- .. THE WHITE HOUSE
WASHINGTON
July 22, 1983,
Dear Mr. McDaniel:
I want to thank you for sending a copy of Building on Yesterday, Becoming To morrow: The Washington Hospital Center's First 25 Years to Mr. Deaver for his perusal. He is traveling out of the country at present, but I know that he will enjoy looking at it upon his return.
Again, thank you for your thoughtfulness.
Sincerely,
Donna L. Blume Staff Assistant to Michael K. Deaver
Mr. John McDaniel President The Washington Hospital Center 110 Irving Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20010 [ I
THE WASHINGTON HOSPITAL CENTER II II II II
July 14, 1983
Michael K. Deaver Deputy Chief of Staff Asst. to President 1600 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20500
Dear Mr. Deaver:
Enclosed you will find a copy of Building on Yesterday, Becoming Tomorrow: The Washington Hospital Center's First 25 Years.
The hospital's history is significant in its own right because it was a struggle to provide Washington with the hospital people had been clamoring for. It was a response to the concern reflected in a 1946 Washington Post story headline which said, "District's Hospital 'Worst' in U.S., Medical Board Finds".
It also seems that The Washington Hospital Center's history mirrors the history of the period which brought dramatic changes in America's approach to patient care and hospital management.
Now, health care providers and managers find themselves in a new era which demands innovative strategies and financial skills that would challenge the best of the Fortune 500 scientists and executives. And we are responding to these new demands. The Washington Hospital Center is the anchor in our new multi-institutional system, The Washington Health Corporation. The vision and commitment of our trustees who created this new system matches, I believe, that of the group that worked to make The Washington Hospital Center a reality years ago.
I hope you enjoy this birthday book as much as we have been enjoying this anniversary year.
Sincerely, ~M~ WMcDaniel President
Enclosure
110 IRVING ST., N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20010 Becoming
Tomorrow
washlngton Building
on
Yesterday, I Becoming Tomorrow l r
,__
The
washlngton
Hospital
Center's
I nrst 25 Years
Contents
Introduction 1 I. 1958: An End and a Beginning 3 II. 1871-1943: An Honorable Ancestry 7 III. 1943-1946: Crusade, Campaign, Victory 15 IV 1946-1952: Delays, Detours and the Determined Mr. Dewey 21 v 1952-1957: Forging Bonds 25 VI. 1958-1962: Off and Running 31 VII. 1962-1968: A New Role 39 VIII. 1968-1971: Charting a Bold Course 47 IX. 1972-1978: The Open Sea 55 X. 1979-1981: Coming of Age 65 XI. 1982-1983: The Tern po of Tomorrow 73 Appendix 81
Introduction I
The regional skin bank Not a having and a rest· Throughout the ensuing 25 As the Center moves into its at the Center, providing Ing, but a growing and a skin grafts that criti years, the Center has con second 25 years it is, as usual, canr burned patients becoming is the character· tinued to honor the legacy of planning ahead with verve. istic of perfection. d .!.: :;r.. :l5-year mark, lilt- il~ L An End and a Beginning 3 D.C. Hospital Center Is a By that time the Center federal legislation and financed Dream Come True- "had lost its deserted look," in part by federal funds. The Washington Star, The Washington Post reported. Construction began in late September 2, 1956 The first of the patients to be 1954, and the Center was transferred from the merging slated to open in mid-1957, but hospitals, a Washington, D.C., the opening was delayed by woman recuperating from the usual minor hitches plus surgery, arrived in the Emer one relatively serious setback: gency Hospital ambulance at one of the high-pressure steam hen the doors :'°,;:has of the thou 8:30 a.m. And when the out boilers burned out, and it took c..;nds o( babies to be of the Washington Hospital patient department opened at several months to repair. 0 ,_,n: ai the Center Center opened at 8 a.m., 9 a.m., about 15 people were An aerial photograph taken x·_•uld wait out the March 10, 1958, a young Army i-. 'li rs >ll'>'l'ously in waiting to be treated. in September 1957 shows that -i;, ~fork Club. couple expecting their third The cafeteria in the base the external construction clut child was waiting. The red ment opened, and mid-morning ter was pretty well cleared and haired, 24-year-old mother, the "a good crowd of hospital per the lawns were coming alive. Center's first patient, was sonnel'' was on hand when the Still, it was late October before whisked through admitting Center's administrator, hospital workers could get into and into the labor room, and Dr. Warwick T. Brown, was the main building to clean up soon the loudspeaker system called to be the first customer after the construction crews was announcing that the baby in the coffee shop just off and to organize equipment and was due "momentarily." the lobby. supplies. The message could be heard Through the day patients Actually, at the time the by the expectant father who continued to arrive, including Center opened the Washington was waiting in the hospital's three premature infants trans Hospital Center School of Stork Room along with a ferred from Garfield to the Nursing-an offspring of Gar clutch of photographers and Center's new nursery. In all, field's School of Nursing-had a number of well-wishers. 36 patients were admitted. already been in operation for More than 100 nurses, who The $24 million facility-an six months. The school's build had little to do until the hospi 800-bed hospital and a school ing was completed first, be tal filled up, were waiting and of nursing on a 47-acre site cause student nurses had been listening, too. was the product of a merger recruited aggressively to enter The loudspeaker kept prom combining three institutions. class in the fall of 1957, and ising "momentarily," but the They included two general hos needed a place to live. But their baby-like the Center itself pitals: The Central Dispensary meals had to be trucked in, and took a lot longer than anyone and Emergency Hospital, and they had to ride the school's expected; it was not until 2:40 Garfield Memorial Hospital, green bus to Garfield for clin p.m. that the 7-pound, 3-ounce and a smaller specialty insti ical practice. boy arrived. tution: Episcopal Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital. Like very _\:vsrs Jlartha Jones, ·"17 ,;11d Pat Rubin, many District of Columbia in ~ th.- cesarean sec stitutions before and since, the :blt!( -,.,:,.ym o( the deliv Center was made possible by C'J S111it,- at'the Center. 4 The coffee shop, located ojf the main lobby in 1958, would give way to an expanded cafeteria and new fast food line. Windows behind the tables sh location of the Lobby Shop which would be remodeled many limes as it expanded. passed through a receiving line headed by to the tours), the Center cont< the Center's president, the Hon. Charles ties to accommodate 400 outpal Dewey, and other top officials, then toured and parking for 1,000 cars. Pal the facilities and were served refresh with one or two beds made hos opening day approached, ments in the School of Nursing. a thing of the past. Intercoms 1 A,the Center began to come alive. The engi On Saturday and Sunday, March 1 and bed with the nursing statio neering department went to work, the 2, the Center sponsored an open house for place of lights over doorway cafeteria opened, the payroll staff set up hospital personnel, allied health workers Every room had an outlet J its offices. Groups of nurses from each of and the general public. Despite cold eliminating "old-fashioned the merging hospitals came over for ori weather, the turnout was phenomenal: oxygen tanks through the c entation and training sessions. All through 10,000 people formed lines that reached Center brochure promised. Be the month of January nursing supervisors the gate at First Street and Michigan raised and lowered electrical came over to set up nursing stations, and Avenue. Some people waited as long as stead of a noisy paging syst1 medical records got ready to centralize all two hours to take the two-hour tour led by would carry "a small, wire the old records being transferred. enthusiastic freshman nursing students radio." Every floor had its owr On Friday, Feb. 21, the Center's admin dressed in bibbed, striped uniforms and assure hot (or refrigerated) istrators invited the press in for a preview. toting megaphones. "early bird" coffee cart woul On Sunday, Feb. 23, the Center held a The institution that the crowds came to rounds each morning befon reception for members of the D.C. Medical see was huge and full of innovations. It Visiting hours would be unres Society and their spouses; 1,200 persons also, by its very newness, stood in sharp The Center prided itself on contrast to the many dilapidated hospitals the first completely air-cond that had been the lot of Washingtonians pitals in the country-a vic1 for decades. In addition to the 800 beds (all of which were made up by the student nurses prior I 5 "This (Washington Hospital Center) is the realization of a dream that has been titillating our individual and collective professional appetite for many years," said Dr. Ralph Caulk. medical staff and management, who had the utility room, and had them carted to objected long and strenuously to proposals the Center; two weeks later, reassured, ~o air-condition only the operating rooms they had pitched out most of them. and nursery. There was a pneumatic tube Episcopal Eye, Ear and Throat Hos system to shuttle messages and small pital, youngest of the three merging articles around the hospital, and one of hospitals and the last to agree to join :he nation's first computerized hospital the Center, was also the last to move. accounting systems. The hospital maintained a full surgical The medical and surgical facilities were schedule through the spring, and in view literally what the doctor ordered. The of the heavy outpatient practice, chose to hospital was planned, as they said, from wait until the Center was fully equipped, :he inside out. Physicians and nurses, as and its routines firmly established. Epis ·.\·ell as librarians and dietitians, worked copal stopped admitting at midnight, June -.,ith the architects and the administrators 12, and performed the last surgery on Crisp, clean one- and two-bed rooms replete with :.:1 determine the needs, locations and lay the latest in equipment replaced multi-bed wards June 13. On June 14 Episcopal trans :ms of the Center's 19 clinical depart of the pred!'Cessor hospitals. ferred four patients to the Center (includ :::ents, 35 clinics and assorted support ing two with eye emergencies who came :' II. An Honorable Ancestry 7 "The war of the rebellion Several hospitals in exis doctors, they got together at found Washington a tence today trace their origins Dr. Barker's home.Just two straggling vlllage, made to these years. In 1861 the weeks later the Central Dis of the District of Columbia Sisters of Providence opened pensary was in business. an enormous fortified Providence Hospital: Freed The dispensary occupied a camp, and left the begin man's (now Howard Univer two-room building, on the nings of a modern city." -Report of the U.S. Con sity) Hospital was organized in corner of 10th and E streets, gress Jolnt Select Com 1864; the Columbia Hospital on loan from the Georgetown mlttee to Investlgate the for Women and Lying-In Medical College where most Char1t1es and Reforma Asylum opened in 1866. of the young men had gone to rricld .1!c111orial ;pita/ opened 011 tory Inst1tut1ons ln the Children's Hospital started school. Two druggists donated , 18. 1884 i11 the D1str1ct of Columbia, 1898 out in a rented room in 1870. $147 worth of drugs and the H .\la11sio11. located As for the hospitals that city appropriated $278 sup v.>V 1111da r\' St reef /!' Florida A1•ei1ue) merged into the Washington port. One doctor was always lu head o( 10th Hospital Center in 1958, on hand at the dispensary, and ( t. .\'. l r' Emergency traces its begin the others were on call. During nings to 1871. Garfield opened its first year it treated 511 xcepl foe the Gov its doors in 1881, and Episcopal patients. During the second it Eernment Asylum for the Insane treated its first patients added a board of directors, and (later St. Elizabeth's Hospital) in 1897. treated 662 patients: the and the Columbia Institution The Central Dispensary and annual report listed 444 as for the Deaf and Dumb, every Emergency Hospital: 1871 cured, 68 improved, 57 still public charitable institution "Like many another, if not under treatment, 10 sent to and agency in Washington had most medical charities, the hospitals, 51vaccinated;27 its origin either during or after birth of the 'Central Free Dis failed to report and 5 died. the Civil War. Between 1861 pensary' was presided over by Expenses, which came to less and 1866, 85 "hospitals" were young medical men," the 1898 than $500, were met by private opened. Some were temporary congressional report said. contributions plus an allow buildings thrown up on public "The recently graduated physi ance from the government. lands; others were churches. cian has almost always an hotels, and large private homes abundance of ... enthusiasm." that were commandeered for The young medical men in government use. The U.S. this case were Dr. H.H. Barker, Capitol housed wounded sol a gynecologist, and Dr. G. L. diers; in the Patent Office lit Magruder, a surgeon. The two ters and cots lined the aisles of ten talked of the need for a between glass display cases. dispensary that would provide treatment and medicines for the poor of the city. In April a riv eve c!iJ1ic iii 1871, with four other young ··i« Id ·s-outpaticJ1/ rt me JI I !<'as {!h t to be the la test re. 8 In 1874, the Central Dispensary faced a serious financial crisis, and a number of doctors on the staff resigned. Many of the directors agreed the dispensary should close, but three of the doctors, including Dr. Barker. were determined to keep it open. They did so at their own expense and with the aid of a friendly druggist. That same year two doctors collected $800 in an attempt to serve the German speaking immigrants in the city. When their plan had to be abandoned, they turned the $800 O\U to the Central Dis The alle11di11g a11d rcsidc11! staff of EmcrgcJHJ Hospital cirrn 1884 1ccrc from hf!. jaJJ1c; pensary. and the dispensary added some also a s111gco11 al Ga1ficld Hospital. u•hu 111arricd ],auric Rell. dauf:{hler of Alexa11der ( German doctors to its staff. \\"illiam Hi11cs Hall'kes ..11.D .. a specialist i11 childrc11 's diseases al both (;a1jidd a1u In 1877 the Central Dispensary moved hospitals: l\(1dc H. Alki11so11 . .11.D., a rcsidc11!; Su•ai111 .11. Bumcll .•11.D .. medical s/1 into a larger building, which contained an Gco1ge/ou·11 professor and al 011c time presid('}I/ <~(Ilic Cosmos Club: Presley Craig H11nl . .1 i11 Jli'rl'Ol/S diseases: Thomas .\!orris Jlu rray, .\1. D.' also{/ fou 11dcr of Episcopal r~\'(!, Ea} extra room. For years the dispensary's Hospital: He11ry Lo1cry E111ilius }oh11so11 . .11.D., a trustee of the A111crican .\lcdical Ass. physicians had asked for a third room \\"illiam Lee, .11. D.. libraria11 of the A.11..-1 a11d afo1111dcr of Ilic Cosmos Club. where they could treat accident cases most accident victims were taken to police years it became a familiar sig stations, where many died for lack of ingtonians. Drawn by horses s; prompt treatment. The directors, how "with all four feet off the cc ever, were apprehensive about the expense ambulance flew down the st and liability of adding an emergency T e little hosp;ta] on 10th Street the then-frequent parades. It hospital. with its two "wards" and a dispensary to pass occasionally through f It was not until 1881 when the dispen quickly outgrew its quarters. In 1886 it it once cut through an inaugt sary moved to an office building on 10th moved to a house on 12th Street, but the During one parade in 1899, the Street next door to the Fifth Precinct building also proved too small. In 1889 the ambulance was stationed righ Station that emergency services got under directors made the great decision to con reviewing stand in front of tt way. Dr. Barker arranged to have the struct a building expressly for the hospi building. Before the day was police bring accident victims to the Fifth tal. With a $30,000 appropriation from picked up one person having< Precinct, where the dispensary's resident Congress and $25,000 from the sale of the women and old men who fai physician could give immediate assistance. 12th Street property, Emergency pur crowd and four drunks who ]: When this worked successfully, the board chased a triangular piece of land bounded the street and cut their heads. agreed to open a male and female ward, by Ohio A\'enue, 15th and E streets. Around 1912 the gover and they incorporated in April 1882 as A committee visited hospitals in other nounced its plan to take ovt The Central Dispensary and Emergency cities; the staff helped to plan a hospital Avenue site for the Federal T Hospital. that would meet their needs. The first Emergency, which needed In 1886 the hospital's history records "a floor was arranged so an ambulance could anyway, prepared to move ag most unfortunate occurrence." Some an drive in, and the sick and injured could be the Department of Commer tagonisms had developed among the removed without being seen from the engulfs the site.) The director doctors on the staff. A group of directors street and taken straight to the emergency land on New York Avenue, caucused, and when it distributed a room. The first floor held the dispensary most beautiful sites in the c printed ballot at the next meeting of the and waiting rooms, and the second floor, and launched a well-publici2 board, it omitted the names of three doc wards and a few pri\·ate rooms. The raise $300,000. The campaig tors-the same three who kept the laundry and kitchen were on the third cessful and in 1914 Sen. Jacob dispensary afloat in 1874, including the floor. The roof of the four-story brick hos (R., N.H.) who had helped ge co-founder, Dr. Barker. "When these pital was flat and open for a promenade sional appropriation of $100,( doctors read the ballot, they all three left and for convalescent patients. Two wards cornerstone while the Marine l the meeting and the hospital forever." were held in reserve for some major catas When the new Emergeni trophe-such as might occur when the opened just one year later, pa city filled with visitors for presidential 10-story, gray brick building inaugurations or parades. out over to the Corcoran Gal In 1892, the year Emergency moved into the Ohio Avenue building, the hospi tal also bought an ambulance. Over the 9 lie Washington Monument: past the ' tate. War and Na,·y building. to the , 1uth portico and lawn of the White Hou~e: and beyond the trees of the Ellipse •l rhe dome of the Capitol. The directors saw to it that the 170-bed :.. · ~pita! was "second to none in quality." a'ld an editorial in The Washington E1•en- 1uf Star boasted that "the new Emer .lency Hospital represents all the advances ·hat have been scored along the lines of ,anitation... During the first year it -:andled 25,000 cases, and its new motor zed ambulances made between 3.500 and ~. 00 runs. The hospital treated more E111('}gc11cy Hospital's horsc-draH•11 a 111bula nee 11·as a fa 111ilia r siglil 011 I I 'ashing/on st reels al !he lu m of ·-actures and poisoning cases than all the the century. The story goes that Charles Stanley ll'hilc . .11.D .. as E111crgc11(1' 's house s111gco11. rode llzc ~h er hospitals in the city. a111bula11cc do11·11 Pc1n1syl/'(/11ia A1•c11uc i11the1905 inaugural parade of Theodore RoosCl'clt-a11d llzus :::Jowly, however, the "emergency go! lo sec the pa radc. :-ature diminished. The dressing station _ 11 71 became a general hospital." Two pedics." By the early 1940s orthopedic build a nurses home on a plot of land _·~ he most influential forces in the hospi- patients ordinarily occupied 100 of the between the Lemon Building and the •. ' :' evolution were Dr. James Mitchell, hospital's 310 beds. hospital. A nine-story East Wing addition, ;.,_') served as chief of surgery. and Dr. During the years Emergency twice built in 1928, increased the hospital's .::. rry Kaufman, who served as chief of added significantly to its capacity. In 1923 capacity to 280 beds. -.cdicine, from 1915 to 1946. For more the hospital acquired a five-story office As the official history notes, "Emer • an 30 years, Emergency's history says, building on New York Avenue known as gency has played a part in most of the ·-:e-'e two men "directed and dominated the Lemon Building. Thanks to a cam critical dramas of Washington. From the ~r-c- ,,·ork of Emergency Hospital, setting paign led by Col. Edward Clifford of the early crashes of motor cars and wagons • eir stamp upon it as a hospital where Board of Directors and Bessie Huidekoper to a runaway train crashing through the -cdical service was of a high order: a Fay, chairman of the Women's Division. Union Station; when a theater roof col pita! specializing in surgery and ortho- Emergency raised more than $300,000 to lapsed from the weight of snow. or a hurricane swept the town; when a blind man walked into a streetcar or a grocer 'vvas shot chasing a bandit, Emergency has gone into action." Garfield Memorial Hospital: 1881 On March 4, 1881 James A. Garfield was inaugurated as the 20th president of the United States. On July 2 he was shot by an assailant. Although grievously wounded, he lingered through the sum mer, and died on Sept. 19. The medical community had been agi tating for a decade for a general hospital ) that \\·ould pro,·ide free care to the de serving poor. Providence, although a gen r eral hospital, was sectarian, and it was not free. A general hospital had actually been organized in 1874, but it failed in 1876 for lack of support. Local physicians led by { e ti Dispensary and Emergency Hospital cirm 1916 al its J(l//z S!rccl and Ohio A1•c1111c site 1s 1101c engulfed by the Co111111crcc Dcpart111c11/. 10 Dr. Francis A. Ashford tried to get the built to the west of it. The hospital was first six months 115 patients WE Washington Asylum, which had degen dedicated in May 1884. According to the 73 free. and the rest contribute erated into a poorhouse, con\'erted into a president, Justice Miller, it was "a day a week according to their mean: general hospital, but as physician-his of perfect brightness ... disclosing from By the end of its first year torian Samuel Busey records, "The bane the height on which the buildings stand were so great that the hospital· of politics so dominated the authorities ... far over the city and broad sheet of the away 62 patients, and by 1886 < that they could not be made to appreciate Potomac, a prospect of inspiring loveli ward plus a "well-lighted the difference between a hospital properly ness." But the center of attention, he said. equipped (surgical) amphithe constructed and managed, where people was "the beautiful grounds of the hospital under construction. Thereaft could go to get cured, and a pest house, itself, with its fine wards and spacious added one building after anotI- where people were sent to die." rooms. all of matchless neatness." The Memorial Hall-started in 18~ 32-bed hospital was furnished with "every anniversary of Queen Victor needful appliance, medical and surgical, tion-housed com·alescents. and with an elaborate dispensary" and Building, named for the justi1 it boasted a medical and surgical staff, in 1890, went up in 1891 with resident physician, matron and nurses additional 65 patients. In 1891 when Garfield's shooting all of the highest ability in their respecti\·e Aid Building added operatinf T us. surgical wards, and in 1896 prompted letters to the editor calling for positions. "a general hospital to be known as the It admitted its first patient on June 18, Building provided an up-to-c Garfield Memorial Hospital," the commu and Dr. S\vann M. Burnett (v-.iho was also logical and bacteriological nity was ready to act. Dr. Ashford and one on the staff of Emergency) performed the along with a carriage house of the letter writers, A. S. Solomon, en first operation 10 days later. By the end for the ambulance and the listed Justice Samuel F. Miller of the of 1884 more major operations had been dent's carriage. (One early arr Supreme Court to preside O\'er a public performed at Garfield than at all of the donated by Alexander Grahar meeting. The group that assembled at other District hospitals combined. In the of $12,000 from the children' Lincoln Hall in October affirmed the in tent to erect a general hospital in honor of Garfield's "long and patient suffering of the wounds that caused his death." (Both Justice Miller and Mr. Solomon sen-ed on the hospital's Board of Directors until their death.) Dr. Ashford, who was named to the Executive Committee. was quick to point out that the National Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home had, by 1882, accom plished its purpose. The Garfield Com mittee negotiated the transfer of the home's assets, worth about $50.000, with congressional assent to the hospital. This money was used to purchase a seven-acre site surrounding the Haw mansion on Florida Avenue (then Boundary Street) at the head of 10th Street. The old mansion, which was to become the Administration Building, was re modeled, and a two-story pavilion was Garji'e/d Hospital surgeons operating 1cilh north-light and inca11descent bulbs cin unmasked nurses standing at attention on the periphery. One of the first difficulties we encountered," wrote the Ladies ~.\id Society of Garfield, "was that of obtaining the service of an efficient superintendent along with the capable nurses. Our medical staff at the time would not have these officious women our hospital. There was no alternative but for the ladies to ake hold of the matter and secure, without consulting the staff an intelligent graduate," Sophia French Palmer. Daisy Chain Guild plus an appropria ~ from Congress put up the Annex for _ ,.., agious Diseases. where most of the ogg _ .., cases of diphtheria were treated. ho- e Johnson Building, dedicated in 1909 children's ward, was taken O\U by !es -apidly growing obstetrics department en er the protests of other departments." :as e \Villard Building added space for 'lift ery rooms around 1912. An extensi\·e up xieling and building program took e in 1925, and the \Varwick Building , completed in 1933. By the time the rnment built the Cadet Nurses Build during World War II. Garfield con Ry ja1111(11:1· 1884 a site for Grnfie/d Hospital /zad bee11 localed a11d p11 rrlzased Ji1r $3/.51111. () ed of ele\'en acres CO\'ered with 14 lrn'.l{e reside11ce 4 LH. Scl1J1eido: a lzardlf'are 111erclu11J/. lf'lziclz bl'Ca111e 1/ze ad111i11islralio 11 b lf'as razed i111Wi31111d replaced 1cilh the b11i/di11J; 1cillz llzejlago11 !op /right). 11; the h:(l 1.< I - by some counts, 26) buildings. "With R11i/di11g, 011c of the ma11y 11·i11gs added after 1890 a11d 11rw1ed after bc11efaclors or imporla11 t 1 ---: st every addition." the Garfield his- i11 the lzospital 's dc!'clojJ111rnl. ~ says, "the original plans have been ered until the result seems to some Society had earlier taken it upon itself to and pupils who are intelligent. e Topsy." recruit Sophia French Palmer, the remark efficient and give much satisfact -:-he Ladies Aid Society of Garfield in able woman who was responsible for discharge of their duties ... :-'.JOrated in 1882 "to direct and assist in founding the Garfield School of Nursing, When Miss Palmer left. i. · e establishment and maintenance." but as matron. found yet another school of nu - the management, of the hospital. In "One of the first difficulties we en American Nurses' Associatil . '"' 1tion to sponsoring garden parties, countered," wrote the society, "was that American journal of "\"ursinf! r:- and sewing circles, the Ladies Aid of obtaining the service of an efficient edited from 1900 to 1920-~ e -iranized a nationwide fund-raising cam superintendent along with capable nurses. ceeded by Georgia Ne\·ins. _ ::rn with agencies in nearly every state. Our medical staff at that time would not the official history of Gari1e ey soon raised $12,000. have these officious women in our hos says, "was destined to influe e _.\ few years later they contributed pital. There was no alternative but for the atmosphere of the hospnar· •:;.ooo for the construction of the Ladies ladies to take hold of the matter and long service from 1894 to • Building, and had the third floor secure, without consulting the staff, an only built an excellent repu·a· ":Krfectly fitted up" for the Training intelligent graduate." training school, after 1907 s e hool for Nurses that the directors had Miss Palmer clearly proved a happy as superintendent of the hos 1· - .