Balochistan Weekly Monitors Center for Research and Security Studies - CRSS House # 36-B, Street # 30, Sector F-8/1, Islamabad. Tel: 051 8314801-03, Fax: 051 8314804. http://www.crss.pk Balochistan Weekly Monitors Balochistan Weekly Monitors (July-December 2011) Executive Summary Balochistan, geographically the largest province, is a vital natural resources hub and home to crucial deep sea port (Gwadar). In addition to this, the province is chronically beleaguered by the socio-political and security challenges and poses serious threats to the territorial integrity and solidarity of Pakistan. Since, its accession to Pakistan, the hapless province has been bleeding due to one reason or the other. The Center launched five military operations in the province to silent the dissenting voices, resulting out of decades' long social, political and economic injustices. The issue of missing persons has been in the media for years, but in 2011 this issue took a blatantly unfortunate turn, when the mutilated bodies of once missing persons were found dumped in remote areas across the province. According to HRCP estimates 231 bodies of missing persons were recovered across the province during the current year. The case of abductions for ransom and political motives was also the significant feature of the year. According to provincial police department figures 480 people were kidnapped for different reasons across the province. Also, the killing of large number of security forces personnel in blasts, target killings and landmine explosions marked the year. The announcement and half hearted implementation of socio economic package "Aghaz-i-Haqooq-i-Balochistan", a part of government's "speak softly and carry a big stick" policy, along with the formulation of a number of commissions, claims and promises made no difference, as the horrific episodes of violence and terror have become even more frequent. The second half of the year (July-December) saw a sky rocketing increase in killings and abductions in Balochistan. According to data compiled in the monitors, 145 people lost their lives due to atrocious terrorist acts, 29 went missing during this period, 46 people fell prey to sectarian attacks, while 15 FC men were killed in clashes with militants. Furthermore in acts of sabotage and subversion, 75 NATO oil tankers and containers were set ablaze and four went missing. The disillusionment among Baloch youth and nationalist politicians 65 CRSS - 2011 Balochistan Weekly Monitors regarding the motives and policies of the federation to address Balochis long held grievances is all time high. Veteran Baloch Sardar and former chief minister Balochistan, Sardar Attaullah Mengal strenuously underlined that Balochistan has reached "near the point of no return". Although FC which is solely at the helm of affairs in Balochistan, especially when it comes to deal with security issues, is put under provincial control, yet it is taking arbitrary decisions to deal with security issues in the province. Consequently, it (FC) has created 'security blanket' in the province. Against the backdrop of overlapping and whipping insecurity factors, which include: sectarian and separatist militants, thugs, religious terrorists; security forces in Balochistan suffer 'capacity gap' to deal with the said security challenges. Political representatives of Balochistan rarely take pain to attend the provincial assembly sessions to highlight and debate the issues faced by the people who are being represented by them. According to a news report by The Express Tribune of December 27, 2011, only two members were present out of 65 members in the provincial assembly's session which was scheduled on December 26, 2011. This aspect depicts the level of discontentment among the lawmakers in the hapless province. Moreover, even there are reports in the media that few ministers of the provincial assembly are fuelling criminal activities in the province by backing the thugs and abductors. Also, they are getting share out of abductions for ransom. On economic front it is observed that the province is overly dependent on financial backing from the federal government. And the provincial government in Balochistan is carrying out this policy despite the fact of passage of 18th Amendment. According to this amendment the constitutional restrictions do not allow for the funding of provincial projects out of the federal public sector development programme. On social front the province is battered by the low literacy rate and higher poverty and unemployment rates during the second half of the year. Hence, the province did not show any prospects of improvement in its social indicators. CRSS - 2011 66 Balochistan Weekly Monitors Background As part of its project (advocacy campaign) to study and raise awareness among the masses about the issues of conflict and peace in Pakistan and especially in Balochistan, the Center launched 'Balochistan Weekly Monitor' in July 2011. The initiative was meant to monitor unfolding security, political, economic and social developments in the volatile province. From