, Palestine, San be served and costs and expenses in the ad­ District of Columbia: None. ministration of veterans' laws be reduced as Angelo, Sherman, Tempe, Tyler, Victoria, Florida: Daytona Beach, Fort Lauderdale, Weslaco. they can be and w,bere the circumstances Port Pierce, Key West, Lakeland, Marianna, warrant such reduction. Utah: Ogden, Provo. , Panama City. Vermont: Montpelier, Turland. Georgia: Albany, Athens, Augusta, Bruns­ Virginia: Bristol, Charlottesville, Danville, APPENDIX A wick, Rome, Valdosta. Harrisonburg, Lynchburg, Newport News. VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION, Idaho: Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Falls, Lewis.­ Washington: Bellingham, Everett, Rich­ Washington, D. C., January 29, 1951. ton, Moscow, Pocatello, Twin Falls. land, Vs.ncouver, Wenatchee, Yakima. To Members of Congress: Illinois: Cairo, Centralia, Decatur, Gales· West Virginia~ None. Attached is an advance copy of a Veterans' burg, Moline, Olney, Quincy. Wisconsin: Ashland, Beloit, Oshkosh, Administration release which it is believed Indiana: Bloomington, Richmond. Racine. will be of interest to you. Iowa: Burlington, Cedar Rapids, Daven­ Wyoming: Casper. This information is presented in this form port, Dubuque, Fort Dodge, Iowa City, Ma· Alaska: None. because it affects constituents of so many son City, Ottumwa, Sioux City, Waterloo. Hawaii: Hilo, Wailuku. Members it is impossible to make individual Kansas: Hays, Hutchinson, Pittsburg, To­ Puerto Rico: Arecibo, Caguas, Cayey, issues. peka. Guayana, Humacao, Mayaguez, St. Thomas It is requested that the date set for public Kentucky: Ashland, Bowling Green, Cor• (Virgin Islands) • release of this information be observed so bin, Harlan, Hazard, Jackson, Madisonville, that all Members of the Congress may have Owensboro, Paducah, Pikeville, Somerset. an opportunity to receive the information Louisiana: Alexandria, Bastrop, Houma, APPENDIX B before it appears in the publ~c prints. Lake Charles, Natchitoches, Ruston. Comparative report of workload data, con­ Maine: Houlton, Lewiston, Sanford. tact service, 'by month during the last half INFORMATION SERVICE, VETERANS' Maryland: Annapolis, Cambridge, Fred­ of 1948, 1949, and 1950 ADMINISTRATION. erick, Hagerstown, Salisbury. [In thousands] VETERANS' ADMINISTRATION FUTURE RELEASE Massachusetts: Cambridge, Chelsea, Fitch­ Q) (Morning papers, Tuesday, January 30, 1951) burg, Greenfield, Haverhill, Holyoke, Law­ Personal <.> 'd l::l Q) "'~ Veterans' Administration announced to­ rence, Lynn, Malden, North Adams, Pitts­ contacts Q) 'd a [/J . 'd Q) 0. field, Quincy, Salem, Somerville. Q) l::l ... day that due to budgetary limitations in the ---- l::l 0 o3 I:: Q) ... 0 p,O. ~~ 0 0. o3o3 fiscal year 1952 it will close 321 VA offices, Michigan: Battle Creek, Escanaba, Flint, .Cl [/J 0 ~ Q) ... .sd 0. where only 1 contact representative is as­ Grand Rapids, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lansing, El » 0. 0 Ci! § Q) t: 0. § 'i5. ] signed. Marquette, Muskegon Heights, St. Joseph, ~ 0 0 0 0. 0 In order that employees in these offices Saginaw, Sault Ste. Marie, Traverse City. ~ -< 0 ~ 0 ~ -< 8 may be paid for accumulated annual leave . Minnesota: Duluth. ------out of current tunds, the closing date will Mississippi: Clarksdale, Columbus, Green­ July194 ___8 __ _ of necessity be April 1, 1951. ville, Greenwood, Grer.ada, Gulfport, Hat­ 1, 085 82 295 699 286 646 418 3, 511 Aug ______973 66 270 678 288 544 318 3, 137 One hundred and seventeen of the offices tiesburg, Kosciusko, Laurel, McComb, Nat­ Sept_ ___ _ 1, 019 74 293 675 289 530 339 3, 219 to be closed, while having only one contact chez, Pascagoula, Tupelo, Vicksburg. Oct ______880 74 252 630 280 463 287 2,866 Nov ______U9 representa tive in them, have representatives Missouri: Cape Girardeau, Chillicothe, Co­ Dec ______888 75 655 277 453 274 2, R71 of other services. Four of the offices have as lumbia, Hannibal, Horton (Kans.), Jefferson !J02 75 241 655 285 463 280 2, 901 many as 25 people on their staff. City, Joplin, Maryville, Moberly, Poplar Bluff, 19/i1} The reason for closing the offices is con­ Rolla, St. Joseph, Sedalia. . July______847 9 209 588 238 429 260 2, 580 tained in the justification and explanation Montana: Billings, Bozeman, Butte, Great Aug ______1, 197 10 374 755 273 725 508 3, 842 Sept_ ___ _ 1, 133 16 300 702 259 651 452 3, 513 of the 1952 budget which has been sub­ .Falls, Miles City, Missoula. Oct..·--- 932 13 257 00 247 503 324 2, 917 mitted to the Congress. This states: Nebraska: None. Nov ______229 Dec ______892 12 624 241 448 271 2, 717 "The field estimate or 2,544 employees for Nevada: None. 873 11 225 603 2'Z7 445 27() 2, 654 fiscal year 1952 includes pel'Sonnel require· New Hampshire: Berlin, Dover, Keene, La­ 1950 ments at regional offices, district offices, conia, Portsmouth. July______731 18 190 542 205 354 197 2, 237 centers. hospitals, domiciliaries, other VA New Jersey: New Brunswick, Red Bank. Aug ______788 23 19' 572 '212 384 Sept _____ 215 2, 297 field installations, and at non-VA installa­ New Mexico: Carlsbad, Clovis, Gallup, Las Oct ______721 23 185 521 195 367 204 2, 216 tions in the field. The estimate was de· Cruces, Las Vegas, Roswell, Sarita Fe. N ov ______71 5 20 172 563 202 358 196 2, 216 Dec ______1669 21 I 156 512 186 324 178 2, 046 veloped with full consideration of the fol· New York: Auburn, Bay Shore (Long Is­ 589 17 142 401 l .58 288 155 11, 810 lowing: land), Binghamton, Elmira, Glens Falls, Hor- 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE / 1643 APPENDIX C Report of employees assigned to contact offices proposed to be closed, cost of maintaining such offices during the past year average monthly workload by office, and nearest remaining contact office, by States · '

Personnel assigned Annual costs Average monthly workload, contact activities period, October 1950 Dec. 31, 1950 through January 1951

Total VA office monthly Personal contacts Nearest remaining VA Corre- Benefit installation within State Rent and Total. in- costs Tele- Contact Other eluding Counter phone spond- Forms applica- utilities salaries Away contacts ence pre- prepared tions pre- At office from contacts pared pared office

Alabama: (1) Anniston ______2 l $665 2 $8, 530 $711 535 3 64 357 179 225 114 Birmingham. Decatur------2 r< 5, 495 2 13, 360 1, 113 473 0 83 205 245 204 110 Do. Dothan______2 943 2 Florence ______3 8, 808 734 414 0 91 192 160 186 120 Montgomery. 2 0 720 8, 585 715 437 0 231 269 968 251 121 Birmingham. Gadsden ______2 2 0 2 7, 865 655 437 0 110 213 209 219 136 Do. Arkansas: (3) Batesville ______2 2 600 28, 465 705 576 17 178 225 87 188 106 Little Rock. Blytheville ______2 0 420 8, 285 690 530 18 133 322 292 El Dorado ______110 122 Do. 2 0 ------7, 865 655 36fi 11 173 350 214 223 167 Do. Forrest City ______2 2 540 2 8, 405 700 525 103 193 361 234 390 188 Do. Fort Smith ______2 3 ~ 7, 865 655 563 68 233 478 344 387 186 Fayetteville. Harrison ______2 0 ------686- 8, 551 713 532 21 183 287 193 223 125 Do. Jonesboro ______2 5 300 28,165 680 686 2 342 484 484 410 194 Little Rock. Pine Bluff ______2 2 560 2 8,425 702 474 23 212 338 222 287 171 Do. Texarkana ______2 2 ...... 2 7, 865 655 505 51 230 384 1.54 385 166 Do. Arizona: (4) Turson ______2 Yuma ______2 4 ------7, 865 655 4ri8 0 134 508 92 581 380 Tucson (hospital). 2 0 756 8, 621 718 301 54 99 340 161 104 83 Phoenix. California: ci> Bakersfield______2 2 1, 378 2 9, 243 770 406 0 170 429 66 149 74 Santa Barbara. San Luis Obispo._ 2 0 1, 116 8, 981 748 333 2 198 232 189 267 102 Do. El Centro ______2 0 1:398 9, 261 772 283 36 64 186 40 90 •45 San Diego. E1:Jreka ______~a 2 0 --·------7,865 655 344 0 126 362 87 171 109 Sacramento. Richmond______. 2 0 900 8, 765 730 378 0 105 266 43 145 69 San Francisco. Santa Rosa ______·"-· 2 2 27, 865 655 3Hl 0 115 300 82 120 102 Do. Vallejo ______------~r. 2 0 ·780 8, 645 720 263 33 99 197 39 180 69 Do. Colorado: Boulder ______2 0 flOO 8, 465 705 311 5fi 57 240 23 164 102 Pueblo. Fort Collins ______2 0 330 8, 195 68.1 218 81 73 133 31 132 73 i Denver. ~ Greeley ______· 2 0 1, 404 9, 269 772 293 3u lfifl 151 69 181 105 Do. Trinidad ______2 0 780 8, 645 720 347 2 75 311 94 251 148 Pueblo. Connecticut: () Middletown ______2 0 480 8, 345 695 254 13 146 356 175 241 152 Hartford. NorwiclL ______2 ' 1 ------2 7, 865 655 228 67 155 289 118 197 136 Do. Stamford ______7, 86.5 655 356 0 75 414 . 148 210 ( 2 0 ------149 Bridgeport . F lorida: Fort Lauderdale .. 2 0 1, 152 9, 017 751 67fl 13 121 663 129 285 101 Miami. Fort Pierce ______2 0 960 8, 825 735 56.1 30 144 342 236 239 83 West Palm Beach. Key West______2 0 -·------7, 865 655 324 76 12 243 43 107 48 Miami. Daytona Beach_.. 2 0 685 8, 550 713 391 0 102 169 105 177 114 Orlando. Lakeland·--- -~--- 2 0 673 8, 538 - 712 53fi 0 39 257 104 286 108 Pass-A-Grille. Marianna ______2 0 1, 440 9, 305 775 498 29 113 317 179 171 112 Tallahassee. Panama City __ ___ 2 0 ------7, 865 655 247 0 71 335 68 142 40 Do. Geor~ia: (7) Albany ______2 2 900 2 8, 765 730 610 0 124 258 1118 211 142 Thomasville. Athens ______2 4 ------2 7, 865 6M 390 0 169 184 125 144 85 Atlanta. Augusta ______2 0 1, 200 9, 065 75:, 513 0 259 472 15~ 210 80 Augusta (hospital). Brunswick ______2 0 600 8, 46.5 705 674 o.. 159 402 323 448 229 Savannah. Rome ______2 3 840 2 8, 705 725 482 43 257 359 110 313 88 Atlanta. Valdosta._------2 3 1, 695 2 9, 560 797 696 0 210 509 274 346 232 Thomasville. daho: (8) Coeur d'Alene ____ 2 0 420 8, 285 600 210 0 48 92 63 159 90 Boise. Idaho Falls ______2 2 ------2 7,865 65!'i 311l 3 75 185 69 122 63 Do. Lewiston ______2 1 840 2 8, 705 725 '27!l 0 115 80 72 152 87 Do. Moscow ______2 4 2, 172 210, 037 83f\ 295 0 99 138· 60 131 84 Do. Pocatello ______2 4 1, 653 2 9, 518 794 304 14 86 188 111 180 107 Do. Twin Falls ______2 3 1, 560 2 9, 425 785 366 3 87 146 136 213 92 Do. Illinois: Cairo ______----- 2 0 ------7,865 . 655 296 5 52 267 120 129 72 Marion. Centralia ______2 0 840 8, 705 72.5 368 0 92 240 90 103 73 East St. Louis. Decatur ______2 0 600 8, 465 705 304 0 104 308 77 141 88 Springfield. Galesburg ______2 0 630 8, 495 708 227 0 123 228 66 88 59 Peoria. Moline ______2 0 3, 166 11, 031 919 465 0 117 643 116 153 114 Do. Olney_------2 0 660 8, 525 710 287 0 46 151 86 85 54 Marion. Quincy ______2 0 510 8, 375 698 270 0 46 163 99 104 34 Springfield. Indiana: Bloomington.---- 2 0 960 8, 825 735 566 0 9 214 29 299 186 Indianapolis. Richmond ______2 0 830 8, 695 725 411 0 309 348 195 339 223 Fort Benjamin H.arrison. Iowa: (I) Burlington_ ------2 1 492 28, 357 696 270 10 118 184 68 166 89 Knoxville. Cedar Rapids ____ 2 1 720 2 8, 585 715 326 6 227 527 47 269 157 Clinton. Davenport______2 1 1, 500 29, 365 780 273 2 231 396 76 272 163 Do. Dubuque ______2 1 60!.l 2 8, 474 706 329 3 87 337 40 236 131 Do. Fort Dodge ______2 1 750 2 8, 615 718 361 0 142 318 63 322 178 Des Moines. Iowa City ______2 1 642 2 8, 507 709 294 0 148 289 50 155 85 Clinton. Mason City ______2 2 ------2 7, 865 655 293 0 179 509 186 331 184 Des Moines. Ottumwa______2 2 1, 020 28,885 740 377 2 69 181 50 221 120 Knoxville. Sioux City ______2 2 775 2 8, 640 720 439 0 106 272 61 283 171 Des Moines. Waterloo ______2 1 1, 550 29, 415 785 352 0 237 308 102 272 221 Do. 1 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Anniston, vocational rehabilitation and education, 1; Decatur, V. R. & E., 18; medical 7; Dothan, medical, 3; Gadsden, V.1}·ife:r0·~~tative annual salary cost of $7,865 for 2 contact employees only (1 contact representative and 1 clerk-stenographer) is included in the total annual costs of the .office. Salary costs of assigned personnel other than contact not included. a Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Batesville, V. R. & E., 2; Forrest City, V. R. & E., 2; Fort Smith, V. R. & E., 3; Jonesboro, V. R. & E., 5; Pine Bluff, V. R. & E., 2; Texarkana, V. R. & E., 2. . . •Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Tucson, V. R. & E., 4. . 6 Personnel assigned other than contact employees : Bakersfield, medical, 1; administrative, 1; Santa Rosa, medical, 1, V. R. & E., 1. e Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Norwich, V. R. & E., 1. ' 7 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Albany, V. R. & E., 2; Athens, y. R. & E., 4; Rome, V. R. & :El~ 3; Valdosta, V. ~· & E., 3. a Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Idaho Falls, V. R. & E., 2; Lewiston, V. R. & E., 1; Moscow, v. R. & E., 3, medical, l; Pocatello, V. R. & E., 4; Twin Falls, V. R. & E., 3. . . . • u Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Burlmgton, V. R. & E., 1; Cedar Rap1d:s, med:1cal, 1; Davenport, V. R. & E., l; Dubuque, V. R. & E., l; Fort Dodge, V. R. & E., 1; Iowa City, V. R. & -E., 1; Mason City, V. R. & E., 2; Ottumwa, V. R. & E., 2; Sioux City, V. R. & E., 2; Waterloo, V. R . & E., 1. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE .. FEBRUARY 28

R eport of employees assigned to contact offices proposed to be closed, cost of maintaining such offices during the past year, average monthly workload by office, and nearest remaining contact office, by States-Continued

~-- - Personnel assigned Annual costs Average monthly work l ~ad, contact acthrities peri0<,l, October 1950 Dec. 31, 1950 through January 1951 ·- -- Total VA office monthly Personal contacts Neatest remaining VA Corre- Benefit installation within State Rent and Total, in- costs Tele- Contact Other eluding Counter phone spond- Forms applica- utilities salaries Away contacts ence pre- prepared tions pre- At office from contacts pared pared , office ------/ Kan~as: (!U) Rays ______2 Horton ______0 ~200 $8, 165 $680 292 ------19 46 86 218 71 Wichita. ~ 0 llOO 8, 765 730 448 6 132 190 150 205 110 Wadsworth. Hutchinson ______2 0 ------7, 865 655 357 24 172 402 128 182 92 Wichita. Pittsburg:______2 Topeka ______b 424 8, 289 691 589 ------238 486 196 350 246 Do. 2 1 ------2 7, 865 655 529 34 536 167 294 153 Topeka (hospital). Kentucky: (11) ------Ashland ______2 0 309 8, 174 682 453 27 150 237 348 196 101 Lexington. Bowling Green ___ 2 0 ------7,865 655 412 7 198 175 94 145 73 Out wood. Corbin ______2 2 Harlan ______10 6, 174 14, 039 1, 170 378 2 84 114 129 216 103 Lexington. 2 0 ------7, 865 655 522 1 108 81 150 190 101 Do. Hazard ______2 0 1,000 8,865 739 522 Jackson ______2 131 73 131 197 79 Do. 2 0 480 8,345 695 280 0 47 55 103 113 47 Do. Madisonville _____ 2 0 ------7,865 655 182 54 105 84 72 136 55 Outwood. Owensboro ______Q 9 2,400 2 10, 265 Paducah ______855 374 9 62 186 54 188 115 Do. 0 __.,. ___ 311____ 8, 176 681 451 4 120 271 120 172 84 Do. Pikeville ______0 7, 865 655 407 Somerset______~ 13 109 89 59 214 97 Lexington. 2 0 €00 8, 465 705 283 1 81 52 82 145 45 Do. Louisiana: (1 2) Houma ______2 0 ------7,865 655 443 0 106 148 116 129 94 New Orleans. Lake Charles _____ 2 0 810 8, 675 723 536 Alexandria ______6 127 340 95 148 53 Lafayette. 2 8 l , 800 2 9, 665 805 478 9 99 333 125 198 127 Alexandria (hospital). Bastrop __ ------2 0 360 8, 225 685 389 9 33 ratcbitochcs _____ 378 129 189 68 Mom-oe. Ruston ______2 2 480 2 8, 345 695 162 0 110 200 55 126 49 Shreveport. 2- 0 720 8, 585 715 237 0 52 172 64 130 49 Mom-oe. Maine: (I :) Houlton ______1 2 600 2 8, 46.5 705 231 20 17 94 87 81 43 Bangor. Lewiston ______2 - 1 833 2 8. 698 Sanford ______725 449 57 90 454 165 437 169 Togus. 2 0 900 a, 765 730 213 31 l UO 241 48 109 57 Portland. Maryland: (14) Annapolis ______2 0 ------7, 865 655 441 18 2SO 341 235 31.'i 137 Baltimore. Cambridge_------2 3 1, 785 2 9, 650 804 434 Frederick ______------102 184 152 159 71 Do. 2 0 240 8, 105 675 459 14 90 295 84 169 81 Do. Hagerstown ______2 0 800 8, G65 722 Salisbury ______578 ------94 324 166 296 130 Cumberland. 2 0 ------7, 865 655 382 '13 75 315 169 166 67 Baltimore. Massachusetts: (15) Cambridge ______2 0 ------7, 865 655 541 326 357 116 307 271 Boston. Chelsea ______2 0 7, 865 655 439 ------Fitchburg ______------237 554 57 284 220 Do. 2 1 645 ~ 8, 510 709 361 165 311 133 229 119 Rutland Heights. Greenfield ______2 ------Haverhill ______0 600 8, 465 705 3.'\0 20 181 324 138 286 109 Northampton. 2 0 ------7, 865 655 414 3 224 100 149 67 Lowell. Holyoke ______2 0 ------Lawrence ______625 8,490 706 423 6 196 298 91 210 104 Springfield. Lynn ______2 4 ------2 7, 865 655 885 ------260 683 271 357 235 Lowell. 2 0 1,000 8, 865 739 463 ------176 491 70 211 124 Malden ______2 0 7, 865 655 557 Bos~~:. North Adams ____ ------305 385 124 229 170 2 0 1, 080 8, 945 745 394 222 295 105 168 105 Northampton. Pittsfield ______2 ------Quincy ______0 1,020 8, 885 740 407 1 218 356 113 394 229 Do. 2 0 720 8, 585 715 533 205 566 126 283 250 Boston. Salem_------2 tl 1, 200 9, 065 755 ------Somerville ______775 52 324 814 410 621 518 Do. 2 0 7, 865 655 582 229 385 131 333 Michigan: (16) ------194 Bedford. Battle Creek __ ___ Escanaba ______2 1 720 28, 585 715 395 13 20 296 229 255 110 Fort Custer. Flint______2 12 2,825 210, 690 801 246 .) 91 305 213 184 113 Iron Mountain. 2 4 1, 820 2 9, 68.5 807 772 Grand R11pids __ __ 14 86 807 315 435 263 Saginaw. 2 22 4, 360 212, 225 1, 019 602 45 36 569 143 365 242 Fort Custer. Jackson __ ------2 2 675 2 8, 540 Kalamazoo ______712 344 91 242 712 286 360 197 Detroit. 2 8 1,860 29, 725 810 3.1\1 11 128 545 111 221 139 Fort Custer. Lansing_------2 1 27,865 655 Marquette ______-·-·------429 17 122 467 1 6.~ 328 163 Do. 2 1 ------2 7, 8fl5 655 lll5 33 100 256 89 133 83 Iron Mountain. Muskegon Hgts __ 2 0 900 St. Joseph ______8, 765 730 262 3 46 214 100 143 93 Fort Custer. 2 0 1, 272 9, 137 761 227 ----·-- --- 128 227 53 114 59 Do. Saginaw __ "------2 23 3, 000 210, 865 905 330 45 209 467 84 306 139 Saginaw. Sault Ste. Marie __ 2 0 7,865 655 289 'rmve rse Clty __ __ -·-·------15 29 241 300 204 144 Iron Mountain. 2 1 720 28, 585 715 271 7 67 180 122 110 73 Minnesota: (17) Saginaw. Bemidji______Duluth ______2 1 -·------2 7, 865 655 326 34 142 307 103 218 164 St. Cloud. 2 5 5, 100 212, 965 l , 080 472 10 212 728 :<09 554 Mississippi: (IR) 342 Do. Clarksdale ______2 1 720 2 8, 585 715 468 Columbus ______0 84 166 145 192 96 Jackson. 2 1 675 28, 540 712 379 0 209 259 198 186 95 Greenville ______2 0 Meridian. Greenwood ______720 8, 585 715 301 0 80 134 85 135 65 Jackson. Granada ______2 1 854 28, 719 727 325 0 100 101 102 173 47 Do. Gulfport______2 1 600 28, 465 705 313 0 73 129 89 178 58 Do. 2 0 750 8, 615 718 384 0 182 212 110 162 92 Hattiesburg_----- 2 900 2 Gulfport (hospital). Kosciusko ______7 8, 765 730 491 0 209 302 55 189 92 Do. Laurel______2 1 840 28, 705 725 313 0 93 90 85 70 45 Jackson. McComb ______2 2 1, 140 2 9, 005 750 373 0 195 258 143 205 85 Meridian. 2 1 842 28, 707 726 341 0 102 179 124 172 68 Jackson. Natchez __------2 0 1, 200 9, 065 Pascagoula ______755 305 0 145 75 94 174 42 Do. Tupelo ______2 0 780 - 8, 645 720 362 0 150 191 106 122 48 Gulfport (hospital). 2 10 963 28, 828 736 399 0 176 228 189 215 Vicksburg ______2 _ 85 Meridian. 1 660 28, 525 710 252 0 143 238 70 106 31 Jackson. 2 Representat~ve annual •alary cost of $7,865 for 2 <'On~act employees only (1 contact representative and 1 clerk-stenographer) is included in the total annual costs of the office. Salary costs of assigned personnel other than contact not mcluded. 10 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Topeka chief attorney's office 1. 11 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Corbin V. R. & E., 10; Owensboro, V. R. & E., 9. u Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Alexandri!.ll V. R. & E ., 7, supply, 1; Natchitoches, V. R. & E., 2. ts Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Houlton, v. R. & E., 1; Lewiston, V. R. & E ., 1. 14 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Cambridge, medical, 3. u Personnel assigned other .than contact employees: Fitchburg, V. R. & E., 1; Lawrence, medical, 4. 16 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Battle Creek, V. R. & E., 1; Escanaba, V. R. & E_, 5, medical, 3, administrative, 2, chief attorney's office, 2; Flint, medical 3 administrative, 1; Grand Rapids, V. R ..& E., l 1, medical, 7, adm~strative, 2,_ c~ief a~torney's office, 2; ~ ackson, chief attorney's office, 2; Kalamazoo, V. R. & E ., 8; Lansing, v. R: 8 1 2 1 & Ei7 ~e;-;o~~e~~i~eJ\>tte~th~n ~~;t:~· e~p~oy~e~·n~1ih~ft? R3: ct~~~i~\~&, hi~~~;:i:s~ City, v. R. & E., • · I 11 PerSOJ)11;el assigned other than contact employees: C!arksdalel V. R. &.E., 1; ColUIDbus, V. R. & E., 1; Gr~wood, V. R. & E., 1; Granada, V. R. & E., 1; Hattiesburg, V. R • .& E., 7; Koscmsko, V. R. & E., 1; Laurel, V. R. & E., 2; McComo, V. R. & E., 1; Tupelo, V. R. & E., 10; Vicksburg, V. R. & E., 1. • 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1645 Report of employees assigned to contact .offices proposed to be closed, cost of maintaining such offices during the past year average monthly workload by ~ffice, and nearest .rem_ai_ning contact office, by States-Continued '