-:1ded to organize. The Ladies Aid choice. The hospital's annual report in 1890 called her "well-qualified to teach, both theoretically and practically, and the pupils whom she has brought here are of a superior class." The medical staff praised her as "thoroughly trained and experienced, in every way qualified ... and ably supported by her trained assistants 12 latest equipment: two 200.000-volt deep and had no telephone, but therapy machines, t \\'O powerful diag dispensary and a fully equip nostic units. fluoroscopes and equipment room. It held 13 beds. thr for urological work and radium therapy. rooms. the rest in three-be< In the first year treatments totaled 6,686. nursing staff consisted of a s1 Around the turn of the century Garfield and four student nurses: thE physicians treated soldiers who de\·eloped numbered six. malaria in Cuba, and Dr. Adolphus B. The Board of Governors Bennett of Garfield. then an intern. found and the salaries. but the B what proved to be the first hookworm Managers paid for eYerythi parasites ewr known in America. light. laundry, sen·ants, foo Typhoid fever was an annual scourge. hold supplies. The ladies The usual treatment at Garfield inYoh·ed monthly visits to determir icy baths to lower the fever: a tub was needed. and whene\·er poss II .i/lia111 Hu/11111d 11 ·11111cr /{'l/S 0111' Baltimore. "It had been h to and other area hospitals gave operat pensaries went on uninterrupted. the William H. Wilmer Foundan - pri\-ileges to Episcopal doctors. Since more private rooms bring in more by friends of Dr. Wilmer \\'OU he -hen the U.S. entered World War I, income, in 1922 Episcopal remodeled the Episcopal for its research in. ti _39 opal was the first hospital in the area fourth floor into private rooms, and moved Board of Lady Managers \HO e · of :ier its services to the go\'ernment. It the nurses to a house next door on the foundation decided that Hopk1 - _37 , designated as an examination unit corner of M and 15th streets. Subse much larger and better know eel. ~ he Aviation Branch of the Signal quently, the nursing school was enlarged would achieve greater thing. s- -.. and nearly 3.000 of these men were and "everyone tried to make life as pleas there. Episcopal was proud to : illined at Episcopal. In addition, 19 of ant as possible for pupil (student) nurses." Wilmer so honored." a World War II, like World \far I ·as difficult times. BetweenJanuar_ - :he of 1942. 74 nurses left-so ma ear nursing school had to close. In a 4, of the resident medical staff \\e ta! service. Although the hospi a nts sprang back after the \\·ar Board of Governors, facin pal culties of repairing the \\Or us and operating it profitabl_:· rt- decision to join with E \'as Garfield to form the \fa::h1 pel. Center. r a the der had en, !rs. iard _\ 1932, 28 years aflrr the first patient 1ms admitted lo the three-story building 011 15/h Street Episcopal Hospital had added a fourth story ofpriuate rooms and mo1•ed the nurses to a house )(J rt1/ the comer of 15/h and,\/ streets. ,\', W Crusade, Campaign, Victory 15 The hospitals in this area driving force behind the One volunteer was Thomas are characterized by ob creation of the new Center, Reynolds, a banker who served solescence of a rather remembered being on the as treasurer of Emergency high degree.-Heaith and board of Garfield. Every time Hospital for 20 years and Hospital Survey, J946 he heard a fire engine go by, he treasurer of the Center for 10 said, he "offered up a little years, and then, from 1969 to prayer that it's not (sic) my 1971, as president of the Board hospital." The D.C. Fire of Trustees. Mr. Reynolds was Department was said to have one of a group of 90 men who a standing order to respond was given several weeks of B etween 1930and instantaneously if it ever got basic nursing training and 1945 the population of the -.'ilia rd Tyd iilgs a call from Garfield because it fashioned into the Men's Vol : l.1 introduced Federal City nearly doubled. was such a firetrap. unteer Corps. Like many other .·pilaf Ceil/er Act An influx of workers came to Overcrowding in Wash volunteers, he was often given '·. .s. S('J/a/c. carry out stepped-up govern '.' aulhorizl'd ington hospitals during the jobs that were usually the llio il lo improz•c ment programs, first during war was severe. Persons with domain of professionals. At 'rofuillarl' the Depression, then through illnesses of every sort were times, for instance, he was put '-'· the preparedness period, and mixed in together, and space in sole charge of a ward with finally for the war effort itself. was so limited that beds were 15 to 18 patients. The strain on the city's set up in sun parlors and halls. Another volunteer was Mrs. health care facilities was Providing they were not too ill, Roland F. (Isabel) Pryce, today enormous. To begin with, the Washingtonians who could secretary of the Center's institutions themselves were afford it traveled to hospitals in board. Too young to be a Gray notoriously inadequate. Many New York, Boston or Baltimore. Lady, she worked as a war of the buildings were decrepit, To further complicate time aide at Episcopal. One of some relics of Civil War days. matters, the war drained the her jobs was to glue patches As one hospital inspector city of doctors and nurses. onto rubber gloves worn in the wrote, "(One) can read the Two out of e\UY three physi operating room but, in emer history of the institutions in cians were in the service; gencies, she would fill in as an the additions, wings and those who remained often OR nurse. separate buildings of various worked 14-hour days. For six months Mr. Rey vintages and various stages of Spurred by patriotism, nolds' job was to drive the senescence." persons from all walks of !ife Emergency Hospital ambu Even worse, fewer than half volunteered to help out, many lance (serving the population of the area hospitals were con in the evening after their living west of 7th Street: sidered fire-resistant. Charles regular working day was over. Casualty Hospital. nO\\" Capi Dewey, the remarkable gen A lawyer worked at night in tol Hill Hospital. co\·ered the tleman who was to become the the basement of Emergency territory east of 7th) and Hospital repairing frames used sometimes he was the only for traction; a custodian of the "medical man·· on board. House and U.S. Senate ran the laundry re the arena _ lobbyingcf service. n the Center upporl. 16 ,\lrs. Ed1mrd Fay. Jlrs. ,1fi//ard 1_'vdiJ1gs aJ1d Lady Elysabcth lldsh, called the ··three graces" by Charles S. De{('(\'. 1ccrc i11strumc 11 tal ;11 bri1 _ idea to fruitio11. Al right is Sc11 . .\Ii/lard TydiJ1gs at !he dcdicatio11 of the Cc11/e1: Dec. 1.1957. Mr. Reynolds remembered \'i\·idly ambu The hospitals' shortcomings had not (R., N.J.J; in 1947 she marn lance runs to boarding houses where new gone unnoticed by physicians, adminis Welsh and became Lady We comers to town lived crowded in ·with trators and trustees. "But as reasonable Mrs. Tydings worked fir strangers. When these people fell sick, he men these individuals recognized the aide at Garfield. Then sl: said. they took to their beds. but for want short supply of labor, materials and chairman of the Red Cros of a family to nurse them, or a family money," Mr. Reynolds said. "And as rea Corps of Washington, a doctor to call on, "their otherwise mild sonable men, they concluded that nothing brought her into contact illnesses ripened into a hospital case." He could be done. Not so with the ladies." city's hospitals. Mrs. Barb picked up one girl, he remembered. who Specifically, two of the ladies to whom at the old Sibley Hospital o had lain unconscious for two days. Mr. Reynolds was referring were Red Street, then asked to be r Cross nurse's aides, both married to sena others; one of these was Err tors. Eleanor Tydings was the wife of Sen. Millard Tydings (D., Md.); she is today Mrs. Lowell Ditzen. Elysabeth Barbour was the wife of Sen. Warren Barbour 17 e hospitals' shortcomings had not gone unnoticed by physi ans, administrators and trustees. "But as reasonable men ese individuals recognized the short supply of labor, materials d money," Mr. Reynolds said. "And as reasonable men, they ncluded that nothing could be done. Not so with the ladies." ~"' nm women were appalled at what along with trustees Samuel Kauffmann, The committee found Rep. Wigglesworth · und-facilities that were outmoded, president of The Washington Star, and "most cooperative and sympathetic." - - \\·ded and pest-infested. "The story Stanley Willis. Garfield was represented Sen. Tydings introduced the Hospital e big rat, which I encountered in by its president, the Hon. William R. Center Act in the U.S. Senate. The bill daylight in the corridor of one of the Castle, and trustees Thomas Dunlop and authorized the expenditure of $35 million _ · hospitals, is true," Mrs. Tydings Clarence Aspinwall. Episcopal's president, to improve the city's voluntary hospitals. ' Tote. "Lady Welsh says that my Henry Blair, came; and so did Children's Of this, $21.7 million was to go for a 1,500- - ption of it, as it stood looking at president, Charles Drayton; George Wash bed medical center, which was to merge ~ rl ing its whiskers, improved with ington's president, Dr. Cloyd H. Marvin; Garfield and Emergency hospitals, along d ling and that each time I told it and Georgetown's president, Rev. David with others that wished to join them. ra· grew, from as big as a puppy dog V. McCauley. Their inevitable conclusion Each participating hospital was to have "'1g as an elephant-but Lady Welsh was that a modern expanded hospital its own section in the center, but they -.erates too." must be built. would share laundry, heating and similar t\\·o young women enlisted the services. The bill also charged the Federal ·a prominent and influential friend, Works Agency (later the General Services Reginald (Bessie) Huidekoper, later Administration) with acquiring a site "by Edward Fay. Mrs. Huidekoper was purchase, condemnation or otherwise" as e Board of Trustees at Emergency, soon as possible after the war's end, and ad long been respected as a leader in T ccommittee brought in an ex with providing buildings and equipment. al matters. As early as 1923 she pert from a large New England medical In exchange, the hospitals were to turn a campaign to raise $300,000 to center who adYised them it would be over their buildings and lands to the the nurses home at Emergency. pouring good money after bad to fix up the government. The hospitals would then ater the Center's Board of Trustees existing structures. He urged them to have no further links to the government. eulogize her as a "gifted, wise, build a new center, economizing by shar With the sponsorship of Sen. Tydings, persuasive, diligent, gracious lady" ing facilities like laundry and heating. The the bill sailed through the Senate. The :- years gave of "her time, personal committee also consulted a fund-raiser House, though, was a different matter. In - - and the hospitality of her home to from Philadelphia, who told them that a mid-1945 Sen. Tydings, who had already -<'.' bout th;s bme the hosp;tal Acommittee acquired an invaluable and lifelong ally-Charles S. Dewey, an ac complished, dedicated and persuasive businessman and statesman. He had served as an assistant secretary of the Treasury, an international monetary con sultant and, from 1941 to 1945, a Republi can congressman from Illinois. He had also been on the Board of Trustees at Emergency Hospital, and would later be president of the Garfield Hospital Board of Trustees. His further invol\'ement with the hospi tals, he recalled, came through "the Three Graces-Eleanor Tydings, Bessie Huide koper, and Elysabeth Barbour." The \\'O men asked Mr. Dewey to lobby among his former colleagues in the House. "He was tireless," Mrs. Barbour said, "and he never got discouraged." The committee also enlisted the help of the press, and throughout the campaign the papers did "a magnificent job of pub lishing the facts and calling upon public backing." In March 1946, as the hos pi ta! bill languished in the House, The Daily /\'ews carried a series of articles compar ing Washington hospitals with those of Boston, Baltimore and Philadelphia. The Washington hospitals, the stories said, needed to be "rebuilt from the ground up." COMMITTEE FOR THE HOSPITAL CENTER MRs. REGINALD S. HurnEKOPER, Chairman MRs. CARRERE BARBOUR HoN. SoL BLOOM WILLIAM R. CASTLE MRS. DWIGHT F. DA HoN. CHARLES S. DEWEY THE RT. REv. ANGt: GEORGE A. GARRETT MRS. MILLARD E. T c ~ "':.c:mber of the staff who looked forward C.E. Winslow and Dr. Ira V. Hiscock of of a true desire to meet community neec.:; ·: ··Dr. G. Victor Simpson said. Yale. The District's Community War ... It would be desirable to coordinate ~he controversy dragged on and on. It Fund set aside $24,000 to pay for the services with those of a general hospita a, the Episcopal bishop, Angus Dun, survey, and the survey team set up an Garfield: "It enjoys excellent pu - finally settled it. Bishop Dun had office at 18th and L streets. esteem ... (but) the general plant i_ an active member of the Hospital Dr. Munger, assisted by Donald Cordes possible to operate as an efficient med -~·er Committee from its earliest days, of St. Lukes, headed the investigation of facility." -r he had always wielded a good deal of the city's hospitals. For six months they Emergency: "It is surrounded by e ·e;-a - ., uence in the way that Episcopal Hos- and a dozen or more consultants visited government buildings whose need::: · ' \\·as run. 25 area hospitals, interviewed hundreds expansion are likely to bring go\·ern : the height of the debate, Dr. Simp of hospital employees, and documented duress for sale of the property.... It and two other physicians from Epis the deplorable conditions. "In no other city occupies an important place among : ·s staff went to visit the bishop in his of comparable size in this country would District's hospitals and deserves the ence on Wisconsin Avenue. They one find such a large proportion of physi portunity which an enacted Tydingc _ ...,d the issue was closed. "The bishop cally inadequate hospitals and such ex would give it for better facilities up," Dr. Simpson reported, "and tensive need of complete rehabilitation," wider public service." "It has to be final. We are going to the Health and Hospital Survey concluded. The survey recommended that ··1 ·he merger. I will not support a fund The blame lay not with the administra· tion of the nature of the present T_ ·ct e for Episcopal Hospital.'" tors, the survey pointed out. These people bill ... be enacted, as a necessary m ne final round of ammunition in the were "trying their best to maintain decent correcting the present grossly inadeq e to get the Tydings bill passed came conditions for their patients but were hospital facilities for the citizen_ o e form of a report issued in May 1946. striving against difficult and discouraging District of Columbia." Health and Hospital Survey was odds." The surveyors felt "less sympathy The Munger report made the "Tiissioned by the newly formed Wash ... for the local community, the District pages of all the papers in the cir:· n :'vletropolitan Health Council, of government and other elements which trict Hospitals Called 'A Disgrace · ·· 1-i Dr. Herbert Ramsey, an obstetri have permitted such conditions to exist Times-Herald headlined. "Worst 1 C ~~y necologist at Garfield, was a found- and to grow worse." said The Washington Post. Tlz :nember. In mid-1945 three highly Looking at the three merging hospitals, i\'ews, The li'ashington Ei•ening tar red hospital authorities agreed to Dr. Munger's report said: The Post all carried editorials calh , surveyors-Dr. Claude Munger of Episcopal: "There is a good spirit of ser· better hospitals. Lukes Hospital in New York, and Dr. vice at this hospital with ample evidence Mrs. Tydings announced that t pita! Center Committee would letter and newspaper clippings a report to every member of the Ho chairman of the House District v u._ __. tee explained that his committee Single Copy Price waiting for a report on the Center plan from the Federa Agency, while the agency. in · Sc been waiting for the Health a d Survey; he predicted that the · make its way to the Hou_e fl ~ CARRIER DELIVERY SINGLE COPY P CITY ZONB Dally and SundaJ' $1.10 Per Month Dally $0 a few weeks. Dall1 OuI1 •. 65 per Mo.-Sun. Only, .45 per Mo. Sunday In fact, the formalities • longer than that. The agenc_ · "'.dl5 tions to some of the bill._ f1 a istrict's Hospitals sions. Still, the battle wa_ House at last gave it appr Aug. 8, 1946, President Har . - re 'Worst' in U. S., signed the Hospital Center ..\ edical Board Finds Doctor . Delays, Detours and the Determined Mr. Dewey "(President IJncoln) never Meantime. the General Episcopal, died. Gen. F sleeps at the White House Services Administration struck shortly after he was el during the hot season, but a deal with the Soldiers' Home president, left Washin has quarters at a health to purchase about 150 acres of become ambassador to location some three miles its 500-acre property for the Rica. and, as Mr. De\\·e north . .. the Soldiers' Home."-Walt Whitman, Hospital Center, the Veterans served, "This naturall - quoted by Carl Sandburg Administration Medical Center. him off from actiw pa; and the extensions of North tion in hospital affairs Capitol Street and Illinois In January 1951 '.\lr : S. Dewev. OJI Avenue. \\.'as elected to the boar plishcd, d~di· The proposal did not meet Garfield. William Ca:: e .nd P<'rsuasi1•e with universal enthusiasm . president of Garfield. ··1 .·s111a11 and w11. u'hose Hosp;tal Cente' "There was an immediate cry done a yeoman's \\·or - - :hip hrl/J!'d billT became Public Law 648 in that this would put the Hospi ing the (Hospital Ce!' e~ 1111/ delays in tal Center in an isolated place," \\T • 1·a1io11s, sff1•cd 1946; ground breaking took alive," Mr. Dewey zdml of /he Cc11· place in 1953. During the seven Charles Dewey later wrote. ever, Mr. Castle's heal 11.\larch1952 "The real facts of the matter not good, and during· nuny 1959. years in between, the project took a wrong turn, slowed were, however, that according of 1951 he prevailed u down, and nearly halted to the District commissioners' Dewey to take O\-er altogether. findings, it lay almost in the dency. Mr. Dewey wa The selection of a site was center of the greatest density president of Garfield': one of the first concerns. A of population, and offered in November. search committee headed by many ... means of access." Maj. Gen. Philip B. Fleming, In April 1950, the board rec· chairman of the U.S. Maritime ommended that the three hos Commission, received a vari pitals accept the Soldiers' ety of suggestions: land from Home site. Gallaudet College: the area Meantime, the Hospital now occupied by the State Center project was losing Department; the Garfield momentum because of changes Hospital acreage. in leadership. It lost two of its champions when George [ zi1:v Farm, !he Garrett, who had been pres J· Wash ing/011 ident of Emergency, was ,' Cr11/er, circa appointed ambassador to T/11 small while ;: 111 /he lou•er Ireland, and resigned; and gatehouse of Henry Blair, president of · rs· Horne, Lions Eye · arch center, . /rec/and 11.41•enuc. ·orlh Capitol dsal Michigan and !r11ing s11 '/exist. 22 T ough the winter of 1951-1952, Mr. Dewey nudged the Hospital Center project along. He oversaw plans that were being drafted, and attended numerous meetings with government officials to discuss the transfer of the property of the three hospitals to the government. Early in 1952 Mr. Dewey undertook what he later referred to as the "an nealing" of the three medical staffs. "The doctors and heads of the hospital boards were ·wondering who was going to boss the thing. The top surgeon of one won dered who was going to be the top surgeon of the new one. There was a great deal of pushing and shoving," Mr. Dewey recalled. "I could see there was a great deal of unwillingness to lose identity of Emergency, Garfield and Episcopal to a new hospital." In February 1952 Mr. Dewey held a dinner meeting in his apartment and in vited three of the leading physicians from each of the hospitals. The group included Dr. Worth Daniels from Emergency, Dr. William Jenkins from Episcopal, and Dr.]. Ogle Warfield from Garfield. "Whether it was the good food and wine which my wife produced," he wrote, "or the realiza tion by the nine eminent physicians of the importance of the question, the result was satisfactory, and they agreed to start Ga1ficld Hospitals co111plcx 1cou/d be dc1110/ished lo make 1t•ay for an clc111 rn work on the development of an adminis housing project i11 the 1960s. trative plan for uniting the three hospitals into the Washington Hospital Center." we traded off those buildings that were Another matter to be settled involved used for hospital purposes, but we kept the transfer of real property from the the parking lots, the Lemon Building, and hospitals to the government. Mr. Dewey the Warwick (Building)." worked with attorney Nelson Hartson to When Mr. Dewey testified before the draw up an agreement. "It was a pretty Senate Appropriations Committee, which good agreement," he reminisced, "because was considering the Center's request for $22 million, he was quizzed about the "bargain" that the Center had struck. He retorted that "all the federal govern ment could do is build brick and mortar. What are you going to put inside? Where are you going to get knowledge, organi zation and the care of the sick? That you can't do; you couldn't buy it for the differ- The fast site of Ernergr ence between what you're going to get building on Sew York Ar and $20 million. So they all scratched their heads and said, 'We guess you've got something.' " "Whether it was the good food and wine my wife produced," Charles Dewey wrote, "or the realization by the nine eminen physicians of the importance of the question, the result was satisfactory, and they agreed to start work on the developmen of an administrative plan for uniting the three hospitals into t Washington Hospital Center." I n March !952Gen.Flemingr _. and Mr. Dewey was elected pre.:. c the Washington Hospital Center xc that same meeting he was able : > - that the transfer of property wa- a for Garfield and Episcopal, though - gency 's transfer was still being n He also appointed a committee o"° - Frederick Bradley, Thomas Reyn Murray Preston to draft a set of byla the Center, which were adopted i, . Mr. Dewey then turned his at e staving off a potentially fatal The legislation signed in 19-±6 ex June 30, 1952, and time was rap ning out. Mr. Dewey tried repea- - get the attorney for the Genera. _ ~ Administration to take some ac - the necessary congressional hea: not get under way until mid-J - then a Southern senator tried -o entire legislation because one ~ ~ vided funds for Providence H sectarian institution. "Again, my acquaintance' i· and members of the House :: good stead," Mr. Dewey ".' several hearings, which at ti quite vituperative, the Tyd1 _ was generally known, wa ~ ex- years to June 1955. " On July 3, 1952, the three par~...__. hospitals signed an agree e General Services Administra·· - ting the hospitals and the alike. The Washington H · · ai was on the move again. -story Episcopal Hospital~' last building zcould be raz1d in //z c 1960s lo makl 11m for th e Jladiso11 Holt I - V. Forging Bonds Washington's grand new Physicians met with ad Mr. Dewey spoke up for a 800-bed hospital center Is ministrators, administrators large auditorium in the nu: taking excellent shape ... met with government archi building, and space for Ep1::- with sweeping lawns, tects, and then, in September, copal's chapel. He sugge:c. ed roads, towering, wide all the groups met together. wing that could house staf' flung unfinished build Dozens of issues needed to be ings, an underground officers and also pro\·ide re • passage and Mr. Charles settled: how many beds, for offices for physicians. S. Dewey .... Mr. Dewey one. Inflation had lopped off The government's archi appears every Sunday, 500 beds from the original helped to pull the plan:: ba ' (. Ash 111cad makes a tour of It all and 1,500, and the number had into perspective. "To get air r _1i rst /1rcsidcJ1t memorizes the latest ad shrunk further to 800. Should conditioning you will ha\e ! (1sh iJ1gfoJ1 vances.-Washington there be four-bed rooms, or give up beds," he told the ti CcJ1tcr Da1ly News, Nov. 23, 1956 ·s DfrisioJI that only private and semiprivate you want 500 beds \\·e ca .,,. ca 1111 the rooms? How many beds did you all you want. But\\ he :, .4 uxi/ia ry. the psychiatry department you get this miracle build" ~ need? Did the Center want a built, you still ha\·e to ru department of pediatrics? it, ... (and ) the only inco (Medicine said no, surgery said source you have is bed:: ·o D ing the summer yes: the decision ultimately In the long run the Ce of 1952 the merging hospitals went against a pediatrics de got both air conditioni a;- began to buzz with plans. partment, "especially in view 800 beds. What \\·em "e Charles Dewey brought on a of the new addition at (sic) dimensions: rooms g< r _ - hospital consultant to help Children's Hospital.") Episco and lost their closet ;:;pa organize and unify their ef pal was holding out for a sepa corridors grew narr ' ·e forts, and he asked the medical rate pavilion and a separate the years the decisi staffs to select representatives outpatient department. condition has pro\·id from each specialty who could One of the main areas of de of continuing satda study the needs for their own bate involved air conditioning. decision to pare dow department and list recom Mr. Dewey, among others, size a source of regre . mendations in detail. These opted for partial air condition lists, along with suggestions ing-only in the operating from nursing, dietary, laundry, rooms, delivery rooms, nur engineering, medical records series and executive offices and housekeeping, were fun rather than reduce the number neled into a Medical Planning of beds below 800. The consul Committee. reviewed by the tant and many of the medical General Services Administra staff saw the need for air con tion, resubmitted to the spe ditioning all the patient areas, cialty groups, and then passed "especially in this climate," along to the GSA architects for to prevent the hospital's cen preliminary sketches. sus from falling off in the :;raduating . E111ergcncy summertime . liool of - 'J/ ]111/l' 1951. 26 ith basic arrangements tak ing shape, and architectural work under way, Hospital Center leaders next turned their attention to the new Center's orga nization. As Thomas Reynolds wrote, "The new corporation found itself with three of everything-three chiefs in each department, three administrators, three head orderlies, three chief elevator operators." "The elevator operator question was settled by automation," Mr. Reynolds quipped, "but all of the other areas in- volved negotiations." Dr. 11 (mcick T Brou•11. third Ji·oJll left. administrator of Emergency Hospital The board established a Finance and motorized aJ11b11/ancc. Operations Committee to grapple with these issues. At one point, Mr. Reynolds with governing and making policy for the men and elected rep1 reported, the committee spent so much medical staff, the Medical Board of the departments and sul time-"days, nights and weekends"-at Center would be the voice for over 800 meeting, with somt the home of the chairman, Samuel physicians. there are nearly "1( Spencer, that his children drafted a written Emergency Hospital's Medical Board 1957, and it met m protest. had always been fairly large; basically it early president de c An underlying principle was that no one consisted of all the department chairmen. "usually long, occa would lose a job because of the merger, At Garfield, in contrast, the medical staff oftentimes weariso and the board sent each employee a letter was ruled by an Executive Committee, and ca ted to the high pi guaranteeing employment. However, spe for years it had been dominated by just a sions for the good of cific appointments were not announced few men: the chiefs of medicine, surgery, The three medi1 until three months before the move. radiology and pathology-men like Lewis that no one would At the level of the trustees, the boards Ecker, Harry Hyland Kerr, E.A. Merritt, moted without pric of the three hospitals amalgamated into a and Janvier Lindsay. At the smaller and of the other hospi Board of Corporators. This body was more unified Episcopal, the Medical Board worked well. As given the responsibility for electing the had played a less visible role. everyone made the trustees from its membership. Reconciling the differences "was not ter. The Center's · The board itself was painstakingly sub easy," Dr. W Dabney Jarman recalled. Dr. 552 courtesy phy: divided by threes: each hospital was al Jarman, a strong supporter of the merger, the words of Dr. lotted nine positions on the 27-member was at that time president of Garfield's Medical Board pre board, and each hospital group of nine Medical Board. "Everyone wanted the of our medical com consisted of three physicians and six lay biggest piece of the pie," he said. The sole depart1 persons. From the 27 trustees came a The Board of Trustees did not accept entirely from the nine-person Executive Committee: one the original set of bylaws submitted by pathology. The doctor and two lay members from each the Medical Board; the Medical Board merging hospitals hospital. Nevertheless, Mr. Dewey ob rejected the bylaws proposed by the Board velop plans for tht served, "certain friction continued to exist of Trustees. Finally Mr. Dewey appointed and they even for a certain length of time." a three-man bylaws committee, and gave receptions so the Organizing the Medical Board took a them a deadline. Dr. Jarman, who chaired staffs from the tt little more doing. As the body charged the committee, remembered presiding over to know one anot "endless" conferences. Eventually, with fell apart, howen committee and trustees working together, they got an agreement ironed out and the final draft of the bylaws received the trustees' approval in November 1957. The outcome was a board resembling that of Emergency, made up of the chair- The new corporation found itself with three of everything hree chiefs in each department, three administrators, three ead orderlies, three chief elevator operators." nologist from Garfield who was near C. Ashmead Fuller of Garfield the first Mr. Dewey, who had just r~ _ == retirement, served as acting director president. The speakers at the meeting president of Garfield so he cou --.e a search committee recruited a new were Mr. Dewey and the administrators full attention to the Hospital LJ.a list not connected with any of the to-be, Dr. Warwick Brown and Richard M. spoke out firmly. "We haw a .:.. · ng hospitals. Loughery. tract with GSA" he said. "\Ye. e task of trying to bond the three June 30, 1955 to award the c• , zien 's boards was given to Mildred contracts." He offered to give .nger, then president of the Ladies Aid director a tour of the city's ho:: ery at Garfield. She was a graduate of ities to demonstrate the need · -Garfield School of Nursing and wife Center. The two men met pn a. l !ICU' ~- :\Iaurice Selinger, a member of the r. Brown had emerged the Center got the green light. -_ fogy services at Garfield and Epis as the leading candidate for the top posi In February 1953 the G :\ .. The other two groups were the tion when plans for the Center began to land from the Soldiers' Home ~ 11 the en's Board at Emergency, and Epis take shape in 1953 and 1954. Dr. Brown an acre; in October the Cenrer first :·s Board of Lady Managers. Each of vice admiral, MC, USN, retired-had bids for preliminary work on t today had its own approach, its own cus- taken over as administrator of Emergency in November the GSA a\\·arded a May , its own funds , and its own pet in 1952. During his 35-year career as a for $225,000 for surface grad r. An ~rs. Navy medical officer he had served in Iwo and site clearing. ns as rs. Fay asked Mrs. Selinger to take on Jima and Guadalcanal, and he had helped In December 1953 ground IOUS, ask. but Mrs. Selinger was reluctant plan and equip a new 600-bed hospital on broken. Elysabeth Welsh a dedi· Jse she "knew it would be difficult." Long Island. Tydings were on hand to cele deci· res Dewey once again stepped in. In 1955 Garfield's chief administrator with Mr. Dewey and other ...,_ - Dewey got ahold of me and took me resigned. Mr. Dewey encouraged the 35- medical staffs and the adm1 greed ~'.1c h , " Mrs. Selinger recalled. 