The Political Function
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Introduction
INTRODUCTION Background The present study concerns materials used for Pompeian wall paintings.1 In focus are plasters of the early period, related to the Samnite period and the so called First style. My earlier experiences the field of ancient materials were studies of Roman plasters at the Villa of Livia at Prima Porta and fragments of wall decorations from the demolished buildings underneath the church San Lorenzo in Lucina in Rome. These studies led to the hypothesis that technology reflects not only the natural (geographical) resources available but also the ambitions within a society, a moment in time, and the economic potential of the commissioner.2 Later, during two years within the Swedish archaeological project at Pompeii, it was my task to study the plasters used in one of the houses of insula V 1, an experience that led to the perception that specific characteristics are linked to plasters used over time. In the period 2003-2005, funding by the Swedish Research Council made possible to test the hypotheses. The present method was developed at insula I 9 and the Forum of Pompeii with the approval of the Soprintendenza archeological di Pompei and in collaboration with the directors of two international archaeological teams.3 It became evident that plaster’s composition changes over time, and eight groups of chronologically pertinent plasters were identified and defined A-H. Based on these results, I assume there is a connection between the typology and the relative chronology in which the plasters appear on the walls. I also believe these factors are related not only in single buildings or quarters but over the site and that, hypothetically, the variations observed are related to technology, craftsmanship and fashion. -
Alexander Conze, on the Origin of the Visual Arts, Lecture Held on July 30, 1896 [In the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences] Translated and Edited by Karl Johns
Alexander Conze, On the Origin of the Visual Arts, Lecture held on July 30, 1896 [in the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences] translated and edited by Karl Johns Editor’s introduction: Alexander Conze: The Bureaucrat and Art- Historiography Like a number of his colleagues, Alexander Conze (Hanover December 10, 1831- Berlin July 19, 1914), came to classical archaeology after first studying law. His interests and gifts seem to have tended more toward curatorial and administrative work rather than lecturing, and he will be primarily remembered for his part in bringing the Pergamon Altar to the Berlin museums. It may therefore seem ironic that he nevertheless had a great influence as a teacher and probably the greatest influence in another field, which was only later to be defined and brought to fruition in academia by his students as ‘the history of art.’ For the purposes of art historiography it is therefore significant that after nearly ten years at Halle as Extraordinarius, he was called to the University of Vienna as Ordinarius, taught from 1869 to 1877, where Franz Wickhoff, Alois Riegl, Emanuel Löwy and Julius Schlosser, among others, were influenced by his teachings. In the lectures given by Conze to the Prussian academy later in his career, it is not difficult to recognize a similarity to Schlosser in the binocular attraction of more abstract questions on the one hand and the aesthetic appeal of the individual object on the other. Conze also anticipated and presumably inspired the later studies made by Ernst Garger on the ground in relief sculpture and the historical place of the Monument of the Julii. -
D003: Wall Painting Techniques 1 Introduction Pompeii And