P ersonnel assigned Annual costs Average monthly workload, contact activities period, October 1950 Dec. 31, 1950 through January 1951

Total VA office monthly P ersonal contacts - Nearest remaining VA Total, In- costs Tele-' Corre- Benefit installation within State Contact Other Rent and ·eluding Counter spond- Forms applica-· utilities Away phone salaries contacts contacts ence pre- prepared tions pre- At office from pared pared office ------Missouri: (19) 2 $8, 58,5 JoplinChillicothe_------______2 . 1 $720 $715 130 0 41 93 51 98 52 Excelsior Springs. 2 1 799 28, 664 722 461 5 226 361 77 409 185 Springfield. Maryville ______·2 8, 465 Sedalia ______0 600 705 372 4 90 - 103 86 144 74 Excelsior Springs. 2 0 7, 865 655 430 14 163 St. Joseph ______------366 203 235 '121 Kansas City. 2 5 3, 111 2 10, 976 915 605 5 65 597 76 398 164 Do. Cape Girardeau __ 2 0 600 8, 465 705 160 5 86 225 39 155 115 Poplar Bluff (hospital). Columbia ______2 0 661 8, 526 711 355 2 71 188 85 199 H annibaL ______105 St. Louis. 2 1 ------2 7, 865 655 324 5 103 134 85 136 86 Do. Jefferson City ____ 2 1 2 7, 865 655 360 106 279 379 169 Moberly ______------252 18.5 Do. 2 1 480 2 8, 345 695 222 3 48 172 29 80 . 49 Do. Poplar Bluff______2 8, 585 Rolla ______2 3 720 715 512 7 31 208 78 235 76 Poplar. Bluff (hospital). 2 9 330 8, 195 683 2~2 16 41 222 59 129 71 St. Louis. Montana: (20) Billings ______" 2 3 1, 440 2 9, 30() 775 714 4 424 Bozeman ______387 137 350 253 Miles City (hospital). 2 1 600 2 8, 465 705 365 14 151 316 119 203 109 Fort Harrison. Butte_------2 0- 594 8, 459 705 407 0 225· 327 62 196 117 Do. Great Falls ______2 1 1, 004 2 8, 869 739 322 15 220 250 148 192 114 Do. Miles City ______2 0 7, 865 655 222 17 33 208 29 30 12 Miles City (hospital). Missoula _____ .____ ------2 2 3 ----·----- 7, 865 655 252 (J 213 ·343 154 1::,3 91 Fort Harrison. Nevada: I ; Las Ve-gas ______o_ I 2 1, 813 9, 678 807 385 0 91 301 140 128 73 Ren~; : N ew H ampshire: Berlin ______~ ___ .__ . 2 p 600 8, 465 705 304 5 121 146 Dover ______73 158 ' 87 Manchester . 2 0 -·------7, 865 655 290 33 183 20'1'. ' - 62 145 101 Do. 2 () 1, 800 9, .665 807 579 2 241 440 260 301 126 Do. ~:~~:1a_: ======· 2 0 ------7,865 655 405 4 63 229 ' 76 211 101 Do. Portsmouth-.-~--- :2 0 ------7,865 65.5 439 16 71 ~61 86 196 12lf Do. N ew Jersey: t (21) -- New Brunswick. " 2 3 ------2 7, 865 655 40fi 2 98 378 ' 140 i87 77 Lyons. Red Bank _____ , __ 2 p 1, 552 9, 417 785 319 12 107 411 199 224 147 Do. N ew Mexico: (22) Carlsbad ___ ------2 0 ------7, 865 6.55 375 25 133 135 124 165 117 Albuquerque. Clovis .. ~------2 0 455 ~. 320 693 297 10 113 181 81 172 ·78 Do. Gallup ______2 0 ------7, 865 655 281 5 69 143 87 94 ·21 Do. Las Cruces .. ~---- 2 2 360 2 8, 22.5 685 293 11 179 - 143 146 113 ·10 Fort Bayard·. Las Vegas"------. 2 0 ------7, 865 655 226. 6 269 162 164 17) :82 Albuquerque. Roswell______.___ 2 0 340 8, 205 684 150 6 . 170 193 76 100 ·44 Do. 2 Q ------7, 865 655 319 2~ 197 236 62 398 _81 Do. N e1~~J:k~L----:-- '' (23) Glens Falls ______2 1 900 2 8, 765 730 474 14 139 360 106 323 228 Saratoga Spriligs. Kingston ______2 0 600 8, 465 705 582 15 131 549 203 355 165 Poughkeepsie. Plattsburg ______2 3 1, 988 2 9, 853 821 339 67 89 227 126 139 100 Sunmount. Schenectady ______2 0 720 8, 585 715 323 0 99 394 211 294 165 Albany. HornelL ______2 0 985 8,850 738 239 10 74 228 95 240 109 Bath . Jamestown ______2 0 545 8, 410 701 260 1 66 163 5.5 172 107 Buffalo. Olean ______2 0 567 8, 432 686 304 18 109 292 111 222 120 Do. Bay Shore ______2 0 ------7,86Q 655. 320 72 103 253 179 275 181 Mineola . . Middletown______2 6 ------7, 865 655 464 3fi 248 36.3 136 199 138 Castle Point. Newburgh ______2 0 ------7, 86.5 655 447 0 89 269 122 190 136 Do. Peekskill-______2 ' 0 ------7, 865 655 294 18 101 194 96 149 70 Montrose. Saint George _____ 0 571 8, 43.6 686 563 23 23 282 37 136 108 N ew York City. Auburn ______~ i 0 ------7, 865 655 323 35 49 240 85 116 78 Syracuse. Binghamton______. 2 8 2,306 2 10, 171 848 432 27 212 475 180 353 232 Do. Elmira ______2 0 720 8, 585 71.5 271 3 19 275 84 94 68 Bath. Ithaca ______.______2 1 ------2 7,865 655 306 31 124 239 90 208 89 Syracuse. Ogdensburg ______2 0 ------7,865 655 292 36 54 237 82 85 37 Stinmount. Oswego ______2 0 720 8, 585 715 347 48 58 253 191 113 51 Syracuse. Watertown______2 0 ------7,865 655 426 10 95 278 174 304 g9 Do. N orth Carolina: (~4) Durham ______2 9 __.,. ______2 7, 865 655 552 0. 78 297 57 225 .89 Winston-Salem. Elizabeth City ___ 2 2 ------2 7, 865 655 281 0 83 137 71 ll9 48 Fayetteville (hospital). Fayetteville ______2 4 ------2 7, 865. 655 314 0 89 158 84 123 58 Do. Gastonia ______2 1 600 28, 465 705 546 0 118 149 101 268 90 Charlotte. Goldsboro ______, 2 1 600 28. 465 705 554 7 126 280 112 218 62 Fayetteville (hospital). Greensboro ______2 3 872 28; 737 710 364 1 59 199 96 137 77 Winston-Salem. Greenville ______2 3 480 2 8, 345 695 585 0 196 142 289 241 71 Fayetteville (hospital). Hickory ______2 1 240 28,105 675 392 4 147 294 54 258 58 Winston-Salem. N ew Bern ______2 1, ------2 7, 865 655 469 11 204 212 289 166 49 Fayetteville (hospital). R aleigh __ ------2 3 828 2 8, 693 725 347 4 183 473 170 240 129 Do. Salisbury______2 0 ------2 7, 865 655 437 10 214 363 65 158 64 Winston-Salem. Wilmington ______2 1 ------2 7, 865 655 478 1 205 338 63 170 67 Fayetteville (hospital). N orth Dakota: (2;) Bismarck ______2 3 ------2 7, 865 655 382 43 64 231 151 199 112 Minot. Grand Forks.---- 2 0 ------7,865 655 403 ------78 230 362 205 115 Fargo. Ohio: (2fi) Athens ______2 8 1, 020 28,885 741 459 ------74 119 138 170 112 Chillicothe. Cambridge ______2 0 960 8, 825 735 638 ------174 274 243 226 213 Do. Hamilton______2 0 840 8, 705 725- 438 3 64 335 144 281 122 Cincinnati. Ironton ______c _ 2 0 1,020 8,885 741 484 9 215 301 162 342 214 Portsmouth. Lancaster ___ ----- 2 0 546 8, 411 701 323 57 168 79 129 113 Columbus. Lima ______2 5 400 . 2 8, 265 689 307 ------5 87 283 92 145 88 Springfield. · Marietta ______2 " 500 8, 365 - 697 377 14 145 248 118 148 124 Chillicothe. Newark ______2 0 780 8, 645 720 340 7 123 224 95 167 112 Columbus. Zanesville ______2 0 1, 230 9, 095 758 369 3 112 428 236 ' 235 123 Do. 2 Representative annual salary cost of $7,865 for 2 contact employees only (1 contact representative and 1 clerk-stenographer) is included in the total annual costs of the office. Salary costs of assigned personnel other than contact not included. _ _ - 1g Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Chillicothe, V. R. & E., 1; Joplin, V. R. & E.1 1; St. Joseph, V. R. & E., 5; Hannibal, V. R . & E., 1; Jefferson City, V. R. & E., 1; Moberly, V. R. & E., l; Poplar Bluff, V. R. & E., 3. · 20 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Billings, V. R. & E., 3; Bozeman, V. R. & E., 1; Great Falls, V. R. & E., 1; Missoula, V. R. & E., 3. 21 Personnel assigned other than contact personnel: New Brunswick, V. R. & E., 3. 22 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Las Cruces, V. R. & E., 2. 23 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Glens Falls, V. R. & E., 1; Pla~tsburg, V: R . & E:.r.~• medical, 2; Binghamton, V_. R. & E., 7, medical, 1; Ith~ca, V. R. & E., 1. 2• Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Durham, V. R. & E., 6, medical 3; Elizabeth u1ty, V. R. & E., 2;.Fayetteville, V. R. & E., 4; Gastorna, V. R. & E., 1; Greensboro, V. R. & E., 3; Greenville, V. R. & E., 3; Hickory, V. R. & E., 1; New Bern, V. R .. & E., 1; Raleigh, V. R. & E., 2, chief attorney's office, 1; Wilmington, V. R. & E., l; Goldsboro, V. R. & E., 1. · 2s Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Bismarck, V. R. & E., 3. JG Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Athens, V; R; & E:, 8; Lima, v~ R. & E., 5; Lorain, V. R. & E., 1; Mansfield, medical, 4; chiei attorney's office, 1. 1646 CONGRESSIONAL· RECORD-· SENATE FEBRUARY 28 Report of employees assigned to contact offices proposed to be closed, cost of maintaining such offices during the past year, average monthly workload by office, and nearest remaining contact office, by States-Continued ·

Personnel assigned Annual costs · Average monthly workload, contact activities period, October 1950 Dec. 31, 1950 · through January 1951

Total VA office monthly Personal contacts Nearest remaining VA Corre- Benefit installation within State Rent and Total, in- costs Tele- Contact Other eluding Counter phone spond· Forms applica- utilities salaries Away contacts ence pre- prepared tions pre- At office from contacts pared pared office ------0 hio-Continued AshtabulaLorain ______...••••• 2 0 -----$660" $7,865 $655 300 2 76 204 70 118 107 Cleveland. 2 1 :g 525 710 477 12 180 397 103 267 206 Do. Mansfield.------... 2 5 15, 750 2 23: 615 1, 968 576 4 219 435 Marion ______~ . 64 170 90 Akron. I 2 0 900 8, 765 730 358 15 92 216 111 285 198 Columbus. New Philadelphia. 2 0 Sandusky ______) 360 8, 225 685 539 2 155 321 93 241 177 Canton. 2 0 600 8,465 705 469 5 52 439 207 245 127 Cleveland. Steubenville ______\ 2 0 1, 932 9, 797 816 Warren ______605 ------155 387 73 294 200 Canton. 1 ; 2 0 7,865 655 685 275 600 141 368 243 Youngstown. Oklahoma: I (27) ------Bartlesville ______I Hugo ______2 0 ------7,865 655 355 14 132 206 104 181 131 Tulsa. J 2 2 27,865 655 370 16 215 165 123 178 127 McAlester ______·~ ------Muskogee. Ada ______2 2 27, 865 655 382 54 203 228 152 213 132 Do. 2 0 ------7, 865 655 477 Ardmore ______------·-- 72 143 386 169 148 86 Oklahoma City. 2 0 ----·-420· 7, 865 655 314 46 119 285 98 275 73 Do. Clinton.•••. ------2 0 8, 285 690 418 132 205 262 183 221 104 Do. Enid.------2 0 7, 865 655 203 9 276 535 214 241 174 Do. Lawton ______2 ------Ponca City ______0 ------7, 865 655 443 19 130 264 75 133 79 Do. Shawnee ______- 2 1 ----·-420· 27, 865 655 420 41 104 219 104 194 79 Do. 2 0 8,285 690 581 115 151 391 244 366 273 Do. Woodward. __ ---- 2 0 7,865 655 158 48 96 113 63 75 37 Do. Oregon: (28) ------2 Baker.------Corvallis ______0 540 8,405 700 183 64 175 299 109 208 109 Portland. 2 2 600 28 465 705 271 0 115 126 31 152 111 Do. 2 7 3,497 211: 362 947 483 13 114 343 58 292 148 Roseburg. 2 ID1~~~il-:Fa11;_:::Medford______0 ------7, 865 655 198 10 41 137 32 117 59 Camp White 2 0 ---·-·9(i(i" 7, 865 655 361 12 126 205 93 182 98 Do. Pendleton ....•.•• 2 0 8, 765 730 176 13 81 129 66 90 59 Portland. Salem.------2 3 2, 640 210, 505 875 297 238 184 434 78 253 Pennsylvania: (2P) 174 Do. Easton.------2 0 1, 620 9,485 790 342 1 177 229 73 126 55 Allentown. Pottstown ______2 0 ...... 7, 865 655 229 17 Upper Darby ____ 48 244 74 142 47 Reading. 2 0 7, 865 655 388 0 95 296 44 234 156 Philadelphia. 2 0 --·-i;i72" 9,037 735 Bradford.Du Bois ______------_ 222 6 102 221 74 99 69 Erie. 2 1 480 18, 345 695 284 5 29 129 75 133 101 Altoona. Greensburg ______2 Kittanning ______0 900 8, 765 730 350 8 76 221 42 151 103 Pittsburgh. 2 0 240 8, 105 675 371 6 160 259 120 157 119 Butler. Meadville ______2 0 7, 865 New Castle ______------859" 655 404 3 158 124 31 109 62 Erie. Oil City______2 1 2 8, 724 727 389 2 280 350 141 212 106 Butler. Uniontown ______2 0 540 8,405 700 440 1 215 360 81 179 130 Do. 2 1 594 2 8, 459 705 528 1 226 474 114 327 202 Pittsburgh. Washington ______2 1 900 s 8, 765 730 Williamsport _____ 280 4 48 150 68 135 76 Do. 2 23 22, 500 2 30, 365 2,469 363 41 301 180 88 374 Rhode Island: (30) 256 Shamokin. Woonsocket ..•••• 2 1 868 2 8, 733 728 370 0 46 336 75 161 South Carolina: (31) 69 Providence. Florence ______2 7 1, 620 19, 845 790 574 Newberry ______21 377 481 277 340 209 Fort Jackson. 2 0 864 8, 729 727 630 54 213 256 178 314 222 Do. OrangeburgRock Hill ______•••••• 2 0 424 8, 289 691 535 0 300 307 258 316 247 Do. 2 0 720 8, 585 715 334 0 262 236 South Dakota: 133 203 79 Spartanburg. Aberdeen ______2 Rapid City______! 0 360 8, 225 685 182 26 20 98 19 99 63 Sioux Falls. 2 0 900 8, 765 730 370 107 196 452 111 Tennessee: 1 (32) 127 86 Fort Meade. ! Jackson.--Nashville ______·------2 10 8, 189 211, 054 921 360 4 152 201 90 120 76 Memphis. 2 0 ------7, 865 655 528 0 117 430 205 518 279 Nashville (R. 0.). Oak Ridge ••••••. ' 2 0 7,865 655 217 0 126 450 45 148 Texas: (33) ------103 Knoxville. Cleburne ______2 8,465 Denton ______0 600 705 237 0 84 143 102 166 92 Fort Worth. 2 1 540 2 8, 405 700 361 6 22 201 93 191 75 Dallas. Greenville ______2 2 8, 273 Longview ______1 408 689 262 0 65 171 34 94 31 McKinney. Marshall. ______2 5 --·-1:008" 2 7, 865 655 302 10 100 253 65 123 63 Dallas. 2 1 28,873 739 355 4 107 256 97 142 57 Do. Mineral Wells .... 2 1 769 '8, 634 702 171 2 47 86 33 75 29 Mount Pleasant.• : 2 28,165 Fort Worth. Sherman ______1 300 680 227 1 55 122 74 131 45 Dallas. Tyler______2 1 720 2 8, 585 715 374 0 90 75 26 92 85 McKinney. Brenham______2 2 713 28,578 715 229 0 104 167 47 120 70 Dallas. Huntsville ______2 1 300 2 8, 165 680 395 49 59 106 170 211 84 Houston. 2 1 367 s 8, 232 669 410 11 30 177 114 86 29 Do. 2 2 2 Lufkin.------Childress ______600 8, 465 705 442 6 62 251 76 189 54 Do. 2 1 210 2 8, 075 673 319 2 85 120 87 84 42 Wichita Falls. Odessa. _------2 0 7, 865 655 482 2 171 308 136 236 112 Big Spring. San Angelo ______2 ------2 Brownsville ______1 855 8, 720 727 473 28 99 331 131 259 101 Do. 2 0 360 8,225 685 310 16 122 128 ·78 Del Rio ______2 114 55 Corpus Christi. Harlingen ______2 1 ------7,865 655 283 2 48 56 51 123 34 Kerrville. 2 2 ------I 7,865 655 451 0 105 226 84 120 75 Corpus Christi. Victoria.------2 0 7,865 655 337 12 50 Weslaco ______------2 382 64 108 60 Do. 2 1 720 8,585 715 408 0 200 71 192 157 Brownwood ______2 119 Do. Corsicana. ______0 990 8,855 738 567 3 94 144 146 226 125 Waco. Palestine ______2 0 750 8, 615 710 531 27 58 378 157 234 148 Do. Temple ______2 0 ------7,865 655 311 7 82 331 118 143 82 Laredo. 2 1 17, 865 655 387 3 57 Utah: ------124 142 153 76 Temple (hospital). Ogden ______!' 2 0 1,098 8,963 747 351 16 224 614 182 269 174 Salt Lake City. Provo.------2 0 1, 698 9, 563 797 241 3 139 275 120 207 98 Do. 2 Representati_ve annual salary cost of $7,865 for 2 cont~ct employees only (1 contact representative and 1 clerk-stenographer) is included in the total annual costs of the office. Salary costs of assigned personnel other than contact not mcluded. 'l1 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Hugo, V. R. & E., 1, chief attorney's office, 1: McAlester, V. R. & E., I, chief attorney's office, 1; Ponca City v. R. & E. 1 2s Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Corvallis, V. R. & E., 2; Eugene, V. R. & E., 3, medical, 4; Salem, medical, 3. ' ' • 29 P ersonnel assigned other than contact employees: Du Bois, V. R. & E., 1; New Castle, V. R. & E., l; Uniontown, V. R. & E., l; Washington, V. R. & E. I· Williamsport V. R. & E., 10, medical, 13. ' ' ' ao Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Woonsocket, medical, 1. ai Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Florence, V. R. & E., 5, chief attorney's office, 2. BJ Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Jackson, V. R. & E., 10. aa Personnel assigned other than contact: Denton, V. R. & E., l; Greenville, V. R. & E., 1; Longview, V. R. & E., 5; Marshall, V. R. & E., I; Mineral Wells, v. R. & E., 1; Mount Pleasant, V. R. & E., 1; Shei:man, V. R. & E., 1; Trler, V. R. & E., 2; Brenh~m, V. R. & E., l; Huntsville, V. R. & E., l; Lufkin, V. R. & E., 2; Childress, v. R. & E., 1; San Angelo, V. R. & E., l; Del R10, V. R. & E., l; Harlingen, V. R. & E., l; medical, l; Weslaco, V. R. & E~, l; Temple, V. R. & E., 1. 1951 · CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1647 Report of employees assigned to contact offices proposed to be closed, cost of- maintaining such offices during the past year average . monthly workload by office, and nearest remaining contact office, by States-Continued '

Personnel assigned .Annual costs Average monthly workload, contact activities period, October 1950 Dec. 31, 1950 through Januar.y 1951

Total VA office monthly Persona! contacts Nearest remaining VA Total, in- costs Tele- Corre- Benefit installation within State Rent and eluding Counter spond- Forms applica- Contact Other utilities Away contacts phone ence pre-· prepared tions pre- salaries At office from contacts pared pared office ------Vermont: Montpelier ...•... 2 0 $840 $8, 705 $725 281 51 59 209 70 198 14.3 Burlington. Rutland..•...•••. 2 0 7,865 655 271 20 99 238 105 143 94 White River Junction. Virginia: (34) ------Bristol. ______2 1 960 28,825 ·735 391 1 76 165 90 172 89 Roanoke. Charlottesville ____ 2 0 ------7,865 655 243 6 76 190 59 112 50 Richmond. Danville ______2 0 ------7, 865 655 600 10 126 299 127 224 168 Roanoke. Harrisonburg _____ 2 0 ------7, 865 655 306 8 37 215 104 167 93 Do. Lynchburg ______2 0 ------7, 865 655 431 5 239 341 150 235 124 Do. Newport News ___ 2 0 900 8, 765 730 386 0 225 394 71 222 114 Norfolk. Washington: (35) Bellingham ______2 0 540 ·8, 405 700 253 3 99 . 177 86 115 54 Seattle. Everett..------2 0 840 8, 705 725 437 15 104 316 93 277 127 Do. Richland ______2 0 120 7, 985 665 334 72 122 332 122 180 141 Walla Walla. Vancouver ______2 0 600 8, 465 705 525 6 52 262 153 224 160 Vancouver (hospital), Wenatchee ______2 0 265 8, 130 661 300 39 103 258 93 235 116 Seattle. Yakima ______2 2 1, 740 2 9, 605 800 427 10 134 378 86 359 131 Tacoma. Wisconsin: (3 6) Ashland ______2 0 ------7,865 655 383 7 79 247 139 218 98 Wausau. Beloit______2 0 ------7,865 655 347 11 54 255 78 225 78 Madison. Oshkosh ______2 1 2 7,865 655 285 95 53 224 177 275 146 Green Bay. Racine ______2 0 ----1;245· 9, 110 759 439 14 4 421 100 152 82 Milwaukee. Wyoming: (37) Casper ••••••••••. 2 1 600 2 8, 465 705 283 48 62 346 131 253 116 Cheyenne. Hawaii:Hilo ______2 0 7,865 655 315 74 98 323 123 209 96 Honolulu. Wailuku. ______2 0 ------7,865 655 262 45. 40 208 93 140 70 Do. (88) ------PuertoArecibo Rico: ______Caguas ______2 0 600 8, 465 705 476 80 231 10 121 293 178 San Juan. 2 0 480 8,345 695 793 12 215 119 117 379 188 Do. Cayey ______2 0 600 8,465 705 . 744 13 490 62 179 283 93 Do. Guayama ______2 0 504 8, 369 697 434 29 93 29 140 153 46 Do. Humacao ______2 0 600 8, 465 705 493 74 209 24 160 220 73 Do. Mayaguez ______2 2 l, 500 2 9, 365 780 644 62 278 48 140 242 139 Ponce. 655 149 34 174 34· 124 St. Thomas, V. L 2 0 ... ------7, 865 85 16 San Juan.