'Tll year-old assistant administrator, Ri chard the three hospitals. r pro r fo rget it. He said, 'You 've got to do it Loughery, to stick around. .. 'You ' re a ~ e staf. se you get along so well with people, young man, Dick,' I told him," Mr. Dewey The summer of 1952 ma ·heme 1u know administration.' " reported. " 'Brown will quit in due course The three merging hospiral near!~ -e gave in, and meeting after meeting and you 'II have the job."' In 1956 Mr. concerted effort to sa\·e the G- ,. Cen- '1eld at her house as the three groups Loughery was named deputy administra of Nursing. Emergency's :: . ·e anc ~o devise a set of bylaws acceptable tor at the Center. ing, which dated back to l _ •ed, ir dyone. Despite strong support from Episcopal's administrator, Deaconess to close in 1951, the \·ict1rr: e firs Fay, Mrs. Selinger found it "a Margaret Bechtol, had served as acting and a shortage of nurses tha· egmen di fficult, trying, unrewarding job. I superintendent since 1945. She had come supply of teachers. · over backwards to be fair to all to Episcopal as house mother in 1941, and In June 1952, Garfield's · derivt ards, . . . (but) my phone rang day before that had done mission work in to close the Garfield :: s wa_ ~- ht." Puerto Rico. At the new Center, Dea but the medical staff rebe: ec: m tht e solution was to proceed, for the coness Bechtol was named director of the got the board to agree ha to de ";)eing, as three separate guilds form volunteer programs. be cut, and $30. 000 co itects "fomen's Division. Each guild would ~ Aug. 15, the school could r s anc. s own officers, hold its own meet The Center's plans struck an unex committee headed by Dr. E ts anc. and maintain its own special inter pected snag in the opening months of 1953. issued "a desperate eme :;, uld g nd its own monies. Twice a year the In response to the newly elected President the community. merg - zuilds would meet as a whole in a Dwight Eisenhower's call for a balanced Rice, ,;:-ess." budget, the director of the Bureau of the e Women's Division, thus consti Budget put a hold on all construction Jess met in April 1955, and elected Mrs. than 20 percent completed. Up to that point, Congress had made available $2.2 million in cash appropriations to the Cen ter and an additional $19.5 million had been authorized. 28 011 Dl'c. 30. 1953 ground {('GS brokl' ll Ji1r the 11 ashi11gto11 Hospital Cc11tel'. f'osi11gcl'/ltcr are Lady f~fy sabl'lh 11 'c{sh (left) a11d .1/rs . .1/ i/ of lh l' th rel' u•om1'11 i11s/ru 111c11/a{ i11 /he 111crgcr. Th e third . .\!rs. Ed1m rd Fay u•as 110/ present al th e ca c111011y. Hatless a 11d bala 11ci11g Charles Dcu'(\'.formcr president of !h e C1' 11fcr ~' Board of Trus/Cl's. Olhl' r dig11ilaril's i11c/11dc: Bishop Angus Du11 U(1r/cft). DI'.]. 0. ll i11 11·ilh glasses). D1'. Ir T Brolt'll (behind Dr. 11(11:fi"cld), Dcaro11 css Rcc/1/ol (behind Lady 11 (,lsh!. D1: 110rlh Daniels f11cxl lo lhedcaro11l: 1l(i/ler Tobri11c1'. H. L. Rusi.}>: (bcl1eecn .\!rs. Tydings and .1/r. Dc{('cy). DI '. Ho1mrd Parker (to /h i' right of,\fr Drn·(vJ a11d D1: Willia Both Episcopal and Emergency hos to shepherd solicitously. According to Garfield's administr pitals, as well as Garfield's own staff. a newspaper interview in 1954, "Some bered noontime trip stepped forward to help. The president of days Mr. Dewey spends as many hours tion site to watch " Emergency's medical staff sent a memo talking to congressmen in their offices into a big brick buildi urging physicians to contribute, and the and committee rooms, as he did regu '4 Women's Board of Emergency donated larly when he was a member of the House All three of the ho $1,000. of Representatives." a marvelous surpri ~1 The appeal brought donations in kind, "We're down in the budget to get $4.5 with all the other nc too. A large produce company gave a million for construction work for the year tals in the countr ~ carload of onions which student nurses beginning July l," Mr. Dewey said. "I announcing a subst sold on street corners, earning publicity think we're going to get it because this Ford Foundation to for their cause as well as some money. administration wants to do something for fit to further health One way and another, the funds rolled in. the health of the people. But it doesn't to spend its windfa By Aug. 16, Dr. Rice's committee could hurt to let the congressmen know how bilities of the new announce that the fund drive had gone much we need it here." Center. Emergency over the top; the School of Nursing would By the June board meeting Mr. Dewey and complexity of tt stay in business. was able to report that the legislation had programs at the ( The Hospital Center legislation, passed passed both houses of Congress and was money for a directo in 1946 and extended in 1952, authorized on the president's desk waiting to be Episcopal decided · the expenditure of $21.7 million for the signed. The plan was to advertise bids for lectureship progran new facility. However, each year Congress the main construction job in August, open had to approve that portion of the funds to them in October, and start work in No be spent in that fiscal year. In early 1954, vember. On Nov. 10, 1954, the contract In 1957 the Cen1 for example, Congress had before it a re was awarded to the Standard Construc financial hurdle. quest to appropriate $4.5 million, for fiscal tion Company, and the target date was set million approved i1 1955, of the $19.5 million still unspent of for May 1957. been allocated to the original authorized money. By April 1955 the building was "begin supplies and fun The congressional appropriation pro ning to come out of the ground"; by later the Center d1 cess was one that Mr. Dewey continued November, despite problems with ground need an additional water and a workman's strike, it was The original fi more than one-fifth completed. Employees rough estimate. ~ like Ruth Goodman, then a nurse at Gar field, and Helen Conner, who worked in ·elines developed by the Public Health pleted. They set Monday, March : ice were geared to 200-bed hospitals opening day, moving plans were = ~ less complete diagnostic and treat motion, and the Center prepared to m ..-e -:;- facilities. A sizable amount was patients at 8 a.m., Monday. nded on developing plans for the c aicing the ceremony was Then, one last terrible delay oca.:; ·al Observatory site. Then, of course, Executive Vice President Samuel Spencer; At 5 p.m., Thursday the phone ran -a·ion had taken its toll. In addition, Bishop Angus Dun offered the invocation. D.C. Department of Licenses and In, - . 00 was needed to air-condition the On the platform were Mrs. Fay, who had tion would not let the Center open I of Nursing. organized the dedication ceremony; Lady certain electric and gas line connect . :e GSA agreed to ask for an ad Welsh; Mrs. Tydings and her husband, the were altered. Dr. Brown and Mr. Lou · :i.al $1.7 million, but the Bureau of former senator, Millard Tydings; and the picked up a colleague from the G .-\ Budget balked. It would agree to an Hon. William R. Castle, former president raced to the Center. They took apar: -c-ase of only $500,000, plus $290,000 of Garfield. (Both Sen. Tydings and Mr. of the electrical connections and · - - ously unappropriated. It wanted the Castle had been made honorary trustees furiously to figure out a way it co ·er to transfer more old equipment of the Center in 1955.) fixed, then called a District inspect :'rom the merging hospitals, and dis A representative of the General Ser came at 9:30 p.m. and okayed \\·ha: -ed the funds for air-conditioning the vices Administration presented Mr. Dewey had done; all the next day elect. · - ':ig school. with a gold key and Mr. Dewey, the worked to change the rest o· - Dewey once again mustered his principal speaker, reviewed the Center's connections. =-He prepared a detailed rationale for long gestation: "With such a propitious Meantime, the administrator ~ddit ional funds, and he recruited start, I wish I could tell you that this out a plan with the Departme: physicians to lobby congressmen splendid conception soon became a reality. Licenses for having the gas line . Dr. Herbert Ramsey, then the Alas! it did not." adjusted. The inspector came out o ::-diate past president of the D.C. Med Other guests included the presidents of the electrical work, then went ba :nem - - iety, took President Eisenhower's the merging hospitals-in addition to route his report through the ~ ·truc _ al physician on a tour of the new Bishop Dun, Walter Tobriner of Garfield bureaucracy. It had to move fr ~ grow and F. Moran McConihe of Emergency; License Department to the health ~ ... - Dewey sought a hearing before the Samuel Kauffmann, first vice president of to the commissioners. e District Subcommittee and, with the Center, and H.L. Rust, Jr., first vice Dr. Brown and Mr. Loughery n1r.:-.: -.1strators, staff and GSA represen president of Episcopal; Dr. Warwick T. day Saturday. When they heard - = in tow, laid out his case. "In the Brown and Richard Loughery. by 4 p.m., they called the Distric c- of the hearing," Mr. Dewey re When the speeches were done, the ment. "We'll have to check," e_ ~ Sen. Wayne Morse, (D. Ore.), the guests toured the new facilities. Many of told. It was another 30 anx.ie :-- ~an, said, "'We'll adjourn the hear them must have shared Mrs. Tydings' sen minutes before the phone call ca..~ - saw omentarily.'" Sen. Morse then timents: "Getting the legislation through Center could open on schedule. ecided · the floor of the Senate and offered was a big thrill for me. And it still is a big capa c:ndment to a bill about to be voted thrill for me every time I come into the at the -:e amendment called for an addition Hospital Center." .-10.000 to the original 1946 act. That evening Mr. and Mrs. Fay held a - -:; he came back about 15 minutes dinner party for all the founders. It took :\Ir. Dewey said, "the roll had been place, as Mr. Dewey pointed out, almost and (the amendment) had gone 14 years to the day since Mrs. Fay had .. h." hosted the first meeting between "the ate as the fall of 1957 Center offi ladies" and the hospital presidents. - ped to be able to open before the The dedication came and went. The - end. A ceremony to dedicate what opening date was pushed back to January, aslzingfon Star called "the splendid then February, because of delays in con ~.-ashington Hospital Center" was struction and lack of essential equipment ~ed for Dec. 1. no bassinets, for instance, and no doors on ~ unday afternoon gathering was the operating rooms. Ordering supplies ed by 350 persons, and it brought through government channels took time, er those friends, comrades and allies and a lag had developed while the GSA d labored together for more than waited for the extra $1.7 million to be de to see the Center become a approved. Finally, the board determined that the Center would open in March, even though some minor details remained to be com- Off and Running This is a great day . .. the nurses, only nine of 15 operat beds, pneumatic tube::, . a sad deterioration of medi· ing rooms in the main suite claves-were plagued b_ cal care facilities in the had opened by July. As a result, hobgoblins. The interc nation's capital has 40 general beds were still not suffered from faulty d _ ended.-The Washington staffed. Another 28 beds in the and were further im pa.1 - Post and Times Herald, maternity section were not in user inexperience: 651 March 10, 1958 use, either; the baby boom, at soon needed repairs. its peak when the plans were Still, oy midsummer being drawn up, was waning. Center was able to re In addition, the Center faced it was operating at 21 ph Caulk. )irsl an assortment of minor set of capacity, and deli \·e~~ •I oOhc .\lcdirnl backs. For the first few weeks quality patient care. 1tiic Ccnlc1: Hosp;tal Center after the opening, employees gency room was hand 1/ the dcdirntion Tmoved quickly into full stride. l• nta Dcc. 1. had to trudge through the patients a month. Be - Ht /l'OU!d SI'/'/'(' The patient census, which snow from First Street and March and October , Cm/er until stood at 36 on March 10, had Michigan Avenue, because city tient clinics had logg n 111ml in 1916. grown to by the end of the 359 buses were not yet rerouted to visits. The Center'::, r month. During March 197 the Center. Then, when the Thomas Reynold_. · babies were born. buses did arrive, they were too "gratifying at thi::, ea- _ As of]une 584 of the 1. big to maneuver the road in that the June cash r Center's 773 beds were staffed. front of the main entrance. approximately ba la.~ On June 9 the psychiatric ser Curbs were trimmed and an disbursements ... He vice opened, and with it alternate bus stop was built in a $1 million line of c another 33 beds. Then, to front of the outpatient clinic. three area bank::'. ~ accommodate Episcopal's Cables for the street lights happy that he ne ·e'.' - move to the Center, 68 more proved faulty, leaving the Cen draw on it. beds were opened in mid-June ter's roadways and parking The merger o - ::- . and another 20 in July. This lots pitch dark at night. While at times appear · brought the total to 705. the old cables were being dug while the Ce · e- Of course the opening days up and replaced, the Center seemed fo r the and weeks did not pass with borrowed floodlights, which ha\·e de\·elo out a hitch. Surgery faced a once illuminated the Wash temporary bottleneck: because ington Monument, from the under w a ~ . of a shortage of anesthesiolo National Park Service, set gists and operating room them up on the Center's roof, ilh 1171 ilc has and trained them on the tine/ion of !wing parking lots. ?/0_1·cc ll'ilh tlzc Several of the Center's new rv nlinuing •fscn•icc. In fangled appliances-electric - /l'ould c/za/k a rs in the x-ra_1' •11 l'!1/, a career '>< gan at Gar- zd continues at ta. ------32 "The Center rather soon developed an staff into coming earlier, and gradually decades as an orderly in identity of its O\'\'n," Dr. Dabney Jarman more of the general surgeons would stay emergency department. said. "There was still a little competition. over into the second hour. Roberta Hook, RN, w< but never any feuding. We had so much to The nurses, more than the doctors, nursing in the outpatient do, we sort of stopped thinking about our seemed to have trouble truly merging. For Episcopal and then at th differences." one thing, personnel policies and regula would receive her 35-year p Mr. Dewey, speaking about the trustees. tions differed from those they were used Nossie Hannah came said that he had "never seen such perfect to. In addition, some nurses who had been housekeeping department cooperation as finally de\·eloped among supervisors at one institution resented vacationing friend in 194-1· those 27 men." being assigned to a less prestigious slot in on until 1981. the new hospital. Annie Bonhart asked Of course that was not universally the during a visit to Emerge case. Frances Veasey Burke, who had they needed help; she been evening and night supervisor at that same day in 1945. Af Episcopal, felt that "at the Center, even hostess in dietary her vie T emerger of the med;caJ staffs though I stepped down I was stepping up. "everything's gotten bett was coordinated by Dr. Ralph Caulk, the It was a larger place, with many more Helen Conner joined the first man to be elected president of the opportunities ... than in a small special in 1948. In addition to _ new Center's Medical Board. In many ized hospital." office of the administrat ways Dr. Caulk was a natural choice, be For the first couple of years the nursing was a steady if quiet cause he had links to all three merging supervisors often heard the refrain, "But operations of the Board hospitals: chief of the radiology depart this is the way we always did it at Emer served, first as secretar~ ment at Garfield, as he was at the Center; gency (or Garfield, or Episcopal)," Ruth later as assistant secreta on the Executive Board at Episcopal; and Goodman said. She credited Katherine its inception until her ret on the courtesy staff at Emergency. As Knauff with smoothing the transition. and never missed a meet the immediate past president of the D.C. "Mrs. Knauff was excellent," Frances secretary to the Medical _ Medical Society he was well known Burke agreed. "Under her guidance we Violet Blewitt, who h throughout the medical community. And, finally became one hospital, and started services at Emergency in his own words, "I had no out-and-out working together." patient department ~t. enemies." Another reason that the Center was so Center. In addition to h In contrast to the "many hassles" that successfully launched was the hundreds duties, she saw to it marked the medical staffs' maneuverings of employees who transferred their alle deserving patients ca~ while they were writing bylaws and giance to the new venture. Many of these of the eedy Sick Fu drawing up plans of organization, Dr. people would still be at their jobs in the Auxiliary. In 1970, a. Caulk said, "Once we got going everything 1970s and even into the 1980s. service, 12 of the 20 c went quite smoothly." One eminent example was chief of engi have been with her fo:- One mechanism that helped to draw neering, Robert Hollingsworth. "Chief," six of them since the Cc the medical staffs together, according to as he was called, brought with him years Ruby Schofield bego Dr. Herbert Schoenfeld, was the Tumor of experience in hospital engineering, the age of 15 in Emergenc: Board. Typically the first half of the two most recent at Garfield, where they used ment, where the mana.;. hour conference was presided over by a to say he was "the only thing holding the play from time to time general surgeon, the second half by an ear, old buildings together." The work of the dent Calvin Coolidge nose and throat specialist. By scheduling engineering department touched almost fellow" who greeted h cases involving cancers above the collar every aspect of the Center's operation, but on his morning cons I bone toward the end of the first hour, it Chief and his engineers worked so World War II Mrs. :: was possible to draw more of the ENT smoothly few people were aware of their jobs at the hospita: activities. When he retired in 1975 over besides. She spent th half of his staff had been with him more laundry, worked as - than 15 years. in the afternoons, a~_ Granville White, a cheerful and en meals for dietary in L ergetic x-ray technician, was another example. He would celebrate 55 years of service in 1981, and keep on working. Despite a daily 20-mile commute, he almost never arrived late to work. Herman Wilson started out at Emer gency in 1944; he then spent two more 3 When they learned that the would cost $10,000, they approached anthropist and Episcopalian Paul >Ie He encouraged them to submit a requ for funding the following year: 1 meantime, the contractor agreed to free of charge, on his own time. September 1959, the chapel was the:: of the first wedding at the Cence~ ; a intern from Germany married a Cross volunteer. The Gold-Headed Cane Award. sented for excellence in medical pra s as a and teaching, was a tradition that cam that the Center from Garfield. It had origins in 17th century London, wh court physician presented his own headed cane to his protege and succes:: The Garfield staff revived the pra in 1951 to honor Dr. Harry Hyland - Dr. Kerr, a surgeon of renown and · .:~ tility-exceptionally accompli hre neurosurgery, plastic surgery and a' · inal surgery-was, in the \.\·ord:: former colleague, "the shining ligh e body at Garfield looked up to." At the Center, the Gold-Headed Award was presented for the fir t June 1958, at the first staff dinner.· Walter Wells, W Cabell Moore. _a; Mitchell and Herbert Schoenfeld. In 1949 Garfield's physician_ al tablished the Harry H. Kerr Awa:- ·. - given each year to the best scientif . written by a house officer. Thi:> a 'u his retirement in 1975. Chief Hollingsworth headed /he engineering department for more than too, lived on at the Center. A 195 ·;:. -first at Ca1field Hospital and then al the Center. shows Dr. Kerr, in plaid cummer bow tie, beaming over the sho December 1958, hundreds turned out to that year's winners. view their colleagues' collections of china A tradition of a different Pres1 dogs, antique irons, decorative bed dolls like the others, would conn e equ1 and flowering orchids. The coffee shop in present-was the Needy ic F - !led b: ne of the concerns the Cen· the main lobby became a favorite gather Needy Sick Fund was desi eC 0employees had to contend with was ing place for staff, employees, and volun otherwise "thrifty, respon ible ogre of bigness." Dorothy Elliott, a teers. Bowlers were recruited for a team; pendent" people pay bills incurr ther -:ical nurse, likened the old hospital to tennis courts opened next to the School of in th - family, the new hospital to a big city. Nursing. A group of physicians formed a perat -e nurses even complained of shin band, and the student nurses sponsored a id nigh -:rs because the corridors were so long, sock hop. ·he new floors were concrete instead Many of the traditions of the merging ood. hospitals were soon woven into the fabric -:-adually the perception of bigness of the Center. The Chapel of the Interces di. and the Center worked to build a sion came from Episcopal in its entirety. se of "hospital family." When the As soon as the merger was certain, -_·er sponsored a hobby show in Episcopal's Lady Managers decided to move it, and three women's boards made it a joint project. 34 of catastrophic illness. Many of the bene ficiaries were young people, or persons whose health insurance was limited. The fund arranged for the hospital to cut its bill and physicians to waive their fees; the fund then picked up whatever the patient could not. The Needy Sick Fund was developed at Emergency by Dr. Worth Daniels, who saw the need and encouraged one of his patients to become the initial donor. Not only did Dr. Daniels administer the fund. his warmth and kindness inspired many donations in his honor. He also made frequent contributions to it. "It was his habit," the Center's magazine, Center scope, reported, "to dash off a note and a donation-in memory of a friend, to cele brate a patient's recovery, to honor some one's birthday." ,Hem be rs of the Lions Club District 22C pitch i11 lo gi1•e a Ji-{'sh coat ofpai11/ lo the I heir eye bank localed al the .11ichiga11 A1•e11ue and First Street e11/ra11ce. A s 1958 wore on,a variety of Hollywood was turning the play into a time the three hospitals hospital-related activities took place. The movie, the owners of the Tregaron estate Tobriner followed Mr. Kiwanis moved in its orthopedic clinic; loaned their mansion for the filming of a of Garfield in 1953. In Chief Justice Earl Warren officiated at the party scene. The owners, the three was named president o• ribbon-cutting. Episcopal brought its Leroy daughters of the late Joseph E. Davies, Commissioners, and the L. Sawyer hearing and speech clinic and one-time ambassador to Russia, happened "reluctantly agreed its visual aids clinic to the Center. A large to be Mrs. E. Fontaine Broun, president of resignation. and ultramodern blood donor center the Women's Division; Mrs. Millard In March 1959, Dr opened. In October the Center's Stork Tydings, immediate past president; and who had guided the L Club was the scene of the city's first Mrs. Robert L. Grosjean of New York. The infancy, retired at 69. preparation for parenthood classes. three sisters gave the Hospital Center the When Dr. Brown In March 1958 the Women's Division $10,000 they received for loaning the tirement, the trustee:o opened the lobby shop and stocked it with estate and for getting their friends to Richard Loughery to perfumes, jewelry, Italian porcelain, and serve as movie extras. Then, when the Loughery, a native of I: leather cigarette boxes. Business was so movie came out in 1962, the Women's War II veteran of the . good that by the following January the Division sponsored a benefit screening to the Washington women needed to build an addition; by and raised another $5,000. way of Garfield. \\.11 1961 they were able to present the Center As the Center approached its first birth assistant administra with a monthly $500 check from the day, it witnessed two major changes in 1953, he was almos profits. The Women's Division also began leadership. Charles Dewey resigned, as he mersed in plans for th to sponsor fund-raising outings; one of the had planned, as president of the Board of Garfield's chief adm1r first, a theater party to see Advise and Trustees, and Richard M. Loughery was then was named dept. Consent, netted over $11,000. appointed administrator. the Center in 1956. The Center was to benefit twice more To succeed Mr. Dewey the trustees with federal archite: from Advise and Consent. In 1961, when elected the Center's executive vice presi researched other me dent, the Hon. Samuel Spencer, who and lessons, and hel. helped to draft the Center's bylaws. Mr. hospital's organizati Spencer served as president until May Looking back or 1960, when he resigned because of the year of operation . pressure of other responsibilities. His successor, Walter N. Tobriner, was a member of the Center's board from the r .... eatured on a tour of U.S. hospitals for a group of international ospital administrators and personnel, the Center was de cribed as "the most modern approach in hospital design," an aracterized as "one of the largest and most modern institu ions of its type along the Eastern seaboard." -:: have increased service to patients, Small but fiery, an excellent physician congressional appropnat1ons to -ed. new areas for treatment and and consummate soldier, Gen. Mattingly seven research modules in the n rged service for diagnosis, in addition made a lasting imprint on the Center, first school building. e task of moving and getting set as director of medical education and then, Meantime, the Hospital Cen-e m our new hospital." The year from 1962 to 1969, as the Center's first already given staff ophthalmologi::: - capped when the Center won a full-time chief of a clinical department. use of an old one-story gateho ·hree-year accreditation- the highest Physicians who worked with him learned Michigan Avenue and First Stree . -1ble-from the Joint Commission on that the general ("He never told anyone had originally guarded one of · -.-ecJitation of Hospitals. not to call him general," quipped Mr. trances to the Soldiers' Home. T ~ ~.- m its inception the Washington Loughery.) would not hesitate to dress Club helped to refurbish it, set up :ma! Center saw its mission as three down a group of attending physicians. bank and research foundation . an patient care, medical education, and "He was known to give tongue-lashings," ported research in transplama -arch. Before many months were out, Dr. John Lynch said, "and many people preservation of eye tissues. This e_ ~en ter made significant strides to got scorched a little bit." Still, his col was said to be the only one capa achieving all of these goals. leagues were full of admiration for him, preserving corneas and the \·i r - . three of the merging hospitals had and quick to acknowledge his effective sue of the eye, which the eye ha> ~mg programs. In fact, the ophthal ness in building up, first, the Center's plied to physicians around ~- residency at Episcopal was the medical education program and, subse for transplantation. - first accredited residency program, quently, the department of medicine. he radiology program, established in The Center was also forging ahead in 930s at Garfield Hospital's Warwick educational programs for allied health pro . \\·as the second. fessions. A record 103 students entered - he merger approached, it became the freshman class at the School of rent that integrating the medical Nursing in September 1958. The following _tion programs of Emergency, Gar February, 53 students graduated from the nd Episcopal-which involved more Center's first class of practical nurses. In :OO interns and residents in a dozen June the Center graduated its first class of -amounted to a full-time job. Using medical technologists, a group of eight made available to Emergency Hos young college graduates who had spent a by the Ford Foundation grant, the year training in the department of pathol created the position of director of ogy. In 1960 the Center started a two-year al education, and appointed Dr. program to train x-ray technologists, and .