D003: Wall painting techniques Introduction Pompeii and Herculaneum have been described as towns frozen in time. Houses and villas with their furniture, food, people, jewellery and pets have been preserved. Organic materials were better preserved at Herculaneum as carbonised materials (see the wine shop figure 1) because of the pyroclastic surges. Figure 1: Wine shop at Herculaneum showing gallery and amphorae Our knowledge has been enhanced by more systematic and scientific excavations in recent years. One thing that strikes all visitors to Pompeii and Herculaneum is the amount of colour on the walls of the buildings. It is perhaps the most obvious feature of Roman art. Roman fresco techniques Many of the wall paintings or frescos adorned walls not just inside rich villas, but also inside private houses and public buildings. Depending on the function of the room, walls might be painted with imaginary architecture, still life, mythological scenes, or purely decorative motifs. Many of these motifs were derived from pattern books carried by the artists. So despite the lack of physical evidence of other forms, it is reasonable to assume that many other art objects would have shown subjects similar to those found on the painted walls. Why is the wall art or fresco painting so important? 1 D003: Wall painting techniques Can fresco painting tell us anything about the development of art in the Ancient Roman Period? How did they paint in fresco? It is clear the ancient Romans decorated the interior walls of their houses with paintings executed on wet plaster, a technique known as fresco (meaning on fresh plaster). -
Women in Pompeii Author(S): Elizabeth Lyding Will Source: Archaeology, Vol
Wfomen in Pompeii by Elizabeth Lyding Will year 1979 marks the 1900th anniversary of the fatefulburial of Pompeii, Her- The culaneum and the other sitesengulfed by the explosion of Mount Vesuvius in a.d. 79. It was the most devastatingdisaster in the Mediterranean area since the volcano on Thera erupted one and a half millenniaearlier. The suddenness of the A well-bornPompeian woman drawn from the original wall in theHouse Ariadne PierreGusman volcanic almost froze the bus- painting of by onslaught instantly ( 1862-1941), a Frenchartist and arthistorian. Many tling Roman cityof Pompeii, creating a veritable Pompeianwomen were successful in business, including time capsule. For centuriesarchaeologists have thosefrom wealthy families and freedwomen. exploited the Vesuvius disaster,revealing detailed evidence about the last hours of the town and its doomed inhabitants.Excavation has also uncov- ered factsabout the lives of Pompieans in happier evidence about the female membersof society.It times,when the rich soil on the slopes of Mount is an importantsource of information,in fact, Vesuvius yielded abundant harvestsof grapes, about the women of antiquityin general. Yet ar- olives, fruitsand vegetables. In those days, a vol- chaeology is a source that has gone largelyuntap- canic holocaust had seemed an impossibility.After ped. Studies of the women of ancient timeshave all, Pompeii had flourishedsafely for six hundred tended to draw theirevidence fromliterature, years,basking in the sun of southern Italy. Within even though the remarksabout women in ancient three days, however,the entire citywas buried by literatureare few in number and often lack objec- volcanic ash. Eventuallyeven its verylocation was tivity.Since Pompeii provides more archaeological forgotten.As layersof rich soil accumulated over evidence about women than most other ancient the site,what had been a thrivingcity became fer- sites except Rome itself,the failureto come to tile countryside. -
Literaturliste.Pdf
A# Mark B. Abbe, A Roman Replica of the ‘South Slope Head’. Polychromy and Identification, Source. Notes in Abbe 2011 History of Art 30, 2011, S. 18–24. Abeken 1838 Wilhelm Abeken, Morgenblatt für gebildete Stände / Kunstblatt 19, 1838. Abgusssammlung Bonn 1981 Verzeichnis der Abguss-Sammlung des Akademischen Kunstmuseums der Universität Bonn (Berlin 1981). Abgusssammlung Göttingen Klaus Fittschen, Verzeichnis der Gipsabgüsse des Archäologischen Instituts der Georg-August-Universität 1990 Göttingen (Göttingen 1990). Abgusssammlung Zürich Christian Zindel (Hrsg.), Verzeichnis der Abgüsse und Nachbildungen in der Archäologischen Sammlung der 1998 Universität Zürich (Zürich 1998). ABr Paul Arndt – Friedrich Bruckmann (Hrsg.), Griechische und römische Porträts (München 1891–1942). Michael Abramić, Antike Kopien griechischer Skulpturen in Dalmatien, in: Beiträge zur älteren europäischen Abramić 1952 Geschichte. FS für Rudolf Egger I (Klagenfurt 1952) S. 303–326. Inventarium Von dem Königlichen Schloße zu Sanssouci, und den neuen Cammern, so wie solches dem Acta Inventur Schloss Castellan Herr Hackel übergeben worden. Aufgenommen den 20 Merz 1782, fol. 59r-66r: Nachtrag Mai Sanssouci 1782−1796 1796, in: Acta Die Inventur Angelegenheiten von Sanssouci betreffend. Sanssouci Inventar 1782-1825, vol. I. (SPSG, Hist. Akten, Nr. 5). Acta betreffend das Kunst- und Raritaeten-Cabinet unter Aufsicht des Herrn Henry 1798, 1799, 1800, 1801. Acta Kunst-und Königliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Abschnitt I. von 1700–1811, Abth. XV., No. 3 die Königs Cabinette Raritätenkabinett 1798–1801 a[?] des Kunst-Medaillen u. Nat. Cab. Acta Commissionii Reclamationen über gestohlene Kunstsachen. 