1 Representative annual salary cost of $7,865 for 2 contact employees only (1 contact representative and 1 clerk-stenographer) is included in the total annual costs of the office Salary costs of assigned personnel other than contact not included. ' u Personnel assigned other than contact employees; Bristol, chief attorney's office, 1. · u Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Yakima, V. R. & E., 2. ae Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Oshkosh, V. R. & E., l, 37 Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Casper, V. R. & E., 1. as Personnel assigned other than contact employees: Mayagnez, V. R. & E., 2. NOMENCLATURE similar document, prepared in it~ entirety BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION Contact: Any interview conducted by con- by contact personnel, to, for, or concerning INTRODUCED tact personnel, either in person or by tele- a veteran, his representatives or beneficiaries. phone, on an indlvidual basis with a veteran, Form prepared: Any printed or typed form Bills and a joint resolution were intro­ his dependents, beneficiaries, representatives, or form letter with blank spaces for insertion · duced, read the first time, and. by unani­ or other persons, wherein information, ad- of information which is prepared in its en­ mous consent, the second time, and re­ vice, or assistance is furnished to such per- · tirety by contact personnel, regardless of the f erred as follows: son. One interview wlll constitute one con- origin or purpose of the form or form letter. By Mr. GEORGE: tact regardless of the number of subjects or However, VA Form 3230, Reference Slip, VA S. 985. A bill for the relief of Agnes An­ cases discussed. Form 3-3237 series, Requisition for Numbered derson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Personal contact at office: A contact made Folder, VA Form 3246, Referral or Call Memo, By Mr. KEM: in person by a contact representative at the VA Form 7203, Recharge Slip, VA Form 3229, S. 986. A bill for the relief of Maria Treitz; office to which he is assigned for duty (ex- Routing Slip, and other similar routing and to the Committee on the Judiciary. eluding counter and telephone contacts). reference forms are not included as forms By Mr. YOUNG: Personal contact away from office: A con'." . prep~ed. S. 987. A bill for the relief of Enar Tonner tact made in person by a contact repre- Benefit application prepared: Any for­ and Marianne Tonner; to the Committee on sentative during a trip away from the office mal application for benefits prepared by con­ the Judiciary. to provide contact service to; veterans, their tact personnel, whereby the claimant applies By Mr. MURRAY: dependents, beneficiaries, or representatives for some benefit administered by the VA. ­ S. 988. A bill to provide for the acquisi­ who are unable to visit a VA installation. Each · separate benefit applied for will be tion of land and the construction thereon of . NoTE.-Only personal contacts made dur- counted as one item, regardless of tlie num- · b;uildings and appurtenances essential for in:; regulru: workday hours, or in a VA instal- ber of svpplementary forms or related docu­ forest-fire-control operations of the Forest lation during an extension of those hours, ments accompanying the application. How­ Service, United States Department of Agri­ aie reflected on all contact reporting forms. ever, each supplementary form and the ap- culture, at or near Missoula, Mont., and for , Counter contact: A contact made by an plication itself will also be counted as a other purposes; to th~ Committee on Agri­ information clerk, or other contact person- separate item under the previous heading C\.llture and Forestry. nel serving in such capacity, with a person ",Forms prepared." In order to achieve uni- ' S. 989. A bill to provide for the installation who is not referred to a contact representa- formity in reporting, when other conditions of improvements and facilities needed for tive's desk for a personal interview. Simple . of the definitions are met, the following VA the protection, development, and utilization referrals, directory in nature, should not be forms, the majority of which are illustrated of Federal resources affected by dam and in chapter 5, VA Manual M3-6, "Contact water reservoir projects constructed by the recorded. Operations, Regional Office," are to be cori- Federal Government, and for other purposes; Telephone contact: A telephone conver-· sidered by contact personnel for recording to the Committee on Interior and Insular sation, incoming or outgoing, which fulfills purpo.ses as within the category "Benefit Aft' airs. the definition of a contact. (Telephone calls Applications Prepared." However, it is S. 990. A bill to authorize the appropria­ initiated by contact personnel for the pur- · stressed that the determinations set. forth tion of funds to assist the States and Terri­ pose of obtaining information within the VA are established solely for the guidance of tories in financing more equitable schedules will not be recorded.) contact personnel in recording certain sta- of salaries for teachers in the public ele­ Correspondence item prepared: Any letter, tistical data and are to be limited to that use mentary and secondary schools, and to pro­ com~unication, memorandum, affidavit, or alone. · mote the general welfare, and for other X CVII-104 1648 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 purposes; to the Committee on Labor and the Longshoremen's and Harbor Work­ to become steers, full-grown · animals, Public Welfare. ers' Act. This measure permits the Sec­ which would have helped the food supply (Mr. MURRAY (for himself, Mr. HILL, Mr. retary of Labor to make rules for the of the country. NEELY, Mr. DOUGLAS, Mr. HUMPH~EY, Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. PASTORE, Mr. AIKEN, Mr. SMITH prevention of accidents and the estab­ In addition, I seek to amend the Bank- · of . ·ew Jersey, Mr. MORSE, and Mr. IVES) in­ lishment of safe conditions of work. In head-Jones Act by increasing from 411),- troduced Senate bill 991, to amend section addition, it gives the Secretary effective 500 to $7,000 the amount of money which 41 of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Work­ authority to carry on a promotional pro­ a veteran or farmer may borrow. The ers' Compensation Act, so as to provide a gram to prevent accidents. reason, of course, is that the value of the system of safety rules, regulations, and safety The tragic explosion last May at dollar has depreciated. With the high inspection and training, and for other pur­ South Amboy, N. J., in which 34 men cost of the utensils and materials which poses, which was referred to the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, and appears were killed, emphasizes the urgent need the farmer must buy, and with the high­ under a separate heading.) for this additional authority. It makes er price he must pay for land, we find By Mr. KNOWLAND: clear that a new and vigorous system of that the sum of $3,500 is not large s. 992. A bill for the relief of Daniel Wol­ safety and health regulations in the enough. I therefore seek to increase it konsky and his wife, Xenia Wolkonsky; and maritime field is necessary. The ur­ to $7,000; also to double the time within S. 993. A bill for the relief of Robert We.n­ gency of this need has become even which the loan may be repaid, extending dell Tadlock; to the Committee on the greater in view of the tremendous ex­ the time from 5 years to 10 years. Judiciary. (Mr. LANGER introduced Senate bill 994, pansion of maritime activities likely to I very earnestly hope that the Com­ to am'3nd section 21 of the Bankhead-Jones result from our national defense effort. mittee on Agriculture and Forestry will Farm Tenant Act, as amended, so as to in­ Proper protection of our workers in the go into this question very carefully. I crease the maximum amounts and terms for maritime industry will contribute to the should like to serve notice now that when which loans may be made under such sec­ safeguarding of an industry which oc­ the subcommittee hears the testimony I tion, which was referred to the Committee cupies a strategic position in the protec­ should like to be given an opportunity to on /_gricultur.e and Forestry, and appears tion of our national security. be heard. under a separate heading.) Ey Mr. JOHNSTON of South CaroUna The bill ection and training, and ,Mr. KNOWLAND -5Ubl;Ilitted the. fol,. Office and Civil Service. for other purposes, introduced by Mr. lowing concurrent resolution '.'ih"'" __ ,_ ent the procedure follows a pattern which _.&o.~~trf . ~!eyatoFS; bUf Uiefl~ was no Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. P~esi- is the reason for this letter. ropm. We have had a perpetual box- dent, on day before yesterda~ I received The growers in Iowa held a meeting at car shortage ever since last spring. A a letter fro~ a very promment Iowa. which 24 out of 25 stated that they did not _good deal of the grai~ which the com- farmer ~ho is one of the larges~ potato want anything to do with such an agree­ inodity Credit Corporation took over on ?"rowers m th~ State of Iowa.. His name ment. The facts also show that Indiana loans was never shipped out of the is H. L. McKmley, of St. Ansgar. Mr. growers, in a meeting, voted 198 to 2 against McKinley h · t tl f d t a marketing agreement. In spite of this country elevators because of the short- . as consis en Y. re use 0 go Mr. Brannan's representatives kept pushing age -of" cars. · What were the producers 1i:ito the potato progra:m. He has con- the matter and called for a referendum. to do with their wet wheat? Some of sistently refused to take Government Knowing that the measure would be defeated them had to leave 1t in the field. Others benefits or payments. He now finds if submitted to the growers of Indiana and put It in their farm granaries. When ari that Mr. Brannan, through his Washing- Iowa separately, Mr. Brannan arbitrarily elevator would get a very occasional box- to~ PMA politica~ . o~ganization, has forced a referendum which would include the car there would be a race to the elevator foisted, agamst their will, upon the po- States of North Dakota, Minnesota, Wiscon­ to see who could get unloaded. We have tato growers of 11 counties in northeast- sin,. and Michigan, which were already in the d a very cold winter and very· little of ern Iowa, cooperation in the so-called marketing agreement stranglehold on their ha k t 1950 crop and could not get out until the the grain, while it still has the moisture, mar e ing program, of which they want end of the marketing year (June 30, 1951). has gone out of condition up to now. no part, and have had no part in the Although potatoes are grown in other sec­ But with warm weather coming on in pa~t, and from which they desi.re to be ttons of Iowa, Mr. Brannan arbitrarily a comparatively few weeks, all of that relieved. selected 12 counties in northern Iowa and · grain would start to go out of condition He wrote me a letter at some length 20 counties in Indiana. and When it does it gets so bad that it is about the matter and in the letter clearly The election by mail was very loosely con- ducted. Ballots were mailed out from the unfit for human consumption, and there stated his position. I ask unanimous PMA offices. we received two. we did not is even a question of whether it should consent that the letter be printed in the use either ·of them. There was no place on be fed to livestock. RECORD at this point as a part of my re- the ballot for a notary public seal showing I have had increasing pressure put on marks. that the signature -0f the person was genu- me all the time to help remedy this sit- There being no objection, the letter ine. There was nothing to hinder duplicate uation. One reason is that there are was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, voting. The ballots had to be sent to Chi- more than 5,000,000 bushels of this wet as follows: cago. Growers who asked to witness the wheat in the northeastern section of ballot counting were ignored. The front of ACORN PARK FARMS, the ballot carried propaganda favoring an North Dakota, more than a million bush- St. Ansgar, Iowa, February 22, 1.951. •:·. affirmative vote. Mr. Brannan announced els in northwestern Minnesota; and Senator BouRKE B. HICKENLOOPER, f• the election carried by the necessary ma- 3,000,000 bushels in northeastern Mon- Senate Office Building, ·t jority. This election was held in Septem- tana. All that wheat is going to spoil Washington, D. C. ber after the crop was grown and mostly unless it is taken care of. DEAR SENATOR: I know that you are bur- harvested. The effective date for these new I am very glad to report that the In- dened with tremendous responsibilities at territories of Iowa and Indiana was Novem- this time and I dislike to add to them. ber 27, 1950, after part of the crop was dis- terstate Commerce Commission has put The proble:rp. which confronts us seems posed of. Since this packed election was held in .an order to furnish approximately to me to be an attack on fundamental and after the crop wa.S grown there was no 1,200 cars a week for 6 weeks, to be sup- constitutional personal rights which will chance for a grower to decide in advance plied by the eastern railroads and to be take us further down the socialistic road. whether he wa:nted to produce a crop under turned over to the western railroads. I am therefore taking the liberty of present- the complete and dictatorial domination of That is an example of splendid coopera- ing the facts in this case for your con- Mr. Brannan. tion, Mr. President. sideration and investigation. · Under Marketing Order No. 60, Mr. Bran- Iowa has never produced more than a nan has allocated to ·himself powers as The western railroads and our farmers small percentage of the potatoes needed for sweeping as any dictator. I will cite a few: are not asking for anything they should its own use. Twenty-five years ago we 1. He appoints the committee to handle not have. The railroads in the upper started growing potatoes on a commercial the area. 'rhe growers are allowed the privi- Middle West have been running only scale and have continued to do so until the lege of making nominations but have no · about 50 percent of ownership of boxcars present -time. choice in selection: on their lines. Where are they? They In 1946 the Agriculture Department still 2. He can discharge or replace any member are in the East, where small railroads gave the all-out signal on potato production of this committee without reason. have as high as 269 percentage of owner- and the resulting crop was staggering. Lured 3. He can change the size and grade of po- ship. Of course, they are glad to use by high support prices tens of thousands of tatoes which are legal to sell from this area new growers had gone into the potato-grow- without consultation and on 1 day's notice these cars, as they only have to pay $1.75 1ng business. We found our long-time regu- and may vary sizes and grades for different per diem. lar outlets flooded for the disposal of this sections of the area. 1654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 4. Testimony has shown that the commit- First, to consider the claims of civilian civilian claimants make proof in proper tee m akes no decisions. They merely carry prisoners such as businessmen, school ways that the money they claim is due out Brannan's directives. teachers, or other prisoners of that type them. On the other hand, as to the 5. The only appeal from the decisions of who were captured by the Japanese; and claims of ex-servicemen, the sol1iers who this committee is to the same committee. second-and this was the main feature 6. They state in the marketing agreement were in the prison camps, and who ac­ that the committee is exempt from legal re- of the bill, and it was placed in the bill tually suffered there, the Commission course because of errors of commission or by the Senate-to take care in a small does not have to take such steps. In omission, which may damage any individual way of the thousands of war prisoners their case, all the Commission has to do or firm. who were in concentration camps for, on in order to handle their claims expedi­ I would like to list a few of the reasons the average, 1,400 days. I do not want tiously is to get entirely away from the why we do not feel bound in any way by this the American people to forget so easily delaying tactics involved in the bureau­ arbitrary use of authority: th h t 11 ff d · th t 1. The referendum was held over the pro- ose W 0 ac ua Y su ere m a way. cratic processes, and pay the claims. All tests of the growers involved. Congress did not want them forgotten; that an ex-soldier prisoner-of-war 2. It was held after the crop was grown. hence, the enactment of Public Law 896. claimant has to do is to prove his name 3. It included in Iowa only 12 counties out Day before yesterday a letter was and address, the unit with which he of 99. called to my attention, in connection served, and the length of time he was a 4. The method of election was illegal and with this matter. The letter came from prisoner of the Japanese. That is what could easily have been fraudulent. Mr. Francis M. Sullivan, national legis- is required by the law. There is nothing 5. Potatoes which are termed illegal for lative director of the Disabled American complicated about the procedure re­ us to sell can easily be dumped in our coun- Veterans, with national service head­ ty from any grower in the United States not quired for the payment of the claims of covered by this so-called agreement. quarters in Washington. His letter reads those boys. However, I have realized Mr. Brannan's directive states that any as follows: that from the early days of the Com­ potatoes sold from this area must be feder- DEAR SENATOR CHAVEZ: Because of your mission, it and its personnel in Washing­ ally inspected and that every grower must great interest in the establishment of the War ton were more interested in continuing contribute to the support of the committee, Claims Commission, I am taking the liberty their jobs than in paying the poor boys ..wh!ch m r~ality has no pow~r whatsoever: of calling to your attention the fact that who have money coming to them. The alternatI'Ve is-l)ei'sMution, court action, under subs~ction le) of section 2 of the War Let me tell the Senate how the present and a fine of from fifty to three hundred do1:-· ··.-Ciaims .Act, :March i, i~~! ; !§.th~ "deadline" situation arises. For instance, Salinas, Jars for each lot of potatoes sold without for f..ling claims with that Commission. It complying with the day to day whim of Die- is my understanding that presently there Calif., was j5rac-tica)lY depop~!ated be­ tator Brannan. are approximately 30,000 claims- cause the National Guard unit from that In our case the persecution has started. little town was serving in the Philippines. On February 15, 19.51, an investigator for the Mr. President, we are talking now only Maywood, Ill., was practically depopu­ Department of Agriculture came to St. Ansgar of military claims­ lated because the National Guard unit and for 5 days carried on a program of coer­ whicll have not been filed and it may well from that town was serving in the Philip­ cion and gestapo type investigation. We now be that these are the most deserving. pines. The same is true of Peoria and face the second phase, which if it runs true We of the DAV believe that there should to form, will take the usual line of news re­ of St. Joseph, Mo. Every person serving be some extension .of time for the filing of in the New Mexico National Guard was leases to the effect that we are law violators these claims and we are wondering if you and will be prosecuted in Federal court in would introduce a bill for this purpose. A in the Philippine Islands. Only about the near future. proposed draft of such a measure is en­ 68 percent returned. But they are sick, A friend of mine heard this investigator closed herewith for your convenience. You they are wounded. One sees them today discussing the case with a party in the lobby will note that this proposed draft would ex­ walking down the street, and he notes in of our local hotel on February 17, 1951. tend the time for filing clailllS with the the newspapers 3 days later that they The "we" to whom I have referred in this Commission from March 1 to October 1, have gone. I maintain that the tactics letter constitute the McKinley families. The 1951, or 6 months after the date of enact­ three sons who are in partnership with me employed by the Commission to delay ment of the act, whichever is later. In other this matter are evidence not only of in­ are all overseas veterans of World War II. words, this would provide an additional 6 They represent an aggregate of 10 years of months for the filing of claims with the gratitude but also of inhumanity. service. We are unanimous in feeling that Commission. I had the opportunity night before last this socialistic and dictatorial use of power to talk to General Sage; adjutant gen­ represents what they spent 10 years of their Mr. President, Mr. Sullivan's sugges­ eral of my home State, who was a colonel lives fighting against. tions are well made. However, I do not commanding the New Mexican National If this can happen in Iowa to little potato think what he proposes is the cure. The growers, it can later be applied to other Guard. It is now reported that the men groups and end up in loss of opportunity and Commission has been in existence from cannot be found. General Sage said to the basic freedoms on which this country the time of the passage of the bill in 1948. me, "Senator, if they only ask me, I have a was founded. There are 30,000 claims of this type, that book with the names and addresses, and Personally it would be easier and less ex­ is, claims of boys who had been in prison I can check them from place to place, and pensive to submit to this unconstitutional camps or in concentration camps. In the we can pay those boys within a week or abuse of power, but I couldn't do it and look State of New Mexico alone there are two, with the help of a stenographer or my sons in the face. We will resist this per­ 3,600 ·claims. During the entire life of secution with every power at our command. two." Yet there has been delay. Yours very truly, the Commission and up to the present A fact which probably was not suffi­ H. L. McKINLEY. -~ moment in New Mexico, only 600 claims ciently considered at the time the bill have been adjudicated or taken care of, was passed is that the burden is placed CLAIMS OF CERTAIN AMERICAN "T·f whereas, as a matter of fact, if the Com­ on the soldier, whereas the duty should PRISONERS OF WAR mission had done its duty or had done have been placed upon the Commission Mr. CHAVEZ. Mr. President, I desire what was intended by the Congress of doing the work and finding the soldier. to take a little of the time of the Senate should be done, the thousands of unpaid · One of the commissioners is from. my in order to call attention to a public law claims could have been cleared up in­ home State. All she had to do was to go which was considered by this body dur­ side of 2 months. to New Mexico and get a stenographer. ing the Eightieth Congress. I refer to I make that statement for the reason There she could have obtained informa­ a law dealing with the war prisoners that, as I said before, the act is divided tion regarding those 3,000 boys who are who were captured by the Japanese in into two sections, the first part dealing scattered throughout the State. Remem­ the Philippine Islands or in the islands with the claims of civilian prisoners, in­ ber that the National Guard in small of the ? acific. cluding businessmen whose stores might States is composed of home-town boys, The Eightieth Congress considered, have been destroyed or damaged or country boys, boys whose fathers we under the sponsorship of former Senator bankers whose banks might have been know, whose mothers we know, whose sis­ Cooper, of Kentucky, and the Senator looted. The second part of the act deals ters we know; and we know the schools from Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON], a with the claims of soldiers who were which they attended. If the young lady bill, which had been reported from the placed in prison camps or concentration from my State who is in the Commission Committee on the Judiciary, creating a camps. would only go to New Mexico, she could War Claims Commission. That measure Of course, it is only proper that when get those names. was passed, and was approved on July 3, the Commission deals with claims of the Mr. President, I have seen General 1948. It had for its purposes two things: first category, it should require that the Wainwright cry as he testified about this 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENA TE 1655 law. I have heard General King, of the teenth Coast Art illery Regiments, while in Pastore Smith, N. J. Watkins field artillery, testifying in anguish be­ the active Federal military service, were Robertson . Smith, N. c. Welker prisoners of war during the period 1942-45, Russell Sparkman Wherry fore committees both of the Senate and inclusive; and Saltonstall Stennis Wiley of the House. I have heard General Sage, Whereas funds have been set aside for Schoeppel Taft Wllliams of my State, testify. If Senators desire Sma thera Thye Young payment of $1 per day by the War Claims Smith, Maine Tobey some good reading, I suggest they read Commission for each day a member v.:as a the hearings before the Committee on prisoner of war; and Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I announce the Judiciary, describing the suffering of Whereas deadline for filing for payments that the Senators from Connecticut [Mr. those boys. One of the boys came before due by reason of serving as prisoners of war BENTON and Mr. McMAHON] and the the Senate committee at its hearing in is March 1, 1951; and Senator from Kentucky [Mr. CLEMENTS] Whereas a concerted effort is being made are necessarily absent. Albuquerque with his eyes practically at this time by governmental and civil agen­ popping out. Another came with a nail cies to locate former prisoners of war and/or The Senator from Delaware [Mr. through his head. Another came who families .of deceased members who were pris­ FREAR], the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. ·had experienced a hot iron between his oners of war; and KEFAUVER], and the Senator from South toes. That situation is not confined to Whereas the Legislature of the State of Carolina [Mr. MAYBANK] are absent by New Mexico alone. In Boston, in Ten­ New Mexico manifests grave concern about leave of the Senate on official committee nessee, Illinois, North Dakota, Wyoming, the plight of these POW's and their families; business. Now, therefore, the Legislature of the and Colorado, the situation exists. State of New Mexico does hereby memorial­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. I announce that It is said now that the burden is upon ize the Congress of the United States and the Senator from New Hampshire [Mr. the young man to make his claim. It the congressional delegation from New Mex~ BRIDGES] and the Senator from Wiscon­ was the duty of the Commission to clear ico to initiate immediate steps to ameliorate sin [Mr. McCARTHY] are r.ecessarily ab­ up these matters and to find the boys. this unfortunate situation by extension of sent. The business of the Commission now is deadline for filing claims for payment of The Senator from Utah [Mr. BENNETT] not to continue their jobs, or to continue POW moneys until June 30, 1951; and be it further is absent on official business of the Com­ their pay, but to see that the claims of Resolved, That a properly engrossed copy mittee on Banking and Currency. · those boys are paid. They are getting of this memorial be sent by the president The Senator from Michigan [Mr. little enough-a dollar a day-as coln­ of the New Mexico Senate to the Presiding VANDENBERG] is absent by leave of the pensation for the anguish and agony of · Officer and Speaker of the Senate and House Senate. the damned which they suffer. of Representatives of the United States Con­ The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Hogy , Mr. President, I ask how many of us gress and to each Member of the congres­ in the cl:air). A quorum is present. would have liked being in a Japanese sional delegation from New Mexico. concentration .camp in the Philippine TIEO J. CHAVEZ, THE MARYLAND SENATORIAL ELECTION President, Senate. Islands, with 30,000 American boys sup­ NATALIE S. BUCK, Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, I have plied with but a single one-half inch Chief Clerk, senate. just returned from an extensive speak­ spigot of water provided for the use of CALVIN HORN, ing tour, which carried me from the New all of them? How would we like tq go Speaker, House of Representatives. England, States to the Pacific coast and through the filth and dirt in which they SANTOS QUINTANA, the Arctic Ocean. I am shocked and had to exist, and to eat the food which Chief Clerk, House of Representatives. chagrined to learn that in my absence a they had to eat? CALL OF THE ROLL subcommittee of the United States Sen­ Mr. President, the legislative