-ct H. Kosterlitz, making the Center in 1962 the Center gave selected practical :-st institution in this area to have a nurses 100 hours of extra training to me director of medical education. prepare them as surgical technicians. - September 1958, Dr. Kosterlitz was rtXied by Brig. Gen. Thomas W. Mat . who had interned at Emergency, The Center's first year of operation Brig. Gen. Tho111as II: .\/att1 first dircclor of medical td11 : rmer chief of the cardiology service also saw a push for research faci lities. lhe11 }i'o111 1962 lo 19fi9 th -lter Reed Army Med ical Center, and The medical staff's interest in starting a a cli11ical dcparlllll 11! :.iltant to President a nd Mrs. research foundation was presented to the . ower. trustees in December 1958. A major hos pi tal and a great teaching program, they argued, would not be complete without a research arm. Shortly thereafter the board agreed to use monies remaining from the 36 In May 1959, the board learned that a oaks and an apple orchard were coming acterized it as "one of t donor was willing to contribute to a re down. most modern institution search building; by June, the trustees had In November, just 20 months after the Eastern seaboard." A received a proposal from the Hyman opening, the hospital admitted its the Center, at the requ~ Foundation. When George Hyman was 100,000th patient-a woman who shortly loaned the architectural terminally ill he was cared for at the thereafter gave birth to twin boys. The of planners in Russia bu· Washington Hospital Center, and his event set off a flurry of excitement and noted, "It never came back widow, Sadie Hyman, wanted to erect a media coverage, especially because the The Hospital Center ce memorial in his honor. By the time the baby boys were the third set of twins to be birthday on March 10, L George Hyman Memorial Research Build born at the Center within 13 hours. (Less sized, 40-pound cake, an 1 ing was publicly announced, in the spring than three months later the Center set a of accomplishments and a of 1962, a site had been selected between new record, when four sets of twins were In 1961 it treated 35,000 i the hospital and the School of Nursing born in a 23-hour period.) outpatients and 34,000 t. and construction was slated to begin. Christmastime brought traditions-to-be: visitors. There were O\ a party for employees-who now num 16,000 surgical procedu bered 1,600-and a carol concert by the therapeutic and 45,000 d student nurses. In 1960 the Center intro The blood bank hand! duced a Christmas tree decorated with transfusions, the pharma nursing caps from 28 different nursing prescriptions, and the D r;ng the summer of 1959 the schools. Newspapers and television pro formed over 400,000 t Center's severe exterior was softened grams ran features describing it as one of department served morc when crews of government landscapers the most unique and decorative in the meals and the laund: and nurserymen moved in with bulldozers Washington area. million pounds of linen. and power shovels. They planted scores of On March 1, 1960 the Center passed an The Center was ger 20-foot oaks and sycamores, white pines important milestone. Board President pand in a variety of dir and magnolias, as well as banks of azaleas, Samuel Spencer, Secretary Murray Pres decided to enlarge the hollies, and yews. Meantime, next door ton, and Administrator Richard Loughery generating capacity so where the Veterans Administration Medi met with representatives of the federal steam service with it:::. - cal Center was to be built, a huge stand of government, and the Center and the GSA Veterans Administrat1 formally concluded the arrangement they The trustees also e _ had entered into in 1952. The Hospital management consulta: Center received the deed and title to its feasibility of construe property; in exchange, the government convalescent hospital received the deeds for Garfield, Emergency the Center. and Episcopal hospitals. At the urging of th The ceremony was preceded by "stacks administrator, and and stacks" of paperwork, Mr. Loughery medicine (which ha recalled, and it was held up for nearly two staff), the board app years while the Center waited for the full-time salaried cha1 contractor to complete unfinished or de ment of medicine. T fective work. for the Center, and a Throughout this period the Center at As departments becar tracted a good deal of favorable attention. procedures more s In February 1960 it was chosen "Modern government became Hospital of the Month" by l\.!odern of running a clinica Hospital magazine. It welcomed a variety too demanding for a of foreign visitors, including the mayor of run as a sideline. T The first of j(mr sets of l1ci11s born i11 a 24· Paris (a top obstetrician-gynecologist), the Mattingly to chair hour period al the Center u·crc the idmtical prime minister of Ireland, and a minister lwi11 daughters of .1/rs. James E. Gallagher of Laurel, Md. Photo bv Harn .\'a//chava11, The of public health from Australia. In Washington Po~t. -- - September 1960 it was featured on a tour of U.S. hospitals for a group of 225 hospital administrators and personnel from 25 countries. Tour materials ex plained in both French and English that the Center represented "the most modern approach in hospital design," and char- _and along time GSA, group hery third king array plans. ,000 per -ietary -:nillion eel 4.5 rtatil'(:s of the ll'ashinglon Hospital Center: A. Murray Preston. scrretary; Richard J\l. Loughery, administrator; and Samuel Spene£'/: pn_td the General Sen•iccs Administration meet in the offices of Columbia Tille Insurance Company i11 Washington, D. C.. for transfer of /Ju di d itcr from the federal go1•emme11t. ne; Dr. James Curtin, professor of order to free the nurses' time for patient builder of physicians and hospna _ ::me and microbiology at Georgetown care. The Center also adopted a higher agon of the beloved family d1 - ersity, succeeded him as director of pay scale for nurses. (Room rates went up, monies would be used to as ·is· al education in June 1962. too-as high as $25.50 for semiprivate tients, and to aid in the educat11 n thereafter the Center's surgeons and $27.50 for private rooms.) staff. They also initiated an a - to agitate for a chairman of surgery. The hospital introduced the Brewer morial lecture, to be deliwred an... ~-· stees agreed to create a full-time System, a mechanized system for dispens at the Center and at Children·_ H n. and early in 1963 they brought ing medications in controlled amounts; in Other old friends were d1:=;ann.~...... Xicholas P. D. Smyth, a thoracic its first three weeks of operation, the too. The Garfield complex a depart '1. to administer all the clinically system saved the Center $9,000. The and Florida Avenue, \\·a· razer: a fir ' activities of the department, in medical library and the School of Nursing grounds could be used for a e'"'""=""'""' future - the operating rooms, the emer- library merged into one unit. In its unend school and a public hou in licated - room, and the surgical clinics, and ing round of renovations, the Center in old Episcopal Hospital. sold · · .:nd tht. resent the department of surgery on creased the number of patient beds by 12, to a construction compan~ the jot edical Board. Dr. Smyth was also to 787, and placed sofas and chairs in the was demolished to make becamt. eel with organizing and coordinating enormous lobby to accommodate patients Madison Hotel. Just a ha d - ician t ming programs of the surgical spe awaiting discharge. were present on the afte ·ted Dr and given responsibility for all of In February 1962, the Hospital Center tember 1960, when the co ent o i'p(irtment's house officers. lost an old friend, Dr. John H. Lyons. Dr. four-story hospital annex ~ Center was the first in the area to Lyons, a prominent surgeon who had held pictures of the Epi:copal '.ull-time salaried employees, cleri assisted President Eisenhower during an of Charles A. James. m :1: Ltants for the nursing stations, in ileitis attack in 1956, had strongly sup was built, along \\'ith _ ported the hospital merger. Dr. Lyons, magazines and coins da eel known not only for his skill but his con cern for patients, received the Gold-Headed Cane Award in 1959. Following his death, friends and colleagues established a me morial fund to honor this "man of charity, - --- - CE HYMAN MEMORIAL RCH B A New Role A hospital's ... work ls center dedicated to more broad and the top two floors \\-o never done; It's equipment and comprehensive care and be divided into laboratory ls never complete; It ls service to the community." modules and offices. read. always In need of new From 1961 to 1965 A Murray be adapted to research nee:! means of diagnosis, of Preston ser\'ed as president of as they arose. new Instruments In medl· cine; It ls to try all things the Board of Trustees. Mr. Ground was broken mJ_ and hold fast to that which Preston, an officer of the 1962, construction (by the ls good.-John Shaw American Security and Trust George Hyman Construe ~ Bllllngs, 1889, designer Company, was an early and Company) proceeded on_ staunch supporter of the ule, and the new researc arch Building, of hospitals Jks as 1/ ii 's merger. He helped draft the center was dedicated or. a II _ti·om an Center's bylaws and, as secre sunny September aftem • ~ • I is l'iewcd tary, participated in the formal 1963. Some 200 friends o 1it1 11 re site of ia 11s Ojji"rc transfer of title and deed in Center gathered at the ce 1960. In 1965 Milton A Barlow mony to hear Dr. Jack . ~ mid- 1962, the Cen became president. Mr. Barlow director of the Clinical C terB found thaty its scope was en was a well-known local busi at the National Instiru· _ larging. Statistics gathered by ness and civic leader- a former Health and a relati\·e or_ the American Hospital Asso executive of Marriott-Hot Hyman, speak on "The ciation showed that the Center Shoppes and a real estate the Community Ho.:: p1· had joined the ranks of the de\' eloper. Research." A chief jud ~e busiest and best-utilized hospi Through the early 1960s the Court of Appeals offer· tals in the nation. With over Center planned new support commemoration of he • 32,000 admissions it ranked capabilities-the research Hyman, and Mrs. H~ 10th among all hospitals, and building, an extended care ceremonially presen e<:. ~ second among voluntary non facility, a physicians office ribboned key to \\'al er profit institutions. building-as well as adding riner, president of the Not only were general and sophisticated new capabilities Board of Commiss1 e:-;, medical-surgical beds running within the hospital for treating past president of the at better than 90 to 95 percent the acutely ill. Board of Trustees ... r capacity, the Center was being The first element in the Cen riner, in turn, hand - ·a\' Pres/on si.denl of the called on to handle more and ter's expansion in the 1960s to his successor. _ I.r. Board of more extremely acute and par was the $800,000 George When the ceremo and llaller ticularly difficult cases-far Hyman Research Center. plete, the \\'omen's pas/ hospital hosted a reception - t and chair- more than the parent hospitals Architect's drawings unveiled ·Ju D. C. Board had ever experienced. "The in 1962 showed a clean-lined, nurses residence. 1 issioJ1ers, re· Hospital Center is destined," a three-story brick structure kc\' lo the 11eu· Hl'ina11 .1/enzo Center publication predicted, scored with trim ribbons of arch BuildiJ1g "to become a true medical concrete. The basement was die Hyman in designed to house animal fa itrof 1963. -£ man dona led cilities. The first floor would - 10 to build /he be dedicated to eye research, .11 hoJ1or of her ba nd. 40 Shortly thereafter a group of local business, civic and professional leaders many of them old friends of the Center formed a Research Foundation to give direction and structure to the Center's research actiYities. A nonprofit organiza tion, the Research Foundation was to be financed by gifts, grants, membership dues, donations and bequests. The first president was Frederick M. Bradley, a prominent lawyer and trustee of the Center, who had been instrumental in formulating the Center's bylaws. A second component the Center en visioned as part of its expansion never materialized. This was a 300-bed chronic, convalescent and long-term care facility. Mr. Dewey, chairman of the Convales cent Hospital Committee, teamed up with Mr. Loughery to take on Congress once again. Defeated on the floor, they teamed up with area hospitals and medical schools and succeeded in obtaining $13 million for the extended care facility. "We were preparing to go to bid," re called Mr. Loughery, "when test soundings indicated that Medicare was not going to reimburse for full costs of such care, but to preset ceilings." The project was put on indefinite hold. The experience was far from a total loss, however. Working with the federal agency that administered the congres sional appropriation, the Center was able to fashion a program to enlarge its support services, including boilers and laundry. as well as nuclear medicine, so that it could share top-grade services, economically, with other institutions. As a step to relieving the demand for acute-care beds, the Center opened a 26-bed, self-care unit in the School of Nursing in 1963. The unit was designed to house ambulatory patients who could manage with just a little nursing care, fewer specialized services and less spe cialized equipment-for instance, persons Cnder the leadership of Dr. jarnes Ba cos f rorn 1967lo1981. the Center's cardiology program established the area 'sfirsl coronary care unit, "Code Blue" response lea m for l'icli ms ofcardiac a rresl and cardiac calheleri· zalion laboratory. ~ ing to the Center for diagnostic 1978 after a 30- year career that bega _:!!es. Rooms cost only $12 a day. Emergency Hospital. ..., 1963 the Center introduced its first The Center's kitchen service \\·as si\·e care unit. It consisted of a five pletely revamped; kitchens on the pa pen ward plus three private rooms, units were scrapped and all food :: intended for critically ill pre and was centralized in a main dietary la: _ perative patients, and was equipped Food trays were assembled in the ..._oxygen, resuscitators, respirators, a kitchen, then transported to patient r ri llator and a pacemaker. on carts with hot and cold com part Direct dial, the first in a D.C . ho_ came to replace the six-position s :i., A graduate of the E111 ergr11 cy Hospital .\"ursi11g board that handled over 8,400 calls a School, Fra11 crs Loude11 , RX, worked fh (' rc as the administration held classes to slajf 11urse. supen 'iso r a11d assista11/ direr/or of 1111rsi11!{ scn 'ices. a ti/le she ca rried icith ha to all Center personnel how to use i . _ duties al /h e llCll' Cc11/l'/'. She U'ould re/ire i11 1977. the hospital introduced controlled par t the instigation of Dr. with 30 yrars ofsrn •ice. The doctors' locker room on the : A_ as Mattingly, the Center almost floor was enlarged to include a 1 - -ediately began to make plans to In November 1965, the Center opened area, a shower, shoeshine faciliti .ruct a second intensive care unit newly constructed medical and coronary dictating equipment. -edical patients and a separate inten- intensive care facilities on 2F, becoming In the summer of 1964, a pulm - care area for cardiac patients. Dr. the first hospital in the area to have three function laboratory, long in the plan mgly pointed out that most fatalities specially designed, constructed, equipped opened. It was built in one of c ed within a few days after a heart and staffed intensive care units. Dr. kitchen areas, and provided a \\·ide . ·. and that the Center was treating Mattingly, unfortunately, missed the open of studies, 24 hours a day, seYen da. - 1-ieart attack victims each year than ing; he was setting up a makeshift ICU week. Right next door was the new ·her institution in the area. in a Georgia Army hospital for former ovascular laboratory, headed by Dr. rtly after Dr. James Bacos was President Dwight Eisenhower, who had The Center acquired a laser coa eel chief of the Center's new cardio suffered a heart attack the day before. to repair retinal tears, an acoustical _la r laboratory in 1964, he and Dr. The new units. which had been adapted to measure middle ear function. and a 'lgly developed the Code Blue alert. from several private and semiprivate computer to streamline records an the "Code Blue" sounded over the rooms, provided six beds for coronary ing. A new station wagon wa dona ·aJ's communication system, a team patients and five for medical patients. the eye bank, which was re pons·· ially trained medical and para The coronary care unit contained resusci restoring eyesight to 100 person::; 1 :al personnel responded in seconds to tators, bedside pacemakers and monitors And the operating room staff acq - · the heart attack victim before for all six patients. The medical unit was little red wagon to carry childre - damage could occur. Although a specially equipped to handle emergencies for tonsillectomies down the hall f r of patients who were revived suc such as pulmonary edema and gastric playroom to the operating room. ::cti to their underlying disease, Dr. hemorrhage. -aid, a fourth of these persons, who The Women's Division contributed ~ otherwise surely have died, recov generously to the purchase of the new :1d could go home. equipment. The group sponsored a dinner ~964 the Center opened a pilot coro dance-"The Blue Alert Ball"-at the :are unit, the first in the Washington Iranian Embassy, which raised over ·.-here persons with cardiovascular $10,000. The Episcopal guild contributed ;;e could be monitored for any signs $25,000, including $15,000 from a $150 £'.ar t instability. In 1965 the unit endowment fund it had been nurturing -ed a device that made possible since 1904. - -the-clock monitoring of as many Eight of the 11 special beds were filled patients at a time. During its first the moment the units opened, and two :i operation the unit treated 500 more were occupied later that first day. Support sen•ices i11c/11di11g larmdry -~s. Dr. Bacos said. Nationally, an Plans to enlarge the intensive care facili 11uc/ea r mrdici11c 1c1 n 111lar~d 1 e of 40 percent of heart attack ties were almost immediately afoot. /h em eco 11 0111ical(r l<"ilh 0//11 r i1 · - died; among patients who reached Throughout the hospital, remodeling, unit, mortality was revising, improving and innovating never slowed down. "They were remodeling the day I came and they're still at it," nurse Frances Louden said, when she retired in 42 I n the m;dst of all th;s acbv;ty, an unwelcome burst of publicity struck the Center in the spring of 1964. Along with several other area hospitals and schools, the Hospital Center was participating in a "Sabin on Sunday" program; community members were to come to the Center to receive a dose of oral polio vaccine. The first two Sundays, one in April and one in May, attracted large crowds, including many children. The third Sunday. in June, began like the others, but it was soon disrupted. A group of approximately 30 black activists from CORE and the NAACP, led by Julius The Class of 1968 holds a /raditio11al pool party.. \Ic111bcrs ale. threll' rnd Hobson, staged a sit-in to protest the flu 111scll'cs of tile last 1·cstiges ofsludc11/ l1ji'. Hospital Center's practice of assigning black and white patients to separate from the Center and Children's negotiated tions league. The_ rooms. (At the time the practice was not an agreement whereby the Center would years, eventually u uncommon in the District of Columbia; lease to Children's seven of its 47 acres "Centaurs." A girJ, the 1946 Munger report had matter-of for $1 a year, and ground breaking was as WHC-XRAY, hea factly itemized "white" and "colored" hos set for late 1970. Together the three but lost the city cha: pital beds separately.) institutions-the Center, the VA, and Keeping step \fr For five hours the pickets sat and stood Children's-would constitute a formidable beautification pr and lay in the hospital's main entrance, concentration of medical strength. measures to comp! blocking the way of the people who had ~ during the fall o · come for polio vaccine. Eventually the In 1965 the Center built the L-shaped, of 1966. Although _ Metropolitan Police were called. They 82-foot swimming pool that came to be planned from the carted away the pickets and made seven known as "Jane's Pool," in memory of available. The Ce arrests. Jane Roberts Kuester. Jane, a 1956 grad architect, and set That week Mr. Loughery and trustee uate of the Garfield School of Nursing 47 acres with an Gilbert Hahn,Jr., met with CORE leaders. moved to Germany. married a physician, --oaks, magnolias The Hospital Center agreed to put into then returned to this country and to the lies, firethorns, sp effect a policy of accepting and assigning staff of the Washington Hospital Center. juniper, viburnurr: patients without regard to race. The Not long after, she died of a brain tumor. Natural beauty Center also asked that charges against Each year her mother, Mrs. Reed Turner the winter of L - the pickets be dismissed. (Virginia Lee) Roberts, gave the School of mental blizzard ~ Nursing a $1,000 scholarship in her standstill and pu The Center was in the process of acquir memory; when federal funds became Snow started tc ing potent new neighbors. The Veterans available for nursing education, Mrs. Saturday, Jan. 2. Administration Medical Center, built on a Roberts decided to build a pool for the inches blanketed tract from the Soldier's Home adjacent to nursing students and the house staff. The The assistant - the Center's 47 acres, opened in April 1965. pool was opened in May 1966 with a ing, Frances Lo - Children's Hospital, which had declined to diving exhibition and a water ballet. thing to a disa,,:, join the original merger, now found that Several types of sports surfaced at the managed to get its ramshackle plant made a move imper Center during the 60s. In 1964 employees day morning, b ative, and it needed to find a site. Leaders formed a basketball team; they played feet long, of th teams from the Department of Health, could not make Education and Welfare (now Health and Human Services), the Post Office and Soldiers' Home. A fast-pitch softball team formed in May, and made it to the play offs in the long-established communica------ -ot only did the volunteers add the little extra touches that ade for a caring environment-touches that the hospital co ever have otherwise afforded-they acted as a bridge betwee1 e community and the hospital. :.ars later, Katherine Knauff, a na party-goers, the ladies in long gowns, f northern Minnesota, would still were pressed into cooking·and delivering - 'er at the memory. "I can't stand breakfast to the hospital patients. When -·· she said. "It gives me this horrible he was able to leave, he got a Virginia - : how are we going to take care of policeman to drive him as far as the 14th patients if the staff can't get in?" Street bridge, but no further; he had to _--,ugh nurses hiked through the walk out of the Virginia jurisdiction on ·-some literally for miles-that the foot. On the other side of the river he __ :al was covered-but some of the found a D.C. policeman who drove him ' a11d ri - \\·ere put in the charge of nursing within two miles of the hospital; he hiked c-ms. and some nurses handled two the rest of the way. - Patients were asked to limit their At the Center, everyone pitched in. A severa. _ .:: ts to essentials. patient's wife helped out in the cafeteria, of the - -hard M. Loughery was at a party in a medical library employee worked in the ~- ia, when the snow began to accu pharmacy, and a guard offered to serve as ·e. The party was at the home of a an orderly. Fully half of the housekeeping .~a l administrator who lived next personnel-all of whom had tramped to Elizabeth Rcadr receives her a1card f r ·o his hospital. Trapped there through work through the storm-showed up on leering 5.000 hours lo the ll'a s li i11gto~ ' - ight, Mr. Loughery and the other schedule. Others answered patients' calls, CCII/CJ'. or made beds. Still others helped out in the dietary department. The cafeteria served batches of free were n meals; one group of employees stayed up ndscap all night to fix sandwiches and coffee for -hing it co-workers. Employees stranded at the A nother sertor to be e ()plan Center were given surgical gowns to sleep the renovations of the mid-61).; eas, h in, and cots were set up in the private din volunteer office, when the old myrtle ing room, the housekeeping storeroom and kitchen on lB was transformed i • the print shop. Only the house staff, who some new quarters. Ruth Good.-- ~ rt ma usually worked over the weekend and director of volunteers, delighted· - a mon slept at the Center while on duty, found it ing the paneled walls, the carpe :. - -ity to business as usual. and restful blues of the lounge - the te:, Chief engineer Robert Hollingsworth unteers could stop in to take ·a ernoon took on the job of digging out paths to the between tours of duty." let up,~ hospital, and he drafted several members The Center's 700 volurnee-_ of the administrative staff to be on his two different categories. One ...... -,o._;-- ...-~ ital nur crew. Although snow almost blocked pas members of the Women ' Aw· .he dos sage to the emergency room, patients were known by their "cheery ad." S managed to find their way in. Frostbite smocks. The second group. arly Su: was a common complaint. But one woman rection of Mrs. Goodman. wc:.c list, thr arrived at the height of the storm, a child smocked Red Cross rnlun eer::: rses w_ lias soften the clean, straight lines of the in tow, complaining of a backache she had iliary's Juniors, the Yolurnee .::. ia 11s Office Building each spring. had for "al:xmt a month." between 16 and 21 in pink ~..,'".·..=-.,.-, Finally, the snow stopped, the roads uniforms, while the Junior were cleared, and traffic edged back to volunteers \\·ore bl ue-anc -w:,.. · -"'"" normal. By Thursday both the Center and uniforms. the city were back to standard operating procedures. 44 from 15 to 90 years of age. The 90-year-old shop, wheeled g was Lulu Shepherd, who took three buses rooms, took care each way to her weekly stint of volunteer corted patients to ing at the Center. tion to working i1 At the first annual awards ceremony in nursing station . the School of Nursing in May 1959, three planning clinic w< persons merited the top award, a silver teers from the , pin, for having donated 500 hours. By members of the\\ 1967, 92 persons had been recognized for teered over 21,0 volunteering a total of more than 90,000 over 100,000. hours; one woman had worked over 6,000 From the out 4 hours and three others over 5,000. Board important auxili President Gilbert Hahn was the principal mainstay of the \' speaker at the awards ceremony. Richard lobby shop. Mem Loughery presented the awards, and Mrs. Committee shopp Deaconess Jlargarcl Bechtol. administrator of Goodman unveiled an Honor Roll, a plaque for merchandise. Episcopal Hospital. joined the Center as dir!'Clor made by workmen in the department of up items during of l'O!unleers. engineering, that would carry the names South America. of volunteers who gave more than 1,000 generated more 1 The program started out modestly in hours. and in 1965, over 1958. Volunteers worked in a few clinics been enlarged six and at the information desk. But the Other fund-rai, volunteer office was inundated with re The "Blue Alert quests for helpers, and volunteers soon series of elegant branched out into other areas. According Iranian Embassy. to the first annual report, 600 volunteers, Women's Auxiliary claimed Another major nearly 200 of whom worked evenings, 1967T as a banner year, although they cele the now-classic " gave over 26,000 hours. brated quietly. The women's groups from the harness trat The volunteers' jobs were varied. Some the predecessor hospitals had been coop dinner party in 1 greeted patients; others served coffee, erating on a formal basis since 1954, but "Night at Laurel watered patients' plants, ran errands, kept they continued to maintain their separate netted $5,500, bu relatives company during surgery, baby identities as three guilds. Everyone ex catch on until i1 sat in the playroom. Still others helped pected the three to consolidate eventually, That evening "~ with clerical work or prepared supplies. but the early years passed with no merger. joyed "a gay and Not only did the volunteers add the little When Mrs. Lawrence (Ann) Rapee became and the auxiliary extra touches that made for a caring envi president in 1965, however, the trustees In 1968 the Rat ronment-touches that the hospital could saw an opportunity to nudge the process croft Raceway oo never otherwise have afforded-they acted along. Mrs. Rapee, they believed, had a meshed better \\1 as a bridge between the community and strong enough personality to pull the ule. The auxilia the hospital. three groups together. to appeal to a t The first director of volunteers, Deacon In 1966 she established a committee to hospital family ess Bechtol, retired in October 1959, and review and evaluate the structure and one option, an a. Katherine De Melman, the volunteer's objectives of the auxiliary (the name had per, and bus tra evening coordinator, stepped into her place. been changed from Women's Division to It became an an When Ruth Goodman took over in 1964 Women's Auxiliary in 1965) with a view gate prizes and -with the proviso that she would be able toward a possible merger of the guilds. At eluding the amb to continue teaching the preparation for year's end it remained only a goal. Australia. parenthood classes-she inherited a pro Finally, at their meeting of March 7, In the early y~ gram that involved hundreds of volunteers 1967 the women \'Oted to adopt new by was a chief be_ laws. On May 1 the three guilds officially Division fund r. merged. only provided The 1967 bylaws, which stipulated that loans, but also~ active members must contribute a mini positions; in L mum of 50 hours of service each year, gave $20,000 to continued the auxiliary's traditional emphasis on volunteer work. The volun teers of the auxiliary clerked in the lobby ·ients' e School of Nursing and $10,000 to the In January 1966 the Center entered into The centerpiece was a six-tiered. d es· -:ice of the director of admissions. The a long and acrimonious tangle with the pound cake, decorated with a re addi :. ·ision and the guilds made regular con area's Blue Cross plan, Group Hospitaliza the Center and topped with a n the --ibutions to the outpatient, emergency tion, Inc., over insurance reimbursement meringue version of the U.S. Capi :amily :id social service departments, and they practices. In the autumn of 1967, after long past president of the board, 1il - rnlun- ntinued to support the causes that had and arduous negotiations, some issues low, made a short speech, and the!' i... the -1ginated in the predecessor hospitals were settled but one dispute was taken to Mrs. George Hyman joined in cer rnlun e :.Jeedy Sick Fund, the planned parent court. The litigation would continue into ally cutting the cake. . 