1814, vol. 1, fol. 4r–33v: Bericht Rabes über gestohlene Kunstsachen an Staatskanzler von Hardenberg, 12. Februar 1814, fol. 81r–82r: Brief Acta Kunstsachen 1814 Henrys an Wilhelm von Humboldt, 26. -
A Private Spectacle in Antioch: Investigation of an Initiation Scene
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation / Thesis: A PRIVATE SPECTACLE IN ANTIOCH: INVESTIGATION OF AN INITIATION SCENE Ozge Gencay, Master of Arts, 2004 Dissertation / Thesis Directed By: Professor Marjorie S. Venit Department of Art History and Archaeology The House of the Mysteries of Isis, contains a controversial mosaic pavement identified as Mors Voluntaria. It shows a female and a male figure with Hermes on their right, standing in front of a door. The subject has been identified as an initiation scene into the cult of a motherly goddess ± either Isis or Demeter--, but the lack of scenes depicting mysteries and the singularity of the iconography have also led to the suggestion of a theatrical representation. This paper aims to explain the choice of iconography from the standpoint of the ancient viewer. After a brief historical survey, each object and each figure and its gesture are investigated separately and compared with elements in contemporary works of art. These comparisons suggest a scene of the initiation into the cult of a deity with an hidden identity, which provides a secret spectacle for the pavement' s patron. A PRIVATE SPECTACLE IN ANTIOCH: INVESTIGATION OF AN INITIATION SCENE By Ozge Gencay Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts 2004 Advisory Committee: Professor Marjorie S. Venit, Chair Professor Marie Spiro Professor Eva Marie Stehle Acknowledgements I would like to thank to Prof. Marjorie Venit for her infinite patience and help in the preparation of this work. -
Archaeology Worldwide – Volume Four – Berlin, December 2016 – DAI Here’S How to Help
2016 • If we want to preserve 2 ARCHAEOLOGY our cultural heritage, WORLDWIDE 2 • 2016 we need your support. Magazine of the German Archaeological Institute AEOLOGY WORLDWIDE ch AR T WG Archaeology Worldwide – volume four – Berlin, December 2016 – DAI Here’s how to help: WWW.TWGES.DE Gesellschaft der Freunde des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts TheodorW iegand Gesellschaft e. V. Wissenschaftszentrum Bonn Ahrstraße 45, 53175 Bonn Photo: Gerlach Nadja Kajan Tel.: +49 228 30 20 It began all of 8,000 years ago. Contacts over a long period between Southern Arabia and the Fax: +49 228 30 22 70 Horn of Africa can be established archaeologically. Just how extensive Southern Arabian influ- [email protected] ence on Ethiopia was is being investigated by the German Archaeological Institute in a project at Yeha funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Impressive evidence of these trans- TheodorW iegand Gesellschaft regional contacts is provided by the Great Temple of Yeha. This remarkable monument is being Deutsche Bank AG, Essen restored with the help of local workers as part of a joint Ethiopian-German project under way IBAN DE20 3607 0050 0247 1944 00 since 2009. To stabilize the building, steel scaffolding began to be erected in autumn 2016, re- TITLE STORY BIC DEUTDEDEXXX placing a temporary scaffold structure. or Bonner Sparkasse, Bonn IBAN DE88 3705 0198 0029 0058 08 IENT WORLD C Surveying BIC COLSDE33XXX E AN H Your donations are the Ancient World tax-deductible. The natural sciences in archaeology Thank you! SURVEYING T EVERYDAY AR ch AEOLOGY CULTURAL HERITAGE FO C US Close-up Palace of Lasting Happiness Mergers and acquisitions www.dainst.org Everyday life in an ancient Sino-German cooperation The institutionalization of the Egyptian town natural sciences at the DAI THE NEPHRITE SCEPTRE FROM XOM REN in northern Vietnam measures 64 cm and is the biggest ornamental stone artefact from south-east Asia. -