counsel ate started an unprecedented investiga­ is preparing for me certain proposed Mr. WELKER obtained the floor. tion into the election of one of the other legislation which will continue in this Mr. THYE. Mr. President, I wonder freshmen Senators. whether the Senator from Idaho will Commission the duty of protecting the yield for a moment. I personally know something about boys in their rights, after the expiration such investigations, and that is the rea­ of the present law, which will take place Mr. WELKER. I yield. Mr. THYE. I suggest the absence of son why I am moved to take the floor this afternoon. That legislation is today to express my indignation at the being prepared now, and it is my purpose a quorum. The VICE PRESIDENT. The Senator way the one now in process began. A during the afternoon to submit a resolu­ may not yield for that purpose without Democratic Senator, defeated in the pri­ tion, in the hope that as a matter of losing the floor, except by unanimous mary, raised a similar kick in the State common dt::cency and justice we shall consent. of Idaho. Investigs.tors roamed over the see that these boys are not deprived of Mr. WELKER. I ask unanimous con­ State annoying our good citizens, inter­ their rights as the result of our having sent that I may yield to the Senator from fering with their daily tasks, and by in­ written into the bill a provision that they Minnesota for the purpose of suggest­ ference intimidated and molested them. must file a claim by a certain date. Our ing the absence of a quorum, without Now I understand that Millard Tyd­ duty now is to put pressure on the Com­ losing the floor. ings, the man who was defeated by a mission, or whatever other agency may The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there ob­ 43,000 majority in Maryland by my good take control, to see that the boys are jection? The Chair hears none. The friend, JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, has been paid as soon as possible. Senator from Minnesota makes the point permitted to reopen his campaign before Mr. President,. at this point in my re­ of no quorum. The clerk will call the the Senate subcommittee in an effort to marks, I present for appropriate refer­ roll. overrule the decision made against him ence and printing in the RECORD, Senate The legislative clerk. called the roll, by his fellow citizens of Maryland. Joint Memorial 11, adopted by the Leg­ and the following Senators answered to This proceeding, Mr. President, is un­ islature of the State of New Mexico, their names: precedented because it was begun wh~n memorializing the congressional delega­ ex-Senator Tydings, popularly known in Aiken Ferguson Kilgore tion from New Mexico relating to exten­ Anderson Flanders Knowland my State as the White Wash King, com­ sion of the filing date for payment of Brewster Fulbright I.anger plained that scurrilous literature was prisoner-of-war claims. . Bricker George Lehman used in the campaign against him. Mr. Butler, Md. Gillette Lodge There being no objection, the me­ Butler, Nebr. Green Long President, I am also a fres:1man Senator, morial was referred to the Committee Byrd Hayden McCarran and I am naturally not familiar with all on the Judiciary, and ordered to be Cain Hendrickson McClellan the traditions of the Senate and the printed in the RECORD, .as follows: Capehart Hennings McFarland Carlson Hickenlooper McKellar tricks of politicians who dominate the Senate Joint Memorial 11 Case Hill Magnuson scene in the Nation's Capital. I come Joint memorial to the Congress of the United Chapman Hoey Malone from the far West, where a man's word Chavez Holland Martin States and to the New Mexico congres­ Connally Humphrey Millikin is his bond, and where a poor loser can sional delegation relating to extension of Cordon Hunt Monroney never find an audience for his crying. filing date for payment of prisoner of war Dirksen Ives Morse I proudly remember January 3, 1951, claims Douglas Jenner Mundt when I took the oath of office, along with Be it resolved by the Legislature of the State Duff Johnson, Colo. Murray Dworshak Johnson, Tex. Neely seven other new Senators. Some of my of New Mexico: Eastland Johnston, S. C. Nixon Whereas certain former members of the Ecton Kem o·conor .folks back home paid a considerable Two Hundredth and Five Hundred and Fif- Ellender Kerr ·o 'Mahoney amount of money to travel from my 1656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 State of Idaho to see me formally in­ complained for the first time that scur­ should be a gross libel upon the voters stalled in this great body. While I was rilous and defamatory literature had of the great State of Maryland. basking in the warmth of the feeling been used against him, which had caused So JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER said to the that I had now become a Member of the his defeat, a Subcommittee on Privileges committee, "If this is not a contest over greatest deliberative body on earth, I and Elections of the Committee on Rules my qualifications for a seat in the United also became more than a little embar­ and Administration, after investigating, States Senate, it is only fair and proper rassed and felt extremely sorry for the reported that nothing had been devel­ for the subcommittee to report this con­ man sitting near me. His name is JOHN oped _which would substantiate a con­ clusion to the Senate in a proper resolu­ MARSHALL BUTLER. test in the Maryland election. tion." · I had never met him before I entered It now develops that another Subcom­ Mr. President, I do not believe that the Chamber on that day, ·but I was mittee on Privileges and Elections, com­ that was an unfair request. There was immediately drawn to his warm, sincere posed of four new Members, whom I hold. not sufficient evidence to call for a con­ personality. If ever there was a man in very high esteem indeed, has reopened test. The subcommittee has been in­ who carried himself so that his honesty, this case. vestigating the campaign for 3 months integrity, and fine character were unmis­ I am a country lawyer from a State without coming forward with anything takable, it was this man BUTLER. which is a neighboring State to that of to substantiate any serious charges. So, I was immediately drawn to him be­ the distinguished Senator from Nevada as a country lawyer, I think JOHN MAR­ cause I knew that he in the election [Mr. McCARRAN], whom I very greatly SHALL BUTLER was on the right track. I campaign had done one of the greatest admire. I am a lawyer, as are the Sen­ cannot .understand why, the subcommit­ jobs that any . of us had when he de­ ator from Nevada and many other tee did not grant his request, so as to feated Millard Tydings, whose long serv­ Members of this body-yes, and as the clear the situation. That is why I am ice in this body ended in the whitewash distinguished JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER is. here. today asking for some advice from can. We are both aware of the power and older and more distinguished Members, I was proud to be sitting near this rreat authority of the Senate over its mem­ who can perhaps tell me, the freshman American from the neighboring State of bership. I come from the far distant Senator from Idaho, what has happened .Maryland; but my joy and pride in my State of Id.aho and the junior Senator to the Constitution and the practice of position were lessened when the request from Maryland comes from the great orderly judicial procedure in the United was made that my friend be allowed to old city of Baltimore, but we both know · States Senate. take his seat "without prejudice" pend­ something about the Constitution. We But to r.eturn to JOHN MARSHALL BUT­ ing an investigation. know that a man may not be tried in LER'S request of the committee, he· also Mr. President, I noted that sitting in this free United States without being in­ stated that if the committee did not con­ the gallery were his wife and two sons. formed of the charges against him, and sider his seat in contest, and proposed His sons are now or soon will be in the having an opportunity to look at his ac­ to investigate the campaign literature United States military service. What a cusers, so that he may defend himself used with a view to recommending leg­ shocking and disgraceful thing it was to properly. islation, he would be willing to help the have this man subjected to such intimi­ So, when JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER committee. However, he wanted to know dation in the very finest hour of his heard about this hearing he looked up why the subcommittee picked upon his public and private life. I was proud to the author.ities and prepared a brief for State. I should also like to know that, be sitting near JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, the committee in which he asked for a Mr. President. I know that the news­ from the great neighboring State of square deal. He told the committee that papers, the radio, and other means of Maryland, and I shall always be proud he recognized their broad powers, and communication have carried many sto­ of. it. As I said, my joy and pride in pointed out that they could mainly be ries about the campaign literature in the my position were lessened when the re­ divided into the judicial function and Maryland campaign being scurrilous, quest was made and agreed to that the the investigative function. He stated defamatory, rough, and dirty. Senator from Maryland be permitted to that if the committee proposed to oper­ Mr. President, I now digress from my take his seat "without prejudice." It ate as a court and take evidence as to manuscript to say that I wish it were meant that JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER en­ whether or not he should remain as the possible for all campaigns to be clean, tered this body with a cloud hanging duly elected ·senator from Maryland, it honest, upright, and just. I wish it were over him. As I watched the expression was a contest. If they decided that it possible for me to say that about the on his face, under this strain, I glanced was a contest, he asked them to say so, campaign in Idaho. While the subcom­ toward the gallery, where I saw not only and then to proceed according to the mittee is investigating the campaign in -the relatives to whom I have referred traditions and customs of the United Maryland, I wonder if it will not take but a host of his friends and business States Senate which have been estab­ a little trip to Idaho and look at not acquaintances. My heart bled for them lished by so many precedents. He asked one but two publications which were and for him. I will be with JOHN BUTLER that he be permitted to employ counsel. uttered· and published by my political so ·long as I remain a Member of this He asked that full specifications of the opponents. I wonder why the commit­ great body. I have known him since I charges against him be presented. He tee does not consider the fact that one have been here, and I have learned to asked that the names of the witnesses of the most distinguished Members of love and respect him. who would be called against him be given this august body came into my State It seemed to me that it was cruel and to him. However, he stated that he did headlining a campaign against HENRY unusual punishment that, standing in not think it was a contest. I do not DwoRSHAK, the great senior Senator from the Senate Chamber, this upright, in­ know of anyone who has said that it .my State, and myself. He told a wil­ t)lligent, and stalwart fighter for the was. Ex-Senator Tydings, who brought fully malicious untruth on the air against right should be forced to accept a blow the complaint against the junior Sena­ HENRY DWORSHAK. As I say, I would merely because he had won one of the tor from Maryland, has never said scr. .that all campaigns could be clean~ hon­ hardest battles in the history of elec­ In his last utterance he said: .est, sincere, and just. But let us not tions in the United States. I have not asked and do not now ask that single out . JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, of I did not realize at that time the any specific action be taken upon the evi­ Maryland, to be the whipping boy. If terrific power which ex-Senator Tydings dence. adduced. the subcommittee wish to do a little had built up during his long years of whipping, let them come to Idaho and service in this body, but I have learned Mr. President, it is obvious that if any­ whip me, or whip some of those who tried about it since my return. I have learned one were to ask for a contest, former to defeat me. more about it today. Senator Tydings was the proper person. I do not know whom those making In my absence a subcommittee of the He has not done so. He does not dare this charge thought they were fooling. Committee on Privileges· and Elections to do it, because if he should do so, he They were not fooling me, and I am called a public hearing. It was not would be trying to say that the 43,000 only a freshman-probably the most ig­ ·clear in the minds of many Members of Marylanders who voted for the junior norant freshman in the United States the Senate, and of many people of Mary­ Senator from Maryland, over and above Senate. I do not think they are fooling Jand, why this action was taken. The the number who voted for him, were the Sena.te. We all know-that the really greatest reason- for- this cenf.usion was -dopes;·or dishonest. He· knows· tha-t- he dirty; mean, scurrilous campaign litera­ that when ex-Senator Tydings publicly cannot· prove such a -thing, and -that it ture was distributed in my State, in Ohio, 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE 1657 in Florida, in Utah, and in a number of committee he cited the law for the ben­ many persons, some of them on the floor other States which r could mention. efit of those on the committee who were of the Senate, have got the idea from The material used in Maryland was mild. not lawyers. But the subcommittee also Senator Tydings' mouthings and rant­ Digressihg again from the script, let me said that it had the power to investigate ings, and from that curious segment of say that if such material had any effect as to whether there should be a contest the press which is always happy to jump upon the election of JOHN MARSHALL filed against JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER. on people like JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER, BUTLER as against Millard Tydings, it JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER and HERMAN that there is something wrong with this had an equally great effect upon my WELKER-I am HERMAN WELKER-had campaign literature. I think it is time election to this great body. The mate­ thought all along that that was what was that all of us take this thing apart from rial used in Maryland was mild as com­ being done by the swarm of investigators beginning to end, and look at it before pared with that used in Idaho. The who have been running all over Mary­ the smear campaign goes any further. Maryland material could have been cir­ land for the past 3 months. We thought Therefore, Mr. President, as a fresh­ culated at a Sunday school picnic and a pretty good , investigation had been man Senator, I think I owe an obliga­ no one would have minded. made. But the subcommittee said no; tion to my fellow freshman, Senator The whole thing, it seems to me; is they were going to have to investigate JOHNNY BUTLER, of Maryland, to present wound up in the fact that it was because further. They were going to have public this circular to the Senate this after­ Senator Tydings was defeated. It was hearings. Who do the Members of the noon, article by article and picture by not because JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER was Senate think they were going to let take picture, to prove to the Senate that it elected, or that this piece of campaign the stand as the first witness? Of course, was well authenticated, accurate, and literature was used, or that advertise­ it was none other than the man I re­ fair in any political campaign. ments appeared in the newspapers, or f erred to in the Idaho campaign as the Mr. President, the first article on page this television broadcast or the other whitewash king himself, ex-Senator Mil­ 1 of the circular is headed Tydings were made, but it was because Senator lard Tydings, of Maryland. Sponsored Lattimore Lectures on Soviet Tydings was exposed as a public servant So there was nothing else for JoHN Russia. I now ask unanimous consent who had lost the confidence of the voters MARSHALL BUTLER to do but to stand to have that article printed in the body in his great State-something that can aside and let the committee proceed of the RECORD, as my exhibit No. 1. happen to you, Mr. President, or to the with its work. There being no objection, the article speaker, or to any Member of this great In my State, Mr. President, we do not was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, body. approve of hit-and-run drivers. Last as follows: We all knew that the whitewP <:h job week we saw the master of all hit-and­ ExHIBIT 1 done by Senator Tydings helped to elect run drivers in action as Senator Millard TYDINGS SPONSORED LATTIMORE LECTURES ON each and every·one of the freshmen Sen­ Tydings rushed before the Subcommit­ SOVIET RUSSIA ators who are Members of the Senate for tee on Privileges and Elections to smear Washington's political circles are chuckling the first time. JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER and everyone else over the revelation that Senator Tydings, The people all over the country, and who helped defeat Maryland's ex-Sena­ who recently attempted to clear the Sta:te particularly in Maryland, where Senator tor and whitewash king, as I call him. Department of all taint of communism, once sponsored Owen Lattimore in a series of Tydings came from, have become tired He insulted the intelligent voters of the lectures on Communist Russia. of the so-called theory of government free State of Maryland, but could not The amazement is c:-.used by the fact tha.1:; called whitewashing or double-crossing. stand still long enough' to be cross­ Tydings, speaking .on the Senate floor July JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER was a political examined. He told the committee that 30, said: unknown, as was the present speaker, he had to go to Europe immediately for "Then we come to the case of Owen Latti­ truly a minor leaguer in a major league, 3 weeks. This curious incident hap­ more. So far as I know I never saw Mr, when he stepped into the ring with that pened on Tuesday, but according to the Lattimore in my life until he came before major leaguer, that tough, hard veteran, newspapers Senator Tydings did not the committee." Millard Tydings. He stepped into the leave LaGuardia Airport until Saturday. LATTIMORE ACCUSED ring last summer and decided to fight the I wonder whether he was in a hurry to Lattimore, who was Far East consultant for the State Department, came into the issue to the finish. get to Europe or in a hurry to get away picture when Senator McCARTHY charged Mr. President, today JOHN MARSHALL from the committee before his outra­ that he was a top Col!l'.munist spy while BUTLER is a national figure, a man known geous smears fell .fiat on their face. working with the Department. to millions of people outside his own Now that all the shouting and tumult : But Tydings gave Lattimore, along with State, a man whom many real red­ of the Tydings blast have ceased, it ap­ all other persons named before the commit­ blooded Americans are looking for guid­ pears· that the thing which irked him -tee, a clean b1ll. Then in defense of his ance in the days of emergency now and most in the campaign was a four-page committee report, Tydings said he didn't even know him. to come. circular entitled "From the Record." The records of the committee sponsoring As I view it, Mr. President, this de­ While my colleagues are viewing that the Four Off-the-Record Evenings on Rus­ feated, disgruntled whitewash expert, as circular, I hope some of · them will also sia in Washington list Tydings and his wife I have repeatedly called him in my cam­ examine the four-page, the six-page, the among the patrons and pat;-onesses of a se­ paign, has taken up a tar brush and is eight-page newspaper which was pub- ries of discussions on Russia held fn 1947. trying to smear JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER 1ished as a part of the campaign against Mrs. Tydings is the former Eleanor Pavies, so that his fight for Americanism may be .the senior Senator from Idaho [Mr. daughter of Joseph E. Davies, former am­ bassador to Russia and author of Mission besmirched. DWORSHAK] and myself in Idaho. It will 'to Moscow. Let us now return to what was going be enlightening, and will take a little of HISS ALSO SPONSOR on while I was out of town talking about all his hoopla from the record. The list of sponsors for the lectures also that great American patriot, Abraham Former Senator Tydings has screamed includes Alger Hiss, convicted perjurer, and Lincoln, who had suffered from the same and cried, whined and raged because of bis wife, and Justice Frankfurter and his kind of calumny, criticism, and mud­ some of the things which were said about wife. slinging that JOHNNY BUTLER is now suf­ him in that publication. He has even Frankfurter brought Hiss into the Govern­ fering from; gone far enough to talk about a suit for ment and was a defense witness for · Hiss JOHN MARSHALL BUTLER~ fully within criminal libel. Of course, he does not when an American jury found the latter charge anyone with criminal libel or any _guilty of lying when he denied he spied for his constitutional rights, asked the sub­ Russia. . committee of the Committee on Priv­ kind of libel. He simply insinuates that Hiss was· chairman of one of the meetings ileges and Elections if it were going to maybe the subcommittee might want to sponsored by Tydings when the subject investigate campaign literature. The do his dirty work for him. He is trying under discussion was How Russia Does Busi­ committee never answered him, but after to get the committee to smear JOHN ness. an executive session huddle it said in ef­ MARSHALL BUTLER, while he travels off to Lattimore spoke on Some Russian-Amer­ fect that the Senate was all-powerful. It Europe. ican Issues. The following expl~nation of the lectures did not have· to tell JOHN MARSHALL BUT­ Mr. President, I do not believe that on Communist Russia appears on one of LER that, nor did it have to tell that to many here have seen the campaign lit­ the programs: the junior Senator from Idaho. · The erature which has left .Mr. Tydings all "Russia, to most of us today, is simply junior Senator from Maryland already cut up and bleeding, but with an un­ an unknown. Our sincere desire to under­ knew it, and in his brief filed with the bowed head. I think, however, that stand and know the country and its people 1658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 is generally met with prejudiced or incom­ Governor. I ask my colleagues to think Mr. WELKER. Mr. Presi-dent, to re­ plete information. of that. If I have read correctly the turn to this little sheet "From the Rec­ · "'!'llese discussions, led by men with knowledge and experience in Russian affairs, publication From the Record, the Gover_; ord," let us look_ at the second story, will provide facts and information on the nor of the State of Maryland was never headed "Report omitted Lodge queries." most vitally important problem facing Amer­ mentioned in that so-called tabloid. I ask unanimous consent to introduce this icans today-Russia." There are a few other paragraphs in, into the body of the RECORD. it which are very enlightening, and I There being no objection, the matter. Mr. WELKER. This story is one commend.a reading of them to all Mem­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, which has been published many times bers of the Senate. So, Mr. President, as follows: before, and was used in my campaign I now ask unanimous consent that my EXHIBIT 3 in Idaho. It stems from the. fact that exhibit No. 2 may be printed in the body Mr. and Mrs. Millard Tydings were spon­ REPORT 0MIT1'ED LODGE QUERIES of the RECORD at this point. I wish to Senator CABOT LODGE, of Massachusetts, on sors of talks by Owen Lattimore, Ray­ have only the marked portions printed, mond Swing. and Harrison Salisbury on July 24, told the United States Senate that those which have to do with the inter­ 35 typewritten pages covering one of the most Monday, February 17, from 8:30 to 10 view with Senator Tydings. important meetings held by the Tydings p. m. I believe the year was 1948. Mr: There being no objection, the. matter committee had been deliberately omitted Tydings was also sponsor of one of 'the was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, from the record printed. for public use and meetings over which Alger Hiss pre..; as follows: presented· to the Senate by Seil,ator Tydings. This disclosure forced Tydings into having sided. EXHIBIT 2 Mr: President, I could say a lot about the 35 pages specially printed and bound as a SENATOR MILLARD E. TYDINGS, DEMQCRAT, OF separate volume known as part III. the connection of Alger Hiss with high . MARYLAND officials in the Government, but I am LODGE charged that the pages withheld going to stick to showing the Senate (By telephone between Aberdeen, Md., and from the Senate and the public by Tydings how mild and gentle the Yo·ung Demo..; Washington) "includes a long list of questions which I Question. What do you think was the basic thought the subcomnftttee should ask but crats for BUTLER were when they issued reason for the outcome in your case, Senator? this circular. which Tydings now says Which the subcommittee did not ask." Answer. The basic reason, in my judgment, "I shall hot attempt to characterize those caused him so much trouble. was that the primary campaign for the methods and the tactics of leaving out of the Of course, he has changed his tune Governorship was so bitter. that it .demoral­ printed text parts of the :testimony ,and pro­ since November 17, because on that date, ized the Democratic Party and brought ·on ceedings," .LoDGE said, "i: think they speak for the United States News and World Re­ a situation that has no parallel in Maryland themselves." (CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Volume politics, where the party was split com­ port published an interview with Sena­ 96, Part 8, page 10813.) . pletely down the middle. The fact that I tor Tydings in which he did not even ran about 50,000 votes better than the Gov­ mention the name of ·Mr. ·BUTLER or the · Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, this ernor did is indicative of what I am trying article quotes a speech made on July 24, circular entitled "From the Record," to say, but the demoralization over the whole as the cause of his defeat. He· gave then State was due to the gubernatorial primary, 1950 by the distinguished junior Senator what many persons concede was a shrewd · and that couldn't have been healed. I think from Massachusetts [Mr. LODGE]. That analysis of his failure. It was in his that was the principal factor. Everybody speech appears in the CONGRESSIONAL opinion a disintegration of his party. was the victim of it because even the at­ RECORD, Volume 96, Part· 8, page 10813. He was not the only one who thought torney· general, ,who would normally win by I do not think anyone will question the 100,000 or more, won by only about 20,000 integrity of the junior Senator from that way about it. For the best author­ and· there was no real fight on that office in ity, since he was the one who was de.:. Massachusetts or his character as a the sense that there was on the others. It . high-minded man and gentleman, or the 'teated, let me read what he told the affected everybody. world on November 17, 1950. · Mr. Pres­ Question. Had you foreseen any · of this in · fact that on that day he did make a ident, who would know more than Mil­ advance? · speech calling attention. to the fact that lard Tydings about the cause of his de­ Answer. I had seen it coming ever since the an important part of the· record of the feat?. Who would know more than Tyd­ primary. committee was deliberately omitted. Q~stion. You weren't _entirely surprised Mr. President, as I have said, I hold ings as to what, if any, effect this so­ by it, then? called tabloid had· upon him? I shall the junior Senator from Massachusetts Answer. No. Nor were some of my friends in the highest esteem. Only yesterday now quote from the issue of the United that I had talked to-the demoralization States News and World Report dated was too great to recover. when I was .preparing this material, he November 17, 1950, giving a report by Question. To what extent was the result told me he was slandered and he was telephone between Aberdeen, Md., and influenced by the fact that Senator Mc­ libeled by ex-Senator Tydings·. · Washington, D. C. The report is in ques­ CARTHY jumped into your campaign? I have departed again from the text of tion and answer form, as follows: Answer. I don't think that McCARTHY as my prepared manuscript, but I - am a person did any d_amage, but I think the thinking of the thought JOHNNY BUTLER