1969 xxl clinic, the cancer detection clinic. the 70s. -:-hey also bought equipment, ranging As 1967 drew to a close, the new Physi - m microscopes and surgical instru- cians Office Building was getting ready to --ients to an entire operating room for open. The four-story concrete and glass ~- 'T (ear, nose and throat) services. They building, situated just to the east of the urchased furnishings for the discharge hospital and connected to it by a tunnel, I n JO years the Center's '' o enter, and curtains for the auditorium. had 80 office suites for doctors, plus a ings had grown to four, it The auxiliary's most ambitious project pharmacy and a physicians dining room, approached $25 million, its em as a commitment to provide support for and underground parking for 100 cars. It numbered 2,200, nurses over .'le Research Foundation. In 1964 the rented well from the outset; by 1971 it had than 500 physicians were member -omen's Division donated $40,000 to a waiting list. active medical staff, another 500 be :.iild covered animal runs. In 1966, it In March 1968, the Center was 10 years to the courtesy staff, and 130 edged $325,000 over a four-year period old. Hundreds of employees and their fam training on the house staff. -0,000 in 1966, $75,000 in 1967, and ilies, hospital friends and patients turned The Center was justifiably pro 100,000 each for 1968 and 1969. out for the birthday party in the lobby. accomplishments, and the public re: department, headed by Charle G III, prepared a 10th anniversar: e wa: report that appeared as a 2 trip to supplement to The Washington c Irons enjoy the Race for Life sponsored by the llomen 's Auxi/ia1y u•hich began at Laurel racelracl< in J59and was moued lo Rosccrofl RaccU'ay in 1968. I. Charting a Bold Course Although the Washington negotiations pulsed on; the re to expect them, and the h Hospital Center will con lationship between the Center ta! geared up for an influx tinue to emphasize the and the Research Foundation patients-victims of stree delivery of acute Inpatient came under scrutiny: the med scuffles, people who inhal care, Its progiams will ical education program was tear gas, a man whose face continue to broaden, uni re vi tali zed. cut when a brick was hea laterally or In cooperation with other health organiza The Center's first big chal through his car windO\'. tions, to Include the com lenge of the decade, however, More than 10 years la e prehensive array of health arose not from ferment in the senior nursing student r servlces.-Cresap, hospital, but in the city. On spending 12 hours straig the emergency room. "Ox __ lri//ia 111s. a pa McCormick, Paget, April 4, 1968, department ,,- /he Jll'OJza/o/oJ!)' 1971 Report heads from the medical, nurs tents for the tear gas \le·-, -frc rnre unit, ing and management staffs were everywhere," she:; 1s lo celebrate at gathered in the board room to When employees from t!"ie r 1 rcu11io11_ hear a consultant report on etary department \\·alkea ~ management practices. The the ER at 8 p.m. carr~i subject was timely and the of ham and cheese sand " Washington Hospi speaker interesting, but in a cheer went up. Ttal Center entered its second creasingly the audience was The dietary and hou:: decade vibrant with possibili nagged by the insistent "beep ing departments fed a ties. Plans were in the air for beep" of pocket pagers. Doctors tered not only patient:: a;: what would become the inten and nurses began to slip out of staff, but also ER patie~ sive care tower and the idea of the room. A rumor spread that had no way to get ho e an extended care facility was there were reports of "trouble visitors trapped in the still very much alive. There downtown," and people sitting by a curfew. Police. fir was talk of a satellite hospital near the windows could see and ambulance dri\·e in Montgomery County, and smoke rising in the distance. the hospital as a re rea of developing neighborhood The wails and bleats of sirens they could get a f e\\' health clinics. New programs broke out again and again. rest and grab a bi e :-0 were constantly growing up to Word was brought in con fore it was o\·er. the· meet emerging needs-the firming "trouble": riots, burn served up 5.000:: d problems of alcoholism, un ing and looting in the inner and 200 gallon_ of wanted pregnancy, high-risk city, triggered by the assassi made more than { newborns-and, to make space nation of the Rev. Martin packs" with shee _an for these new programs, reno Luther King.Jr. The meeting vation and remodeling were adjourned. constants. The Group Hospi The hospital's disaster code talization, Inc., litigation and was never called, but the hos r 111tdici11e. the pital moved instinctively into a :;1 o( nzedici 11c. disaster mode. Staff phoned 1z;wistrva11d home to tell their families not 'IJ/g, ll'aS-l'Sfab a separate de nt o( the Center 1:1; 1970. 48 new directions. Spa tants recommended mit itself to a major e care services. An 8"1. Center, the report eight to 10 percent o: intensive care. The report also rec: in obstetric services nuclear medicine de These innovation extensive reorganiz pita!, but the addi March 1968 the b Construction progresses on the east wing addition which u•ill create a bus shdte1; person11c/ and medical hospital architects. offices and operating rooms. while construction of the intcnsi1•1' care tower takes place al the west end of prepare preliminar· the Center during the early 70s. the Center's progra. the Health Facilitie Beneath the efficiency and professional choosing to discharge their military obli Metropolitan Wash - ism, however, ran a thread of anxiety. gations by service in a charitable or Under the guida Off-duty staff climbed to the hospital roof nonprofit organization worked at the Cen Range Planning (_ and watched lines of flames eating along ter. Young Mennonite men, along with the the Hon. Samuel B 7th, 9th, and 14th streets. No one, includ wives of some of them, served in payroll, began to take sha ing civil defense officials, could tell how pharmacy, business office and nursing. A allied medical spa extensive the burning and rioting were, young Quaker, George Parshall, not only department head how long they would last, how far they worked as a hospital electrician, he set up management grm.. would spread. It was some reassurance sound and lighting equipment for the hours working \\ when the Army quartered a battalion of annual Christmas party, rounded up an architects and the soldiers across Irving Street on the golf airplane so the Center's public affairs Otto, reviewing course of the Soldiers' Home. department could take aerial photos for an developing a cone The crisis lasted for three and a half employment brochure and took slides to components mus days. The Center treated nearly 300 per be used for a personnel orientation pro In late 1969 r: sons for riot-related injuries, in a perfor gram. He also did volunteer work on nurs "concepts of the mance that won praise from The Wash ing units. program." In Ju ington Star. "No matter who was brought specifications we into the emergency department-whether On July 15 the Le rioter or victim-it was Mr. or Mrs. mittee met to co So-and-so as far as the staff was con ommended the cerned," The Star said. "Dignity and kind Hyman Constru ness were the watchwords of the Wash for "an extensive and board's Executi\ ington Hospital Center." comprehensive building and moderniza The ExecutiYc Other world events, particularly the tion program were sown in early 1967, 23 to make its war in Vietnam, were also making them when the board commissioned hospital Reynolds, who I:: selves felt in the Center in a variety of consultants Block, McGibony and Associ underscored the ways. At Christmastime in 1966 the nurs ates, Inc., to evaluate and catalog the casion. "This 1 ing department collected food and maga Center's long- and short-term needs. The the hospital ha_ zines and made up parcels to be sent to trustees had just elected as their presi he declared. relatives of employees serving in Vietnam, dent, Gilbert Hahn, Jr., a prominent local Both the med as well as to two former residents sta attorney who outlined an ambitious plan tration spoke ir tioned there. Conscientious objectors for the future. stand still is t The consultants' report, issued in Ordman, Medic: December 1967, emphasized that the the committee Center was "not the usual community up with them hospital." In its first 10 years, the report pointed out, the Center had experienced tremendous growth in support services, changes that were pointing the Center in consul· n its first 10 years, the Center had experienced tremendous ·rowth in support services, changes that were pointing the enter in new directions, specifically a major expansion in tensive care services. decreaSt ent of a . _r. Loughery reminded the committee notonl. the Center's needs had already out· the ho ·n the space available. ·ings. Ir . e board's treasurer, S. T. Castleman, fir m .ned a program for financing the move: orter, t -:: 1llion to come from the building fund; In Apn ~ 1llion, over three years, from growth val frorr depreciation monies: $2 million from uncil f - -tricted endowment funds; and the aining $3.5 to $4 million from loans. 'sLon _ e Executive Committee voted unani aded b _ .... ly to recommend it to the full board. prograr: board, meeting in August 1970, voted . nurse: ~ \ · helmingly to go ahead with the inde- istrativ ently financed $11 million expansion. -ospital" >ound breaking for the new intensive -ands c ower and east building addition took rant, th e on the hot, humid afternoon of Sept. rt E. Vi .. 10. "We are today taking a visible .. Richard M. Loughery said, "to· d the culmination of a dream we e shared and worked toward for ;y years." -tructi -:-he six past presidents of the board 1ngs a ed Mr. Reynolds in turning over the ~ shovelsful of dirt. They used, as Mr. biddint, Fonner preside11/s of the !rashi11glo11 Hospital Center Board of 11-uslees join lo bnak _ .ing Corr nolds pointed out, "not chrome-plated inlensil'ecare lower (u•cs/addilio11 ) i11September1970. From hf!: .1/ilton A. Bar/off· U and ra ~~ onial shovels but tried and tested l!G/ter .\'. Tobri11er: .\lac Pres/011. reprcse111i11g his fath er. th e late A . .\lurrar Pict Reynolds; and Gilbert Ha/111. }1'. ·e Geor , that have been held in the hands of ·-to tr • ·ing men"-a symbol of the fact that Center's trustees and the Center's gynecology was only 65 percent, in con· Dr. Milton W. Werthman . ~ loyees were workers who knew not trast to 85 percent in the general medical time chairman. · "the thrill of dreaming and planning and surgical beds, in part because so Dr. Werthmann, a ~ peoal , also) the hard work and satisfaction many young mothers were then living in tology, set about tra ns·· ,..- •~ .,.,..~.-.c .ming a job done." the suburbs, and having their babies in premature nursery into a ous st :· the time the tower was under way, suburban hospitals. sive care unit. l'ntil the opened consultants' recommendations for The suggestion drew strong opposition prematurely or those \\ ·i "1ges in obstetrics and nuclear medi· from the Center's obstetricians, who tal complications had bee admim ~were already being implemented.Just mustered an army of statistics to show Children's Hospital. T e 'JlOVe. "':° r to the consultants' study, the admin· the value and strengths of the department. its specialized equipme - . Chari tion suggested phasing out obstetrics The Medical Board agreed, and voted to radiant heat infant ' a; t, warn ether. Occupancy in obstetrics and retain the obstetrics service. respirator-and con_ a 'JlUSt ket However, like the rest of the hospital, would make it poss1b e the obstetrics department was evolving infants close to their into a tertiary facility, a referral center equipped to treat complicated cases. In the summer of 1968 the Center established a department of pediatrics and named 50 c hanges were also occurr;ng in the obstetrics department proper. In April 1970, Dr. William F. Peterson, a retired Air Force colonel, was named the first full-time chairman. Following the Block, McGibony recommendations, the number of obstetrical beds was cut from 66 to 43 (while medical beds were increased by 40) and the department was extensively reno vated. Patient rooms were remodeled to include closets, and they were decorated with carpeting, flowered wallpaper and softer lighting. The deli\'ery suite was moved next to the neonatology depart ment. Obstetrics was able to offer top quality care for high-risk mothers-women with diabetes or high blood pressure, or those who required cesarean section working in conjunction with the neonatol ogy department. It soon became apparent that the changes were paying off. In August 1970. the obstetrics department's census was an optimum 90 percent. The Center also followed up on the Block, McGibony recommendations to es tablish a department of nuclear medicine. It set up the area's largest and most completely equipped nuclear medicine laboratory, where radioacti\·e drugs and instruments to detect radiation could be used to diagnose and, in some cases, treat, disease. The department, located in the hospital's basement, was staffed with 17 technicians and residents from internal medicine and radiology, plus clerical help. Dr. Richard C. Reba, a widely recognized specialist from Johns Hopkins Hospital, was named full-time chairman. A different sort of innovation in the late 1960s was the VIP wing, better known as 6D. Designed for patients who were will ing to pay extra for gracious surroundings, .\'eu·bom babies an deli1•ered to their mothers Christmas 111omi11g tucked i11 red jla nncl stockings. The brightly decorated stockings arc a yearly project of the !!Omen's Auxilia n assisted bv the direcior of 1•ol111i• lcers U'ho a rra ngcs distribution. The Center's alcohol treatme gram started out on an experimen in the fall of 1971. The psychiatry ment adapted three or four bed f self-care unit which had been Ian since the Blue Cross and Medicar sion to pay for acute care only. T gram-usually three to five day:: toxification, followed by several da an education program closely alli Alcoholics Anonymous-worked that the entire self-care unit ,,-a over by the alcoholism program. In 1972 Dr. John G. Lofft, cli mca tor of the Center 's alcoholism received a three-year, $1 millio from the National Institute of . Health to establish a program o case-finding and therapy for e alcoholics and their families. Dr established a counseling center = patient therapy, located down tO\\~ • -l111mr Sadat. th e ./i'rsl lady of /:,/?)·pt. l'isils the C('///!'r i11 1978. louring the bum u11il. surgical to the Mayflower Hotel. The co re ca re u 11iia11d the deluxe pat ic11/ acco111111odatio11s 011 the sixth jloo1 ~ k1101c11 as 6D. zchcrc she is center offered group therapy. cou 1 iced by the press. and films, and attracted many employees. The twice-weekly A..\ .. .. 12 suites of 6D offered soundproof, clinic, Monday through Friday. Staffed by were crowded with businessrr.e ::10us, tastefully furnished rooms more two physicians. a nurse and a clerk, the women on their lunch hour. In :~ -- hose of a luxury hotel than a hospital. clinic was open from 6 to 10 p.m. A $10 program won a federal continua i .. ~ · ,,·ere oversized and so were bathtubs; fee covered physician service, injections of more than $156,000. rooms had such amenities as heat and minimal lab work and x-ray. -.un lamps; and a television set was A secondary purpose of the evening -eel away in a wooden armoire. The clinic was to relieve an extremely busy er room had a wraparound balcony. emergency room staff. (Because the ER's . room provided a sofa bed where a 18 beds were often full, the ER was being .y member could spend the night; forced more and more to "close" to pa Center's medical · who preferred could book an adjoin tients arriving by ambulance, except in Tprogram got a much-needed :: ,..oom. The unit had a special kitchen life-or-death situations.) The facility was arm in 1968. For several year 'ts own chef; wine lists accompanied one of the largest and busiest in the tal Center had little luck i ..i s: china was gold-rimmed and gob- Washington area, and with an average of interns of its choice through • ·ere crystal. more than 125 patients a night-as many Intern Matching Program. ::>quickly caught the public's fancy. It as 60 at one time-it was the busiest area Thanks to aggressive reCTUI -,Titten up in The New York Times in the hospital. Patients ranged from a higher pay, it was a vastly d1 - :'eatured on the Today show. It also man injured when he was thrown by an in 1968. Salaries were dou an enthusiastic following among the elephant, to a fellow with a mysterious Kevin Barry, who became d1 - o-do of Washington, and was soon itch that afflicted the bottom of his right ical education in 1966. a\\ o '.1g for itself. foot, but only after dark. spective residents got VIP ,..ea - late 1970 and early 1971 the Center In January 1971, following lengthy 1969, 41 of 42 position ,,·ere - gurated several new patient services. trustee debate of the social issues involved, the National Intern '.\Iatch1 o,·ide non-emergency medical care to the Center opened the "women's clinic" In 1968 the Center al:-o ns who found it difficult to get to the on SF. It was the nation's first abortion of an ongoing serie:: of a _, al's clinics during daytime hours, center based in a hospital and run under -enter opened an evening outpatient the auspices of a department of obstetrics and gynecology. It was also the first clinic to provide outpatient abortion counseling and birth control information for low mcome women. 52 for urology residents. The conferences, the Research Foundation to the Washing were reluctant to e organized by Dr. W. Dabney Jarman, ton Hospital Center began to mount. The expenditure, and ap~ were designed to stimulate research by, Center, which had previously used endow mittee, also chairee and interchange among, residents at the ment income and operating reserves to to review the relat Washington area's six urology training finance educational and research activi Center and the Re ~c programs. ties, decided to limit its support to the Mr. Castleman put ~ foundation. committee member~ The Research Foundation, in the words Braverman, preside of Dr. Frederick Wolff. was created "to Foundation, and 1\1 strengthen the basis of excellence of the become a Center t1 Center, to help attract a first-class house ance that the Cent staff and to aid in setting up the sub offer the foundation specialty divisions." t also decided to look to the com Over time the c Dr. Wolff, a scientist at New York Imunity for help. In the fall of 1967, while an agreement that Medical College, was appointed the foun Robert A. Girmscheid, Jr., was director of efforts should focu dation's first director of research in the development, the Center launched a com basic research. The spring of 1965. He moved his equipment munity appeal. With Charles Dewey as relationship betwee and staff into the George Hyman Memo general chairman, the appeal brought in should be "famili< rial Research Building in the fall. Early over $140,000. A separate "advance gifts" working arrangem investigations centered on the role of the effort, chaired by C. Thomas Clagget, cal staff and the small intestine in insulin secretion and Jr., raised over $50,000. The appeal was encouraged. The C the influences of drugs and hormones. A repeated in 1968 with S. T. Castleman the foundation a clinical research wing was set up in the serving as chairman. In the summer of $300,000. This wa hospital on 5 West, and hospital personnel 1968 I. Brewster Terry, a consultant from the Women· · were soon being recruited as "normal experienced in private and public philan pledged $100,000 a volunteers" for a hypertension study. thropy, succeeded Mr. Girmscheid as 1972. The founda One of the best equipped surgical labo director of development. up to 50 percent of 1 ratories in the Washington area was con In 1970 the Medical Board approved, appeal. Expense < structed on the first floor of the Research on the recommendation of its Research ing were the respu Building, and put under the direction of Committee, a budget for the Research tion and, primar Dr. Nicholas Smyth. Surgical fellows and Foundation of $480,000. The trustees researchers. The residents rotated through the lab working with members of the attending surgical staff for varying periods of time. The facilities were available to all of the departments in the hospital. Research thrusts included cardiac pacemakers and vascular grafts. During its first four years, work ema· nating from the Research Foundation led to the publication of more than 20 articles in scientific journals. Numerous projects received federal funding. Mrs. Hyman, too, continued to support the foundation's work. In 1969 she pledged $25,000 a year, to be matched by $15,000 a year from the foundation, for three years, as the George Hyman Memorial Grant for Clinical Research. However, as federal funding for re search was cut back in the years following Lyndon Johnson's presidency, the costs of Exca1'([/ion for Children's Hospital. which leases se1•e11 acres of /all(~· begins in 1970. a large occom he Research Foundation, in the words of Dr. Frederick tleman ts first director, was created "to strengthen the basis of e: een the ence of the Center, to help attract a first-class house staff ion. A~ ~ of the ·din setting up the subspecialty divisions." ly." Mr esearcr. ·ho had assur 1ndation debts through 1970, but ex led local hospitals in n ::inue tc -red the foundation to work actively to reasonable reimburseme ·elop an endowment base. -coverage for D.C . I rked OU ~he Board of Trustees adopted the com patients was raised fro ndatior :ree report as Center policy. Shortly T e Center's hbrary developed into in part because of some and n reafter Mrs. Hyman cast a vote of con a top-notch facility under the creative ciencies. The ffoslzin,... that tht ence in the amount of $40,000, and the guidance of Jane Fulcher, who came to the the action in an edit ration rd's Executive Committee lauded her Center from the National Library of Med major medical miracle ·or a clo cellent, intelligent and vital support." icine in 1958. Mrs. Fulcher developed sev Hospital Center." he mech ~he Research Foundation's troubles eral ingenious programs. Year after year ould IA: -:-e not yet over, however. The trustees Mrs. Fulcher obtained grants from the -.iarantEX ;iressed dissatisfaction with certain National Library of Medicine for books, ome o ::iects of the program's management. equipment, a summer intern and an "oral in par -:r Dr. Wolff resigned as director, then history" program. By 1968 the library had hich hac -::. Hyman resigned as a trustee. grown to include 14,000 books and jour T e Centd 1971 anc :he trustees opted to restructure the nals, and a staff of four. The Center Group Hospitalization. receIYc earch Foundation, and established a became one of 80 medical libraries in the was resolved at the year· d-raisin ·earch Committee as a standing com country on MEDLINE, a computer link faction of all. Thoma:o .000 cei. ·•ee of the board. Mr. Braverman was to the National Library of Medicine's president, hailed the a~ founda ::ied chairman; Dr. Caulk was on the data bank. "favorable, fair and eqm :idividud .mittee, as were two future presidents Reflecting the growing nationwide con Mr. Reynolds. retiri ·o forgiv :he Research Foundation: Kimball cern about air pollution, the Center dency in February 19- -~.::tone, who served from 1974 to 1981, changed to burning a fuel oil with a lower with pride to se\·eral a - Ylrs. Robert (Barbara) Collins, who sulpher content. Other signs of the times: High on his list \\-a8 e :ame president in 1982. "Research," Earth Week was observed by student past and long-standi rr rd president, Samuel Scrivener, reas nurses picking up litter, folk singers enter settled." In addit1 m. ed the trustees, "is coming back to the tained at Christmas and at the employees' tended care facili ty. -hington Hospital Center." picnic and surgeons took to wearing cloth with federal fund:,, .\\ e-<: -: the late 60s two movies were shot helmets that covered long hairstyles. Finally, the inten i e ation at the Center. To Speak Again In 1971 the coffee shop closed because going up. "Today:· -oduced speech therapy to cancer pa it had been losing money. In its stead a basic structural fra , ·s who had just had their larynxes fast food line and additional seating were skyline." :)\·ed. In the spring of 1968 Roses for installed in the cafeteria. The new inten ·/y, depicting comprehensive patient sive care tower was taking shape. and the for breast cancer, was filmed at the trustees toured the site. Plans for the ::er. A few years later the Center's extended care facility were advancing so y starred in a movie called Rx !nfor smoothly that Mr. Loughery was moved on. The Medical Library Association to exult that, after 10 years of planning .:: red the Center's library, one of the and work, "We may have finally found est in the nation, to illustrate how the end of the rainbow." ital libraries can be an acti\·e source The Center made news in 1971 by -:formation on patient care, not just a lowering its room rates $3 a day in July ehouse for aging periodicals and out and another $5 a day in September. This ed texts. dropped the typical room charge from $67 to $59. As Mr. Castleman, the treasurer, said, "If they can go up, they can come the Cent down." The reductions were made possi ble in large part because the Center had . The Open Sea The modern hospital ts a career in the laundry room at -altogether S600. living, dynamic, embodi Emergency Hospital as a girl of equipment. ment of centuries of scten of 15. Then an estimated 2,500 The typical unit ttftc and humanttartan employees and their families. 10 to 14 glass-enclo, efforts, an amalgam of plus members of the commu rooms in a semicird often conflicting but basi nity, toured the intensi\·e care an observation·pla ~ cally complimentary com munity and professional units of the west tower and the areas were spaciou pressures.-Anne R. new east wing as well. Wives tranquil. They \\·er Somers, March 21, 1972 of the house staff presented to absorb noise and slide shows; student nurses to keep traffic to a Id H. Ha wti'cld. li'rsf a11d rnrrc11/ led tours; and physicians and 1echnicians. \\·ork1 _ ·1;1 a/fairs dirccfu1: nurses explained the functions at consoles on the p a his afJ{Joi11/11u•11t of individual units. monitored screen:, 1/-f. The following Tuesday 300 tracings of each pa Washington Hospi health care and civic leaders signs. (Along \\·ith - Ttal Centere rode into 1972 on from the greater metropolitan the tower added a a high with the dedication of area came to see the intensive to the Center's pa_ the intensive care tower, care facilities and hear an of them-monitor plunged to a low when The address by Anne Ramsay cardiovascular tee Washington Post hit it with Somers. a nationally recog a blistering attack, then nized authority on health care new careers. ) righted itself and began to organization and financing The first patie surge ahead again. who spoke on ''The Hospital admitted to the IC C The intensive care unit was and the Health Care Crisis." April, when per_ dedicated with a week of festiv The four floors of the inten transferred from ities just as the Center turned sive care tower were a medical gical coronar~ an 14. Beginning on March 15, wonderland. They contained intensive care um 1972, the Center hosted a series specialized units for coronarv. units on ..t-G and-.. of open houses: one for the medical. surgical. renal and - week later the Ce medical staff; one for the press; pulmonary patients. as well as the helicopter era and one for the trustees, the a psychiatric section. An inten icopter carr~1 n a members of the Medical Board, sive care unit for burn victims ill patient from Pe officers of the auxiliary and -included at the urging of Dr. landed on the g;c n {Jcu{Jl1 s11rro1111d major donors. W Ronald Strong- offered the nursing , chl I ra 111 i11 i11!{ table. The official ribbon-cutting region's only specialized burn (/re SI/ /'!{CO/IS, facility for adults. Each unit ·'· rcs{Jirato1y took place on Sunday, March pists. 