Alexander Conze, 'Greek Relief Sculpture'
Alexander Conze, ‘Greek Relief Sculpture’ translated and edited by Karl Johns Editor’s introduction: Alexander Conze: The Bureaucrat and Art- Historiography Like a number of his colleagues, Alexander Conze (Hanover December 10, 1831- Berlin July 19, 1914), came to classical archaeology after first studying law. His interests and gifts seem to have tended more toward curatorial and administrative work rather than lecturing, and he will be primarily remembered for his part in bringing the Pergamon Altar to the Berlin museums. It may therefore seem ironic that he nevertheless had a great influence as a teacher and probably the greatest influence in another field, which was only later to be defined and brought to fruition in academia by his students as ‘the history of art.’ For the purposes of art historiography it is therefore significant that after nearly ten years at Halle as Extraordinarius, he was called to the University of Vienna as Ordinarius, taught from 1869 to 1877, where Franz Wickhoff, Alois Riegl, Emanuel Löwy and Julius Schlosser, among others, were influenced by his teachings. In the lectures given by Conze to the Prussian academy later in his career, it is not difficult to recognize a similarity to Schlosser in the binocular attraction of more abstract questions on the one hand and the aesthetic appeal of the individual object on the other. Conze also anticipated and presumably inspired the later studies made by Ernst Garger on the ground in relief sculpture and the historical place of the Monument of the Julii. Conze’s theoretical bent towards the origins and early developments of art must have been a primary feature of his lectures in Vienna. -
The Last Day Of
Part of Light Night Leeds City Museum Friday 4th October 2013 Bringing the ancient world to life through the Victorian carnival FOR ONE NIGHT ONLY. Roll up! Roll up! And see the Ancient Worlds Gallery in a whole new light! More information http://carnivalofancientwonders.wordpress.com/ Roll up! Roll up! For one night only… Experience the “Last Day of Pompeii” through a series of artefacts from recent excavations presented in tableaux illuminating the sights and activities of everyday Roman life, as presented by Mr Walter Washburn, archaeologist with the German excavating team (1892-1893). 4th October 1893 The Journal and Notes of Mr Walter Washburn, kept during his visit to Italy, 1892-1893, during which time he visited Pompeii and participated in an excavation there. Vesuvius from Portici, c. 1774–1776, original in oil on canvas (40” x 51”) by the British artist Joseph Wright (1734–1797). Credit: The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, Frances Crandall Dyke Bequest. Monday 3rd October 1892 Dearest Polly, I can still hardly believe how lucky I am. It is only a week since my kind hosts in Naples introduced me to August Mau – yes, the very man who just ten years ago categorised the styles of Pompeian painting – and already he has invited me to visit his newest excavation! I am so glad that mother insisted we learn German as well as French, otherwise I could never have gained his approval by discussing details he published in the German Archaeological Institute’s Roman Mittheilungen. But I don’t need to tell you that! I do need to tell you that he has the most impressive white moustache, very distinguished – I’m half considering growing one myself.. -
Newsletter En-38
Spring 2017No. 17 FRIENDSFRIENDS No. 38 of the Non-Catholic Cemetery in Rome N E W S L E T T E R A new Angel of Grief in Mississippi supported the canopy over the sculpture. The angel was then restored but not the canopy. Over the years it has suffered further damage which has been repaired. The latest incident was in August 2015 when its left forearm was broken off and removed. It is still missing. Geselschap’s astonishing memorial: a descendant contacts us One of the most extraordinary memorials in the Cemetery is the bronze ledger dedicated to the memory of the German painter Frie- drich Geselschap (1835-1898; Zone 1.13.20). A few years ago Samantha Matthews, author of a fascinating book about poets’ graves, was visiting the Cemetery and left a note in the Visitors’ Book calling the tomb ‘one of the most elaborated allegories of life…I have ever seen’. In her article written for Newsletter 25 she explained the iconography of the tomb in the context of Geselschap’s sudden death in Rome. The Williams monument at Vancleave, MS William Wetmore Story’s monument to his wife Emelyn is the most popular sculpture in the Cemetery. Since 1895, when Story completed it (see Newsletters 17 and 19), many copies of the ‘Angel of Grief’ have appeared in other cemeteries, most of them in the United States (see Wikipedia for a list). A few were carved, as Story’s was, of Carrara marble in Italy; others, such as the Remillard monument in Canada (see Newsletter 17) were local productions in other materials. -