Question. What do you think was the basic issue raised and the propaganda about it reason for the outcome in your case, Sena­ had some effect, but it would be secondary has every night when he goes home and tor? to what I have already told you. · in his mind, sees above his name, a ques­ Question. What about foreign policy' and tion mark . as to whether he is truly a This is the answer; I am quoting Sen­ military policy? servant of the people. · So, Mr. President, ator Tydings: Answer. That was too obscure to pass any while we are investigating, let us make . The basic reason, in my judgment, was sound seasoned judgment on it. It was in the investigation complete .. that the primary campaign for the governor­ and out, but never a major issue. The worst In the upper left-hand corner of the · ship was so bitter that it demoralized the thing of all was the demoralization of the Democratic Party and brought on a situa.. party by the gubernatorial primary, where first page of the publication "from the tion that has .no parallel in Maryland poli­ they fought each other so hard that both RECORD" there Is a picture of ex-Senator tics, where the party was split completely sides were exhausted and there was a lot of Tydings. I do not think he has any in­ down the middle. The fact that I ran about terrible bitterness. tention of denying that this is his pic­ 50,0-00 votes better than the Governor did Question. Did you feel there was any re­ ture; and if it is scurrilous or defama­ is indicative of what I am trying to say, but sentment particularly around the State on tory, it is his fault. the demoralization over the whole State the question of the Korean war and admin­ was due to the gubernatorial primary, and istration foreign policy? Across the page is an editorial which, that couldn't have been healed. I think Answer. I suppose that had some effect. It I should say is a very mild editorial. I that was the principal factQr. Everybody was minor, too. should say it is a true statement of fact. was the victim of it because even the attor­ Question. How about the Fair Deal pro· I s~e that ex-Senator Tydings did not ney general, who would normally win by gram? mention this editorial in his tirade be­ 100,000 or more, won by only about 20,000 Answer. All of those things were obscured fore the committee, so I guess even he and there was no real fight on that office in behind the demoralization that resulted admits that there was nothing the mat­ the sense that there was on the others. It from the primary. ·If we had had a united ter with it. I think it is good, but not affected everybody. party to go into the general election with. the result would have been entirely different, strong enough. I think I used much Mr. President, think of that. Sena­ in my judgment. The party was split wide stronger language against him in Idaho. tor Tydings ran nearly 50,000 votes open, and continued split in many places Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ ahead of the Democratic candidate for right up to the end. sent to have printed at this point in the 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1659 body of the RECORD my exhibits num. to inv.estigate the State Department now has that elected the present speaker .and all bered 4 and 5. been proven conclusively in the CoNGRES• the other new Senators on my side of the There being no objection, the exhibits SIONAL RECORD. The CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ls the official aisle. This story is a factual account, were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, report of all proceedings in the Senate and taken from the CON3RESSIONAL RECORD, of as follows: House of Representatives of the United the history of the failure of Senator Tyd. EXliIBITS 4 AND 5 States. · ings to carry out the directions of the AN EDITORIAL M'CARTHY BROUGHT CHARGES Senate in the investigation of Commu. Ser.ator Millard E. Tydings, running for re­ The official history of Tydings' failure nistic inftltratiC'n into the State Depart· election on the Democratic ticket, was or­ shows that on February 20, 1950, Senator JOE ment. This is another article whose dered by the United States Senate at its last McCARTHY, Republican, of Wisconsin, truth Senator Tydings did not challenge session to investigate disloyalty in the State charged on the floor of the Senate that he in his outburst before taking off for good Department. He refused to carry out that had evidence indicating tha. ~ Communists old London. order. Here's the story: and Communist sympathizers were employed At the bottom of the page in the right­ Tydings was given the order after Senator in the United &tates Government. McCARTHY, of Wisconsin, told the Senate he He told the Senate that the Government's hand corner is a cartoon "Greatest Show had information to the effect that the Stat e own files in the FBI, Army Intelligence, Navy on Earth," a reprint from the Cincinnati Department was overrun by spies and Com­ Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency, Enquirer. I do not remember ever hear. munist sympathizers. McCARTHY said he Secret Service, Civil Service, United States ing that Tydings "beefed" about the car­ could give the Senate leads in a number of loyalty boards, and the State Department toon when it was originally printed. · I cases that the Senate could prove in final would bear out the charges. cannot see why he should talk about it fo!°m by digging into Government files. And The Senate 2 days later, February 22, by a on that basis, the Senate directed its Foreign now because it was reprinted. I have unanimous vote ordered its Committee on seen a great many cartoons in my time. Relations Committee to find out who is--or Foreign Relations to make an immediate had ever been-a disloyal State Department investigation. I think they are a great American -insti­ employee. tution, and I believe we all appreciate Instead of carrying out Senate orders, Tyd­ SENATE RECOGNIZED DANGER their value in the great American scene. ings, chairman of the inquiry subcommittee, The exact words of the Senate's directive I understand that cartoons cannot be playe•_ the Truman-Pendergast line of ward­ show plainly it recognized the utter collapse printed in the RECORD, so I shall not ask heeling politics. He attacked McCARTHY. of State Department security. He hampered t'.1e search of the files. He The United States Senate order read: that this cartoon, which I have marked white-washed every person named by Mc­ "Resolved, That the Senate Committee on "Exhibit 7" be included in my remarks, CARTHY. Foreign Relations, or any duly authorized but I suggest that Senators examine it. He deliberately disobeyed the order of the subcommittee thereof, is authorized and di­

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1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 13G5 Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, will St. Joseph, Mo., Salinas, Calif., men from Mr. CHAVEZ. That is correct. I do the Senator yield? North Carolina and South Carolina, and not . believe the Senator was present Mr. CHAVEZ. I yield. every other State of the Union, includ­ earlier today when I differentiated be­ Mr. MAGNUSON. I may say for the ing Colorado. tween the claim of a businessman and benefit of the Senate that all we are giv­ So, Mr. President, I ask unanimous the claim of a soldier. As the Senator ing these young men is the amount of consent to introduce the joint resolu­ infers, the businessman must l:::e pro­ pay which they would get normally as tion, and I ask for its immediate con­ tected. He will have to make the state­ prisoners of war under the international sideration. ment "I was raided by the Japs. They treaty, which is $1 a day to compensate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there raided and burned my business estab­ for the malnutrition and abuses they en­ objection? lishment," or "they stole so much dured. There being no objection, the joint money." All that is necessary for the Many of these youngsters are wan­ resolution dence, that both Senators from a State undeJo'taken in an eif ort "to increase proceed to make such findings. should celebrate their birthdays on the our skin in 'predicting :Politburo be­ Mr. CHAVEZ. Mar- I make the point same day, (Applause.] havior." Dr. Leites has taken from ihe clear to t:fte Senator? -Mr. MCPARLAND. Mr. President, I master writings specific rules which the Mr. THYE. The Senator from New was not aware that this is also the birth· Bolsheviks believe to be neee.ssary for Mexfco has made tt clear by his acknowl­ day of my good friend, the sentor Senator efi.ective political conduct and he has edgment that the joint resolution does from Nebraska and, of course, I desire to s-et down those rules for which e,-yidence not change the pro-visions ·of the existing exterui to him also my sincere felicita­ has so far been :found- act. tions. Today is certainly a great day far Mr. President I think this article and Mr. CHAVEZ. I want to see payment Nebra.ska. the book upon which it fs based are of made to the business man who suffered Mr. BUTLER. Mr. President, will the vital importance. , loss. I want to see payment made ~ to Senator yield? Here,. in the iaDguage of the men who ciVilians, who have justtfia:b-le claims. Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. are _iespon.siole :fo.r Communist. strategy But before that I want ta see prmnpt ac­ Mr. BUTLER. Of course, I appreciate and . tactics is a blueprint of their de­ tion taken in connection With American the :tind words that have been said., but sign. boys who were prisoners of war. What I think if I am entitled to any credit In the 1930's we had Hitler's Mein we do in this: respect wm make good whatsoever it is for helping t€> bring my Kampf. In that book Hitler spelled out reading. rt will sh.ow what we can do junior· eoUe-ag-r.ie to the Senate of the his design, although tbe world did no-t by way of humanitarian aetion. The United States. sufficiently heed it. lf it had heeded it, boys who were taken prisoner in the Mr. WHERRY subsequently said~ Mr. the world today would be diflerent~ PhilippineS' were subjected to cruel President, earHer in the day tile distin­ Now, in ihe striking !arm ot a cate­ treatment. guished majority leader CMr. MCFAR­ chism, we have the blueprint of Commu­ Mr. TH.YE. As the Senator from LAND] called attention to the fact that nist actioD. Its detail 1s' not rui prec-ise New Mexico so well :remembers, the boys the distinguished senior senator from ·as that of Me:in Kampf. , It requires of a Mimiesota company su1lend as Nebra*a and the junior senator from special b.tterpreta·i.ion. But the im:por­ much as did any of the other .American Nebraska were celebrating their birth­ ta.ni thing is tbat here is ·mt~ so tbat soldiers who were takell prisoners. The days, and he extended congl'atulations. even he who runs may read, the eom­ Senator irom New Mexico bas answered Since he made tile statement J: have tried munist design .and its method my queation. No greater expense will be to obtain the floor to acc-ept With heart­ I shall not swnma1ize the article be- imposed upon the Government in the felt thanks his congratulations. I should , cause I believe it and the book upon administration of the jomt :resolutie>n like to do S<> now; and I ask unanimous Which ft is based deserve to be read by than p:rovided by the aet. consent that my statement follow the re­ an of u.s. It gives a picture Of a para­ Mr. CHAVEZ. That is true. marks made by the distinguished major­ noiac, Communist mo'Vemeni which does Mr. THYE. The Senator from New ity leader reJative to the birthday annt­ not know the meaning Of compromise Mexico is entirely oor:rect. in his state­ versa:ry. or a middle ground; which bas no moral­ ment that many of the former prison­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ity except the morality wbieh says ers of war may not even be aware that objection, it iS' so ordered. "Whatever will increase the party's Congress has enacted such legislation. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, I :power"-meaning the - COn!:!D-Unist Unless we place the responsibility upon should Jfke to say to the Majority Leader Party's power-"must be done, whatever the Commission to find the soldier who that I very much appreciate what he wm decrease the partY's power"-also was taken prisoner, and to see that he said. I think he came to the Senate fn meaning the Communist Party's power­ is compensated in accordance with the 1940, 2 years earlier than I came here. "must be avoided." It is a manual of act, the soldier may never receive the It so happened that the first vote which treachery, deceit and brutality. money to which he is entitled. I cast on a legislative measure was on It trnces a pattern of relentless, ruth­ Mr. CHAVEZ. There were 3,600 a bill which he introduced and debated less adVanee for the Communist Party; soldiers from my State. Almost any one on the fioor of the Senate. He con· but it is also a pattern Of cautious ad­ of those soldiers would know all the rest vinced me, and I voted for his measure. vance, because "the central crucial task by their first names, and they could I have followed him many times since of the party is to preserve power," and easily be accounted for. then, and many times I have disagreed therefore ''the party must neveT jeopar­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there With hfm. I know that the task which dize power for tbe sake a! uncertain objection to the present consideration of he has undertaken is terrific. I wish further advances." "RecklesS' or pre­ the joint resolutio::? him well, and I hope that all of us will mature advances are a form of adven­ There being no objection, the resolu­ give him our utmost cooperation. I shall turism which is exceedingly dangerous." tion Soviet Union or Rosten, the author of the Look article. . history ever wielded such might, or wielded "Socialist encirclement" of capitalist na­ He says that from this study: it so skillfully, so implacably and so ruth­ tions. There are no other possibilities. , There is no other choice. We can learn to look at the Russians with­ lessly. And it is precisely this grou~its motivations, its goals, the risks it is willing 5. Until the final issue (between capitalism out panic. • We can realize that and communism) is decided, the state of the Politburo is the prisoner, no less than to run, the price it is willing to pay-which has too long remained what Winston partial war will continue.-Lenin. the master, of its operational code. Churchill called "a riddle wrapped in a 6. The party is prepared "to make a thou­ That, it seems to me, Mr. President, mystery inside an enigma." sand attempts" to gain its ends; "having is one of the most encouraging and hope­ On March 5, a book which offers some strik­ made a thousand attempts we shall go on ing answers to the riddle will be published to the next attempt. They may beat us a ful notes that we have .heard in some by McGraw-Hill. The book, a research mono­ hundred times, but the hundred and first time. It emphasizes again that we do graph of only 100 pages, is entitled "The time we shall beat them all."-Lenin. have something to look to as a guide in Operational Code of the Politburo." It is II. THE ENEMY tracing or predicting our antagonist's exactly what its name implies-a handbook l .' Any group which is not controlled by course, just as we had a similar oppor­ of Communist political strategy, a c~talog tunity in Mein Kampf. of the assumptions, methods, and goals by the party is an enemy. There are no really which the men in the Kremlin are governed, neutral groups. There is no middle ground. To be , fore warned is to be fore­ "There is no such thing, nor can there be."-· armed-in this case, forearmed with whether they realize it or not. The Operational Code of the Politburo was Stalin. knowledge which not only will better written by Nathan Leites, who is on the 2. The party ·must never disarm, because· prepare us but also will enable us to de­ staff of the Rand Corp. and is a visiting lec­ the enemy will try to crush the Soviet Union f eat the panic, the hasty and ill-con­ turer at Yale. The Rand Corp., a nonprofit . again and again. "They will go on from ceived preparations that are spawned of organization, conducts a broad program of one form of attack to other, sharper forms ignorance and foggy facts. This is of research in the physical and social sciences, · of attack."-Stalin. "All classes doomed by utmost importance because panic and chiefly under contract to the United States history act this way."-Lenin. ill-advised action on our own part can do Air Force . . The Operational Code of the Po­ 3. The .only safe enemy is one whose power litburo was submitted to the Air Force as a has been completely destroyed, not just de­ more damage to us than any enemy can. progress report in a continuing investigation feated. Lenin: "The French Revolution So, Mr. President, I ask unanimous of Soviet political strategy. It made a prompt (was) great precisely because it· was a busi­ consent to have the entire article printed and powerful impression on certain groups nesslike revolution which, having overthrown at this point in the body of the RECORD. in Washington. It deser\7ed to. It is the the monarchists, annihilated them." The PRESIDING OFFICER f capitalism and communism. ity which serves this struggle." though everyone knows lies are being used. 3. The odds are very high that the men 2. Any technique--from giving a reception 3. Threats, abuse, invective are forms of in the Kremlin will not start a general war, to giving poison-must be considered. Every pressure. They will be used when it is ex­ for three reasons: They are extremely care­ weapon must be used. pedient to put pressure on the enemy. ful about risking their power; they are ob­ 3. The party employs simultaneous' tech­ 4. The enemy will not alter his plans sessed by the fear of being provoked 0r niques which others consider inconsistent simply because violent language has been tricked into premature adventures; they or incompatible. The party acts legally and used. Lenin: "Only people who confuse poli­ are willing to bide theii time indefinitely. illegally, openly and secretly, using treaties tics with cheap political tricks can believe 4. The Politburo would attack us only if and subversion. that the 'tone' of a polemic is capable of convinced that we were actually about to _ 4. The party must be ready to change its preventing a real political alliance." attack it. line sharply and suddenly, with no concern 5. If verbal hostility makes the enemy Dr. Leites makes no recommendations to for the prejudices and memories of what was angry, that proves that the· party's strategy the United States Government concerning . yesterday. Consistency is of no importance. was correct. A friendly reaction from the the present crisis, but striking inferences Lenin: "If I pursue an enemy who does not enemy would prove that a policy pleases the can be drawn 'from his analysis. The hard move in a straight line but zigzags, .then I enemy and must therefore be weak or in­ political facts since 1945 show that when­ too must zigzag in order to reach him." correct. Stalin: "The enemies curse the GPU. ever we confronted the Russians with pow­ 5. Passivity is dangerous. Only through Hence, it follow:; that the GPU is doing the er-and made it clear that we were prepared strenuous, relentless, pitiless action can the right thing." to use that power against them-they party gain its goals. 6. An attack by the enemy must be recog­ nized at its earliest beginning. Even the stopped, backed down, or retreated. When 6. No factor is too small to be considered. we made it clealf that we would resist an The Communist is obliged, as a tactical prin­ most minor slight must not go unchal­ lenged. advance by the Russian Army beyond its ciple of Leninism, to exploit even the small­ 1945 positions, the Kremlin stopped sho:·t. est, temporary, unstable, unreliable factors. 7. The Bolshevik meets an accusation not by a denial but by a counteraccusation. It When the Politburo believed that the west "We must not renounce any drop which hol­ would resist a Communist seizure of power lows out the stone." is our habit to reply to attacks not by defense but by counterattacks. in France or Italy, the Politburo limited its · V. AGREEMENTS immediate objectives. In Berlin, in Greece, 1. Coming to an agreement or using vio­ VIII. PRINCIPLES OF ADVANCE in Iran, we ·stopped the Russians-because· lence are both tactics in the over-all strat­ 1. The party must advance whenever pos­ we convinced th.em that further advances · egy. Any agreement between the party and sible, wherever possible, and by whatever could lead to open war. This is a lesson an outside group must be regarded as aiding means (political, economic, military). which we must now have the sense to act the future liquidation of that group. Lenin: 2. There is no real neutral zone or no­ upon. "The concessions which we grant are the man's land; political or geographic. If the The clearest implication of the opera- · continuation of war in another form. It party does not occupy a no-man's land, the tional code is surprisingly simple. The Rus­ would be a great mistake to believe that a enemy will. sians are unwilling to go too far. And we peaceful agreement about concessions is a 3. Strength must always be used to the must find ways of making them understand, peaceful agreement with capitalists. This utmost. Power mu.st be pushed to the farth­ as clearly and unmistakably as possible, just agreement is equivalent to war." est possible limit on every occasion. It how far too far is. 2. Agreements do not represent a change is less of a mistake to apply too much The Russians are not drunk with power. in the enemy's real goals. It is impossible pressure than too little. They will not act recklessly -or hysterically. to persuade the enemy really to reduce his· 4. The party must never jeopardize power Their vituperation and abuse are not dan­ enmity. for the sake of uncertain further advances. gerous. They do not threaten because they 3. The party expects outside groups to vio­ Reckless or premature advances are a form are enraged-but because they think it ex­ late their agreements. Lenin: "One must of adventurism which is exceedingly dan­ pedient to threaten and effective to act en­ absolutely not hope that the capitalists will gerous. raged. They do not practic3 politics by de­ fulfill the agreement. We do not believe in 5. The enemy will try to trick or provoke corum. (They came to terms with Nazi· promises.'' the party into untimely or risky advances. Germany and Japan.) They do not make 4. The enemy uses agreements as part of· The party must always be on guard against agreements because they want to cooperate his strategy of deception. "The slogan of this. or intend to shift their political goals. For · the Marxist is not to believe in words. Only 6. Even a major advance does not justify 8:11 their bluster and their diatribes, the Rus­ fools believe in mere words." , lowering the guard. To relax will bring dis­ sians are supreme realists, supremely con­ ~· Even small requests . must be firmly aster. The party, dizzy with success, must cerned with the calculated risks of politics. resisted; they are part of the enemy's larger guard against complacency, which may cause They .acquiesce when it is imperative or ex­ design. · it to attempt adventurist advances. pedient to do so. The Politburo -will pay 6. The party must be ready to make use· 7. The moment it is clear that a frontal almost any price to avoid placing its power . of even the most hostile or unreliable sources· attack has failed (politically or militarily) in jeopardy. of support. "Only those who have no reliance the party must shift to a detour or a siege. In this sense, the extraordinary Soviet suc­ cesses since 1945 have been the direct result in themselves can fear to enter into tem­ IX. PRINCIPLES OF RETREAT porary alliances with unreliable people." of our behavior.- Our weakness forced the 1. The party _must be prepared to stop at Russians to use their strength, according to VI. THE CONTROL OF FEELINGS any moment. Feelings of false pride must the internal necessities of their thought. 1. The Communist· must have complete never keep the party from executing an ex­ Our indecision made the Russians go for­ control over his feelings. All his political pedient stop or retreat. Lenin: "If you are ward, to the farthest point possible, up :to activity is part of "a most cold-blooded war." not inclined to crawl in the mud on your the point beyond which they thought ad­ 2. To put political questions on an emo­ belly, you are not a revolutionary but a chat­ vance .might mean war. tional or "sentimental" basis is to court dis­ terbox." We must expect the Politburo to keep put­ aster. "Replacing abjective analysis by feel­ 2. In retreating, every point (J?Olitical or ting pressure on us, to make extreme de­ ing" threatens catastrophe. geographic) must be contested as long a.s mands and sudden shifts, to wage an end­ 3 Th.!'l Bolshevik must not allow himself to possible, as intensely as possible. less "war of nerves." We ·must realize that feel insulted; he must not act out of feelings. 3. The central, crucial task for the party is the men in the Kremlin are convinced that. of offense. But he will pretend to be in­ to preserve power. As long as the party pre­ "there's no harm in trying," and have n1ade sulted or injured when that is expedient. serves power, it remains in a position to enormous gains just that way. We must ex­ 4. The Bolshevik is not deterred by launch successful counteroffensives in the pect the Politb~o to push Russian power squeamishness from performing distaste­ future. Lenin: "We shall make every possi­ outward at all times, like a flood of lava, fill­ ful tasks (e. g., strikebreaking, purges, etc.). ble concession within the limits of retain­ ing every possible space, stopping only when Lenin: "We have no time for sentiment." ing power." 1t meets a fl.rm barrier. 5. The Bolshevik must be neither indig•. This, then, ls the code under which the. We have underestimated the degree to nant nor suprised by enemy attacks; the Politburo operates. Dr. Leites applies it to which we can influence the conduct of the party must always expect the worst. Stalin.: some of the crises which have harassed· the Kremlin. For the Politburo responda to 1951 .. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1669 power-not words or good will or pleas or public of January 29, 1951, entitled vessels they had; after disabling it for com­ protestations or promises-but power, ap­ "The President's Power," by Prof. mitting further hostilit~es, liberated it with plied at the appropriate place· and time. The its crew. He wished, he said, to have Con­ Russians will respond to pressure, probably Edward S. Corwin, formerly of the fac .. ulty of Princeton University. Professor gress, who exclusively had the power, to con­ only to extreme pressure. They resist, protest, sider whether it would not be well to au­ accuse, lie, deny, threaten-to the last' pos­ Corwin, a noted authority on constitu .. thorize measures of offense. Hamilton ex­ sible moment, yielding not a single point or tional law, and the author of many pressed great contempt for Jefferson's word or comma. Then they acquiesce-and works in this field, taught at Princeton scruples, but that does not alter the record suddenly. They capitulate when they are University for 40 years, and has been to which appeal has been made. convinced that there is no other expedient. professor emeritus • of jurisprudence As to the cases in which " A~L'lerican Presi­ This the record proves. dents have repeatedly committed armed We must m ake it perfectly clear to the there since 1946. He has held several posts in the Federal Government, chiefly forces abroad" without "congressional con­ Russians that they cannot infer our future sultation or approval," the vast majority act ions from our past record. Our long effort in .the Department of Justice. I think in..