1111 a11csthc 19. Samuel Scrivener. board \\·as on the same floor as the J ;t, 11 rnrdio1·11s corresponding sen·ice in the tcclrnicia111111d president, shared the honors 111( i'f[l'/1(\' /'VO/// with Ruby Schofield, a 48-year hospital. Adjacent suites 1cia11. T/1cv11re employee who started her within the tower housed an 1 mbcrs ot'ilu x-ray unit. pulmonarv function }i• /lu1r h:am at the r shu1r11 here lab, gastrointestinal ~ection tu the co11struc · and a cineangiography studio 1( .\JedSF1N. The idea of using helicopters as ambu The Center's staff reeled under In a - ·e.:: had been brewing from the time accusations. A subsequent audit of T1ver -e Center opened, and there were re- Center's books by the General Accouw ythir a ed efforts to implement the concept. Office, made at Mr. Loughery's requ corr - October 1963 police helicopters flew in lowest po;nt of 1972, and qu;te uncovered no evidence of financial wr ce E :-1e:- of three seriously injured patients. likelyT of the Center's 25-year history, came doing. Overlapping interests were ~e, ac e Center's newspaper, Center Line, not with the publication of a biting attack on unusual in the hospitals it surveyed. nter \ hat the Hospital Center's spacious the Center in The Washington Post. Start GAO report said, and in some insta d:,, \\Ue ideal, predicted that heli ing with the issues of Sunday, Oct. 29, were to the benefit of the hospitals. F er arri\·ais "may not be a novelty The Post ran a six-part series on "The thermore. all of the trustees· activitie: ~1r. S< _ ·h longer." However, the prospect was Hospital Business." The articles, which within guidelines for trustees that rd of a_-ed repeatedly by a variety of prob ran an extraordinary 55 feet in overall American Hospital Association w . A I mcluding poorly coordinated radio column length, assailed the Hospital Cen propose later in the decade. -mber1 , unications between the city and the ter (and to a much lesser degree other Mr. Loughery, addressing the board . as s1 u-b<:. a shortage of helicopter mainte area institutions) with accusations of a following winter, rated 1972 as "the . he Ce1 - - e personnel, and red tape. multitude of abuses: trustees and admin difficult year this hospital has ever ex rustee - %6 the Center invited the press to a istrators entangled in conflicts of interest, enced." Several forces, he said, inclu ired, ti • -. iration showing the usefulness of physicians raking off hospital profits, the financing and demands from out -rom ti p er ambulances and, later that hospital awarding contracts without com agencies, "hit us with the effect of al" tel in b - "patients" were "choppered" onto petitive bidding and hoodwinking the expected iceberg tearing a hole in board e ter's baseball field in the District's press and public about charges. bottom of a fine ship." Id be 1·ywide disaster drill. In the spring The publication of the articles did not Mr. Scrivener met The Post's as_ Id be he Center and the D.C. Medical come as a surprise. For months an inves with equanimity and directed the Ce m info! . co!-ponsored a symposium, and tigative reporter had been conducting along a path of temperance. The Cen ted all - ~dicopte r manufacturers offered free interviews with trustees, medical staff, objective, Mr. Scrivener maintained. tings ·o reporters, photographers, and management and counsel, and digging "reconvincing the public that Washin ee. Su al personnel. Again in 1969 the through hospital files. As far back as June Hospital Center was capable of suppl_ demonstrated the feasibility of heli- the president of the board, Mr. Samuel first-rate medical attention." e- -e,cues from Beltway accidents Scrivener, Jr., had received a letter from a The trustees considered, then discar - :-e Labor Day weekend. Still, it was Post editor; it contained five pages of ques the idea of publishing a public rebL _ 1: 1971 that the red tape could tions and announced the newspaper's in in the paper, although three physic Irs. Ro t:ared away. The trustees formally tention of interviewing all the trustees. wrote letters to the editor. Instead ·ed as - ed the service, and the Federal The Center felt it had nothing to hide, and Center devoted a special issue of e 1971 ..\dministration approved the use encouraged everyone to be completely Centerscope magazine to an analysis o: y str '"' a:-.::y field next to the School of open with The Post reporter. most widely discussed accusations. e, she - 5 a::: a landing zone. ·wheth \"omen's Auxiliary agreed to rs. Pr_ an all-weather helipad, which g seve a 'J be used by the Veterans Admin dening - and ewntually by Children's ital af • .... In :\lay 1974, Barbara Collins, progra president. turned the first spade alibrar a-·h. and by fall the helipad was createc. al tru treats .1cal sta:.. hery's he m e-yearl_ snot or ession , the~ vonea: Ruby Schofield, who began working at Emergency Hospital al age 15, assisted by Samuel Scril'Cn president of !he Center's Board of Trustees, cuts the ribbon of !he Center's brand new intensive car in .\larch 1972. 57 hed in The Post, Mr. - we find or learn of d be corrected, it will s been our practice tution, public or pri ection. However, the ...,-e trying." "Xi at the helm of the roughout the volatile "'Tley, he had been a _of Episcopal Hospital :ome an incorporator Thc palie11t is a/mos/ i111'isiblc. c11gulji•d by lhcopen heart team: heart-pump /cch11icia11. cardiouascular After his election as surgeon. residents a 11d fel/o{('. a11eslhesiologisl. scrub 1111rsca11d ca rdiomscu/a r tech nicia 11. he served on, then ~ursing Committee. brought on Dr. Charles Currier, a special Scrivener was inter ist from the Medical College of Virginia. :rustee participation After several months of preliminaries felt that trustees training medical personnel, developing med and that there Center continued to establish legal and administrative protocols and ac anisms for keeping Toutposts alonge the frontiers of medicine at quiring special equipment-Dr. Currier's - y in his tenure he a remarkable clip. These advances in team was ready to begin. On April 19 they attend the monthly cluded open heart surgery, kidney dialysis removed a kidney from a 34-year-old --d's Executive Com- and transplantation, pacemaker develop Virginia woman who had suffered a brain 1e pared the number ment, CAT scanning. and psoriasis re hemorrhage and implanted it into a - to six; these were search, among others. 42-year-old man from the District of ing and studying The open heart surgery program was Columbia. -ecommendations to initiated in the late 1960s. It was sched By year's end the team had installed uled to get under way in May 1972 with kidneys in four more patients, one a I) Pryce, who has the opening of two newly remodeled oper· youngster of 16. The Center performed 20 ::-retary to the board ating rooms in the ne\\. east wing. transplants in 1975 and 24 in 1976, mak '.\1r. Scrivener as But emergencies \\·on 't wait. In March ing it the busiest transplant service in the rant." It was his a patient recuperating from routine sur area. In August 1977, the Center, along nt a seed. He didn't gery developed massive pulmonary emboli with the District's three medical schools, got the credit." and emergency surgery was necessary won the federal government's stamp of rumental in devel to save the man's life. Two surgical approval as an official renal transplant )(lrd's programs for teams, which included the newly ap and dialysis center. understanding of pointed chairman, Dr. Karel Absolon, Dr. The renal dialysis program evolved in include an orienta ~icholas Smyth, and resident Dr. Jorge step with the transplant program. Grad t.1stees, a handbook Garcia, moved into action and sm·ed the ually chronic outpatient dialysis needs . corporators" group man's life . outgrew the Center's original facilities on -.ng ground for po- Thereafter the open heart surgery team 3G, and in early 1977 the outpatient ser operated several times a \\·eek. Following vice was turned over to the Washington management and Dr. Garcia's return in 1974 from two years Kidney Center, which opened in the Physi informally at Mr. of specialized training at the Cleveland cians Office Building. The 3G unit was rage in the 1960s. Clinic, the Center became increasingly reserved for persons needing dialysis on had evolved into known for its expertise in coronary bypass an acute basis, as well as for pre and post· \·here the partici surgery. In 1975 the Center performed operative transplant patients. By early continuing educa more than 100 open heart procedures. By 1978 the sections headed by Dr. Peter and management 1979 the hospital, with more than 700 Birkman, renal diseases chairman, and chance to get to open heart procedures, was the most rmal settings. active open heart surgery center, by far, in metropolitan Washington. In 1981 the number topped 1,000. The Center added kidney transplanta tion to its capabilities in early 1974 when it 58 Dr. Currier were ready to move to a 26-bed facility on 3D. In addition to six hemodi alysis stations for acutely ill patients, the new unit had special sections for trans plantation patients and kidney patients needing isolation, intensive or intermedi ate care. I n the fall of 1974 the Centec notched another success when it became the first hospital in the world to implant an atomic pacemaker. The atomic unit v.:as not only small-scarcely larger than a pocket watch -it was powered by plutonium 238, an energy source that could be counted on to last up to 20 years, making most replace ment surgery obsolete. The atomic pacemakers were used to replace worn-out conventional units in two patients. The units were the result of more than two years of research by thoracic surgeon Dr. Nicholas Smyth and a colleague in Pittsburgh. Before the pace D1:SichvlasPD. Smyth. a thoracic surg!'oll al lh!' C!'11/c1; holds 211 years vf r11ergy i11 !he pal111 of lu makers won approval from the Atomic Dr. Smyth is a co-dc1•c/vpcr of !he /u•o-ouncc nuclear pace111ak!'r, about !he size of a jJoc/I('/ imtch Energy Commission, they had to with 1974. /he C('11/!'r became /he Jirsl hospital i11 the u•orld lo i111pla11/ !he impro1•('d 1111c/car-jJvwcrcd 11 stand rigorous test conditions, including temperatures up to 1,300 degrees Celsius, William Glew, chairman of the depart (computerized axial tomography crushing, and high velocity impact. ment of ophthalmology, coordinated a scanner, a combination x-ray m In 1975 the dermatology department of study of ocular changes in psoriatic pa and computer that provides invalua the Center, under the direction of Dr. tients and animals. formation in diagnosing and mom Thomas Nigra, was designated (along In 1974 and again in 1975 the Center brain tumors, strokes and other o: with those of Harvard, Stanford, Baylor received funding from the Regional Medi brain damage without pain or risk and a handful of other university medical cal Programs to demonstrate how a terti patient. In June 1977 a whole-bod~ centers) to take part in a clinical coopera ary care facility like the Center and a scanner, operated by Groover, C tive trial for a revolutionary new treat primary care center like the inner-city and Merritt, was installed in a ba ment for the chronic skin condition called Shaw Community Health Center could facility adjacent to the hospital. I psoriasis. Patients who had failed to work together. Under the direction of Dr. hospital radiologists acquired a r respond to conventional remedies were Barth, arthritis patients were brought to control fluoroscopy room and a given a light-sensitizing drug, then ex the Center for specialized treatment, edu procedures room for angiographic posed to ultraviolet light. The new treat cation and rehabilitation services. In addi Obstetricians began using ultra ment relieved symptoms for long periods tion, a nurse practitioner was trained to for prenatal diagnosis in 1972; by L of time for many of the patients. Dr. Nigra provide long-term follow-up for arthritis sen·ice had grown into one of the also worked with Harvard colleagues in patients at Shaw. in the nation. studies of the drug's metabolism. 1975 also saw the introduction of vitre A practice that contrasted sharp In addition, Center rheumatologist Dr. ous surgery. Center ophthalmologists ob these high-tech advances was intr Werner Barth participated in a National tained a new instrument that could be in 1978, when an 8-pound, 14-our Institutes of Health study of the effects of used in conjunction with an operating was born to a Virginia couple I the therapy on psoriatic arthritis. Dr. microscope to remove diseased or dam Center's new "birthing room." Ar aged tissue from the vitreous, the jelly-like native to the traditional labor and d I substance that fills the eyeball. rooms, the birthing room was dee In 1976 the radiologists added a for to look like a bedroom in a private midable weapon to their armamentarium when they acquired a $400,000 CAT 59 nter continued to establish outposts along the frontiers of e at a remarkable clip. These advances included open rgery, kidney dialysis and transplantation, pacemaker ment, CAT scanning and psoriasis research. deliveries were expected to without curtailing clinic services in the medical consulting firm to take a look at !ems could choose to have hospital. the structure and function of not only the this comfortable environ In November 1974 the Center took a medical staff-including the role of a med hat all the back-up facili major organizational step forward when ical affairs director-but also the Board -al were at hand in case of it created the post of full-time director of of Trustees, the management staff and ?rovided the delivery was medical affairs and appointed Dr. Harold the Research Foundation. Dr. HaVvrfield's ons, and the baby checked Hawfield to fill it. Dr. Hawfield had been appointment in 1974 was the direct out \-ith the neonatologist, on the attending staff in surgery since growth of that study - were allowed to return 1958, and was president of the medical Jay. staff in 1974. As director of medical affairs, rly 70s the Center had he was to see that medically related board possibilities for expand policies were carried out, that the hospital ·o the community. Plans stayed abreast of new developments in care facility were coming medical practice, and that the hospital u ons, too, made their appear· t the summer 1972 issue maintained standards that would satisfy ance in the hospital in the 70s. In 1970 r. Center Line, showed accrediting agencies. union organizers conducted a 10-week ;:>!ans for a five-wing, The position of director of medical af campaign for some 800 service employees, 'ng, and announced that fairs had been in the offing for years. As but the vote went 466-164 against the .Jd begin in the fall. Just the health care field grew increasingly union. By 1975, however, the election ·ever, prospects for in- cluttered with government requirements swung the other way. A majority of the :or extended care began and restrictions and oversight organiza Center's 1,700 service employees voted in -e ensuing months reim- tions, it became clear that the duties of the Service Employees International - were clearly defined to medical staff president were too time-con Union, and the Center and the SEIU care, and the trustees suming for a physician who also wished spent more than four months negotiating ~ he project in 1973. to maintain a private practice. a contract. :lity involved establish The issue of the medical staff's struc In September 1976, the security de - Jspital in Maryland's ture had come to a head in 1970 when Dr. partment voted for a union. The following -: ty. After several years Ernest A. Gould announced his decision winter the union threatened a strike but, --orations, Mr. Scrivener to resign as chairman of the department in fact, no walkout occurred, and the - met with the county of surgery because the department's security employees voted to decertify the with county citizens. structure was unwieldy and, therefore, union in October 1977. ~ ·y, impressed with the unworkable. To provide the hospital's 2,200 full-time --' tee, management and A delegation of surgical residents pro nonsupervisory employees with a direct - zation, encouraged the tested his resignation to the Board of channel to the administration, the Center acute-care facility on a Trustees. Dr. Gould, the residents said, set up an Employee Advisory Council in - The trustees' Long was the keystone of the educational pro 1974. The Hospital Services Committee ~ mmittee looked into gram. "He represents the type of physi emerged as a middle management group th the concurrence of cian all the house staff would like to to develop projects to improve patient care decided against it. become." But Dr. Gould held fast to his and employee morale. _ outlet was a Neigh decision and the trustees had no choice In anticipation of accreditation require ·er, but the suggestion but to accept his resignation, with regret. ments calling for more thorough in-house medical staff. The However, Thomas Reynolds, board presi medical audit and utilization review, the e enough physicians, dent, took the occasion to direct the medi Center developed a Quality Assurance staff such a project cal staff to reevaluate its organization, Committee. The committee, which was and come up with alternatives in 60 days. made up of physicians, trustees and Not surprisingly, the proposed changes were not satisfactory to everyone, and Mr. Reynolds and the board decided to hire a 60 members of the administration, was charged with reviewing the minutes of all committees reporting to the Medical Board and developing continuing educa tion programs to set to rights any problem areas. A Medical Records Committee spent the better part of a year developing a thorough patient care audit program prior to the advent of the Professional Standards Review Organization. The PSRO, which arrived in January 1976, was created by the federal govern ment to ensure quality care for federally funded patients, and efficient use of gov ernment funds. At the Center, where Medicare and Medicaid patients consti tuted approximately 40 percent of the admissions, PSRO activities were put under the direction of a government team. By choosing this option rather than setting up its own PSRO unit, the Center was able to save an estimated $150,000 Nancy and /I like Sconyers of Falls Church. I a.. arc the first couple lo use the Center's neu· b1 a year. room. They welcomed Joseph. a u•hopping8-lb .. 14 1h·oz. baby. 0111\'01•. 13. 1978 at 2:04 a.m. The Center also pioneered economies through group purchasing and generated then was elected to its prestigious income through selling shared services to member Board of Governors in 19-_ other institutions. When malpractice in 1974 associate administrator David surance premiums rose out of sight grave, who had come to the Center from $600,000 one year to $1.3 million the tempo that Mr. Loughery set administrative resident in 1961. next-the Center moved into self-insur Twas spirited. In addition to nurturing the named a regent, making the Cente ance. In 1980 the Center took on its own hospital's relentless growth in medical only hospital in the country to have workers compensation insurance with programs, patient services and facilities, regent and a governor in the college even greater savings to the hospital. "the boss" was responsible for guiding the same time.) Earlier, the Center had been the first Center's myriad interactions in matters In 1976 the Center, as ever look! hospital in the country to devise a com ranging from personnel issues to finances the future, hired a consulting firm t puter program that could cope with the to government policies. As Mr. Loughery the hospital set goals and priorities f overwhelming bookkeeping problems gen was to remark to the trustees some years ahead. The consultants, the M erated by federal Medicare regulations. months later, "The hospital is no longer firm, made an exhaustive six-month ~ an island in a peaceful sea. Regulators, working with Center staff at all 1 In 1975, for only the second time in its third-party payers, consumers, competi Then, taking into account new m history, the medical staff presented the tors and the media cause us to keep a services, government regulations, co. Gold-Headed Cane Award to a non-physi weather eye constantly to the windward." nity attitudes, costs and other var. cian. The cane that had been awarded to One of Mr. Loughery's unique contribu they made a series of recommenda Charles Dewey in 1955 for his role in the tions was to set up, shortly after taking They suggested among other thing creation of the Center was passed on to office, an administrative residency program the Center initiate mutually ber. Richard Loughery. As Dr. Melvin G. Alper, for master's degree students in hospital relationships with secondary care president of the medical staff, made the administration. A number of these resi tals in and around Washington, est presentation at the medical staff banquet dents followed their two years of on-the-job satellite primary care centers, e_ in 1975, he read Mr. Dewey's commenda training with positions as assistant ad specialty clinics, add a second Phy_ tion: "When the band comes down the ministrators at the Center, and several Office Building, implement plans for street the drum major receives the atten later became chief administrators at major rehabilitation services, further e. tion. Now it's time to recognize the guy medical centers around the country. extended care facilities, and esta beating the drum. He sets the tempo and Over the years Mr. Loughery's leader shock-trauma service. keeps the procession moving.'' ship was recognized in many ways. In 1961 he became a fellow in the American College of Hospital Administrators. He served as regent from 1968 to 1971, and 61 ·ere not revolutionary in specific audiences emerged: Ce11terscope _:, as Mr. Loughery said, magazine, By-li11es. The Jledica! Staff ,tudy "forced us to be Bulletin, Sursing Neu•s and For Your cd about planning." The Good Health newsletters. nge Planning Committee recommendations into bjectives which the board ,..c h 1977. These specified rnuld aim on its capabilities as a N arly every year at least one referral center; of the Center's publications received na graphically broad and so tional recognition. In 1972 the prestigious ly diversified population; MacEachern award given in conjunction '1nels of communication with the Academy of Hospital Public Rela n with area residents; tions went to three Center publications, - developing logical health Centerscope, Center Line and the School of ystems. Sursing Bulletin. By 1977 the Center had he Center became one of won nine MacEacherns in seven years, s in the country to adopt making it among the most cited hospitals ,.. patients-but just by a in the award 's history. ~ Center's statement of The public affairs department concen ad been promoted by the trated on building bridges to the commun ent Task Force, a group ity in many ways. A slide show on health administrators charged careers was shown to an average of 1.000 e long-range goals of the students each year. The "shadowing" pro cd patients pri\-acy. con gram gaw high schoolers a taste of hos plete information, and pital work. Explorer scouts drew 30 teens pectful care. per year interested in medical careers. ·e of the public affairs A speakers bureau, organized in 1974, icument was broadened lined up physicians, nurses and other t:nt's responsibilities as professionals who volunteered to discuss mplete background in health-related topics. In 1975 the Center 'J appointments. follow launched an annual community health '.'"eatment, and asking fair. In 1976 the Center hosted the pre ~about directions. miere of Liue With It, a film exploring the ·,·on approval from the psychological adjustment to diabetes. With ut some trustees ap the approval of the American Diabetes . legal counsel advised Association, the film was distributed na ourage lawsuits. The tionally. In 1977 the Center hosted the the only time in its first of a series of dinners and com·ersa ~ the middle. It fell to tions with members of Ward 4's Neighbor t of the board, Justin hood Advisory Council, which over time he decisive ballot. were broadened to encompass neighbor ~ hood commissioners from other nearby came director of the wards. c affairs in 1970 when The Center also developed its own predecessor Charles closed-circuit television capability, WHC ·nder Mrs. Snyder's TV, and, with the help of volunteers from .1c affairs department the Junior League of Washington, began ny directions. Center to produce videotapes on a wide variety of n reporting hospital subjects for patient education. since the opening of The 70s were also a time when the /;;quipped {{'i/lz pro/l'Ctil'l goggles. a psoriasis patient stands in tlzc "fig/it box ... Lined 1cith amped from a maga nurses took to wearing pastel uniforms, sixfoot-lvnJ; 11//ral'io/d longu·a1 •t light bulbs. the ev,·spaper format. A nursing students graduated in miniskirts, slw1wr/ikc stall was dcsig}/(·dfora research projfft. odicals designed for and residents grew beards. Wives of the house staff decorated the walls of the children's waiting room with giraffes and 62 kangaroos, and wrote a cookbook as a The auxiliary's diligent fund-raising Medical education programs flouri_ fund-raiser. Center employees challenged efforts, plus income from television rent as the Center's way became a blue. each other in annual tennis tournaments, als and vending machines, and endow for almost every type of job that need mounted winning basketball and softball ment funds created a veritable cornucopia be done in a hospital. In addition t teams and formed a radio club. In the face whose gifts spilled into every corner of administrative residency program. of rising gas prices in the mid-70s, and the hospital. Funds were used to redeco Center developed an educational resid again during the gas lines of the late 70s, rate patient rooms, the lobby, the employee for hospital chaplains and a three they shared car pools. The "preparation lounge. The auxiliary underwrote equip apprenticeship for hospital engir: for parenthood" classes were translated to ment for neonatology, a debridement room There were programs to train cardi ~ sign language for deaf couples, and teach for the burn unit and an inpatient cast cular technicians and respiratory t ers and students from Gallaudet College. room for orthopedics. The auxiliary con pists, practical nurses and lab assis ~ tributed $13,000 to equip a laboratory for Graduates of the School of Nursing the noninvasive diagnosis of peripheral high pass rates on the state boards; ~ vascular disease and $10,000 to develop the radiologic technologists. The m a skin bank. Funds bought audiovisual technologists passed the registry exa1 materials for the library, a small car for 1978 with one of the highest group T e Women's Auxiliary won na· the security department, mannequins for ever achieved. In 1979 they took both_ tional recognition in 1975 when the Na teaching cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and regional titles, then advanced t tional Association for Hospital Develop a music system for the intensive care national finals of an academic "b ment awarded first place, special projects nurseries and magazines for the surgical competition, a feat they repeated in category, to the Race for Life. By 1975 the waiting rooms. and 1981. traditional night at the harness races had The auxiliary also continued to support :\early all openings for house staff brought in over $200,000 and it was still the Needy Sick Fund and the specialty tinued to be filled through the Nar growing. The event received a special clinics. Funds from the auxiliary paid for Intern :\latching Program. In 197 fillip, and a lot of media coverage, when transportation and medicine for patients department of medicine alone had the 1976 honorary chairman, the Iranian in the glaucoma clinic and bought medica applications for its 23 positions; re Ambassador Ardeshir Zahedi, arrived in tions and small appliances for indigent cies in ophthalmology were booked _ the company of actress Elizabeth Taylor. patients in the outpatient clinic. And each in ad\·ance. It also raised nearly $50,000. In 1977 year the auxiliary contributed to the ,..._, singer/actress Pearl Bailey was the honor Research Foundation. In all, auxiliary In the mid-70s the Center initiated ary chairman. contributions came to $146,000 in 1977 era! steos to put an even finer edge The lobby shop, too, continued to turn a and topped $177,000 in 1978. alread~ formidable critical care ski! fine profit for the auxiliary. Gross sales topped $500,000 in 1976. Card sales alone were so phenomenal-$1,300 a running foot of display space, compared to a stan dard $120-that the shop was featured in a trade magazine, Gzft and Tableware Reporter, and the auxiliary wrote a "how to" guide for other hospital gift shops. From time to time the auxiliary spon sored other assorted fund-raisers. Income from a "Fiesta" dinne1 dance at the Pan American Union in 1967 went to sponsor a fellowship for a researcher from South America. In 1969 benefit-goers started out with dinner at the British Embassy, then traveled via a double-decker bus to see the movie premiere of Goodbye Mr. Chips. In 1976 the auxiliary returned to the Pan American Union for a "Bicentennial Ball." llashi11gto11 Hospital Center's medical tec/111ology stude11/s display the plaque they 11•on competin~ academic bou·I 11ational fi11als. Seated is Andrea Adams. Standi11g from hf! arc Mary Figlia, C S11•ord . .