JAANIKA ANDERSON Reception of Ancient
DISSERTATIONES JAANIKA ANDERSON JAANIKA STUDIORUM GRAECORUM ET LATINORUM UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 7 Reception of Ancient Art: the Cast Collections of the University of Tartu Art Museum of Ancient Art: of Tartu the Cast Collections of University Reception JAANIKA ANDERSON Reception of Ancient Art: the Cast Collections of the University of Tartu Art Museum in the Historical, Ideological and Academic Context of Europe (1803–1918) Tartu 2015 ISSN 1406-8192 ISBN 978-9949-32-768-3 DISSERTATIONES STUDIORUM GRAECORUM ET LATINORUM UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 7 DISSERTATIONES STUDIORUM GRAECORUM ET LATINORUM UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 7 JAANIKA ANDERSON Reception of Ancient Art: the Cast Collections of the University of Tartu Art Museum in the Historical, Ideological and Academic Context of Europe (1803–1918) Faculty of Philosophy, University of Tartu This dissertation was accepted for the commencement of the decree of Doctor of Philosophy (Classical Philology) on January 30, 2015 by the Committee of the College of Foreign Languages and Cultures of the University of Tartu. Supervisors: Kristi Viiding, Professor of Classical Philology, Department of Classical Philology, University of Tartu Epi Tohvri, Associate Professor, Department of Technology, Tartu College of Tallinn University of Technology Opponents: Prof. Dr. Lorenz Winkler-Horaček, curator, Institut für Klassische Archäologie der Freien Universität Berlin und Abguss-Sammlung Antiker Plastik, Berlin Dr. Aira Võsa, researcher, Tartu University Library Commencement: on March 20, 2015 at 12.15, in the Senate room of the Uni- versity of Tartu (Ülikooli 18). ISSN 1406-8192 ISBN 978-9949-32-768-3 (print) ISBN 978-9949-32-769-0 (pdf) Copyright: Jaanika Anderson, 2015 University of Tartu Press www.tyk.ee ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to the people who have directly or indirectly contributed to the completion of this dissertation. -
Ancient History
ANCIENT HISTORY Paintings, mosaics and beyond The diverse range of Pompeian art offers historians a glimpse into an artistic style that was thought to have been lost, along with Pompeii as a result of the eruption in 79AD. Graffiti, pottery, mosaic and wall paintings were all part of the vast artistic culture that engulfed Pompeii. Although graffiti and pottery were present, they are not the two most significant artistic styles in Pompeii. They give valuable insight into the every day lives of Pompeian’s, and express the cultural values of the time. They are not however, what the Pompeian’s wanted to surround themselves with. Large scale mosaics and wall paintings are found in almost every private and public home or building in Pompeii. It is estimated that there is 3200 in total (according to Mau). This reveals that the subject matter of each painting and mosaic is culturally and aesthetically significant. Pottery and Graffiti was produced on a smaller scale, where as the evolution of artistic style found in paintings and mosaic show a region developing its artistic skill and expressive form. While both pottery and graffiti are important aspects of Pompeii, they do not showcase the perpetual movement of this ancient culture as painting and mosaic capture unarguably. Framed canvases hung on empty walls is an artistic feature seldom found in Pompeii. Instead artwork was painted directly onto the “moist stucco1” (source 1.1) using watercolour in a fresco2 stylistic practice. To prepare a wall, one (sometimes multiple) layer of sand mortar was used which was followed by “one or more coats of marble stucco” (source 1.2).