-olved fi ghts with pirates, landings of small to do almost anything which would ·•prove today he can be looked upon as one of naval contingents on barbarous or semibar­ our good will"-that effort has just about the leading authorities on the constitu­ barous coasts, the dispatch of small bodies run its course. The well of American pa­ tional powers of the President. His of troops to chase bandits or cattle rustlers tience-accepting defiance; abuse, intran­ across the Mexican border, and the like. sigence-is rapidly running dry. We must article, therefore, it seems to me, . has especial relevancy at the present time Except for Polk's deliberate precipitation of m ake it perfectly clear to the Russians that war with Mexico in 1846 and a few cases oc­ there is a line which, if crossed, can mean when we are discussing the respective curring in the Caribbean area since 1902, they war-n ot diplomatic tantrums or chastise­ powers of the President and Congress in exhibit a uniform pattern of measures un­ ments or resolutions but war. We must have connection with the program to. send dertaken for the protection of American lives t h e power to wage war, not because we want ground troops to Europe. and property aganist impending or actual to wage war but because our ability to do so, violence or for punishment of such violence. t ogether with the Kremlin's awareness of our There being no objection, the article Such episodes are small compared with Tru­ det erminat ion to do so, under clearly defined was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, man's claim of power to put an indefinite circumstances, is our greatest single guar­ as follows: nu'mber of troops in Europe fo-· an indefinite anty of peace. [From New Republic of January 29, 1951] time in anticipation of war, without con­ I n Korea, we at no time told the Kremlin, sulting Congress.2 either directly or through the Chinese, ex­ THE PRESIDENT' S POWER The power of Congress over the employ­ actly how far we were prepared to let them (By Edward S. Corwin) ment of the ArmPd Forces was repeatedly go. We h ave, on the contrary, given them When, in 1800, President Adams signed recognized in early legislation. The Presi­ every assurance that· we are fearful of pro­ a deed conveying property to his great and dent's power to call forth the militia stems voking them. Is it surprising that the Com­ good friend, the Queen of Portugal, for a immediately from the act of February 28, munists have been pushing forward, probably legation in the Federal city, he was informed 1795; and I should like to inform Professor f ar beyond their original h opes or intentions, by his Attorney General that only Congress Commanger 3 that it was this act and not in a persistent effort to find out how far we had the constitutional power to dispose of the Constitution. which "the magisterial will let them go? public property. When, 140 years later, story" was constr.uing in the case of Martin Th e great danger of Korea is that it may President Franklin Roosevelt handed over 50 v. Mott (12 Wheat. 19; 1827); also, tne Presi­ encourage the Kremlin to believe that similar naval units to Great Britain in return for dent's power to employ the Armed Forces advances in ot her parts of the globe (Yugo­ leases of some west Atlantic naval bases, he to suppress insurrections and enforce the slavia, say) can be made without pre"cipitat­ was told by his Attorney General, now a law rests on the act of March 8, 1807. For­ ing war against the Soviet Union itself. member of the Supreme Court, that he was mal declarations of war by Congress have al­ We can learn to look at the Russians with­ entirely within his rights, that his power to ways included a clause "authorizing" and out panic. We can regard them not simply dispose the forces of the United States in­ "directing" the employment of the forces to as a threat but as a prbblem-and as a people cluded the power to dispose of them. These support the declaration, and it may be re- 1 we are skilled in handling problems. We can two episodes stand at either end of a course membered that the Conscription Act of Sep­ realize that the Politburo is the prisoner, of constitutional development, practical and tember 1940 specifically provided that the n o less than the master, of its operational polemical, which ascribes to the President a forces to be conscripted would not be sent cede. For the men ~ n the Kremlin are ap­ truly royal prerogative in the field of foreign abroad without the consent of Congress. p arently haunted by the specter of our power relations, and does so without indicating any When we were precipitated into the war by and our cunning. They are driven by the correlative legal or constitutional control to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, this idea that they must not risk their position which he is answerable. consent was given. It is also pertinent to recltlessly or adventurously. They are · Indeed, our high-flying prerogative men recall that when President Wilson landed fearful of being provoked into a general appear to resent the very idea that the only troops at Vera Cruz on April 21, 1914, he con­ war. In one sense, they have been trying possible source of such control, Congress to sulted Congress, which approved his action desperately to get us to tell them what they wit, h as any effective power in the premises the following day; and President Franklin must not try to get away with. at all. Thus when Mr. TAFT in his speech Roosevelt's "utmost sympathy" message to The choice is no longer between the black of January 5 asserted that President Truman France, June 14, 1940, contained the caveat cf war and the white of peace. There is the "had no authority to commit American that "these statements carry no implication gray alternative-stabilized tension, the troops to Korea without consulting Con­ o~ military commitments. Only Congress equilibrium of hostile but counterpoised gress and without congressional approval," . can make such commitments." forces. Only the strong can be free, said and that he "has no power to agree to send · Besides, the Constitution does not consist Wendell Willkie; today, prolonged. peace ls American troops to fight in Europe in a war primarily of precedents but of principles with possible through the strategic application between members of the Atlantic Pact and which preced"nts, to be valid, must be of our strength. We must learn to live in Soviet Russia," one of the aforesaid high­ squared. The administration's interpretatiou a state of armed truce and in a condition prerogative 'spokesmen declared that "his of the precedents which illustrate routine ac­ of armed alert. [TAFT's] statements are demonstrably irre­ tivities of the Executive Departments upsets We must, finally, alter the axiom of Theo­ sponsible." The public "is entitled to know the most fundamental principle of the Con­ dore Roosevelt to fit the exigencies of our what provisions of the law or of the Con­ stitution, the balance between the depart­ time and the nature of our adversary: ."Speak stitution have been violated by President ments. It distorts the Constitution. bluntly and carry a big stick." For not the Truman in sending troops overseas. From The fact that a certain power is ascribable lflast striking lesson we can learn from the the day that President Jefferson ordered to· the President does not prove that Congress Politburo's code is that the Russians be­ Commodore Dale and two-thirds· of the possesses no power whereby Presidential em­ lieve us only when we speak the naked lan­ American Navy into the Mediterranean to ployment of it may be brought under control guage of power, expressing that harsh an­ repel the Barbary pirates, American Presi­ and direction. This precise question was taj?;onism to their purposes which they ex·pect dents have repeatedly committed American involved in the case of Little v. Barreme of us, when-in the phrase they use over . Armed Forces abroad without prior congres­ ( 2 ·Cr. 170, 177; 1804) . There Chief Justice and over-we at last . "drop the mask of sional consultation or approval." 1 Marshall, speaking with reference to the friendship" and practice the politics of power The proffered demonstration is inconclu­ seizure of a vessel under the act of February as the times and the enemy demand it. 9, 1809, suspending intercourse with France, sive at best. Jefferson, in reporting his said: THE PRESIDENT'.S POWER action to Congress, explained that he had been carefUI to authorize only self-defensive "It is by no means clear that the President of the United States whose high duty it is Mr. SMITH of New Jersey. Mr. Pres .. measures on the part of our forces, and that ident, I ask unanimous consent to have when they had captured one of the pirate 2 Qn this paragraph see James Grafton printed in the body of the RECORD, in Rogers,- World Policing and the Constitution. connection. with these ·remarks, an 1 Arthur S::hlesinger, Jr., in the New York 3 See his article in the New York Times a~tic,le ' whfoh app~arect ·· in the New . Re• Times,~January 9, 1951.. magazine section, January 14, 1951 .. . 1670 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 2S to 'take care that the laws be faithfully If it is an indictmen· of the Senate for its report to the Committee on Rules executed,' and who is Commander in Chief its failure to have rules definitely laylng and Administration. of the armies and navies of the United down the means for the institution of States, might not, without any special au­ Pursuant to that policy, we examined thority for that purpose, in the then exist­ contests for seats in the Senate, the Sen­ many complaints. I do not remember ir-g state of things, have empowered the offi­ ator's indictment was well founded, be­ now how many there were; perhaps the cers commanding the armed vessels of the cause there are no such rules in the Senator from Kansas· [Mr. ScHOEPPEL] United States, to seize and send into port for Senate. will remember. At any rate, I do not adjudication, American vessels which were If his purpose was to . indict the now remember the exact total. Many forfeited by being engaged in this illicit com­ Eighty-first Congress for the action of them we rejected as lacking appar­ merce." which was taken and the debate which ent merit. On several of them we acted, The Court held, nevertheless, that since was had on the floor of the Senate rela­ sending our representatives into. Idaho, Congress had acted in the matter the Presi­ dent was bound to follow its directions and tive to the Tydings and McCARTHY epi­ Ohio, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, that the seizure had been illegal. sode, that is also beside the point, for South Carolina, Kentucky, New York, While the shadowy line that separates con­ that issue was tried at the polls, and per­ Nevada, and Maryland, as I recall. They, gressional power when raising an army and haps will be tried at the polls again. in turn, made their reports to us. We creating a navy or air force to specify the However, if the Senator's purpose was evaluated the reports, and they are in purposes for which they may be employed to indict the Senate Committee on Rules the files, awaiting such time as we may and the President's right to dispose the and Administration and its subcommit­ file a consolidated report with the Com­ forces thus brought into existence has come tee on Privileges ~md Elections, that is a mittee on Rules and Administration, so to be drawn in the course of the years inside matter t_o which I feel that I must reply. that it may make its report to the Sen­ what was once deemed to be legislative do­ main, yet ·there are conceded to be other It is incumbent upon me to do so; it• is ate. powers of Congress which are constitution­ my duty to do so, because such an in­ We have carefully avoided, so far as ally unlimited and Congress' use of which is dictment is wholly, totally, and inex­ possible, the element of undue public­ capable of upsetting the presidential apple­ cusably unfair. ity. Unfortunately, because of the en­ cart at any time. Congress can refuse to Formerly, before the passage of the terprise of certain of the very able rep. raise armies and navies at all, to borrow Congressional Reorganization Act, the resentatives of the press and radio, we money, to levy taxes, to make appropriations. Congress from time to time, under its . were not always able to do that, but so It can abrogate "so far as the people and . constitutional obligation to be the judge far as we could, we have tried to con­ authorities of the United States are con­ cerned" any treaty to which the United of the qualification and election of its duct our work in an atmosphere of pri­ States is a party, and has repealed a con­ Members, created special committees in vacy, with the interests of the Senate, siderable number in wJ:?-ole or in part. (La connection with senatorial campaigns. representing the interests of the United Abro Si lver Mining Co. v. U.S. (175 U.S. 423, After the passage of the Reorganization States, at heart. 460 [ 1899] , citing cases) . ) Act, the Committee on Rules and Ad­ Following the election of last year, our What then is the answer? Futile and em­ ministration, composed of 13 members, representatives undertook to investigate bittered d~bate between the holders of pow­ had lodged in it the constitutional re­ charges of the circulation of defamatory ers that must be exercised in close coopera­ sponsibility of determining the election literature, and certain questions as to tion if at all, or a decent consultation and campaign contributions in Pennsylvania accommodation of views between the two and qualification of the Members of the departments of government concerned? Senate. In compliance with that re­ and Maryland. They had not completed And surely, it is paradoxical in the extreme sponsibility and in accordance with and their investigation at the first of the to reduce the legislative organ of government in pursuit of its duties, the esteemed year. After the first of the year, the to the level of a mere rubber stamp of · chairman of the Committee on Rules able Senator from Kansas was moved policies the professed purpose of which is and Administration, the Senator from to another committee,·and remained no the preservation of free institutions. Either Arizona [Mr. HAYDEN], appointed a sub­ longer as a member of the Committee lthe Brussels Agreement should be formally on Rules and Administration, as was committee on privileges and elections. submitted to the Senate for approval by a During the last ¥ear that subcommittee also true in the case of the Senator from constitutional two-thirds majority, or some­ Mississippi [Mr. STENNIS]. That left the thing akin to Coudert's resolution should be was composed of the very able Senator adopted. Our foreign policy has been elabo­ from Kansas [Mr. SCHOEPPEL], the present speaker as the only member of rated in a political, and at times an intel­ equally able Senator from Mississippi the subcommittee. lectual, vacuum long enough. [Mr. STENNIS], and the far from able The Committee on Rules and Admin­ istration, through its chairman, the Sen­ THE MARYLAND SENATORIAL ELECTION Senator from Iowa who now is speaking, who served as chairman of the subcom­ ator from Arizona, after the first· of the Mr. GILLETTE. . Mr. President, I ask mittee. year, and following the assignment of unanimous consent to comment .very As Senators will note, that subcom­ new members to the committee, at my briefly on the address which was given mittee was composed of two Democrats request, enlarged the membership to five, to the Senate this afternoon by the jun­ and one Republican. The subcommittee and appointed ·as members to that sub­ ior Senator from Idaho [Mr. WELKER]. met. After consultation, the subcom­ committee, along with me, the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without mittee outlined very carefully its pol­ from Oklahoma [Mr. .MoNRONEY], a objection, the Senator from Iowa may icies and its attitude toward complaints Democrat; the Senator from Missouri proceed. which might be lodged with it and to­ [Mr. HENNINGS], a Democrat; the Sena- Mr. GILLETrE. I listened with sur­ ward those which it might be anticipated tor from Maine [Mrs. SMITH], a Repub­ prise to the somewhat astonishing and would come before it. lican; and the Senator from New Jer­ very inexplicable address the Senator The first and foremost decision of the sey [Mr. HENDRICKSON],, a Republican. from Idaho delivered, trying in my own suQcommittee was that no action would These members were new; they did not mind to determine the purpose of the be partisan in the slightest degree. I am · know what had taken place; and, at our discussion at this time. I could not de­ happy to say now that during the entire first meeting, we discussed the rules and termine whether the purpose was an in­ time the subcommittee has been in ex­ the purposes of the subcommittee. dictment of former Senator Tydings. If istence, there has not been the remotest I informed them as best I could of that was the purpose, this is neither the suggestion by any Members as to a course tne pending business. I infarmed them forum nor the time for any such discus­ of action, a policy, or a determination that the Senator from Mississippi [Mr. sion, and some questions might be raised which was actuated in the slightest de­ STENNIS] and the Senator from Kansas as to the sportsmanship of such an at­ gree by partisanship. [Mr. ScHOEPPEL] had already conducted, tack on former Senator Tydings, when It was also determined as a matter of in part, public hearings in Pennsylvania, he is not in a position to answer it. policy that any complaint coming from and that the Maryland matter was still If the address was intended as an in­ a responsible source and lodged with the pending. It was determined by the new dictment of the majority leadership in subcommittee would receive serious and subcommittee of five that it would com­ taking the action it took at the outset of careful consideration; and if it had ap­ plete as quickly as possible these inves­ the present session of Congress, again I parent merit, and if the subcommittee tigations, and would complete the public say this is neither the time nor the place so decided, we would order our investi­ hearings in Pennsylvania, and it ordered to do so; and it not only is a waste of the gators to develop the facts and report public hearings relative to the com­ Senator's time, but also is a waste of the them to the subcommittee for such ac­ plaints in Maryland. At the request of time of the Senate itself. tion as it might wish to take in making the subcommittee, I appointed the Sena- I. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL :RECORD-SENATE 1671 tor from Missouri [Mr. HENNINGS] and thought or any other suggestion of atti­ made here this afternoon, but it occurs the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. HEN­ tude, I should resign from the commit­ to me that probably the junior Senator DRICKSON] to complete the work in Penn­ tee tomorrow. from Maryland and the junior Senator sylvania. I appointed the Senator from I think no good purpose can be served, from Idaho were bothered by the fact Oldahoma [Mr. MONRONEY] and the I think no good purpose has been served, that the investigation looked as if it were Senator from Maine [Mrs. SMITHJ to by anticipating a contest, anticipating a fishing expedition being conducted in complete the work in Maryland. an attack, when none may ever develop. public. Normally, fishing expeditions Later, after a preliminary study of As I said at the outset, there are no rules are conducted privately until the facts what had been done on the part of these laid down in the Senate Manual for the are developed, but when the junior Sen­ two investigative groups, the two Sena­ institution or conduct of a contest for a ator from Maryland asked for an oppor­ tors who had been designated to conduct Senate seat. It is a blank so far as the tunity to learn the particulars, or to be the investigation in Maryland, in an Senate rules are concerned. . given the opportunity of getting counsel open meeting· of the subcommittee, re­ What in the first place the group in case there were a contest, and he was f erred to the fact that there was a large which is conducting the hearings will denied, he was naturally perplexed. volume of evidence which would prob­ report to the subcommittee, what the I, indeed, appreciate, as I am sure the a b!y be developed, that neither Member subcommittee will in turn, report to the other freshmen Members of the Senate was a lawyer, and they asked whether full Committee on Rules and Adminis­ do, the statement which the · distin­ the subcommittee would conduct the tration, and what that committee will guished Senator from Iowa has made as hearings in Pennsylvania as a subcom­ report to the Senate, I do not know. to the general policies of his committee mittee. I deliberately vetoed the pro­ I close, Mr. President, with the state­ and as to the way in which it Droceeds: posal for the very evident reason that, ment that in discussing this matter with but it occurs to me that it was a bit per­ if that were done, the committee con­ the able farmer members of the subcom­ plexing to a new Member, when the time ducting the hearings would be composed mittee, and the able members of the for taking the oath of office came, to find of three Democrats and two Republicans, present subcommittee, we conceived it himself set apart, asked to step aside, which I felt was unjustified and would to be our duty to investigate these and to :Je allowed to take the oath with­ subject us to criticism. But in view of charges, which apparently had validity, out prejudice, and then have this fishing the fact that they had asked th.at law­ and not attempt to use the subcommit­ expedition conducted in public, with his yers be assigned, the subcommittee tee to hit over the head an opponent in motives and his associations blared to moved that the two additional Membe-rs, the campaign, as has been done time and the public in the press, apparently ·with­ the Senator from New Jersey and the time again, in the hope of blasting the out an opportunity to present the other Senator from Missouri, be asked to sit opponent. We conceived it to be our side. with them in their further inv_estigations. duty to investigate charges having ap­ Mr. GILLETTE. I can understand · They have been conducting those hear­ parent merit with three ends in view: something of the confusion to which the ings. I have not sat in those hearings First, that, should a contest be instituted Senator from South Dakota has alluded, for 1 second. When they have com­ by a defeated candidate, or by anyone because, as I have stated, there is con­ p~eted their hearings they will make else, a background of factual matter fusion. We have no policies laid down their report to the subcommittee. They would have been developed; second, that But with reference to the right of the " are a group of the subcommittee and if our inve3tigators developed infraction Senator from Maryland to appear or to they will submit their report. of law, Federal or State, we could not act be represented by counsel, as I have said, The subcommittee will evaluate the as a prosecuting body, but could report I was not present, for I have not attend­ report and determine what report it will it to the appropriate law enforcement ed the meetings of the group, but a re­ make to the Committee on Rules .and · body of the State or the Federal juris­ quest was made to me, as chairman of Administration, which, in turn, will diction, for such action as they might see the subcommittee, that an assistant make its report to the Senate of the fit to take; and, third, and more im­ counsel be appointed and assigned to the Unit2d States for such action as it may portant, that if the investigation of facts group conducting the hearing, who would see fit to take. disclosed the need of legislative action of be chosen by the Republican policy That is the situation, I may say to the a constructive nature, to insure the in­ group of the United States Senate. I able S:mator from Idaho, and he is an­ tegrity of elections, we would recom­ gladly and willingly acceded to that re­ ticipating whether they will recommend m~nd it to the Committee on Rules and quest, and put on the payroll a man that a contest be recommended ·or Administration, and that committee, in chosen by the Republican group, so that whether they will not. Whether they turn, to the Senate. The basic purpose, he could attend the hearings. will determine that there is no basis the motivating purpose of every action Let me suggest that at no time and whatever for a contest or whether they taken was that the American people, in in no phase is this investigation an ad­ will not, I do not know, and no one else the selection of a United States Senator, versary proceeding, conducted according knows. I do know-because I am aware should have the right to go to the polls to the ordinary rules of evidence. It is of the high character and ability of the and cast their votes, and that no one not for the purpose of developing facts either members of that subcommittee-that qualified should be able to cast a vote in to sustain or dissipate charges laid, which every one of them will approach the the election, and, most important, that the subcommittee, in its evaluation, can matter with a fair and open mind, and the vote cast would be counted for the use in making its report to the Com­ with the same lack of bias, prejudice, Senator of their choice. mittee on Rules and Administration. and partisanship which characterized That, Mr. President, is all I care to say. Whether the subcommittee shall permit every action of the Senator from Kansas Mr. CASE. Mr. President, will the cross-examination, or whether they shall [Mr. ScHOEPPEL] and every action of the Senator from Iowa yield? permit representation by counsel, is Senator from Mississippi [Mr. STENNIS] Mr. GILLETTE. I yield to the Sena­ entirely a matter resting with them, in making their determinations. tor from South Dakota. because the purpose is the development I submit that I think it ill advised for Mr. CASE. Is it fair to assume, from of facts. It -is not a fishing expedition, the Senator from Idaho, no matter how what the Senator has said, that the pres­ except in the sense that the endeavor is zealous he may be, to come forward, an­ ent action of tbe members of the sub­ to develop facts. rt is not an adversary ticipate, and, by implication, make such committee constitutes a fishing expedi­ proceeding at any stage. There are no an attack as he has made. As I have tion? rules of evidence pertaining to the in­ said, I am not here as an advocat'e for Mr. GILLETTE. I would not attempt troduction of testimony applicable. Senator Tydings. The Senate needs no to define what the Senator means by Mr. CASE. I am sure that everyone defense, the Constitution of the United ~'fishing expedition." The purpose is appreciates the statement just made by States needs no defense, the Eighty-first the development of facts which would the Senator that the proceeding is not an Congress needs no defense, and, so far as either sustain or dissipate complaints adversary proceedin~. Speaking for the Senator from Maryland [Mr. BUTLER] which have been laid before the com­ myself, I have great confidence that un- is concerned, he will have no abler or mittee. . der the leadership of the Senator from stronger advocates of justice to him·than Mr. CASE. I do not happen to be in Iowa no injustice will be done. those who constitute the membership of the confidence of either the Senator Mr. GILLETTE. I thank the Senator. the subcommittee, Democrats and Re­ from Idaho or the Senator from Mary­ Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska. Mr. Presi­ publicans alike. If there were any other land as to the origin of the i·emarks dent, I have one or two simple questions 1672 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 to ask, because I cannot enter into this Mr. GILLETTE. I am 1,000 percent in the entire country, and then file a con­ debate as a member of the bar, but as an agreement with the Senator from Ne .. solidated report with the Committee on entire outsider with reference to the braska in that statement, contingent on Rules and Administration? whole proceeding. what he mentions, namely, that the elec­ Mr. GILLETTE. Oh, no; not charges I believe I can understand the PSY• tion is ~Jroperly conducted, and that the covering the entire country. chology which impresses new Members vote is a refiection of the wishes of the Mr. DIRKSEN. I misunderstood the of the Senate who are elected with what electorate. Senator. · · · I should call a large majority, let us Mr. WELKER. Mr. President, will the Mr. GILLETTE. But charges which say 40,000 or 50,000 majority, and then Senator from Iowa yield? have been filed with the committee, and have a proceeding of this kind brought Mr. GILLETTE. I yield to the Sen­ which were considered by the committee against them. I may not be correctly ator from Idaho. to warrant action on its part. advised, but I am told that there are no Mr. WELKER. I thank the distin.. Mr. DIRKSEN. Only in this particu­ charges brought against the junior Sen· guished Senator from Iowa and my col­ lar case? ator from Maryland [Mr. BUTLER]. leagues. There is not a Senator on the Mr. GILLETTE, No; in all cases; Mr. GILLETTE. Charges of what :fioor whom r esteem more highly than which were filed and on which action type? the Senator from Iowa. I did not hear was taken. Those cases will be con.~d­ Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska. I under­ everything he said on the subject, but I ered and reported in a consolidated re­ stand there are none. did hear the latter part of his remarks. port to the Committee on Rules and Ad .. Mr. GILLETTE. Oh, yes; charges I admire him very much for making his ministration. That will be done as soon were filed on which the subcommittee, in statement. I want him to know that the as we have concluded the investigations the initial stages, undertook an investi· closest friends I have in the United in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. gation into the Maryland complaints. States Senate sit on the subcommittee Mr. DIRKSEN. Is the Senator able There were written complaints filed with which is hearing the matter. I have no to make an estimate as to how long it the subcommittee. fear of any action the subcommittee may will be before such a report is filed? take. I have no fear of any prejudice. Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska. The Sen­ Mr. GILLETTE. I cannot say. I ator himself has said that there are no I know justice will be done. It must had hoped that the Senator from Okla­ rules of evidence applicable. be done in any committee which the homa [Mr. MoNllONEY] and the Senator Mr. GILLETTE. There are none to senior Senator from Iowa heads. from Maine [Mrs. SMITHJ would proceed my knowledge. In the opinion of some persons, per­ haps I should not have made my speech in the Maryland case, and that at the . Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska. If charges same time the Senator from Missour· .are filed, it must be of violation of some this afternoon. I happen to be one of the freshman Senators. We are in what [Mr. HENNING ~ ~nq. the S~fiator from .J State law or Federal law. There are New Jersey [Mr. HENDRICKsoNJ could be courts for handling such charges, rathe~ we call the maze of our first ibdtlctfoif TD.to. the Senate. I said previously, I carrying on the investigation in Penn­ than have them referred to a comini tee As sylvania. I had hoped that the work ·of t:he Senate. deeply love JOHNNY BUTLER. I spoke in his behalf today, not in criticism of the could be completed in February. How­ Mr. GILLETTE. That is very true. ever, because of the fact that the two Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska. I can able committee headed by the Senator from Iowa [Mr. GILLETTE), or in criti­ Senators who were assigned to the Mary­ easily understand the attitude of a group land case requested that the other two of new A.-embers who come into the Sen­ cism of any member of the subcommit­ tee, but in defense of an able friend and members of the subcommittee, as law­ ate and find a proceedinf; of this kind yers, sit . with them, the Pennsylvania started. If there were a difference of great American, as I would want to be defended if I were in JOHNNY BUTLER'S case is still pending. Therefore they only a thousand or a -:.ew thousand votes, cannot go to Pennsylvania to conduct I could understand why there should be position. hearings in Philadelphia and Wilkes an investigation ordered, and perhaps In conclusion, Mr. President, I wish to say again that I have no fear of what Barre until such time as -they have fin­ the ballots be counted, as happened 2 the committee headed by the able Sen­ ished with the Maryland case. However, years ago, but not in a case of the kind ator from Iowa will do. That is not I shall be very much disappointed if the we are now considering. what prompted me to speak on the fioor investigations are not completed by the Mr. GILLETTE. The Senator from today. I wanted to give JOHNNY BUTLER middle of March. Nebraska -is very sound in what he has support at · a time when he is tremen­ Mr. DIRKSEN. I thank the Senator. said. There is confusion; there is con­ dously worried about· the publicity. Mr. WHERRY. Mr. President, as the fusion everywhere. Mr. GILLETTE. I appreciate the ranking minority member of the Com­ With reference to the courts as a kindly references of the Senator from mittee on Rules and Administration, I forum which can be used in a matter of Idaho. As I have said, my purpose in wish to say that the appointment of the this kind, the Constitution makes the speaking was that I feared the Senator's five members of the committee-not four Senate "the judge of the elections re­ remarks, by implication or inference, members-and the appointment of coun­ turns and qualifications of its own Mem­ might refiect on the members of the sub­ sel was carried out exactly as the Sen­ bers," and we cannot say "Go into the committee, every one of whom, as I said, a tor from Iowa has said. I also want to courts," when we have that constitu­ is of the highest character. They are say that I have full faith and confidence tional responsibility. among the finest Members of this body, that the committee will make its recom­ It was in an attempt, in my poor way, I know how they are proceeding with mendations, which I hope will be very to explain the steps which have been t'heir work. I know how carefully and soon. I have been continually in very taken, an1 the reasons for them, that I meticulously they are endeavoring · to close touch with the Republican mem­ have made the statement here this after­ arrive at a just conclusion. bers of the committee, and I am satis­ noon. To repeat, Mr. President, this is not an fied that they will be able to speak for Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska. Mr. Pres­ attack on the junior Senator from Mary­ themselves. when recommendations are ident, I served as a member of the Com­ land. He will not have more ardent made. mittee on Privileges and Elections in the advocates than the members of the sub­ In response to the very forceful ad­ past, and I learned that a m!jority of committ.ee, when ·they have completed dress made by the distinguished Senator the Members of the Senate feel that they their study of the facts, if the facts indi­ from Idaho [Mr. WELKER], I wish to say have no right to question the standing cate that that should be their course, that · I think his address has served a of one who is elected to the Senate by and their advoc;acy will be as earnest and most beneficial purpose. It is one thing the people of a State. The peopl~ of sincere as that of the able Senator from to file a complaint and use it as a fishing Maryland have the right to elect anyone Idaho. expedition to smear someone. The Sen­ they desire to elect, the people of Ne­ Mr. WELKER. I am certain of that. ator from Iowa knows what I am talking braska have the same right, and if the Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, will about. It is another thing, however, election is conducted according to law, the Senator yield for a question? when a victim of libelous charges does and a candidate receives a majority of . Mr. GILLETTE. I yield. not proceed against his accuser in a the votes, we have no right to reject him Mr. DIRKSEN. Did I understand the court of law. because we do not like the color of his Senator to say that the committee would · Mr. President, ·! have served in many hair or his demeanor here. first examine into all ch~rges cov.ering investigations of this kind. As the Sena.. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL -~ECORD-SENATE 1673 tor from Iowa knows, the junior Senator years ago I took part in a similar in- Under the Executive order issued to the from Nebrask9. has been lambasted as vestigation into an·election in Maryland. LRB by President Truman, and interpreted much as any other Member of this I know that· at that time I wanted to by the Attorney General, the board cannot Senate. I have had to take many scold­ get rid of the matter as quickly as pos- consider testimony that is too remot e in sible. I should like to stand with otlrer point of time to be material to the question ings and many libelous statements have of present disloyalty. Furthermore, the been made against me. I say all this is · Senators in an attempt to prevent the board is forbidden to find disloyalty on the a shame; it is a pity. What the American circulation of scurrilous literature and basis of reasonable doubt. people want more than anything else to­ composite pictures. If there is a way As applied to the Remington case, this day are the facts. They do not want to of doing it legislatively, while still per- · means that the Board had to decide whether be misinformed. They do not want the mitting people to have ·:tuu freedom of the party in question was disloyal in 1949- facts to be misinterpreted. They should speech I would like to do it. It is a diffi- not whether he had been a Communist a have the facts. cult problem to solve. decade or two prior to that time. Not only Mr. GILLETTE. Mr. President, will so, but none of the evidence presented at the If there is any way by which we can recent perjury trial was before the Board, stop the use of scurrilous literature and the Senator yield at that point? · with the sole exception of Elizabeth Bent- composite pictures in campaigns, we Mr. WHERRY. I yield. ley's statements,,and Miss Bentley failed to should stop it. Certainly it would be a Mr. GILLETTE. I should like to show up in person, although twice sum- healthy thing for the people of the make a brief comment, with the in- maned by the Board. - United States. I am all for it. However, dulgence of the Senator from Nebraska. The LRB has had before it various cases in­ it is not being stopped.· I do not know I am in full agreement with the state- valving Federal employees who in their col­ whether it can be. · ment which he has just made. I know lege days had toyed with communism, and that every member of the subcommittee · may even have joined the party, as Reming­ Mr. President, I saw some of the lit­ . · t ton was alleged to have done at Dartmouth erature which was used in the Ohio cam­ . IS anx10us to accomplish he' purpose College. Under the Attorney General's in- paign. Such literature as was put out . Which he has described. terpretation of the President's Executive agair.st the Senator from Ohio [Mr. _I should like to take this opportunity _ order, the Board had to find for the defend­ TAFT] was the work of a character as- to state on the floor of the Senate that ant in these cases, where evidence of subs~­ ~ ·sassin. I was in Idaho. I know what . if any Member of the Senate has any · quent good conduct was shown. · the Senator from Idaho has been talking . suggestions as to poli,ey or as to legis- ~ Seth W. Richardson, conservative Repub­ about. I know what he thinks of that lation which might accomplish what the lican, headed the. LRB throughout this Senator has in mind, we shall welcome ·. perfod, and he has been nominated by Mr. kind of literature. But that is what is · t 'f Truman to membership on the new Sup- · done in campaigns. t hem an d em b o d Y th em m our repov 1 versive· Activities Control Board. Mr. Rich- Mr. President, I know son.. ething' about . they merit inclusion therein. ardson seems to have acted, while. LRB the Tydings committee and its investiga­ Mr. WHERRY. I thank the Senator .- Chairman, in strict accordance with the di­ tion; I know something of what that for his observation. . rectives given him by the Attorney General . man Morgan, who wrote the committee CONVICTION OF WILLIAM W. REMINGTON and the President, as he was compelled, by · report, said about me. Senator Tydings law, to -do. Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I ask · These are factors which cannot be ignored knows what he is talking about. He is unanimous consent to have printed in by the Senate, as M;r. Richardson comes be­ a lawyer. He has been using the com­ the body of the RECORD an editorial en- fore that body for confirmation to the new mittee as a mouthpiec~ and as a spring­ titled "How William W. Remington Got agency. board in his effort to try JOHN BUTLER. Clearance From LRB"-that is, .the UNIVERSAL MILITARY TRAINING He knows there are legal ways of doing Loyalty Review Board-published in the The Senate resumed the considera­ it. Richmond Times-Dispatch of February As a member of the Committee· on tion of the bill

1953 and 1954, and ending early in fiscal the Department of Labor~have been tain the facts, to develop them in the year 1955. optimistic rather than conservative in course of the hearings, and then, based The point of these matters is, Mr. their calculation. on the facts, to bring out a bill which President, that our manpower picture There can, therefore, be no doubt, ·Mr. would meet the defense requirements of for fiscal 1951 and 195~ will begin to President, that it will be necessary to the Nation in the very critical period in change radically in fiscal year 1953. We induct substantial numbers of 18-year­ which we now find ourselves. I would have simply borrowed-part from the olds beginning in the fiscal year 1953. ;Say to the Senator that it doe.s not past, by recalling large numbers of draft­ I might again say that that is assum­ seem to me to be consistent to take the exempt veterans who are in the Reserve, ing the general world situation holds steps which have been advocated and and part from the future, by extending about as it is now until that time. I do at the same time to raise the age limit. enlistments. By virtually freezing all not know any person v. ho is willing to Mr. ·JOHNSON of Texas. I thank the separations during fiscal year 1951, and underwrite that the Kremlin will not Senator from California. by going outside the selective-service press itself at some other part of the Mr. KNOWLAND. For these reasons, pool, we can effect the build-up to a world as it did in Korea, and that the the committee urges that the present law strength of 3,500,000, and provide a big situation may not, in fact, remain even be changed so as to lower the induction enough backlog to meet the turn-over as unsatisfactory as it is at the present age to 18. during fiscal year 1952, without going moment. We have thrown all possible safe­ below age 19. Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi­ guards around that recommendation. It is at this point that we arrive at dent, will the Senator yield? We insure that it will be used only where the crux of the whole matter. . For at Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. it is necessary to do so. ·We have pro­ the end of fiscal year 1953 the net num­ Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. I presume vided that no young man age 18 years ber remaining available in the 19-to-36 the Senator from California is assuming and 7 months will be inducted by his paol will be only about 300,000, as com­ that three or four amendments which local board· if there is a young man 18 pared with 682,000 for .1952. And for are now ali the desk will not be adopted. years and 10 months old who is available. fiscal year 1954 the balance will be only I assume the Senator from California Similarly, no young man age 18 years and slightly larger-something under 400,000. realizes that we would have to get down 4 months can be taken by his local board Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, to the bottom of that 18-year-old pool if one whose age is 18 years and 7 months will the Senator yield for a question? much quicker than 1953 if we adopted is available. Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield.- an amendment reducing the period of These safeguards, Mr. President, are Mr. SALTONSTALL. What this bill enlistments from 48 to 30 months. specific and absolute. They are cMarly attempts to accomplish is to prepare Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator is spelled out in the bill, beginning on page now for the next 3 or 4 or 5 years, and correct. It would about double the 81, line 10. at the same time to make it possible to manpower requirements. We feel that the provisions as we have cover an extreme emergency occuring Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Or if we recommended them are necessary. To even within the next year. Am I not adopted another amendment whittling fail to put them in the bill at this time, to correct? away at the manpower pool by reducing put them off until the future, or to Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator is the time of service from 26 months to change the age to 18 years and 6 months, correct. 21 months. Is that not correct? simply avoids the issue. It implies that Mr. SALTONSTALL. So this is an Mr. KNOWLAND. Yes; the Senator such action 'Will not be necessary in effort to enact more or less perma­ is correct. It would require annually maintaining a force of 3,500,000. The nent legislation covering a span of years approximately 125,000 more 18-year­ committee felt that a failure on our part in the future, as far as we can foresee olds if that amendment were adopted. . to make this 18-year-old recommenda­ the present emergency. The object is Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Or if we tion, clearly and without equivocation, to get such legislation on the statute adopted a third amendment now at the would put us somewhat in the position books now. desk, which would limit the Reserve of attempting to sell a pig in a poke. Mr. KNOWLAND. I will say that I service to 18 months. It would suggest that we were not being think no prudent person ·could advocate Mr. KNOWLAND. I believe the Sen­ frank with the people of this country­ doing less, considering the situation now ator is correct. I think that would affect that we were not telling them the whole confronting the world. about 400,000 persons now on duty. story-that we were hinting that a force Mr. SALTONSTALL. So the purpose Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. So is it not of 3,500,000 could be maintained with at the present time of putting the 18- true, after all, that the amendments the induction age retained at 19. year-old provision in the bill, as re­ which are now at the desk, including I should like to say at this point that ported by the committee, is to have one the ones I have listed, and an additional it seems to me what the Nation needs, bill which will cover any ·unforeseen one that increases the deferment of spe­ and what the whole free world needs emergency now, if another war should cially selected students from 75,000 to · more than anything else, is that we deal occur, and also to provide over the 150,000, all bring nearer the day when frankly with the people. I believe that next few years, a plan under which the we are going to have to· take all the one of the reasons why so many of us young people coming along can deter­ 18-year-olds? admired Mr. Winston Churchill during mine their life plans. Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator from the period of Britain's· darkest hour in Mr. KNOWLAND. The Senator is Texas is correct. World War II, was that he treated the correct. It is an attempt to enunciate Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Can the British people as adults, and that they a military policy which will support a Senator understand the consistency in responded as such, as, in my judgment, posture· of defense, and to do it on a one breath of saying that we are going a free people always will do if they are long-term basis, rather than merely to defer 150,000 instead of 75,000, and given the facts. It seems to me that this nibbling at the problem. w~ are going to limit Reserve service to is no time to spoon-feed the American Mr. SALTONSTALL. I thank the 18 months, and that we are going to cut people or any free people: I think the Senator. the term of service from 26 months to 21 Government, both its executive and its Mr. KNOWLANi:>. These apparent months, but at the same time saying we legislative branches, have an obligation surpluses are not surpluses at all. They are going to raise the age limit for induc­ to lay down the cold hard facts of ·the are deficits. They are very seriously tion from 18 to 18 ¥2? situation which confronts us. I per­ short of the estimated selective-service Mr. KNOWLAND. I will say to the sonally believe that if that is done, if the pipeline. Furthermore, they are based Senator from Texas, who is chairman of people are given as much information as upon a complicated statement of esti­ the subcommittee-and I did not happen the security situation will permit, they mating factors each of which must work to be a member of his subcommittee, will respond to the tremendous chal­ out according to plan. The committee though I sat in on many of the sessions lenge which faces a free world today. I also feels that the estimating agencies­ of the subcommittee-that I know he has think that ·government in all its and I might parenthetically add this was ably gone into the whole question, has branches has an obligation to do that, not alone the estimate of the Pentagon, contributed greatly, I believe, to the de­ and frankly to deal with the public. as some have tried to·maintain, but the fense needs of the Nation, and held the Mr. SALTONSTALL. Mr. President, estimating agencies included Selective hearings not with any preconceived ideas will the Senator yield? Service, the Department of Defense, and to start with, but with a desire to ob- Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1677 Mr. SALTONSTALL. Possibly the Our immediate problem-and I think I support the bill as it has been re­ Senator went into the matter I have in it is vital-is to build and maintain the ported from the Armed Services Com­ mind with the Senator from Texas, but active fore.es. · mittee. I was not at the moment in the Cham­ But we all hope for the day when this We realize that this issue is of fun­ ber to hear it. Did the Senator go into active-duty force can be reduced in damental importance. Our recommen­ the question of maintenance, and the size-ultimately to the point where it dation is based on the most thorough and number of men required to maintain a will no longer be necessary to induct men complete examination of the evidence force of 3,500,000 men? for service. Beginning at that time, the presented to us. Mr. KNOWLAND. We discussed that universal-military-training program be­ Mr. President, no person can predict general situation, and I think it was per­ gins to op Bra te. what the Kremlin may do to again chal­ haps before the Senator from Massachu­ All physically fit young men attaining lenge the free world next week, next setts returned to the Chamber. I ex­ age 18 will become liable for induction month, or next year. Our freedom and pressed the personal opinion, which I into the National Security Training our life as a Nation may depend upon· think represented the opinion of a good Corps, for a period of basic military how rapidly we put our defenses in order. many members on the committee, if not training lasting not less than 4 months, , Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi­ all of them, that we were. not satisfied nor more than 6 months. dent, I suggest that we proceed to the we were getting as many· combat troops Following ·their initial basic military consideration of, and vote on, the com­ out of our manpower as we feel should training, they would be required to ~erve mittee amendment, unless there is some be secured. I also think it is quite. true in the Reserve components of the armed other amendment to be called up. that in order to maintain combat troops services for the remainder of their basic The PRESIDING OFFICER. The in the line we must deal with the whole obligation period of 8 years; that is to question is on agreeing to the amend­ logistical problem of support. Many in­ say, they then would go into the Organ­ ment of the committee to the bill, the dividuals are needed behind the lines, so ized Reserve units or the National Guard, amendment being in the nature of a to speak, in order to maintain the Army. and so forth. subs.titute. I did not go into the specific figures. The bill proposes that liability for this Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, a parlia­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. I agree with period of basic military training in the mentary inquiry. what the Senator has just said. I did National Security Training Corps shall The PRESIDING OFFICER. The not hear his statement on the subject. begin at the age of 18. Senator will state it. The figure which sticks in my mind, I believe the reason for age 18 for Mr. MORSE. If we proceed with the which was given to us by the Department universal military training is well un­ committee amendment at this time, of Defense is that in order to maintain .derstood by all Members of the Sen­ would that in any way foreclose me from a force of 3,500,000 men, merely the ate. Numerous studies of the question­ offering my amendments in my own turnover each year will require approxi­ most notably the report of the Compton time? mately 901,000 new men, and if each age commission-all recommend this age. The PRESIDiNG OFFICER. The group has approximately 1,050,000 men, The overwhelming majority of the wit­ amendment now before the Senate is the of which only approximately 545,000 are nesses appearing before the committee committee amendment in the nature of A-1 available, even if we take the whole confirmed the previous recommenda­ a substitute for the bill. If it is agreed of each year's 18-year-old group, we tions. Even persons who objected to in­ to, that will foreclose the offering of fur­ have got to count on a number of enlist­ duction at age 18 for service generally ther amendments to the bill. ments and reenlistments and volunteers favored it as the bt;st age for induction Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, .do I cor­ outside the age groups. Is that a · fair for nniversal military training. rectly understand that the suggestion of statement? Mr. President, a basic objective of the Senator from Texas is that we now Mr. KNOWLAND. Yes, I believe it to this bill is to authorize a system of mili­ agree to the amendment in the nature of tary training. The bill does not address a .substitute, as repurted by the com­ be a fair statement. The figure of 901,- mittee? 000 which the Senator mentioned, I itself merely to the shorter-term prob­ think, is the very minimum figure that lem of maintaining a force of 3,500,000. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill We feel that any raising of the induc­ is open to amendment. The Chair did would be required. not understand that there was a motion Mr. SALTONSTALL: Mr. President, tion age to 18 years and 6 months would do irreparable harm to that program for · that the Senate agree to any amend­ will the Senator yield further? ment. Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield. military training. It would cut in half the period during Mr. MORSE. It was merely a sugges­ Mr. SALTONSTALL. The Senator which a young man could participate in tion, was it? from California has said in his speech this program. In actual practice, that Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. Presi­ that after 1951-52 the men coming would be bound to increase the number dent, if the Senator from Oregon has from the Reserves and from reenlist­ of training facilities required, and to any doubt about the matter, iet me say. · ments will no longer be available, so that allow almost no elasticity in choosing the that I have just suggested to the Chair aft=r that period we shall have to fall period of the year-summer, winter, or that if no Member of the Senate is will­ back on new men. Is that corr.ect? fall-when training would be held. At ing to call up an amendment, then let us Mr. KNOWLAND. Yes; that is cor­ least half of the trainees would be fairly proceed to the consideration of the rect. well into their 19th year before they committee amendment. Mr. President,· with regard to the would have completed their training. Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. Mr. Pres­ lowering of the age limit to 18, as men­ The meeting of induction quotas on such ident, I . have an amendment which I tioned in the discussion I had p'rior a close schedule by the local boards submitted earlier today and asked that to the recent colloquy with the Senator would, as a practical matter, render a it be printed and lie on.the table. It has. from Massachusetts, let me say that I :flexible and reasonable postponement not yet been printed; otherwise, I should feel that elimination of the 18-year-olds policy extremely difficult, tf not impos­ be glad to have it brought up at this from induction cannot be done without sible. The disruption to the individual time. recalling the veterans, if we are to main­ trainee's plans and his opportunity to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The tain what we have to maintain in order exercise choice as to the time of his in­ Senator from Oregon has the :floor. to supply our forces. duction would be seriously increased. Mr. MORSE. I suggest the absence A second and equally compelling rea­ The committee therefore concluded of a quor.um. son for lowering the induction age to that it was unwise to set the induction The PRESIDING OFFICER. The 18 relates, not to the requirements age for the universal military training clerk will call the roll. of the three-and-one-half-million force, program at age 18 years and 6 months, The Chief Clerk called the roll, and but to the program for universal mili­ in preference to age 18. the following Senators answered to their tary training which this bill recom­ Mr. President, I believe that the re­ names: mends. marks I have just made summarize the Carlson Hoey Johnson, Tex. We realize that the military-training reasons why the committee recommends Cordon Holland Johnston, S. C. Ellender Humphrey Kem program will not begin to operate today; the--induction-ag-e- which appears in the Ferguson Hunt Lehman or next year, or probably th~ year a-fter.