July 25 to December 31, the Center produced 23 weekly monitors encompassing all major developments in the province. In the monitoring period, the Center has deduced by thoroughly analyzing the data that factors of insecurity in Balochistan are rapidly overlapping and manifesting their sheer relentlessness in and around Quetta city. Balochistan covers nearly 44 percent (347,190 km²) of Pakistan's total landmass (803,940 km²). The province is predominantly rural with few semi- urban centers with, Quetta, the provincial capital; loosely qualify as a major urban center. Some 20 percent of Balochistan's population lives in semi- urban centers, while rest of the area is sparsely populated with nomadic and settled Baloch and Pashtun tribes. Almost 95 percent of the area in the province is guarded by a semi-government force called Levies, while rest of the area is policed by the regular provincial police force and Balochistan Constabulary (reserve police). The province is home to mega natural resources projects in Pakistan, but their exploitation is still a challenge for the state and province alike due to law and order situation and other differences over agreements. Against this background of acute challenges and unique opportunities, the overall situation in Balochistan is taking a turn for the worse and this trend is not being curtailed despite the fact of some serious policy level efforts by the Central government. Though there are issues of rampant corruption, nepotism, youth unemployment, illiteracy, poor infrastructure and lack of health facilities across Pakistan, but Balochistan is battered by the said development challenges. The law and order situation is adversely contributing towards dimming the prospects of the province to beat the prevalent atmosphere of fear and fright in the province. During the monitoring period, two newly emerged trends overshadowed all the other causes of violence and instability in the province. Sectarian 67 CRSS - 2011 Balochistan Weekly Monitors violence and 'kill and dump' operation in the province: the horrific images of mutilated bodies of the missing persons and the spate of sectarian violence targeting Shia sect people belonging to Hazara community marked the second half of the year. These two factors have undermined all the claims of guarded peace and calm in the province. In its report in November 2011, Crisis Management Cell (CMC) of the federal interior ministry has conceded that despite government security measures and cosmetic political and economic initiatives in the province, the level of violence in the province has surged. However, according to a new report in Pakistan Today of December 27, the Inspector General of Police in Quetta claimed that by adopting effective security measures, the level of targeted killing incidents of the Hazara people have declined. But these claims are open to question and verification against the backdrop of the happenings on ground in Balochistan. CRSS - 2011 68 Balochistan Weekly Monitors 1. Weekly Monitor (July 25 - 31, 2011) The week in focus witnessed a greater number of violent incidents and surge in target killings compared to the previous ones. A major sectarian clash erupted when a Sunni cleric of Jamia Albadar Mosque, Abdul Karim Mengal, was shot dead on 28th of July by unknown gunmen in Pishin District of Balochistan. Subsequently, banned militant outfit, Lashkar-e-Jhangwi (LeJ) gunned down at least seven people on following day, and 11 more were killed (all from Hazara Community) on 30th of July in Quetta. An incident of political assassination on July 28 saw the nephew of Chief Minister Balochistan, Akmal Raisani, killed in a hand-grenade attack while attending a football match in Mastung district. Moreover, a tribal leader Abdul Razzaq, his brother Dur Mohammad along with three body guards were shot dead on July 31 in Turbat (in southern Balochistan). In its report, the US based group, Human Rights Watch (HRW) blamed the law enforcement agencies in Balochistan for their role in orchestrating target killings and abductions in the province. In sum, a total of 30 people were killed this week. In addition, two bodies of missing persons were found in Liari area of Uthal city of Lasbela district. And in acts of sabotage and subversion 16 inch diameter gas pipeline was blown up near Goth Noor Khan in Dera Allah Yar, one NATO oil tanker was attacked on its way from Karachi to Kandahar on the National Highway near the Takri post area of Mach, and a passenger train, Bolan Mail came under attack near Marri Farm Tentaged village, in Dera Allah Yar town of Jaffarabad district. The situation requires that the government take the complaints and grievances of Balochis seriously because Pakistan is already entangled in FATA and the intensified and protracted conflict in Balochistan will prove extremely detrimental to the overall security of province and the federation. The explosive circumstances in Balochistan underline the urgency for a negotiated settlement of issues that Balochi nationalists are using to perpetuate their violence campaign.