\liche/e Best (the lea111 's coach), Denise Rioux and Sean Shea. 63 men's Auxiliary's diligent fund-raising efforts, plus from television rentals and vending machines, and ent funds created a veritable cornucopia whose gifts into every corner of the hospital. ment of Health, Education gical ICU, Dr. Champion was charged officially end until June 28. It was one of egional Medical Program with developing a comprehensive trauma the longest and most trying months in the ergency room in the Cen care program. hospital's experience. city hospitals. Two-thirds The following February the new shock The threat of a strike started taking ·he survey found, did not trauma service inaugurated a "Code shape the previous May, when the Center ""Tiergenc1es. Yellow" system. Members of the Code affiliate of the newly formed District of -:is report, the Center de- Yellow team, like those on the Code Blue Columbia Nurses' Association presented -me-month, $30,000 over- team (for patients with cardiac or respira the Center with its proposed contract. rgency department. Dr. tory arrest), responded instantly with life Wages were less of an issue than a num :dical director of the emer saving care for patients in surgical shock ber of fringe benefits: maternity leave, t. consulted with depart or with severe injuries-burns over 20 assigning of fixed shifts on the basis of and devised a separate percent of the body, multiple injuries in seniority and nurses' preference, time off eds and a nursing station volving several body systems, or gunshot for continuing education, grievance proce non-urgent patients. This or stab wounds to the chest or abdomen. dures for performance evaluations, in orb the services previ Since such patients generally required creased vacation and sick leave. The by the medical walk-in some form of emergency surgery, the Code nurses were also demanding a union shop a day. Yellow team's goal was to stabilize the whereby all staff nurses, as a condition of ;iich was partially funded patient for surgery within 30 minutes. employment, would be required to become Medical Program, also By the end of its first day the Code dues-paying members of the union. ~a glass-enclosed nursing Yellow team had responded to four differ The Center responded both by calling ddle of the urgent area ent calls. According to one of the partici in supervisory personnel and by gearing :iew ICU beds, a "quiet pants, it went "like clockwork." down its operations. Nursing units were atric patients, a triage Just a few weeks later the shock closed, and elective surgery was post Code Blue room, and a trauma team was ready when a Code poned. The shock-trauma and burn units Yellow announced the arrival by ambu remained opened, but emergency room ~ti cipated actively with lance of City Councilman, and future arrivals, except for the acutely ill , were ' -ernments in the devel District mayor, Marion Barry. Mr. Barry routed elsewhere. The Center also began .-needed regional Erner had been shot when a group of Hanafi to publish a daily bulletin carrying up : rvices program. Dr. Muslims seized the District Building. dates of strike-related news for employees. .. director of the Center's Luckily his injuries were not grave; his Despite the disruptions, the hospital -. was elected chairman chest wounds were treated in the inten staff took the normally quiet Memorial IS Advisory Committee sive care area and he was promptly grad Day weekend in stride. The Code Yellow of 1977, 20 paramedics uated to a private room. team was called into action six times; - Fire Department re Sue Hannan, assistant director of nurs obstetrics reported 26 births. Visitors of intensive training, ing for shock-trauma, received a grant expressed uneasiness about the picket __;cl inical, at the Center. from the Council of Governments to estab lines and security apparatus, but patients the first D.C. hospital lish a shock-trauma training program for assured reporters they were being well - a two-way communi emergency room nurses throughout the cared for. In a few days the emergency .· ng paramedics with metropolitan area. By July 1977, over 100 department came off re-route and open And Mobile 25, Wash had participated. And in June 1977, the heart surgery was being performed again. - ~ ive care ambulance, District government gave the Center the On June 26, the nurses voted 181-12 to -:e Center. requisite green light for the construction end the 31-day strike. ·er hired Dr. Howard of acute critical care resuscitation areas Substantial compromises were made by · - first shock-trauma and operating rooms that would come to both negotiating teams. The Center set it n to heading the sur- be known as Med STAR. self to the task of getting back to normal. ~ On May 27, 1978, the Hospital Center nurses went out on a strike that did not 65 Medicine ls an advancing searched for more subtle injur Center hosted the now cus science and the best ies, and they readied the tomary series of open houses. hospitals In the world are patient for treatment, usually There were special tours for not those which merely use in one of the intensive care trustees from Children's Hospi new knowledge, but those sections tal as well as from the Center, which create lt.-Slr The $1.6 million Med STAR and for members of the Ad George W. Pickering unit was situated on the first \'isory Neighborhood Com floor of the intensive care mission. A series of luncheons tower, footed by a new helipad brought emergency room phy and flanked by ambulance sicians and nurses and hospital ramps. Six resuscitation bays administrators from through ringing a glass-walled nursing out the region. Approximately March 1979, as the station made it possible to treat 800 people toured the facilities, ICentern turned 21, it set the a number of people simultane and also got a look at the inside capstone on its critical care ously in the event of a large of a U.S. Park Police helicopter facilities. MedSTAR (Medical scale accident or disaster. A and D.C. Fire Department Shock-Trauma Acute Resusci shock room accommodated ambulances. The highlight of tation), was a receiving unit, a persons suffering from mas the week-long celebration port of entry for persons in sive blood loss. A full-service came on March 1, when Mayor imminent danger of death. operating room permitted Marion Barry snipped a sur Within moments of arrival by major surgery on the spot, and gical gauze "ribbon" festooned ambulance or helicopter, the built-in x-ray equipment mini across the entrance. patient-whether the victim of mized the need to move criti The first patients were burns, gunshot wounds, a cally ill patients. admitted on March 12. In the severe heart attack or a dia Med STAR was distinguished first 12 days MedSTAR regis betic coma-was in the skilled by its interdisciplinary nature. tered 27 admissions, including hands of a specialized instant It was geared to handle life seven persons who arrived by response team. Surgeons, criti threatening medical emergen helicopter. By the end of Jan cal care physicians and nurses, cies such as cardiac arrest or uary 1980, close to 800 pa anesthesiologists, oral sur drug overdose, as well as sur tients had been treated in geons, technicians and thera gical emergencies such as cen MedSTAR, and the number pists immediately initiated tral nervous system injuries or increased to nearly 1,000 in life-support measures. They airway obstructions. As a 1981. The mortality rate was a opened airways, gave oxygen, result, it was well suited to low 14 percent. hooked up intravenous lines so provide top-quality care for they could pour in vital fluids someone with a combination or instill drugs, measured of problems, for instance, an heart and lung functions, and auto accident victim suffering analyzed blood samples. They from burns in addition to head examined obvious wounds and and internal injuries. MedSTAR was launched with a flurry of festivities. The 66 In September 1979 MedSTAR was des ignated as the District's official trauma center for helicopter arrivals. By 1981, the helipad was being used more than 300 times a year. The dangerously ill patients treated in MedSTAR represented relatively few just about 4 percent-of the 40,000 pa tients seen in the emergency department in a year. To keep pace with the develop ment of emergency medicine as a di stinct specialty, and to make the department as efficient as possible, in July 1980 the Cen ter arranged with an outside group of physicians experienced in emergency de partment administration to assume man agement of the Center's emergency de partment. Under the four-year contract, Northeast Emergency Medical Associates provided highly qualified physicians. The nursing staff, however, remained account able to the Center, and the ultimate responsibilit y for the quality of care rested .1la1y El/c11 L_v11ch. R.\", a11d .1lar_1· Jli/c1!'ski, R.\", exa111i11c a11 i11fa11t i11 the i11/c11si1·c care 11 with Dr. Harold Hawfield, director of med 1chcrc they work as the hospita/'sjirst 11urse i11tc11sfrisls. ical affairs. The emergency department also intro In 1980 the trustees made a dee: duced a special corps of volunteers, known that had become inevitable; they vot as emergency department representatives. phase out the School of Nursing. Alth The job of the emergency department the School of Nursing ranked as one representative was to provide liaison be u er the leadership of Judge 10 oldest in the country and its grad tween the staff and the patients and their Sterrett, the Center began to move in a were widely recognized for their families , calming their anxieties and salv variety of new directions. Symbolically, caliber, as a three-year diploma sch1 ing frustrations over waits. the Center adopted a new logo. In place was one of a dying breed. In 196J ~ of the traditional circular seal, the Center American Nurses' Association took a _ The Center started off the 1980s with chose a square in which a hospital cross favoring baccalaureate programs. the District's first baby of the decade is formed by four blocks-three black diploma programs had been closing c a 9-pound, 8-ounce boy who arrived at blocks to represent the three merging ever since. 12:08 a.m.-and with a new president of hospitals, and a blue block to stand for In 1972 faculty members from the the Board of Trustees. Succeeding Mr. the product of the merger, the Washington ter's School of Nursing issued a po~ Scrivener, who stepped down after nearly Hospital Center. paper endorsing degree programs. nine years in office, was the Hon. Samuel The board stepped up its explorations Center explored affiliations with k B. Sterrett. into the multi-hospital system, a concept can University, George Washington Judge Sterrett, of the U.S. Tax Court, that was becoming increasingly popular versity and Trinity College. In 198 had been a member of the Board of Trust around the country. It took steps to re Center and the Catholic Universi· ees since 1967. As chairman of the Long shape board activities, so that trustee America arrived at a formal agreeme Range Planning Committee, Judge Ster energies would be focused more sharply a cooperative arrangement. Nursin rett had laid the groundwork for the on policy, less on management. And it dents from Catholic University wou intensive care tower. adopted a mission statement, clearly ac classrooms in the School of Nursin knowledging the Center's role as a tertiary the Center would be their primary si· care facility. clinical experience. While the School of Nursing wa phased out, the hospital's nursing - was getting a boost in status. In r tion of the growing role of nur professional members of the health team, in 1979 the board adopted an o. izational restructuring that brough 67 nd Alternative was one of many fresh approaches to the ms of staffing. Popular with the nurses, it cut the Center's ostly commercial nursing pools. fficer up to the level of the nursing began a completely fresh approach _JCal affairs. These persons, to the problems of staffing. Nurses opting - operations officer and the for the so-called Weekend Alternative _ d report to the chief exec- could earn a full week's pay by working Saturday and Sunday only; those working E erns in house staff education, -umber of the medical staff 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. were paid for a 36-hour too, were changing. Increasingly residents che new arrangement, Mr. week, those on the night shift were paid were rotating for shorter periods of time ended that the changes for a 40-hour week. And nurses not on the to a greater number of institutions. The _ the hospital in many Weekend Alternative could choose to work Center developed a variety of affiliations nal report as chief execu Monday through Friday. with the area's universities, armed ser - vember 1981, he told the The phone started to ring as soon as the vices institutions, including the Armed ~ators that the new lines ads appeared in the newspapers; in the Forces Institute of Pathology, and area had resulted in "a better first two months the Center received over hospitals, including the neighboring Chil - a stronger nursing ser 800 calls. At the end of the program's first dren's and the Veterans Administration :i improved recruitment year it was judged exceptionally success hospitals. In some cases, residents and ful. The U.S. Department of Labor an fellows from other institutions-George ::>f 1979 the hospital hired nounced its intent to study the program. Washington University, Georgetown Uni practitioner, or clinical The Center also developed a rich as versity, or the University of Maryland co take patient histories sortment of educational programs for rotated through the Center; in other in -ical examinations in the nurses. A preceptorship program was de stances, Center residents rotated outside. surgery. Before many veloped to help ease the transition for The orthopedics and neurosurgery pro other nurse practitioners newly graduated nurses just entering the grams, for instance, were thoroughly - the emergency depart- work force and a course was developed to integrated with George Washington, and a ted "excellent" by both prepare staff nurses to become preceptors. residents could rotate for varying lengths :f physicians. In August Nursing grand rounds were initiated to of time to George Washington, the Center _Yes were given approval give staff nurses an opportunity to learn a or Children's. Obstetrician-gynecology co work at the Center team approach to patients with complex residents went to Johns Hopkins for gyne ·ision of private physi- nursing needs, such as kidney transplant cologic oncology; urology and surgery pecially trained profes or laryngectomy patients. Nurses were of residents acquired community hospital se intensivists joined the fered classes in how to conduct physical experience at hospitals in the nearby :-n intensive care unit. exams; an internship for operating room Maryland suburbs. as elsewhere in the nurses ranked as one of the nations's In 1980 the Center pioneered in-house ·affing was a chronic finest. In November 1981, the Center's higher education for employees. A bache turnover at the Center continuing education courses won full lor's degree in human services was of - _ow only in comparison accreditation from the American Nurses' fered through an off-campus program of .,;) percent figure. Association-an honor usually reserved George Washington's School of Education. and retain top quality for programs run by universities or state Eighty employees enrolled to take the _- maintained an active or regional nursing associations. weekly evening classes in subjects such m. The Center's full The various initiatives in the depart as human development, anthropology and nurse recruiter, Lois ment of nursing paid off. In 1981, even in business. _ iob fairs, attended col the face of a nurse shortage, the number ~ d ran ads in journals. of staff nurses employed by the Center ;at everybody is looking increased by 165 for a total of nearly 750. _ ·· she explained, "ex- rticularly experienced " -. Costello, RN, leading -c. the department of 68 Burn care is 011e of the 1110s/ cxpcnsil'c lrcal111c11/s i11 111cdici11c. For a 50 pcrcc11/ bum. the bi/I 1cill be $75.000 and up. B11! 1fa critical patic11/ is lo sun palic11/ 11ccds specialized supplies a 11d 24-lzour allc11/io11 from c1•c1)'011c 011 the bum lca111. Tlzc ll'aslzi11g/011 Hospital Ci 11/u- lzas the 011ly adult bum 101 region a11d proi•idcs three lcrcls of care: a IO-bed i11/c11sil'c care u11il. a 13-bcd rchabililalio111111il. m1 oulpalic11/ care for tlzosc zcho lzal'c bcc11 discharg1a A 1979 report from the Metropolitan The skin bank made it possible Tertiary Care Task Force documented sen·e, through freezing, living skin that the Center was doing more open taken from cadaver donors. The heart procedures, with a better success when thawed, served as a pro c inical innovations continued rate, than any other hospital, public or dressing for patients with exr to flourish at the Center. In June 1979 the private. in the area. In fact, with more burns. locking in the patient's bod_ Center was granted approval to build a than 700 non-emergency open heart oper ture and keeping out infection, wh1 second cardiac catheterization lab. In the ations to its credit in 1979, it had per skin grew. In 1981 the skin bank r spring it performed its lOOth kidney trans formed three times as many as any of the its lOOth donation, making it third plant. When a new, more effective, less others. Furthermore, the mortality rate nation in the number of contri painful rabies vaccine was developed, the was 1.8 percent-far below the 5 percent received. Center was selected as the sole facility in level the task force considered acceptable. In 1980 the burn unit, which the District to administer it. The immuno Nearly 600 of the procedures were time was treating 200 patients - genetics lab, which performed tissue typ coronary bypass operations. Patients opened an 18-bed intermediate c:. ing as well as research under the direction came from as far away as Great Britain, step-down, unit on lE. Just a yea of Lamya Al-Arif, Ph.D., won certification Greece and the Middle East. For bypass the burn step-down unit and th as an independent histocompatibility lab surgery the mortality was 0.8 percent, a rehabilitation service were brough oratory. And the Center's glaucoma sen-ice figure that compared very favorably with centralized, self-contained section introduced laser treatment as an outpa statistics from leading institutions. the recuperating burn victim could tient alternative to surgery for patients In 1979 the burn unit opened a skin occupational and physical therapy. with chronic open-angle glaucoma, a fre bank. The facility, which was equipped as pyschological support. In the re quent but preventable cause of blindness. with funds from the Women's Auxiliary, tion were 13 beds. The middle was the only one of its kind in the metro housed a gym-like area with maL politan area and one of only 11 in the nation. 69 settled into their new quarters and • having breakfast. M edSTAR made the news twice early in 1981. In the first incident, a bus accident in Virginia killed 11 persons and injured 12 others, some critically. Two of the victims were flown to Med STAR by U.S. Park Police helicopters. The second flare of publicity was sparked by the attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan on March 30. At 2:40 p.m. MedSTAR learned that an am bulance carrying a wounded District policeman was headed for the Center. The Code Yellow was still being an nounced when the first press call came; according to the department of public affairs, "The phones did not stop ringing for the next five days." The Code Yellow team turned in their usual swift and competent performance; Officer Thomas Delahanty had a bullet wound at the base of the neck but surgery ref/ (center), president of !he Center's Board of Trustees, and Howard Champio11 , was judged to be unnecessary; his condi of shock-trauma, answer reporter 's questions about the 1•isil of President Reagan's tion was listed as serious. u111as Dcla/wnly, the D. C. policeman shol 1<'hile protecting the pres ident. The shooting brought not only hordes of reporters and cameramen, but also a as well as specialized Center staff, so skilled in responding to string of famous visitors. Hospital em ment. At the front of the the emergencies of others, proved their ployees lined the hallways and crowded at r outpatient burn care. deftness in handling an inhouse crisis windows to get a glimpse of the vice along with the Needy when a fire broke out on a nursing unit in president, the president's wife, and the \'Sletter For rour Good May 1980. It was 6:30 a.m. on a Sunday president's children. · Emergency First Aid when the nurse in charge of 3C saw As Officer Delahanty's condition im di to star in four public smoke seeping out from under a patient's proved, the visits, media coverage and '"'.len ts the Center made door. The man had fallen asleep while excitement began to die down. Then word . The announcements smoking in bed and his bed linens and came from the FBI that the bullet lodged Jring some of the Cen mattress had caught fire. in the policeman's neck was a "Devas before the public eye. The nurse flew to help the patient out tator" bullet, designed to fragment on -1\·e. Requests for more of the burning bed. While one nurse impact. The officer agreed to have it re 100 donor cards and sounded the fire alarm, another began moved. Volunteer health care professionals criptions" were filled. immediately to move other patients out of staffed the operating room. The potentially · the Center's story the unit. She was soon joined by em· dangerous surgery went without hitch, slide show, What To ployees who sped to 3C from all over the and Officer Delahanty was discharged ·dance Arrives, and a hospital, to help transfer the unit's 29 nine days later. ness, In Health: The patients to empty beds on other units. I Center. Both slide Meantime the hospital's fire brigade put - ~e made available to out the blaze. a an offshoot of the In all, 13 employees needed to be treated for smoke inhalation and two for back injuries as well. Many of the patients were frightened, but none of them suf fered any injury. By 9 a.m. they were 70 Ernest Alva Gould Award had been pre "May this tower remind us of the sented each year to the "surgical house whose judgment, ideals, sense of dut: officer who has made the greatest all devotion to the hospital and to the round effort." and injured of the community se ashington Hospital Center In September the Center mourned the example for us all." came to an end of an era in 1981. Through loss of Dr. Louis Gillespie, Jr., a senior Board President Samuel Sterret out the preceding months, the Center had attending physician in internal medicine. dressing the group, declared that lost several of its old friends. On Christ Like Dr. Gould, Dr. Gillespie had been a hospital's current preeminence is mas Day 1980, the 100-year-old Charles trustee, and had served as president of the more to Richard Loughery than tt Dewey died, bringing to an end a lifetime medical staff. other single individual. We all owe'." of public service and nearly four decades In addition, Mr. Loughery announced debt of gratitude for his skilled leade of devotion to the Center. On that same his plans to retire at the end of 1981. and the contributions he has made day the remarkable Blanche Litsinger, On Dec. 16, 1981, dignitaries and health the years to the hospital's growtr who had spent a record 18,000 hours per care leaders from around the country repu ta ti on for excellence." forming volunteer sen·ice for the Center, joined Center employees with more than The Center approached the end o· died at the age of 97. 25 years of service under a yellow-and with a long look to the future in the In July 1981, a memorial service was white-striped tent at the foot of the inten of a 10-year site development plan held for Dr. Ernest Alva Gould. Dr. Gould, sive care tower. They gathered to honor previous plan had been developed 1- a surgeon who had served on the Board of Mr. Loughery, the administrator who had late 1960s and, as the director of plar Trustees for nearly 20 years, as president so masterfully guided the fortunes of the Michael Kirlin, explained, a new plar of the medical staff, and chairman of the Washington Hospital Center for 25 years. essential to make sure that new de department of surgery, just months before The previous night 100 of his friends ment would proceed as efficient_ his death, was named full-time director of and long-time colleagues had feted him at possible. oncology, charged with building up a com a black-tie dinner at the City Tavern Club. A scale model, unveiled to the tru prehensive cancer program. Since 1965, That day they witnessed the formal dedi in the autumn of 1981, showed nine when a group of his friends anonymously cation of the intensive care tower as ects, their variety a graphic illustra established an award to honor him, the "Loughery Tower." The dedication read: the Center's growing complexity. A I I I I I I - 011 Dec. 16. 1981, the 74 -bed intensire care /01!'a is dedicated to Richard /II. Loughery. admi11islralor, a ma11 who has dedicated 26 years to the adm1 of the Center. 71 nter approached the end of 1981 with a long look to the the form of a 10-year site development plan: nine which illustrated by their variety the Center's growing xity. institute would accommodate the increas ing number of patients drawn to the Center by its growing reputation for ex cellence in open heart surgery. A psychiat ric pavilion would provide a private, quiet environment for psychiatric and substance abuse patients. A training and education complex was planned to serve as a con ference and lecture center-and a fitness center-for the staff and employees. B ecause the architect's evaluation showed that a teaching hospital the size of the Washington Hospital Center needed more space per patient bed than it had, the site development plan called for new nursing units, probably to be built in two sections of 150 beds each. The Center's total number of beds would not increase, but all patient rooms and support areas could be made more spacious. Twenty-one new operating rooms would be built on the ground floors of two exist ing hospital wings while the emergency room would be relocated close to the operating rooms and MedSTAR. Finally, there would be a second physician's office building, a parking garage with space for 850 cars, and even a hotel to accommodate visiting consultants and families of out of-town patients. The board received the plan enthusias tically and took the first step toward implementing it when they approved funds to develop the requisite certificate of need application. lize what 25 years haz•c done to alter the Center's appearance. The bare structure us! before it opened in .1/arch 1958. Below it is the site as it looks today u•ith its ~ Ju George Hyman ,1femorial Research Building, the Physicians Office Building, 6D, Jane 's pool, the tennis courts, multitudinousparking lots and landscaping. a/ion and Children s hospitals (jar left and right) complete the picture. XI po of Tomorrow 73 The environment in which Mr. McDaniel brought to his Center." Approximately one hospitals operate has new post 15 years' experience third of the nation's commu changed quite dramati· in a variety of health care set nity hospital beds already cally in the two past tings. Most recently he had belong to multi-hospital sys decades. ... Present eco· served simultaneously, as tems, he pointed out, and the nomic demographics and regulatory policies sug· president of three Baltimore American Hospital Association gest, that in order to sur· area health organizations-a expects the proportion to rise vive today, hospitals must 220-bed acute care hospital, a above two-thirds by 1986. learn to anticipate rather 1,400-bed health care consor· As a preliminary step, in than to react to changes. ti um, and a for-profit health March Mr. McDaniel gained Diana Barrett, Hospltals, resources company that pro· the trustees' approval of an Aprll l, 1982 vided management service to operating plan that set several local health institutions. goals for 1982. The first of The Center, Mr. McDaniel these was to streamline man found, was ideally suited to agement functions and re· launch the District's first organize the staff into cor multi-hospital health care porate and operational services, Center's 25th year delivery system. The concepts a move designed not only to wasT a pivotal one. With a new of reorganizing on a corporate increase efficiency and save president, John Perry k level, and then developing links money, but also to set the stage Daniel, at the helm, the Center with other local health care for the Center's new corporate executed a series of actions facilities, had been under structure. Another of the goals that propelled it, in Mr. consideration by the trustees was to shave operating costs. McDaniel's words, "from the for several years. The Center's Yet another was to install a era of solo, free-standing hos potential had been identified comprehensive computer pitals into the age of multi first by the Medicus study in system to process clinical as institutional health care 1976, and then the report by well as financial data. Finally, delivery systems." Before the Booz-Allen & Hamilton in 1980. the administration wanted to year was out the Washington "Thanks to years of good develop a five-year business Hospital Center had become leadership and the Center's plan that would spell out ways the flagship of the Washington prominence in the community, for the Center to develop al Hospital Center Health we were in a perfect position liances in a regional health System, allied with a spectrum to take on the challenge," Mr. care delivery system, and to of other health care facilities McDaniel said. "The Center's implement the Center's plan as well as businesses oriented subspecialty, teaching and ter· for site development. to supporting health care tiary programs can strengthen components. the services provided by com· munity hospitals and other types of primary and secondary health care facilities. At the same time, such institutions can act as a feeder system to the tertiary programs at the 74 The new regional nonprofit health care system came into being in July when the \'( Center and Capitol Hill Hospital joined b< forces, then fissioned into a holding com of pany: the Washington Hospital Center l~ Health System, and two operating com H pany subsidiaries: the Washington Hos pital Center and Capitol Hill Hospital. Capitol Hill Hospital, established in 1888 as Eastern Dispensary and Casualty Hospital, is a modern 250-bed nonprofit community hospital located on Massachu :' l setts Avenue se\'en blocks northeast of the Capitol. During 1982, with a medical f staff of 400 and 750 employees, it treated 1( more than 30,000 patients. pr The arrangements to join forces capped 51 months of planning. Initial discussions 11• between the two chief executive officers, h Mr. McDaniel and Randall H. Rolfe of JO Capitol Hill, were soon supplemented by Jn meetings of a joint task force. Center N'( representatives included the chairman of lv the board, Judge Samuel B. Sterrett, and Drs. Neville K. Connolly and Robert E. plE I Collins, medical staff president and past ~n president, respectively. Then a third-party ...... I( ea consultant was brought in to coordinate nf and negotiate an agreement. The formal I II 101 vote was taken at a joint meeting of the TIE two boards of trustees in April. :ne Unlike the merger that created the ne Center in 1958, the new health system "'.le would not alter the autonomy of the two collaborating hospitals, or of other insti or tutions that would join with them later. ;ai Each hospital retained its own medical tt staff, board of trustees and operating PE officers. From the outset, however, they er shared purchasing, planning and some financial services and, in July 1983, they expect to merge their assets. Dr. Charles Lei'\', ur director of infectious z. diseases, and Carol lar Ormes, microbiology lab director, discuss the ea de1•elopnze n I of a 11 u unusual mvcobacta or ium 011 a ci1lture taken of Pat Felch 's infection. -hE She 1cas one ofj/ioc pas ot: sengers aboard Air Florida's Flight 90 lo he surz•fre a11 icy plunge Ccx into the Potomac Ril'e1~ Jan. 13, 1982. 