· bill. . Hayden,· Johnson, Colo. Long 1678 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--. SENATE FEBRUARY 28 McFarland O'Mahoney Smathers not believe that we should have unani­ · Why wait until next Wednesday or McKellar Pastore Thye Martin Robertson Williams mous-consent agreements in order tO some other time? Why not start to­ Morse Russell consider the amendments. I think we night or tomorrow to really work on this Murray Saltonstall ought to be able to proceed in our regu­ important bill? The boys in Korea are The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. LEH­ lar and orderly manner and get through not waiting for a unanimous-consent MAN in the chair) . A quorum is not pres­ with the bill by Friday evening at the. agreement to act. They are acting to­ ent. The clerk will call the names of latest. I am not willing at this time to day; and I think it is time for the Sen­ absent Senators. propose a unanimous-consent agree­ ate to act. The Chief Clerk called the names of ment to vote next Wednesday. Let me say another thing while I am the absent Senators, and Mr. AIKEN, Mr. What have we accomplished today? on my feet. Some Senators have said BREWSTER, Mr. BRICKER, Mr. BUTLER of We have had one speech on this bill-a to me, "I must go here, or there, or I Nebraska, Mr. DIRKSEN, Mr. DWORSHAK, very short speech and a good one-but must do this, or that." I say, in a spirit Mr. ECTON, Mr. HICKENLOOPER, Mr. HILL, that is the only progress made on this of utmost kindness and good feeling, that Mr. IVES, Mr. KILGORE, Mr. KNOWLAND, bill. there is no more important work for any Mr. McCARRAN, Mr. ScHOEPPElL, Mr. Mr. joHNSON of Color'ado. Mr. Senator at this moment than that of the SPARKMAN, and Mr. YOUNG answered to President, will the Senator yield? United States Senate. The time has their names when called. Mr. McFARLAND. I yield. come when Senators must be present. I The PRESIDING OFFICER. A Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado. I agree should like to go to Arizona, where the quorum is not present. with the Senator that a part of the bill sun is shining. It is a beautiful place. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I is emergency legislation. There can be I should like to take other Senators with move that the Sergeant at Arms be di­ no question about that. A part of the me. I hope that we can conclude our rected to request the attendance of ab­ bill is designed to do the very thing labors at a reasonable time this year so sent Senators. which the Senator says it is supposed to that Members may have some time to The motion was agreed to. do, that is, to relieve the situation in spend at home. That is going to be our The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Korea, or wherever we must have man­ aim. But we must have the complete Sergeant at Arms will execute the order power. The military is entitled to have cooperation of the Senate. On impor­ of the Senate. w;hatever manpower it needs to carry. tant emergency legislation such as this After a little delay Mr. GEORGE, Mr. out the program of the Government. is, we cannot talk about entering into a NEELY, Mr. McCLELLAN, Mr. MONRONEY, But that is not all that is contained in unanimous-consent agreement for action Mr. WATKINS, and Mr. DOUGLAS entered Senate bill 1. One part of the bill is to be taken a week ahead; we cannot get the Chamber and answered to their emergency legislation: Another part of anywhere with that kind of procedure. names. the bill would perhaps not be ef!ective Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, in reply After a little further delay Mr. ANDER· for 5 years. Is not Congress going to to the majority leader, as acting minor­ SON, Mr. BUTLER of Maryland, Mr. BYRD, sit during the next 5 years? Will there ity leader I wish to point out to the Sen­ Mr. CAIN, Mr. CAPEHART, Mr. CASE, Mr. not be intelligent Members of the Sen­ ate that in the House a similar bill is not ate and of the House who can write even out of committee yet. It has not CHAPMAN, Mr. CHAVEZ, Mr. CONNALLY, been reported by the House committee. Mr. DUFF, Mr. EASTLAND, Mr. FLANDERS, a bill which may not be effective for 5 years? Why does such a proposal The House committee is still calling wit­ Mr. FuLBRIGHT, Mr. GILLETTE, Mr. GREEN, have to be pinned onto this bill and nesses before it. Mr. HENDRICKSON, Mr. HENNINGS, Mr. made a part of the emergency measure? So far as the Senate is concerned, the JENNER, Mr. KEM, Mr. LANGER, Mr. LoDGE, That is the very thing that is delayil:lg pending bill was reported to the Senate Mr. MAGNUSON, Mr. MALONE, Mr. MILLI­ the passage of the bill today. It is the only last Wednesday. The Foreign Re­ KIN, Mr. MUND!r, Mr. NIXON, Mr. universal military training section·, lations Committee and the Armed Serv­ O'CONOR, Mrs. SMITH of Maine, Mr. which I am told may not be used for ices Committee of the Senate have been SMITH of New Jersey, Mr. SMITH of_ 5 years. holding joint meetings every day since North Carolina, Mr. STENNIS, Mr. TAFT, Why must we plan so far ahead? If the bill came to the floor of the Senate, Mr. TOBEY, Mr. WELKER, Mr. WHERRY; this is emergency legislation-and the except for the week end, and even then and Mr. WILEY entered the Chamber Senator from Arizona has well stated one hearing was had on Saturday. Many and answered to their names. that it is, and I believe that it is-I am Members of the Senate have told me that The PRESIDING OFFICER. A ready now to vote for that part of the they have not had an opportunity as yet quorum is present. bill. However, as to the other part of to study all the sections of this· very The bill is open to amendment. the bill, I think we should give serious long bill. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I should consideration to it. The country ought The majority leader is correct in say­ like to make a suggestion to the ma­ to understand it. ing the bill is of utmost importanqe to jority leader along the lines of a possible The bill as it is written, merging the the country. I want the RECORD to show unanimous-consent agreement to fix the two purposes, is almost impossible for that in discussion with the minority date on which to vote on the bill. Be­ me to understand. Perhaps other Sena­ leader a few minutes ago he authorized fore I suggest any language for a unani­ tors can understand the bill better than me to off er to the Democratic leadership mous-consent agreement, courtesy calls I can; but I have great difficulty in un­ a unanimous-consent request to proceed upon me first to ask the majority leader derstanding where the bill begins and to vote on the bill and amendments if there is any inclination at the pres­ wher.e it ends, merging, as it does, uni­ thereto, beginning next Wednesday at ent time to enter into a unanimous-con~ versal military training on the one hand, 3 p. m. If such an agreement were sent agreement, because I think it should and an extension and expansion of entered into it would, in my opinion, :flow from the majority leader and not selective service on the other. expedite the handling of the bill; and from the acting minority leader. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I would dispose of the bill in the shortest Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, of understand the distinguished Senator's possible period of time. course I should like to have a unani­ feelings with respect to the pending Mr. President, on this side of the aisle mous-consent agreement to vote, if a legislation. I will say to him that he a number of speeches o'n the bill are be­ reasonable time could be fixed. This is has never unduly delayed the passage of ing prepared for delivery tomorrow and important legislation. We ought to dis­ any prc;>Posed legislation since I have Friday and the first part of next week. pose of it by tomorrow evening, not next been a Member'of the Senate. He always It is for the majority leader to decide Wednesday or next week. We have boys has been anxious to expedite the work what course of action parliamentarily fighting in Korea, who have been fight­ of the Senate. He has an amendment he wishes to follow. If he does not want ing there for some time, and who have which proposes the elimination of one to enter into a unanimous-consent not been relieved. This bill should have aspect of the pending bill. I hope that agreement we will proceed with the bill been passed in 2 days. his amendment will not prevail. How­ amendment by amendment, but it is my In my opinion, there will be no more ever, I do not see any reason why we honest opinion that we would save time important legislation before the Con­ cannot go ahead with the prompt con­ if he accepted· the suggestion that we gress in this session than the ~egislation sideration of all amendments and vote enter into a unanimou~-consent agree­ which is now under consideration. I do on them. ment to start voting on the bill and 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 1G79 " amendments thereto next Wednesday at from the desk; and Genators who had Mr. WATKINS. Would the Senator 3 p. m. Because the bill is of such great been out of town and had not heard the be willing to cancel such committee importance, Mr. President, it should no~ amendment discussed would be com­ meetings in order to have a full attend­ be handled quickly on the floor of the pelled to vote on it, and I have seen some ance of the membership of the Senate? Senate without adequate debate. I am very bad legislation as a result of pro­ Mr. RUSSELL. Yes; I certainly sure that it is going to be subjected to -cedure of th~t kind. would. full debate between now and next . I hope we can proceed with this bill in Mr. WATKINS. The request has been Wednesday. . an orderly way, and that amendments made in some cases, as I remember, by Mr. RUSSELL obtained the floor. which are proposed may be fully dis­ the majority leader himself, that Mem­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, . will cussed. Any Member who desires to dis­ bers of the Senate be excused to enable the Senator from Georgia yield to me for cuss them ~hould have all the time he de­ them to attend committee meetings. a brief observation? sires to do so .. But we have had the bill Mr. RUSSELL. I understood the ma­ Mr. Rt:SSELL. · I am glad to yield to before us all day today. One general jority leader to make the announce­ the Senator from Illinois. ,speech has been made on the bill. I do ment-during the consideration of this Mr. DIRKSEN. I merely want to say not thinl{ any amendment has been bill today-that he would object to any that I think we are all sensible of the called up and brought to the attention further meetings of committees in the fact that the unanimous-consent rule of the Senate. It seems to me in the afternoon, in order to assure the very does not operate in Korea, but we are case of a measure of this kind that on best attendance in the Senate. equally sensible of the fact that there is tomorrow any Senator who has an Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, an effective operating draft act on the 'amendment he desires to propose should will the Senator yield? books right now. do so. The amendment can then be Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, I discussed, Senators will be present and Mr. McFARLAND. I stated that be­ would be the last one to wish unduly to will understand it, and the amendment ginning tomorrow I would object to com­ hasten the bill .through the Senate. I can be voted on. Then another amend­ mittee meetings during the sessions of do not believe in shutting off any Mem­ ment can be proposed, and an orderly the Senate while this bill is under con­ ber from discussing any point or any procedure followed, in an endeavor to see sideration. I did not object today, be­ amendment he ·might care to discuss or if we cannot make some progress with cause it was my thought that a number propose. But it seems ~o me that we the bill. · of the committees already had called could at least proceed .with the measure · It is true, as the Senator from Illinois witnesses before them today. But be­ in an orderly fashion. I do not know has indicated, that the draft act does not ginning tomorrow I am going to object to whether or not it will be possible to vote .expire, as I believe, until July 31 of this committees sitting while the pending finally upon the bill by Wednesday. 1: year. But I should like to point out tha:t legislation is under consideration. had hoped we would b~ able to pass the :there are thousands of young men who Will the Senator from Georgia yield ·bill this week. I think we could have .are undertaking to plan their lives, and further? disposed of a number of amendments tt would be very unfortunate if we were had they been proposed, brought for­ to wait until the 30th of July to take ac­ Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. ward, and discussed as individual propo­ tion on the bill. The boys of America Mr. McFARLAND. I realize that per­ sitions, and votes taken on them. are entitled to know exactly what will haps we would obtain a vote much more The unanimous-consent request pro- be required of them by the legislation at quickly if we entered into the proposed . posed by the Senator from Oregon, as I the very earliest possible date, in order agreement. But I fully agree with the understood it, was to proceed to vote that they may make their plans, as to distinguished Senator from Georgia that upon the bill and all amendments tpere­ whether they are going into the Army, or amendments to legislation of this im­ to, at 3 o'clock p. m. on Wednesday next. are going to school. The decisions they portance should not be considered in that I think it would be very unfortunate to must make are very important to them. manner. have a unanimous-consent agreement of I am not trying to cram the bill down It has been our experience that once that kind now. In the first place Mem­ anyone's throat. Any such idea is re­ we enter into such agreements, we bers of the Senate should remain and pugnant to me and is contrary to all might as well proceed to the considera­ hear the discussion on the bill. If a I have ever stood for as long as I have tion of some other measure in the in­ unanimous-consent agreement were en­ been honored by being a Member of the terval between the time of the entering tered into there would be an exodus of Senate. But I hope the attendance on into the agreement and the time when Senators from Washington tomorrow the voting is to occur pursuant to the the floor can be good, in order that we agreement. In the present case, if an afternoon, and they would return here may make progress. We canno~ m::ke on Tuesday and would have had no op­ good progress with proposed leg1slat1on agreement not to vote on this measure portunity to hear such statements as when only a handful of Senators are OI?­ before next Wednesday were entered, might have been made on the bill during our experience would indicate that little the floor. would be done on this measure before that time. . ·. On so important a bill as this-and There are a number of important next Wednesday, for once such an agree­ everyone agrees it is important-it seems ment is entered into, further dscussion amendments proposed to the bill. I am to me that any Senator who has an not contending that the bill is sacrosanct of the proposed legislation does not seem amendment to propose should offer it, to get us anywhere; and during the in­ or that it should not be amended. The and it can be discussed as fully as any Senate has a right to amend the bill in terval of time preceding the vote on the Senator may desire. Then we might bill, we generally find that only two or any manner it sees fit. But I know that vote on it and proceed to another amend- the Senate should not come here on three Senators are on the floor, and that . ment to the end that at some time we it is often impossible to obtain a quorum. Wednesday at 3 o'clock, and have the may ~onclude consideration of the bill, amendments read from the desk, and I do not wish to take the responsibility after having proceeded in a fair man­ for causing that much delay in taking then vote on one after the other, when ner and in such a way as to assure the Senators could not possibly understand final action on this measure. If some very best legislation, when we have other Senator wishes to do so, that is all the details involved in the amend­ reached the time to vote upon final ments. That is a very unsatisfactory his resoonsibility. passage. I think we should proceed to the con­ way to deal with important amendments Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, will to an important bill. The bill is an im­ sideration of the amendments and the Senator yield? should vote on them in an orderly way. portant one. It deals not only with ~he Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. defense of the :Jnited States, but with Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President , I hope the lives f!,nd tt..e safety of thousands of Mr. WAT~NS. The Senator from that will be done. Of course I fully our young men. That is my primary ob­ Georgia is a ware of the fact, is he not, realize that the resourceful Senator from jection to the suggestion. that a large number of committees are Oregon can see to it that the Senate will I have seen unanimous-consent re­ meeting during the afternoon of each not vote on any amendments before quests of this nature on important bills day? Wednesday of next week, if he desires to proposed and agreed to. Then the clerk Mr. RUSSELL. ~es; I am fu1ly aware do so. However, I hope and trust that would read a long, involved amendment of that fact. he will not see fit to take that course, XCVII-106 1680 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE FEBRUARY 28 but that he will bring up his amend­ to permit me to reply to the Senator an agreement as the one I offered to ments, with some of which I have con­ from Oregon? enter into, in conversation with the ma­ siderable sympathy, in order that we Mr. RUSSELL. Yes; I yield to the jority leader. may discuss them and may dispose of Senator from Arizona. However, having made that offer of them in an orderly way, rather than Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I cooperation and having had it rejected forestall the taking of any action what­ know that any proposal made by the by Senators on the Democratic side of ever until Wednesday. Senator from Oregon is a friendly one, the aisle, I now shall be perfectly willing I realize that the Senator from Oregon and I wish to say that any proposal I · to let the procedure of the Senate run its has a right to postpone the taking of may make is equally sincere. normal course; -and we shall take up the action until that time; and if he sees fit I. should like to ask the Senator from amendments as we come to them, one at to do so, no word of criticism will fall Oregon which of his amendments he de­ a ·time, and shall devote to each of them from my lips. However, I hope the Sen­ sires to call up first, and also whether whatever time is required for debate. ator from Oregon will not take that we shall be able to reach a vote on that Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President; will course. amendment at some time tomorrow, the Senator yield? I realize that he can talk about the after agreeing to a division of the time Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, before question of whose ox is being gored, and . available for debate on it. Does not the yielding to the Senator from Utah, I that there would be considerable merit Senator think that would be the most merely wish to observe that, upon con.: to a discussion of that kind. · , orderly way to proceed, so that we could sidering the nature of the amendments Nevertheless, I express the definite vote on that ame.ndment; and, then, of the Sena tor from Oregon and the na­ and strong hope that we 'may proceed perhaps we could reach an a~reement to ture of the proposed unanimous-consent in an orderly fashion on the amend­ vote on the next amendment, and thus agreement, I think it is still fairly well ments, without attempting to stifle or we could get one amendment at a time for us to beware of the gifts the Senator ·gag any Senator, in order that we may out of the way. has brought. conclude action on this measure, and Mr. WATKINS and Mr. MORSE ad­ Now I yield to the Senator from Utah. then may proceed to the consideration dressed the Chair. of other measures. Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President; I think _ Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, I hope Mr. MORSE. Mr: President, will the I have the floor. I yield first to the Sen-. the majority leader will not propose any Senator yield? · ator from Oregon, inasmuch as he has unanimous-consent agreements in con­ Mr. RUSSELL. . Yes; or I am willing been discussing this matter. nection with this measu're, at least not to yield the floor. Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I wish to for the next 2 days, for the reason that-­ Mr. MORSE. I simply wish to keep assure the majority leader that I shall after listening to the very persuasive the record straight. advise him at 12 o'clock tomorrow a& to argument of the Senator from Georgia, Mr. President, the suggestion of a what amendment I wish to call up. I which argument has been concurred in unanimous-consent agreement to have make that statement now because I am by the majority leader-I am almost the Senate vote on this _measure next having some of the amendments re­ convinced that unanimous-consent Wednesday was a result of my coopera­ drafted and am having some star prints agreements produce bad legislation, not tive endeavor after the majority leader made. They will be on the desks of good legislation. Of course, I am sent came to me, earlier in the day, and in a Senators tomorrow noon. So I will be here to work for good legislation. There­ good-natured way suggested that in willing to enter into the discussion of fore, I am inclined to object to any unan­ connection with an effort to expedite the this matter at noon tomorrow, but I will imous-consent agreements, unless the passage of this bill, he wondered whether not be willing to enter into a unanimous­ Senator can produce arguments suffi­ there could be an agreem~nt in regard consent agreement to have the Senate cient to convince me that we should to voting on the amendments and on the vote on any of the amendments tomor­ enter into them. question of the final passage of the bill. row. I make that statement now be­ Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, the I think it should also be said, because cause I wish to assure my colleag·ues that Senator from Utah is wholly within his the Senator from Arizona is a man who I shall see to it that adequate time is rights in proposing to object to unani­ always plays the game with his cards made available for discussion of the mous-consent agreements, and he has on the top of the table, that when I amendments which I shall offer. served notice that he will do so. suggested that the agreement be for Mr. RUSSELL. Mr. President, the Therefore, Mr. President; it seems to next Wednesday, he said, "You had bet­ Senator from Oregon says he thinks we me that we should proceed as rapidly as ter think about having the agreement for shall-reach a vote on the amendments we can in the fashion in which the Sen­ next Tuesday." by Wednesday. I am glad the Senator ate has operated now for some decades. I said, "No; I think that would be too has made that statement, because so Mr. WATKINS. Mr. President, before soon." often have I heard the Senator from the Senator from Georgia takes his seat, However, I called the minority leader Oregon condemn the making of unani­ I wish to have the RECORD show clearly and talked to him, and then came back mous-consent agreements as being en­ that it was the effective eloquence of the with the proposal I have suggested. tirely contrary to the policy under which Senator from Georgia that persuaded me Mr. President, Senators ~hould not the Senate operates, that I must confess that we should not have a unanimous­ think that any responsibility for delay that when the Senator from Oregon first consent agreement in connection with a on the bill will be left on the doorstep made such a proposal in connection with bill of this kind, in view of its impor­ of the junior Senator from Oregon, be­ this measure the thought which came tance and in view of the fact that by en­ cause I am going to kick it off the door­ into my mind was, "Beware of the Greeks tering into a unanimous-consent agree­ step now. I wish to say that the offer bearing gifts," or perhaps I should say, ment in connection with the considera­ of a cooperative agreement was the "Beware of Oregonians bearing gifts." tion of the bill, ·we might thus obtain product, so far as I am concerned, of a Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, will the some bad legislation on the subject. very friendly conversation with the Sen­ Senator yield? · After all, the bill will affect many of the ator from Arizona. If he does not wish Mr. RUSSELL. I yield. young men of the country, and we should to have the Senate enter into a unani-­ Mr. MORSE. I hope the Senator from not have bad legislation on such a sub­ mous-consent agreement, that is agree­ Georgia appreciates the fact that I hav~ ject. The Senator from Georgia did able to me; and then we can go ahead given a very clear demonstration of co­ make that statement; did he not? with the regular course of business, and operation in connection with this matter, Mr. RUSSELL. I said that I was op­ can consider the amendments one by because, so far as I individually am con­ posed to unanimous-consent agreements one. However, when we come to next cerned, I should prefer not to have any whereby we would have to vote upon 25 Wednesday and then discover, as I think unanimous-consent agreement at all. or 30 amendments without having any we shall, that we have not gotten as far On the other hand, in view of the fact explanation made of them. If the Sen­ with the bill as we would have by means that this particular debate involves some ator from Utah cannot see any differ­ of such a unanimous-consent agreement, of my own amendments, I thought it ence between a unanimous-consent I shall ask that Senators remember that would be very selfish of me to insist upon agreement which requires us to vote I tried to cooperate. my own· preferences, so far as unani­ upon a great mass of amendments which Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, will mous-consent agreements are concerned~ affect every. feature of this bill, and other the Senator :Zrom Georgia yield, in order ahd I was willing to go along with such unanimous-consent agreements which 1951· CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1681 might permit of orderly procedure, he Mr. MORSE. I suggest the absence of for which we are hoping and laboring can, within his rights, object. a quorum. cannot be built by the might and power Mr. WATKINS. I think I can see the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of man but only by Thy spirit. difference, all right; but many a piece clerk will call the roll. Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. of legislation of importance has many The legislative clerk proceeded to call The Journal of the proceedings of amendments proposed to it, and the the roll. yesterday was read a_nd approved. same argument can be made against al­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I most any unanimous-consent agreement ask unanimous consent that the order ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIFTH AN­ which might be proposed. for a qt.iorum call be rescinded, and that NIVERSARY OF EVACUATION OF BOS­ Mr. RUSSELL. And time and again I further proceedin3's under the call be TON BY T:dE BRITISH have made it. I have said that it is bad suspended. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I practice to have a unanimous-consent The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there call up House Resolution 145 and ask agreement which requires the Senate to objection to the request of the Senator for its immediate consideration. vote upon many amendments at one from Arizona? The Chair hears none, The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ time, without having any explanation and it is so ordered. lows: is made of them. That the position of RECESS Resolved, That there is hereby created a the junior Senator from Georgia. I have special committee which shall be composed made that statement time and again. Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, it' of nine Members of the House of Repre­ Mr. WATKINS. I did not imply that is evident that we shall be unable to sentatives to be appointed by the Speaker there was anything wrong; but I want to transact any business this evening on of the Ho-i.:se of Representatives, one of whom have my position made clear, and I want the pending bill. It is my hope that we he shall designate as chairman. Any va­ the RECORD to show it. shall proceed tomorrow in an orderly cancy occurring in the membership of the committee shall be filled in the manner in Mr. RUSSELL. I am glad to have the manner, and that we shall be able to which the original appointment was made. point of view expressed by the Senator_ make some progress. W1th that hope, SEC. 2. The committee shall represent the from Utah, even though the bill is one I move that the Senate stand in recess House of Representatives at the celebration in which I happen to have unusual in- until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. of the one hundred and seventy-fifth anni­ terest. · The motion was agreed to; :md