75 mg company, in contrast, in ore thorough melding. The health system was made up nd officers of both hospitals Center and six from Capitol .y on Mr. McDaniel had as nter's medical staff that one :iorities was to involve the _·sicians fully in the planning e physicians responded by support to the new arrange hey noted with satisfaction fs of the medical staffs at .. Dr. Connolly of the Center - D'Angelo of Capitol Hill, :i the health system's execu- r. McDaniel reinforced his he inaugurated monthly ngs where medical staff : administrators could meet September the Center an hospital executives would Capitol Hill Hospital, which joiiled the lrashingloil Hospital Ccnlcr lo form a rcgioi1al 111ulti-hospital h of the department chair- s_rslnH iH July 1982. has 250 beds. 'ly, to analyze the depart and to develop plans for with an estimated 80 persons on board copter arrived with one of the five known m.inistrative cooperation. had crashed during a snowstorm into the crash survivors. The Code Yellow team -.e transformations at the icy Potomac River. No one knew how was waiting at the helipad to escort the '. were, as Judge Sterrett many survived. patient in. She was swiftly treated for entous import," they did The disaster alert came at a time when hypothermia and multiple injuries and - the Center's day-to-day members of both day and evening shifts listed in critical condition. -oughout the year the Cen- were in the hospital. Within minutes 39 Other personnel continued to wait for ialized services continued physicians plus enough nurses and allied additional crash victims, but, as the :h distinction. MedSTAR health personnel to staff all seven patient minutes ticked away, it became apparent ped 1,000, the helipad was bays had assembled in MedSTAR. Another no other victims would be found alive. different occasions, close 29 physicians, plus staff, stood by in the Meantime, a rush hour subway train :ims were treated in the emergency and outpatient departments, derailed, leaving three commuters dead care unit, more than two where ambulatory patients could be and dozens injured. The city's fire de received kidney trans treated. partment alerted the Center's emergency - 1.200 patients had open Employees from virtually every depart department to expect an unspecified ment-dietary. communications, admit number of casualties. Around 5:30 p.m. :he year's most dramatic ting, pastoral care, environmental services, six ambulances carrying 16 accident vic - -1:20 p.m. on Jan. 13, 1982 public affairs-rallied to help. Concerned tims sped up to the emergency entrance. ·rst time since the 1968 citizens with four-wheel drive vehicles Patients who were ambulatory were -:::- readied for a disaster. volunteered to bring employees to work directed to the outpatient department. .:-ess system announced, through the snow. At the blood donor ' is not a drill." A plane center, 37 persons, including 11 Center employees, responded that evening to a call for 0-positive blood. Forty-five minutes elapsed after the Code 777 sounded before an Army heli- "T Nu ClE re1 r~ stei rge .JOn In s, t I th the presenlalio11 of diplomas lo th ese 33 se 11iors. !h e l\'ashi11g/011 Hospital Cc11/er School of Sursi11g closes after 93 years of 11ursi11g cducatio11 a Om( ,-;1111 graduates. rd the The more severely injured were treated in as diabetes or high blood pressure. About reunion that drew a nostalgic but liYe Jick ;:he emergency department. By 7:30 p.m. 40 percent of the nearly 3,000 babies born group of 500 graduates of the classe_ they were all treated, and the hospital's each year at the Center were high risk. It '57 to '81, plus 13 from Emergency and ;:em po ebbed back to normal. Afterwards, also established a pain service, under the from Garfield hospitals. Dr. Frank Brown, director of the emer- department of anesthesiology, to evaluate June 6 was graduation day for the la. ency department and chairman of the chronic pain sufferers and provide class. Nan B. Dunn, director of the sch enter's Disaster Plan Committee, said treatment. since 1966, presented the candidates, a: ·he e\·ent revealed some minor correctable Mrs. Pryce, secretary of the Board • a\\'S in the disaster plan. Overall, how Trustees, conferred the degrees. The e·er. he had only praise for the employees' seniors became part of a cadre of 3. - .. mi iati\·e, compassion and cooperation." nurses who had graduated since 1 During 1982 the Center developed sev from the Center's school or its predece_ e:a.l ne\\- patient services. The Continuous Iler two years in the plan· at Garfield Hospital. In the words _.\.""Tib ulatory Peritoneal Dialysis program Aning, an innovative program called Wide Robert G. Cleveland, who served as ch::: :1.as designed to help patients with severe Track made its debut in mid-1982. The man of the board's School of Nur:: - .- dney disease function more indepen five-rung career ladder was meant to help Committee for 10 years, "The histoD -en ly by teaching them to perform self attract and retain experienced nurses by the Washington Hospital Center Sch . a\_:is in their homes or offices. The allowing nurses to advance professionally Nursing is the history of nursing e:-:·er hired a perinatologist, Dr. Jean without necessarily leaving direct patient America." a . o head up a section on maternal/ care. But, as Mr. Cleveland pointed :-·a: :nedicine, for women whose preg Education was a major feature of the "This day's graduation does not mear - - - :. \\-ere complicated by disease such Wide Track program. To move up a step, a closing, but represents a kind of con tin nurse was required to take additional after 93 years." Through the Centt courses. At the top level, a nurse could affiliation with the Catholic Universit. choose from four specialized tracks: edu America, 128 nursing students would cation, management, clinical care and coming to the Center for clinical trair_ research. during the 1982-83 school year. Ian In May the School of Nursing, about to pa iii close its doors after 93 years, held a oral 77 history of the Washington Hospital Center School of g is the history of nursing in America," said Robert G. and." This day's graduation does not mean a closing, but sents a kind of continuity after 93 years." the organization and won the administra The spring of 1982 witnessed the Cen tion's commitment to help support Re ter's now traditional festivities and cele search Foundation projects. brations. The auxiliary's Race for Life in "The Research Foundation has a unique May drew a crowd of 700 to Rosecroft -..enter's medical education contribution to make to the health Raceway and netted $25,000. Over the ""'.tinued to thrive. When the system," Mr. McDaniel said. "It provides years the auxiliary's total contributions to National Intern Matching the private practitioner an opportunity to the Center approached $3 million, accord -~e announced in May 1982 conduct applied research, and we must be ing to Mrs. Collins. At the volunteers' "' d succeeded in filling 27 of willing to take up the slack as government spring luncheon Ilene Cox, director of in medicine, four of four in and foundation funding is cut." volunteers, oversaw a program honoring - gynecology and 16 of 17 in In 1982 the Research Foundation a 400 persons who had donated nearly -ether the Center had over warded over $235,000 to fund 22 research 56,000 hours of service. At the annual :1 training. proposals (all of which had to pass a Medical and Dental Staff banquet in June, ,..,, multi-step scrutiny, beginning at the level Gold-Headed Cane Awards went to Drs. _ Robert E. (Barbara) Col of department chairman and going up Wesley Oler, internal medicine, and Alex and former president of the through the Medical Board, the Board of ander Russell, obstetrics and gynecology; _iary and a member of the Directors of the Research Foundation, and a special award for excellence in teaching ees, took over as president the health system's Board of Trustees). In was given to Dr. James A. Curtin, chair ~ Foundation. Mrs. Collins 1983, 25 projects received in excess of man of the department of medicine. And _her energies to revitalizing $300,000. at the annual 20-Year Club luncheon in June, another 26 employees joined the ranks of those who belonged to the Center family for 20 years or more. By 1982 the Center had 3,600employees in 350 jobs, and a payroll of $50 million, plus benefits. Through the years employee turnover-staggering in the early years steadily declined. From a high of 69 per cent in 1959 it fell to 56 percent in 1962, 51 percent in 1973, and 27 percent in 1977. By 1980 it was 22 percent. September saw one former employee return to take a top post. As the health system prospered, Mr. McDaniel's atten tions were increasingly claimed by cor porate matters. To handle the internal operations of the approximately 900-bed Hospital Center, the board created the position of executive vice president and named Dunlop Ecker to fill it. Brenda Clark (le/I) and Diane Duncan clown around during "Circus Day" held 'oyees. Dietary staff employees plan th ese monotony breakers and also prepare the 'o r them. 78 the members of the system. These wo include planning, marketing, public fairs, legal services, construction, spec projects and financial management. T rough 1982 the new Washington By autumn 1982 bulldozers were cle... Hospital Center Health System continued ing the site for a two-deck, 885-car park to put up new shoots. The five-year plan, garage scheduled to open in Septefl' developed by the executive management 1983. In one swoop this would allevia team and outlined to the board in April, daily shortage at peak hours of called for the development of a vertically parking spaces and it would free sur.' integrated health system equipped to pro parking lots for additional buildir:_ vide care at all levels. In part this would Pending approval from regulatory bod. mean building up the Center's tertiary construction of a tower housing 150 programs, in the process changing the vate patient rooms is expected to := mix of the Center's 900 beds from 300 at under way as soon as the garage the tertiary level and 600 at the secondary complete. level to 450 of each. Additionally, the Opening up the patient care networ_ Dunlop Ecker joined the Cc11ter as !'X('cutil'(' 1·icc Center would aim to develop affiliations a totally new direction, the health sy_ president Sept. 1. 1982 . •1fr. Ecker sen•cd as a11 assistant administrator at the CCJJ/cr from 1966 with community hospitals having a total made plans to acquire the Center lo 1969. of 1,000 beds. Finally, the system would Ambulatory Surgery, Inc. (CASI). Lora encompass 500 aftercare beds. in a prestigious downtown medical o:. From 1966 to 1969 Mr. Ecker served as To facilitate its growth, the health building, CASI is the only such fac an assistant administrator, responsible for system promptly developed two business licensed in the District of Columbia. Ir such areas as clinical affairs, security, oriented subsidiaries. Center Properties, five operating rooms, a staff of more - research and legal affairs. But, his ties to Inc. , was formed to handle real estate 60 physicians-many of whom also r the Center go back much further. His transactions and to become the base for privileges at the Center or Capitol father, Dr. Henry Ecker, served as vice the site development program. It opened Hospital, and a growing practice in chairman of the department of medicine up the way for capital expansion projects, nomical and convenient in-and and a member of the Board of Trustees. such as the "hospotel" (a hotel on hospital surgery. His great-uncle, Dr. Lewis Ecker, was grounds), without having to deplete hos Then, in late October 1982, the h appointed to the staff of internal medicine pital assets. The second company, Capital system announced a development tha SC at Garfield Hospital in the 1920s. Health Resources, was created to provide Mr. McDaniel's opinion, would ha· ar Mr. Ecker left the Center in 1969 to take quality and cost-effective services to all most profound impact on the Cer' il1 a law degree, to complement his work in hospital administration. Subsequently he Jt1 worked as an administrator at the Uni t;: versity of Alabama Hospitals and Clinics. SI In 1963 he became administrator of a e: community hospital in the District, and m its president in 1979. ea The move back to the Center was not e only a "coming home" for Mr. Ecker, but t an opportunity to share the future of what It he called "the shining star of the corpora di; tion . .. with a reputation known beyond e: this region." rv m n Tl u te< bi nil Physical a11d occupatio11al therapists i11 the Ce11tcr's rehabilitatio11 a11d physical medicine depa may be able to folloU' their patie11ts through to complete 1w o1'CJ)' 1t'he11 th e .\"alional Rehabil. Hospital, pe11ding official approml, joins the Washington Hospital Center Health System. 79 lwspital 's site dc1•clop111c11t pla 11 shou•s (1) the a rca ll'hcrc the 11cu• opcrali11f{ room facilities ll'ill be located 011 the gro1111djloor ll'l'c/. (2) the lie 11cu• 1•111erf{e11cy department, 14) the 850-spacc parkinf{ garage, (5) the replacemc11t 1111rsi11f{ u11its. (6) tlze seco11d physicians ojjice ctcd area ll'lzerc the rehabilitatio11 hospital u•1'/l be built. /8) the psychiatric pm•ilio11. a11d (9) the lrai11i11ga11d cducatio11 complex. onal Rehabilitation Hos expect to save $5 million to $10 million in shock-trauma, open heart surgery, peri o be built as a for-profit construction costs and, because of in natal intensive care, transplantation. The e grounds of old Chil- creased efficiencies through shared ser Rehabilitation Hospital brings to the cam 3nnounced its plans to vices, operate at a savings to patients of 10- pus what can be considered a fourth level 1gton Hospital Center 15 percent per day. Its patients would be of patient care. id, pending approval by assured of instant access to the Center's "With these resources, plus strengths anning agency, to build outstanding emergency services, while the such as our medical education program nter's grounds. staff would have access to the resources of and the Research Foundation, we are in ·as a not-for-profit sub the Research Foundation. The Center for a position to offer our patients a breadth rnrd A. Eckenhoff as its part would no longer have to refer and quality of care that cannot be sur ~ckenhoff previously patients needing comprehensive rehabil passed," Mr. McDaniel declared. "During :e, vice president and itation services to Philadelphia or New the next 25 years, as we add the Heart he 170-bed Rehabilita- York, or as far away as Chicago or Denver. Institute and the other projects in the site 1cago. The Hospital Center is almost a text development plan, and as we arrange '.ehabilitation Hospital book example of the vertically integrated additional affiliations, the Washington Jn 's first hospital de- health care system," Mr. McDaniel said. Hospital Center will come to surpass any o comprehensive re "We have an almost perfect balance, with other health care facility on the Eastern Jhysically disabled. By primary care in the clinics, the emergency sea board.'' .Ith system, it could department, the Physicians Office Build ing; secondary care in the hospital, and through affiliated community hospitals and the ambulatory surgery facility; and tertiary care in the specialty units- bum, 81 Washington Hospital Center Honorable William R. Castle/ 1958-1963 Chief Executive Officers S.T Castleman/ 1969-1971 Warwick T Brown, M.D.11958-1959 Frederick L. Church,Jr.11962-1972 Richard M. Loughery I 1959-1981 C. Thomas Clagett,Jr.11970-1972 John P. McDaniel/1982 - Robert G. Cleveland/1975-1983 Robert E. Collins, M.D./1981-1983 Washington Hospital Center Mrs. Robert E. Collins/ 1972-1983 Trustee Presidents Thomas S. Condit/ 1972-1974 Neville K. Connolly, M.D.11978-1982 Charles S. Dewey/ March 1952·February 1959 F. Donald Cooney, M.D.11979-1981 Samuel Spencer/ February 1959-May 1960 Edward E. Cornwell, M.D./1981 -1983 Walter N. Tobriner! May 1960·February 1961 James A. Councilor I 1958-1966 A. Murray Preston/ February 1961-February 1965 Right Reverend William F. Creighton/ Milton A. Barlow/ February 1965-February 1967 1963-1970 'v( Gilbert Hahn, Jr./F ebruary 1967-April 1969 'fia rv Kenneth Crosby I 1969-1972 ·11ie· Thomas H. Reynolds/ April 1969-February 1971 James E. Cross/ 1967-1971 IVJI. Samuel Scrivener, Jr./February 1971-November 1979 James S. Culp/ 1978-1983 Judge Samuel B. Sterrett/ November 1979- Charles D. Daniel/ 1978-1980 Worth B. Daniels, M.D.11958-1978 Washington Hospital Center Edgar W Davis, M.D.11959, 1961 Trustees, 1958·1983 Edward Dent/ 1958-1966 Theodore]. Abernethy, M.D.11958·1962. Honorable Charles S. Dewey/ 1958-1980 1964-1969 J. Spencer Dryden/ 1960 Melvin G. Alper, M.D.11966-1971, Right Reverend Angus Dun/1958-1971 1975-1983 LeRoy Eakin, III/ 1978-1983 Mrs. Albert W Atwood/ 1959 Henry D. Ecker, M.D./1964-1972 Guenter J. Augustin, M.D.11982-1983 Alfred H. Edelson/ 1974-1983 Garnet W. Ault, M.D.11969-1971 Sheldon W Fantle/ 1976-1983 William E. Bageant/ 1972-1974 Mrs. Edward W. Fay/ 1958-1972 Milton A. Barlow/ 1962-1974 Miss Vernice D. Ferguson/ 1982-1983 Richard D. Barrett/1974-1977 George M. Ferris,Jr.11971-1975 William T Bell/ 1960-1968 Kimball C. Firestone/ 1974-1980 Mrs. Karl R. Bendetsen/ 1976 Robert W Fleming/ 1958-1983 F. Norman Berry, M.D./1977-1980 Rockwood H. Foster/ 1983 Randolph G. Bishop/1958-1964 Mrs. Bernard S. Gewirz/ 1975-1976 Herbert C. Blunck/ 1961-1978 Louis Gillespie.Jr., M.D.11970-1981 Justin D. Bowersock/ 1960-1983 William B. Glew, M.D.11973-1974 Philip S. Bowie/ 1967-1975 Willis B. Goldbeck/ 1981-1983 Frederick M. Bradley/ 1958-1980 Milton L. Goldman, M.D.11972-1980 A. Marvin Braverman/ 1967-1974 Herbert Gordon/ 1976-1983 Crenshaw D. Briggs, M.D.11960-1967 Ernest A. Gould, M.D.11962-1981 Warren D. Brill, M.D./1975-1977 Patrick W Gross / 1978-1983 Mrs. E. Fontaine Broun/ 1961-1962, Miss Susan Hacker/ 1966-1971 1976-1977 Randall H. Hagner, Jr.I1958-1975 Travis Brown/ 1958-1972 Honorable Gilbert Hahn,Jr.11963-1968, Judge William B. Bryant/ 1965-1973 1980-1983 The Reverend Lloyd S. Casson/ 1980-1983 82 Florenz R. Ourisman/ 1972-1983 David R. Waters. 1974-1978 Howard P. Parker, M.D. 1959-1961 Harold H. Welty 1965-1967 Thomas A. Parrott 1977-1983 Wesley S. Williams. 1968-1983 Philip H. Philbin. M.D .11970-1973. Robert W Wilson 1959-1963 1975-1983 Paul R. Wilner. M.D .11967 A. Murray Preston/ 1958-1967 Stanton L. Wormley, Ph.D. 1973-1983 Mrs. Roland F. Pryce/ 1971-1983 Be Mrs. Lawrence A. Rapee 1966-1975 Washington Hospital Center Cl. Thomas H. Reynolds/ 1958-1983 Medical Staff Presidents RL Jack]. Rheingold, Yl.D .11969-1983 Ralph M. Caulk, M.D .l]unc 1957-1959 CL Ph Hugo V Rizzoli , M.D .11962-1970 J. Spencer Dryden. M.D./1960 er. Herbert W Robinson, Ph.D. 1967-1970 Edgar W Davis. M.D. 1961 Mrs. Arthur Roe 1970-1971 Theodore J. Abernethy. M.D. 1962-1963 Ric Herbert P Ra111scv ..\f.D .. al Ilic 197..J c111- James C. Rogers. 1962-1966 Ernest A. Gould. M.D. 1964-1965 ::le ploycc picnic al Ilic Co1/cr. A11 obsll'lrician Pe; John W Rollins, Jr. 1978-1983 Charles W Ordman, M.D. 1966-1968 gy11ccologisl at Ga1ficld. Dr. Ramscyfou11dcd !:'a the council H•hich commissio11cd the 1946 Benjamin Rones. M.D./1961-1966 Jack]. Rheingold. M.D./1969-1970 Health a11d Hospital Sun'l'_\' that brought William G. Russell/ 1975-1983 Robert B. Nelson. M.D .11971-1972 attc11/io11 to the decrepit slate of the city s Mrs. William G. Russell/1981 Philip H. Philbin. M.D.11973 ...el a· hospitals. H. L. Rust,Jr. . 1958-1967 Harold H. Hawfield , M.D. 1974 Hilbert S. Sabin, M.D .11965-1967 Melvin G. Alper, M.D./ 1975-1976 Nelson T. Hartson/ 1960· 1976 John S. Samperton/ 1980-1983 Louis Gillespie.Jr., M.D./1977-1979 Io Harold H. Hawfield, M.D.11974 Samuel Scrivener.Jr./ 1966-1983 F. Norman Berry, M.D./ 1980 {11 .'.:a1 Webb C. Hayes, III/ 1961-1968, G. Victor Simpson, M.D./1958-1963 Robert E. Collins. M.D ./ 1981 1970-1974 Maurice A. Sislen, M.D./1974-1976 Neville K. Connolly, M.D./1982 ~rr Leslie E. Hedgepath, M.D .11974-1983 Mrs.John B. Smiley/ 1958-1959 Robert E. Collins, M.D./1983 Ja :la1 Norman H. Horwitz, M.D.11974-1976 Ian J. Spence, M.D ./1982-1983 John H.F. Hoving/ 1971-1972 Honorable Samuel Spencer/ 1958-1964, Washington Hospital Center .ier la Mrs. J. Monro Hunter, Jr./ 1978-1983 1968-1983 Women's Auxlllary Presidents Mrs. George Hyman/ 1966-1971 Judge Samuel B. Sterrett/1967-1983 Mrs. C. Ashmead Fuller/ 1958-1960 iO~ yl Charles N. Jackson, II/ 1975-1983 Richard P. Stifel/ 1974-1981 Mrs. H. King Vann/ 1960-1961 W Dabney Jarman, M.D .11958-1963, Henry Strong/ 1972 Mrs. Millard E. Tydings/ 1961-1962 st 1968-1973 John E. Sumter, Jr./1967-1973 (now Mrs. Lowell R. Ditzen) t Spencer C. Johnson/ 1976 Richard N. Taliaferro/ 1965-1966 Mrs. E. Fontaine Broun/1962-1964 ' t Godfrey W Kauffmann/ 1977-1979 Mrs.]. Laning Tay\or/ 1968-1969 Miss Susan Hacker/ 1964-1965 John H. Kauffmann/ 1973-1974 Major General Robert Taylor, III / 1977-1983 Mrs. Lawrence A. Rapee/1965-1968 la Rudolph Kauffmann. Il/1980-1983 John W Thompson,Jr.11964-1972 Mrs.]. Laning Taylor/ 1968-1970 .ar lir Samuel H. Kauffmann/ 1958-1970 Honorable Walter N. Tobriner/ 1958-1960, Mrs. Arthur Roe/ 1970-1972 lir Mary Kass, M.D ./1983 1968-1979 Mrs. Robert E. Collins/ 1972-1976 lli1 Milton King/ 1958-1976 Honorable Millard E. Tydings/ 1958-1960 Mrs. E. Fontaine Broun/ 1976-1977 Martin D. Krall / 1982-1983 Mrs. Millard E. Tydings/ 1960 Mrs.]. Monro Hunter/ 1977-1980 11 ·e Harold W Krogh , D. D. S .11958-1965 John D. Valiante/ 1981-1983 Mrs. William G. Russell/ 1980-1982 lar Mrs. George E. Lamphere/ 1982-1983 Right Reverend John T. Walker/ 1971-1974 Mrs. George E. Lamphere/1982- Roy Littlejohn/ 1977-1981 IE John J. Lynch, M.D./ 1975-1978 it John H. Lyons, M.D./1959-1961 ;,i]( J. Robert MacNaughton/ 1979 de Martin F. Malarkey.Jr. 1973-1983 Honorable E. Perkins McGuire ar 1972-1982 .m Mark]. Meagher/ 1977-1981 !lb: John Minor, M.D ./1959 re David Morowitz, M.D.11983 ve H. Gabriel Murphy 1958-1970 b~ Robert B. Nelson, M.D.11971-1972 r: Howard N. Newman/1983 ·it] Julius S. Neviaser. M.D .11968 CE John A. Nevius/ 1976-1983 Robert Nothwanger, M.D .11983 Joel~. ,'.\;ovick, M.D .11959-1961 Wesley M. Oler, M.D.11973-1981 Courtney Barry welcomes Dr. Ralph Caulk on his last day at the Center in 1976. For 11 years, Dr. Thomas A. O'Neil/ 1976-1983 Caulk was chairman of the department of radiology. For more than 35 years he served the Center and Charles W Ordman, M.D.11966-1980 all three of its predecessor hospitals. 83 iHospital Nan Dunn (25) Alice Logan (26) Eugene Dunston (21) D'Club Shirley Eades (24) Haverne Logan (21) Betty Easley (25) Madeline Logan (20) John Edmonds (20) Richard Loughery (29) Elizabeth Lucas (28) ; (25) Ruth Edwards (24) Odessa Lynch (26) '4) Josephine Eley (31) Shirley McClain (25) (24) Ruth Elkins (33) Geraldine McDonald (22) (27) Dorothy Elliott (28) Maggie McNair (20) .. (21) Evelyn Ellis (24) Dorothy McRae (25) e (25) Patricia Erno (32) William Mackey (25) ?4) M. Fauntleroy (24) Dorothy Marshall (24) 20) Nora Fitzpatrick (24) Jessie Fox (21) Juanita Martin (25) Willie Martin (21) ?7) Willie Frierson (27) Helen Conner. ll'ho retired Elois Mason (21) from Ilic Cl'llier after 33 '7) Bettye Garner (21) Ethel Matheny (20) rears in 19R2, accepts her 4) Mary Garvin (28) Beatrice Matthews (.'31) :Zs.year pin al an atl'Ords 1) Wilmer Good (21) luncheon. Alma Goo:!man (20) Mildred Mitchell (26) Fred Gray (22) Arthur Moore (23) is (23) Annie Smith (25) Velma Gray (30) Shirley Morris (30) ?J Vivian Morris (26) Margaret Smith (24) . (30) Johnell Grayson (22) Lillian Morse (24) Nellie Smith (23) 1 (29) 22) Hattie Green Olive Smith (25) Fannie Guess (31) Ruth Mullan (30) Sallie Smith (22) Evelyn Hall (20) Lois Nelson (30) Carol Ormes (22) Sylvia Smith (24) 'J Lue Hammonds (28) Willa Spruill (20) Pearline Hare (23) Ruth Overholt (24) Dorothy Starks (20) Ella Harris (24) Elonzie Pace (21) Nena Parker (21) Curtis Stephens (22) Easter Harris (22) Bertie Payne (21) Seretha Stewart (30) ) William Harris (23) D. Strickland (28) Ida Hart (28) Lula Peterson (23) Helen Phelps (22) Marion Sullivan (21) Anna Healy (37) Catherine Phillips (22) Marie Tana (32) Mary Henderson (20) Willa Plair (26) Juanita Taylor (32) Gladys Hensley /23) ?I) Doris Qualls (26) Inez Thomas (22) Raymond Hill (24) Teresa Quarles (29) Dorothy Thornton (28) Roberta Hook (36) Audrey Quick (27) Jonilde Tilley (28) ?0) Lorrine Horner (22) Catherine Toggas (33) Bessie Hughes (28) Loretta Ragland (23) Alma Rawlinson (21) Theodore Tolar (32) William Insley (24) Margie Travers (24) Alice Ivory (26) Frances Reams (32) ~) Robert Reid (23) Delores Tyler (24) Helen Jackson (20) Virginia Venable (20) NaomiJackson (22) David Resnick (23) Mary Richardson (21) Kathleen Villemi (22) R. Jackson (23) Mary Ann Wall (20) Lena Jacobs (22) Rosa Robinson (27) Lue Rodgers (23) Charles Walter (20) SylviaJefferson (26) Katherine Warren (31) Rosa Johns (21) Rosemary Ronayne (30) Bernice Sampson (23) Queen West (22) Hazel Johnson (26) Granville White (56) John Johnson (22) Ernest Scena (24) Ida Scott (22) Jeanie Wilburn (20) Lillie Johnson (20) Elzean Scruggs (35) Esther Williams (26) Mary Johnson (26) Lois Sherrill (23) Freddie Williams (20) Beth Jones (25) Delores Short (23) Lillian Williams (20) MinerviaJones (21) Mamie Shuler (22) Macon Williams (22) George Keenan (23) Florence Wilson (26) Byron Landers (24) Edward Simpson (26) Thomasena Wilson (21) Daisy Lee (28) Pearlie Slater (22) Bessie Sligh (20) Marie Winston (32) Beatrice Lewis (30) Charles Wright (23) Barbara Litman (26) Ruth Wright (20) Vada Lockett (24) Jeanette Young (24) 84 Washington Hospital Center 1963 W LeRoy Dunn, M.D. 1975 William E. Bageant, M.D. Gold-Headed Cane Award Aubrey D. Fischer, M.D. Irvin Hantman, M.D. Recipients 1964 Walter K. Myers, '.\1.D. Richard M. Loughery 1951 Harry H. Kerr, M.D. Herbert P. Ramsey, M.D. 1976 Charles W Ordman, M.D. Benjamin Rones, M.D. Philip H. Philbin, M.D. 1955 A. B. Bennett, M.D. J.B. Bogan, M.D. 1965 G. Victor Simpson, M.D. 1977 Hugo Rizzoli, M.D. Lewis C. Ecker, M.D. 1966 Theodore]. Abernethy, M.D. 1978 Henry D. Ecker, M.D. Janvier W Lindsay, M.D. Ralph M. Caulk, M.D. Milton Goldman, M.D. H. C. Macatee, M.D. 1967 Crenshaw D. Briggs, M.D. Robert B. Nelson, M.D. 1956 William H. Hough, M.D. 1979 Vernon E. Martens, M.D. John A. Talbot, M.D. 1968 Garnet W Ault, M.D. Henry L. Darner, M.D. 1980 Henry W Edmonds, M.D. 1958 Thomas Bradley, M.D. Thomas W Mattingly, M.D. Lawrence Putnam. M.D. James F. Mitchell, M.D. 1981 William Cabell Moore, M.D. 1969 Samuel M. Dodek, M.D. Russel Page, M.D. Herbert H. Schoenfeld, M.D. 1970 J. Keith Cromer, M.D. 1982 Wesley Oler. M.D. Walter A. Wells, M.D. 1971 Julius Neviaser, M.D. Alexander Russell, M.D. 1959 John W Burke, M.D. Theodore Winship, M.D. Washington Hospital Center John H. Lyons, M.D. 1972 John Reisinger, M.D. Research Foundation Presidents Daniel B. Moffett, M.D. E. Clarence Rice. M.D. 1973 Ernest A. Gould, M.D. Frederick M. Bradley/ December 1963- Charles S. Dewey Robert H. Groh, M.D. July 1965 Gilbert Hahn,Jr.!Novernber 1965- 1960 Horatio N. Dorman, M.D. 1974 Harold R. Downey, M.D. W Dabney Jarman, M.D. January 1967 William H. Jenkins, M.D. A. Marvin Braverman/January 1967- R. Bretney Miller. M.D. 1961 John Minor, M.D. July 1974 Maurice A. Selinger, M.D. Kimball C. Firestone/ August 1974- December 1981 1962 Edgar W Davis, M.D. Mrs. Robert E. Collins/ January 1982- Worth B. Daniels, M.D. Henry Edmonds . .1!.D., proudly dis plays his Gold-Headed Cane A1card. presented for excellence i11 medical practice and leaching. •• THE WASH INGTON• HOSPITAL CENTER llO Irving Street, Northwest Washington, D.C. 20010 202-541-0500